diff --git a/core/validator.go b/core/validator.go
index 7b17b34..28ec27f 100644
--- a/core/validator.go
+++ b/core/validator.go
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ func (v Validator) ID() common.Address {
 
 // Equals checks whether the validator is the same as another validator
 func (v Validator) Equals(x Validator) bool {
+	logger.Debugf("v.Equals(x) check, v.Addr: %v, x.Addr: %v, v.Stake: %v, x.Stake: %v\n", v.Address.Hex(), x.Address.Hex(), v.Stake, x.Stake)
 	if v.Address != x.Address {
 		return false
 	}
diff --git a/interchain/witness/metachain_witness.go b/interchain/witness/metachain_witness.go
index 16e533b..82f826f 100644
--- a/interchain/witness/metachain_witness.go
+++ b/interchain/witness/metachain_witness.go
@@ -570,9 +570,10 @@ func (mw *MetachainWitness) updateValidatorSetCache(dynasty *big.Int) (*score.Va
 	mw.cacheMutex.Lock()
 	defer mw.cacheMutex.Unlock()
 
-	queryBlockHeight := big.NewInt(1).Mul(dynasty, big.NewInt(1).SetInt64(scom.NumMainchainBlocksPerDynasty))
-	queryBlockHeight = big.NewInt(0).Add(queryBlockHeight, big.NewInt(1)) // increment by one to make sure the query block height falls into the dynasty
-	vs, err := mw.chainRegistrarOnMainchain.GetValidatorSet(nil, mw.subchainID, queryBlockHeight)
+	// queryBlockHeight := big.NewInt(1).Mul(dynasty, big.NewInt(1).SetInt64(scom.NumMainchainBlocksPerDynasty))
+	// queryBlockHeight = big.NewInt(0).Add(queryBlockHeight, big.NewInt(1)) // increment by one to make sure the query block height falls into the dynasty
+	// vs, err := mw.chainRegistrarOnMainchain.GetValidatorSet(nil, mw.subchainID, queryBlockHeight)
+	vs, err := mw.chainRegistrarOnMainchain.GetValidatorSet(nil, mw.subchainID, dynasty)
 	validatorAddrs := vs.Validators
 	validatorStakes := vs.ShareAmounts
 
@@ -592,6 +593,8 @@ func (mw *MetachainWitness) updateValidatorSetCache(dynasty *big.Int) (*score.Va
 
 	mw.validatorSetCache[dynasty.String()] = validatorSet
 
+	logger.Debugf("updateValidatorSetCache, dynasty = %v, validatorSet = %v", dynasty.String(), validatorSet.String())
+
 	return validatorSet, nil
 }
 
diff --git a/ledger/execution/tx_validator_set_update.go b/ledger/execution/tx_validator_set_update.go
index 00ca6cc..6e4c765 100644
--- a/ledger/execution/tx_validator_set_update.go
+++ b/ledger/execution/tx_validator_set_update.go
@@ -114,6 +114,10 @@ func (exec *SubchainValidatorSetUpdateTxExecutor) process(chainID string, view *
 		return common.Hash{}, result.UndecidedWith(result.Info{"newDynasty": newDynasty, "err": err})
 	}
 
+	logger.Debugf("newDynasty: %v", newDynasty)
+	logger.Debugf("newValidatorSet      : %v", newValidatorSet.String())
+	logger.Debugf("witnessedValidatorSet: %v", witnessedValidatorSet.String())
+
 	if !newValidatorSet.Equals(witnessedValidatorSet) {
 		return common.Hash{}, result.Error("validator set mismatch: %v vs %v", *newValidatorSet, *witnessedValidatorSet)
 	}