GeminiCup.txt

Gemini Cup
	Gemini Cup 2023
		R1
			THW divide electorates in representative democracy based on age group/generation rather than region
				Balance $stats 1, 2, 9
				Veto $stats 3, 2, 18
			THW ban people over the age of 70 from holding political office
				Balance $stats 1, 5, 9
				Veto $stats 2, 2, 18
			THBT political parties should be able to replace their elected members at any point during their term in office
				Balance $stats 0, 0, 9
				Veto $stats 4, 5, 18
		R2
			TH, as you, would refuse to get marry and openly live as gay
				Balance $stats 1, 1, 9
				Veto $stats 1, 6, 18
				You are the next Japanese emperor, and you are only the male heir in the royal family who can inherit the position. At the same time, you are gay.
			TH, as the Japanese royal princess, would not marry and break up with the commoner
				Balance $stats 1, 1, 9
				Veto $stats 6, 2, 18
				Under Japanese law, female royal family members forfeit royal status upon marriage to a "commoner," although male members do not. By marrying a commoner, she would also forfeit her right to the privileges of a royal marriage, such as the usual marriage rites or claim to royal financial support. For the purpose of this debate, you are a Japanese royal princess in 2023. You have been dating a commoner for 2 years and you are considering marriage.
			TH, as you, would quit the group to prioritise your own career
				Balance $stats 1, 4, 9
				Veto $stats 2, 1, 18
				You are a member of a Japanese female idol group. Your group has many members and has rapidly gained popularity within the past few years. You have gotten most of the attention within the group and have been featured as "center" for all the singles that were released. Currently you are thinking of quitting the group and seek career in abroad.
		R3
			Assuming the complete absence of human performers, THP a world where all porn are created by AI
				Balance $stats 1, 1, 9
				Veto $stats 2, 3, 18
			THR the increased accessibility of the production and consumption of internet pornography
				Balance $stats 3, 1, 9
				Veto $stats 4, 1, 18
			THBT Japan should ban pornographic illustrations centered around minors (e.g. Comics or Animation which sexualize minors)
				Balance $stats 2, 1, 9
				Veto $stats 3, 5, 18
		R4
			THW privatise all national museums
				Balance $stats 1, 3, 9
				Veto $stats 4, 1, 18
				Public museums are often curated by government departments, while private museums are focused on public interest in order to increase ticket sales. Private museums are run by NPOs and corporations, therefore are more profit incentivized.
			THO music streaming services (e.g. Spotify)
				Balance $stats 0, 3, 9
				Veto $stats 5, 2, 18
				Spotify is music streaming and media services provider with over 551 million monthly active users, including 220 million paying subscribers. Unlike physical sales or legal downloads, which pay artists a fixed amount per song or album sold, Spotify pays royalties based on their "market share": the number of streams for their songs as a proportion of total songs streamed on the service.
			THO the use of artworks in social movements when the creator does not identify with that movement
				Balance $stats 1, 1, 9
				Veto $stats 0, 6, 18
		QF
			THW universally abolish any and all forms of conscription
				Balance $stats 0, 1, 4
				Veto $stats 1, 3, 8
				Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
			TH, as the Muslim Brotherhood, would initiate guerilla operations against the CCP in support of the Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region
				Balance $stats 1, 0, 4
				Veto $stats 2, 1, 8
				The Muslim Brotherhood is a militant Muslim organization known for its connections with various terrorist groups. It's public agenda is the liberation of all oppressed Muslim groups internationally and the perpetration of Muslim theocracies. The group's leadership has recently expressed concern and interest in the genocide of the Uyghur population in the Xinjiang region.
				The CCP has continuously perpetrated various crimes against the Muslim population in the region, such as systematic violence, internment camps, and forced sterilization. This has led to a rapid drop in the Uyghur population, and despite international pressure against the genocide the CCP has silently continued its 're-education programs'.
			THBT international sports federations should boycott any financial relationship with countries that have extremely poor humanitarian records
				Balance $stats 1, 1, 4
				Veto $stats 1, 0, 8
		SF
			Assuming humanity encountered intelligent extraterrestrial life, THBT humanity should avoid all contact with them
				Balance $stats 1, 0, 2
				Veto $stats 1, 1, 4
			THP a world in which a Plumbob indicating the mental and physical health of each person exists
				Balance $stats 1, 0, 2
				Veto $stats 0, 1, 4
				For the purpose of this debate, the "Plumbob" is a glowing crystal that is suspended above each individuals' head and is a fairly accurate reflection of the people's current health. If the person is in very good health, the Plumbob will be a bright, deep green. As the people's health deteriorates, the green will become paler until it becomes neutral white, yellow, orange, red, and even deeper shades of red when in worse conditions. 
				Plumbobs do not simply reflect one's momentary mood.
			THP the Brave New World to the status quo
				Balance $stats 0, 0, 2
				Veto $stats 1, 0, 4
				In the Brave New World, all individuals are genetically designed for a specific purpose and occupation. After they are born, they receive education for these occupations, and they perform this role for the rest of their lives. Resources are distributed based on the importance of certain roles; there is inequality, but it is controlled and engineered.
		GF
			TH Hopes that LDP lose its political dominance
				Balance $stats 1, 0, 1
				Veto $stats 0, 0, 2
				The Liberal Democratic Party is the predominant political party in Japan. Traditionally, it advocates social and economic conservatism as opposed to other parties such as the Constitutional Democratic Party which supports more progressive policies. The LDP has been the majority party in Japan since the conception of representative democracy in the state; it still enjoys widespread support among older generations, but its policies remain controversial among younger electorates.
			TH, as Japanese government, would abolish the new immigration law
				Balance $stats 0, 0, 1
				In 2023, Japan revised its immigration law. Previously, immigration law did not allow deportation if the one was in the process of asylum application. However, the new immigration law legitimizes the use of forcible deportation of asylum applicants if they applied for asylum over 3 times.
			THW remove A-class war criminals from Yasukuni shrine
				Balance $stats 0, 0, 1
				A majority of Japanese politicians pay homage and respect to Yasukuni shrine, a shinto site dedicated to preserving those who fought in the Pacific War. The shrine has been a topic of international controversy due to the fact that it also houses A-class war criminals, namely the Meiji cabinet that were the key decision makers in the conflict.
		Rookie GF
			THBT social media has done more harm than good for gender equality
				Balance $stats 1, 0, 1
				Veto $stats 0, 0, 2
			THBT feminist movement should actively denounce TERF
				Balance $stats 0, 0, 1
				TERF stands for trans-exclusionary radical feminist. The term was originally used to distinguish trans-inclusive feminists from a group of radical feminists who reject the assertion that trans women are women, the inclusion of trans women in women's spaces, and transgender rights legislation. Examples of specific claims based on TERF include but not limited to; opposing trans-women to use female exclusive spaces and trans-women participate in female sports.
			TH, as the feminist movement, would decouple from the LGBTQIA+ community in order to prioritize women's rights
				Balance $stats 0, 0, 1
	Gemini Cup 2022
		R1
			THS the existence of female vigilante groups in developing countries.
			TH, as a climate activist, W oppose Japan's efforts to restart aging thermal power plants amid the ongoing power shortage crisis.
			THR social movements delegitimizing what people say, due to their lack of lived experiences on the subject.

		R2
			THBT debaters should not pursue persuasiveness of their speeches at the expense of factual correctness.
			Assuming technology, THP a world in which individuals can buy and sell their natural talents and traits. (e.g. Athletic ability, Intelligence, Musical Talent)
			THP a world in which Recall regularly records and distributes memories at a global scale.
				Recall is a supernatural phenomenon that records a copy of the recent memories of a randomly chosen target without their knowledge. It then remotely implants this copy in the memory of a second randomly chosen target, who upon recalling the memory experiences it in the same way as the person from which it was recorded (e.g. they have the same emotional response to that memory).
				
		R3
			THO disaster capitalism.
				Disaster capitalism refers to when private interests descend on a particular region in the wake of major destabilizing events, such as war, government upheaval, and natural disaster. An example of disaster capitalism is after the Earthquake and Tsunami in South Asia where developers seized land to build resorts and other ventures while local farmers and residents were evacuating their homes.
			THR surveillance capitalism.
				Surveillance capitalism is the monetization of data captured through monitoring people's movements and behavior online and in the physical world. Consumer surveillance is most commonly used for targeted marketing and advertising. Marketers combine demographic information with data about people's online activities (e.g. search activity, websites visited, posts and conversations in social media) to focus marketing efforts where they are most likely to be met with success. In more direct monetization, many companies also sell customer data to partners and other third parties.
			THBT developing countries should heavily prioritise the massive construction of infrastructure over the direct provision of financial benefit (including but not limited to cash, subsidies for education and medicine) to citizens.

		R4
			THO the spread of self diagnose of mental health.
			THBT doctors should report all suspected cases of domestic violence.
			THO the creation of saviour babies.
				A saviour baby is a child who is born in order to provide a stem cell transplant to a sibling that is affected with a fatal disease, such as cancer. By using gene testing technology, the baby is ensured to have genes that make the transplant successful.
				
		Open QF
			THW ban art glorifying suicide. (e.g. 夜に駆ける(Yoru-ni-kakeru), 13 Reasons Why)
			In post-conflict contexts, TH prefers the creation of art with messages of unity and hope, rather than art that seeks to commemorate previous or current suffering.
			THR that the celebration of opulence is a prominent theme within minority art. (e.g. ""I Get Money"" by 50 cent, ""I’m So Paid"" by Akon)

		Open SF
			THW require tech start-ups to guarantee the right to repair. (including but not limited: providing replacement parts, not adopting design features to prevent repairs, and publishing repair information)
				Social movements such as iFixit have been fighting for a “right to repair”. The main goal of these movements is granting people the ability to repair their own devices by providing the necessary knowhow and tools. Recently, there have been several lawsuits in which consumers have sued companies for disabling self-repairs and in 2022, Apple announced the Self Service Repair Programme, in which they provide repair tools and manuals for their users.
			In the context of US-China Tech Decoupling, TH, as Taiwan, would align exclusively with the US rather than continue a relationship with China.
				Tech decoupling refers to the decrease in interdependence of the US and Chinese technology supply chains. This encompasses export/import controls and pressuring firms to diversify manufaturing plants. Taiwan, which includes the world's largest contract semiconductor producers, is under pressure to pick a side in the US-China rivalry for technological supremacy. The decoupling has also posed big questions for TSMC and other Taiwanese corporations on whether to commit themselves to the larger US market, or to the faster-growing China.
			THS the rise of distributed social networks.
				A distributed social network (e.g. Mastodon, Diaspora) is an open source technology that allows individuals to easily duplicate and establish their own social networking platforms. These platforms exist as alternatives to established social media services, such as Facebook or Twitter.

		Open GF
			THS the establishment of an independent nation for indigenous Americans within the territory of the US, the founding of which is supported by the American government.
			THS the creation of charter cities in developing nations.
				“Charter Cities"" are tracts of uninhabited land set aside by host nations that would be semi-autonomous and administered by a developing third-party government. Citizens of the host nation could move in and out as they so desire. In recent years, Honduras has explored the option of establishing a charter city administered by the Canadian government.
			THS the use of forced population transfers that create separate, ethnically homogenous states as a solution to prolonged ethnic conflict.

		Rookie GF
			THW abolish the 60-vote rule.
				In the US Senate, there is a rule that 60 out of 100 votes are needed to end debate and move to a vote on a bill, (60-vote rule) so that in principle, the final voting process happens after constructive discussions and necessary inter-party concessions.  By utilizing this rule, an opposing minority of at least 41 members can prevent the passage of a bill by voting to not end debate on a bill, even if a supporting majority of at least 51 members could later pass it.
			THBT former colonizer countries should accept higher numbers of refugees even when faced with democratic opposition.
			THBT local municipalities in developing countries should allocate significant portions of their budget via Participatory Budgeting.
				Participatory budgeting (PB) is a type of citizen sourcing in which ordinary people decide how to allocate part of a municipal or public budget through a process of democratic deliberation and decision-making. Under a PB scheme, a sample of the public is selected to engage in discussions to draw up a budget with the help of experts.
	Gemini Cup 2021
		R1
			THP developmental dictatorship over democracy in developing countries.
			THR the use of mockery by left-wing media in covering the far right.
			THW give parents additional votes to vote on behalf of their children.
		R2
			THBT the internet has brought us closer to achieving a communist utopia.
			THP a world where individuals believe that all course of events are predetermined to occur.
			THO the narrative that it is desirable to repress strong emotions.
		R3
			TH, as the eSports community, P larger but more spaced apart balance patches to smaller, more frequent ones.
				Balance patches are updates that are released by game developers which change game mechanics and balance, as well as occasionally add new content. They are usually aimed to make strong characters/strategies weaker and vice versa to maintain the balance and fairness of the game.
			THBT the Bundesliga should abolish the “50+1 rule”.
				The "50+1 rule" is an informal term used to refer to a clause in the regulations of the German Football League (the Bundesliga). The clause states that, in order to obtain a license to compete in the Bundesliga, the club's fans must hold a majority of its own voting rights.
			THW establish quotas for immigrants on national sports teams.
		R4
			THS the narrative that all cops are bastards.
				All cops are bastards (ACAB, 1312, etc.) is a slogan which originated in British crime/prison culture, and is considered a hate symbol against police officers. In the wake of the murder of George Floyd, this slogan has seen increased use by protestors and activists.
			THBT the state should pay reparations to individuals convicted in the past for actions that are no longer recognized as a crime.
			THW force priests to report the confession of serious crimes to the police
				A confession is an occasion when a Christian tells a priest, formally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven.
		QF
			You are an author who is trying to warn against climate change. Rather than write a dystopian sci-fi novel on the aftermath of climate change, THW write a similar fantasy novel (magic brooms instead of hovercrafts, spells instead of laser guns, etc) where using magic slowly but irreversibly harms the Earth.
			THR the success of white artists who use cultural modes of expression that come from minority cultures (e.g. Rap, Jazz, Hip-hop, etc.).
			THBT the feminist movement should actively support #NotAllMen.
		SF
			TH, as the EU, W remove Hungary from the EU.
				Hungary has repeatedly violated EU principles since Orbán Viktor became prime minister. For example, it expanded the prime minister's authority indefinitely, seized control of the domestic media and regulated freedom of expression, cracked down on minorities, and passed an anti-LGBT law in June. It has also strengthened ties with China and Russia. The EU has imposed sanctions and recommendations on Hungary since 2018, but has not improved and continues to crack down on democracy.
			THBT the United States should pursue aggressive containment of China (e.g. economic sanctions, diplomatic threats, remilitarization of South China Sea and Japan, countering China's influence in various regions).
			TH, as Malala, W focus on activism pushing the Taliban government to be more progressive rather than criticizing its existence.
		GF
			As a country with a large cosmetic surgery industry (i.e. Korea), THW nationalize the cosmetic surgery industry.
			THW require the consent of any twin siblings in addition to the patient when storing genetic information in public databanks.
			Assuming vaccines for Covid-19 are widely accessible to everyone, THBT hospitals should deprioritize Covid-19 patients who are willingly unvaccinated in emergency care.
	Gemini Cup 2020
		R1
			THW allow pro-life organisations to pay women considering abortion to carry their pregnancies to term
			THBT feminist movement should actively discourage women to have children
			THBT the creation of feminist icons and their cults of personality are good for the feminist movement
		R2
			THBT the countries which militarily intervene in another country should receive a significant number of the people who are harmed in the conflict as refugees.
			THBT former colonial powers should aggressively favor their former colonies in trade (e.g. preferential trade terms, prioritization of trade deals etc.)
			THBT Japan should actively attract and accept mass immigration
		R3
			THW ban advocacy for religious belief in public places.
			TH opposes organized religion.
			THW require children in isolated communities to live outside their community for a few years.
		R4
			THBT progressive movements should not doxx
				Doxxing is an internet-based practice of researching and broadcasting private or identifiable information (e.g. name, address, occupation etc.) about an individual or organization.
			THR the exclusion of privileged minorities in minority discourse.
			THR corporate participation in social justice issues (eg LGBTQIA +, Racial relations, Abortion)
		OF
			THBT Western liberal democracies should ban imports of consumer goods made by child labour.
			THW require all sold products to clearly display their price in Dead Children Currency.
				According to Population Services International, a respected charity research group, 1 dead child = $650-$1000. The dead child tends to refer to an African kid who died because you didn’t give it to charity.
			THW prohibit the use of automated weapon systems.
		QF
			THBT art related to LGBTQ+ should be exclusively created by LGBTQ+ artists.
			THBT government should not fund contemporary art.
				Contemporary art is known for the use of materials, methods, and subjects that challenge the strict boundaries of traditional aesthetics. It is characterized by great diversity and a lack of a uniform organizing principle.
			TH would allow the “Cultural Defence” in all criminal proceedings.
				A “cultural defense” is a defense to the prosecution in criminal proceedings which claims that the defendant’s punishment for criminal conduct should be diminished because of the cultural differences. A “cultural defense” is often argued when the defendant had a minority background which holds values that are antithetical to the society at large.
		SF
			TH, as the U.S., would “reform the police” rather than “defund the police”.
				Reform the police is to transform the values, culture, policies and practices of police organizations so that police can perform their duties with respect for democratic values, human rights and the rule of law. Defund the police is to divest funds from police departments and reallocating them to non-policing forms of public safety and community support, such as social service, youth services, housing, education, healthcare and drug rehabilitation.
			THW allow Japanese to opt out of the national pension system.
			THBT economic development organizations(e.g. IMF and World Bank) should make aid conditional upon democratic reform (e.g. transparency in election, participation in voting).
		GF
			THR the rise of populism in liberal western democracies.
			THBT prominent social activists should choose not to run for public office.
			THW ban lobbying.
	Pre Gemini Cup 2020
		R1
			THW instill nationalism in primary school education.
			THW promote teachers purely by student evaluation.
			THW desegregate schools in states with high racial tensions.
		R2
			THBT corporation should have the right to include a clause in their employment contract for women to legally agree not to pregnant.
			TH as the feminist movement would support women using their sexuality/femininity to climb up the social ladder.
			THW legalize surrogacy for profit.
		R3
			THW transfer a government’s power to technocrats during a crisis (economic recession, covid-19 etc.).
			THBT politicians should be binded to their manifesto.
			THW give extra votes to citizens based on their performance on a current affairs test.
		R4
			THBT the disability rights movement should oppose “inspiration porn”.
				“inspiration porn” is any picture, video, memo, or feel-good article that displays a person with a disability doing an ordinary activity.
			TH, as a vegan movement, would abandon the total push against animal-based products and instead focus on the humane rearing of animals.
			THS diversity quotas for university admissions.
	Gemini Cup 2019
		R1: Education
			THBT schools actively rank children based on their achievements and encourage competition.
			THR the rise of university enrollment in developed countries.
			THR the dominant narrative in children’s education that good always wins.
		R2: Media
			THR progressive movements broadcasting private information of an individual or an organization on SNS as a means of punishment.
			THW deny broadcasting rights to news channels that consistently fail to meet a minimum truth requirement.
			THW prohibit the media from reporting on the mental illness of those accused of crimes.
		R3: Identity
			THW make tax exemption to religious organizations contingent upon them not discriminating (e.g. refusing to perform religious services, not allowing participation by homosexuals.)
			THW impose a male privilege tax.
			THW pay a salary to stay-at-home parents.
		R4: Environment
			THW make developmental aid to developing countries contingent on whether they follow an environmentally friendly agenda.
			THW shorten the patents of green technologies by large corporations.
			THBT countries that are major polluters should accept environmental refugees.
		OF
			THBT election campaigns should be fully financed by the state.
			THBT political comedians does more harm than good for democracy.
			THW make the weight of votes proportionate to a person’s expected remaining lifespan.
		QF
			THW only subsidize art that is understandable to the average viewer.
			THBT disabled parents should be able to ensure that their children be born disabled.
			THS the use of sex appeal to generate interest in female sports.
		SF
			THR the nagative stigma of lobbying.
			THR the stigmatization of selfishness.
			THR the narrative of having one great calling or purpose in life.
		GF
			You are the leader of prominent feminist political party which enjoys reasonable support but is highly unlikely to win an election on its own. The recently elected head of state, with a historically poor record with women’s rights, has asked for your party to be part of a coalition government. THW accept the offer.
			TH, as an openly non-heterosexual individual, would not date people in the closet.
			THR the rise of political correctness.
	Pre-Gemini Cup 2019
		R1
			THW limit companies ability to replace workers with technology.
			THW allow individuals to opt out of employment provisions and regulations relating to health and safety in return for increased pay.
			THBT corporations should have the right to include a clause in their employment contracts for women to legally agree not to get pregnant.
		R2
			THW make the hosting of the Olympics contingent on a majority vote by referenda by the host country.
			THW prohibit religious leaders and organizations from endorsing, supporting, or commenting on any political party or candidate.
			THW require all citizens to perform two years of national civic services (ex. Healthcare, education, etc.)
		R3
			THS communal child rearing.
			TH opposes individual evaluation and accolades in activities competed by teams (e.g. Most Valuable Player, Speaker Score).
			THBT black entertainers should not use the “N” word.
				Communal child rearing is the system of raising children as a whole society. In this system, biological parents lose parental right to their children, and the countries lose parental right to their children, and the communities give necessities of lives, educations and money for independence etc. to all children equally. Also, parents and children live apart, and don’t keep special connection to each other.
		R4
			THW ban inheritance.
			THW not punish people who live below the poverty line for economic crimes that they have committed.
			THW introduce quota for people from working- class background in management.
	Gemini Cup (2018)
		R1
			As feminist movement, TH regrets the rise of songs of female pop artists that glorify assertive female sexuality.
			THBT the feminist movement should actively discourage women to take risky behavior (wearing seductive clothing, drinking alcohol etc) in order to avoid sexual assault.
			THBT the feminist movement should actively support gender exclusive schools
		R2
			THW allocate research funds in public universities based purely on utility factors.
				”Utility factor” refers to the tangible, foreseeable impact on society produced by academic research. The utility factor is determined by the universities.
			TH regrets the narrative that going to a prestigious universities is a prerequisite for success.
			THBT scientists should not report the empiric results which may conclude a certain race / ethnicity is inferior to others on the aspect of neuroscience.
		R3
			TH supports the rise of fat acceptance movement.
				“Fat acceptance movement” is a social movement seeking to change anti-fat bias in social attitudes. Recently the movement has been criticized for ignoring health issues that many studies have shown to be linked to obesity.
			THW prioritize victims over state when providing post-war compensation.
			In countries where the population is ethnically diversed, THW force ethnic minorities to provide education in national language instead of their native toungue.
		R4
			THW ban gated communities.
			THBT parents should be given access to children’s passwords of social networking accounts.
			TH opposes peace education that uses shocking graphic images of war victims.
		OF
			THBT developing countries should impose a life-long taxation on their citizens who have completed tertiary education and decided to migrate.
			THBT development of infrastructure in developing countries should be led by the state, as opposed to the private sector.
			THBT in times of high unemployment, governments should remove all minimum standard regulations in the labour market.
		QF
			Chemical castration is a castration via drugs to eliminate sexual desire. It does not remove the organs nor is it a form of sterilization.
			THW impose chemical castration on sexual offenders instead of imprisonment.
			THW not allow out-of-court settlements for workplace discrimination and harassment.
			THW criminalize violent fouls in sports.
		SF
			In Western liberal democratic countries which accept a substantial number of immigrants, THW adopt policies that try to integrate them into mainstream society as opposed to actively focus on building exclusive communities (residences, workplaces, schools, social gathering places, entertainment centers, etc. )
			THBT it is legitimate for states to exaggerate threats to pass unpopular legislation deemed to be in the interest of national security.
			THBT the environmental activists should never use violence as a strategy to forward their case
		GF
			Info: You are a closeted homosexual living in a discriminatory society. And you are the CEO of a successful company.
			TH,as you, would remain in closeted.
			Assuming that individual’s happiness is measurable by the state, THW levy a tax proportionally to happiness.
			TH prefers to live in a world where individual success and failure are seen as consequences of random events as opposed to individual’s personal choices.
	Pre Gemini Cup(2018)
		R1
			TH regrets movies glorifying anti-social behavior
			THW ban racist and extremist political parties
			THBT the disability community should oppose TV program which inspirational portray people with with disabilities.
		R2
			THW sanction tax havens
				A tax haven is a country/area with virtually very low rates of taxation, and utilized for tax saving by corporations and billionaries.
			THW not make criminal records accessible to the public
			THW never bail out failing corporations
		R3
			THW ban all advertising of consumer goods and services
			THW legalize performance enhancing drugs in professional sports
			THW legalize the sale of human organs
		R4
			THBT consumers living in the first world should boycott “fast fashion”
				‘Fast fashion’ retailers are clothing retailers who deliver current, up-to-trend clothing styles to mass consumers at a low price. Typically, they achieve this by deriving designs from new fashion shows, outsourcing production, and aggressive marketing. Examples of ‘fast fashion’ retailers include Zara, H&M, and UNIQLO.
			THBT post-conflict societies should destroy all artwork created in support of a fallen dictator
			THBT humanitarian organizations should be allowed to give funding, resources or services to illegal armed groups when this is made a condition for access to vulnerable civilians
	Gemini Cup (2017)
		R1
			TH support tiger parenting
				Tiger parent is an extremely strict parent who makes his/her children work excessively hard so that they can attain high levels of academic achievement
			THBT universities should prohibit far-right wing racists from giving speeches on college campuses
			THBT schools should show moderate pornography to teenagers as a part of sex education curriculum
		R2 Motions
			THW criminalize the membership of criminal organizations
			THW judges of Supreme Court should be directly elected by the citizens
			THBT illegally gathered evidence should not be admissible in criminal trials
		R3 Motions
			THW not impose any restriction on abortion regardless of the stages of pregnancy
			THBT doctors should report suspected cases of domestic violence to the police regardless of the patient’s consent
			THW grant those diagnosed with terminal illness the right to access to treatments that have not completed clinical testing
		R4 Motion
			THW allow strikes by those working in essential state services
			THW substantially tax unhealthy food (e.g. junk food, sugary beverages)
			THW ban video games in which players engage in brutal and immoral violence in a realistic setting
		OF
			THW prohibit the use of drones in military operations
			THW allow individuals to pay the state to buy exemption from compulsory military service
			In post-conflict societies, THBT the government should mandate society diversity in community living (e.g. housing, schools, workplace)
		QF
			THBT media should not emphasize successful women’s feminine features
			THBT social movements in democratic countries should drive social change through the courts rather than the legislature
			In a country where feminism is not widely accepted, THBT the feminist movement should form one single movement, rather than diverse types of movements under different feminist ideologies
				Femininity is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with girls and women. Femininity is socially constructed, but made up of both socially-defined and biologically-created factors. Traits traditionally cited as feminine include gentleness, empathy, and sensitivity.
		SF
			THW prohibit atheletes from making political expressions at international sporting events
			TH, as historically oppressed indigenous minorities, would embrace and promote positive but inaccurate stereotypes about their culture
			TH, as a parent belonging to oppressed minorities, would teach their children about the existence of harsh discrimination from a young age
		GF
			THBT parents should not instill their religion into their children
			THBT religious organization should sell all its cultural artifacts in order to fund poverty alleviation
			In a context of serious religious conflict, THW ban all religious expression in public places (e.g. public proselytization, the public display of religious symbols)
	Pre-Gemini Cup (2017)
		R1
			THBT essential state service should not be privatized
			THBT developing states should prioritize the education for the mass over the education for creating elites
			THBT multinational corporations operating in developing nations should be compelled to follow the environmental standards of western liberal democracies
		R2
			THW offer dictators immunity in return for leaving power
			THBT feminists should refrain from using the act of sex to further their personal or political goals
			THBT figureheads of national liberation movement should refrain from running for elected office after their movements succeed
		R3
			TH, as feminists, would publicly encourage women to use the rape-prevention products (e.g. Undercover Colors)
				‘Undercover Colors’ is wearable nail tech that identifies the presence of date rape drugs in one’s drink through color change.
			THBT police forces should reflect the racial composition of the communities that they serve
			THW allow emplyees to choose not to receive any basic provision in their labor contracts in exchange for a proportional increase in wage
				Employees are provided basic welfare through labor contracts. This includes health and safety standards in the working environment, protection from unfair dismissals, and other conditions to protect employees.
		R4
			TH prefers a world without marriage
			THW prosecute suspected rapists without the formal complaint from the victim
			THBT media should actively portray terrorists as criminals with legitimate grievances rather than demonizing them
	Gemini Cup (2016)
		R1
			THBT governments of developing countries should actively invest in sex tourism.
			THW ban sadomasochism.
			TH opposes the use of sex appeal intended to gain intrest in female sports.
		R2
			THW prohibit the police from guising as children online in order to catch paedophiles.
			THBT court should consider victims’ forgiveness as a mitigating factor when sentencing offenders.
			THW allow the police to implement racial profiling.
		R3
			THW allow medical professionals to opt out of performing treatments on the basis of conscience.
			THBT we should stop the attempt to find a ‘cure’ for autism.
			THBT important decisions about children’s health should be made by medical professionals and not by their parents.
		R4
			THBT the media should not report on the mental illness of criminals.
			THW provide welfare in the form of basic goods and services rather than in the form of cash payments.
			THW allow parents to vote on behalf of their children.
		OF
			THBT universities should introduces a female quota in their STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) faculties.
			THBT advertisements do more harm than good to consumers.
			THW not require real estate agencies to disclose information concerning past incidents of suicide and crime that happened in their properties.
		QF
			THBT the west should arm and assist local militia in order to combat terrorists.
			THBT western states should stop interventions (such as tied aid and sanctions) to enforce democracy in developing nations.
			THR the denomintion of the global fight against terrorism as the “war on terror”
		SF
			TH prefers a world without the system of marriage.
			THW allow jury nullification.
				Jury nullification occurs in a trial when a jury acquits a defendant even though the members of the jury believe the defendant to be guilty of the charges. This may occur when the member of the jury disagree with the law the defendant has been charged with breaking, or believe that the law should not be applied in that particular case.
			THW ban racist and extremist political parties.
		GF
			THW require religious schools to give safe sex education regardless of parental consent.
			THBT states should not instill nationalism through education.
			THBT students should bully each other during classes as a part of moral education.
		Masters’ Debate
			THW end all state funding to art.
			THW leagalize dueling to the death.
			THW ban all forms of pornography.
	Pre-Gemini Cup (2016)
		R1
			THW allow corporations to pay higher wages to employees who agree not to have children.
			THBT women should be criminally liable for harms to their fetus that resul from their lifestyle choices.
			THW aggressively sexualize men in the fight for gender equality.
		R2
			THW prohibit public depictions of the Prophet Muhammad.
			THW ban proselytization in public.
			THW prohibit methods of animal slaughter prescribed by religions that cause prolonged pain to the animals involved.
		R3
			THW not give financial assitance for the reconstruction of disaster prone areas.
			THW allow athletes to use performance enhancing drugs.
			THBT politicians should not resign over private affairs. (such as sex scandals and family problems)
		R4
			THBT NGO’s/charities should refuse sposorships from entities that do not act in accordance with their aims.
			THBT LGBT movement should oppose LGBT people who make self-depreciating jokes about their sexuality.
			THBT the acdaemy award nominations should have a quota for racial minorities.
	Gemini Cup (2015)
		R1
			THBT the feminist movement should oppose popular fairy tales which portray traditional gender roles
			THW introduce female quota in senior military officials
			THW include gender reassignment surgery in national health care system
		R2: Love sexy dynamite politician
			THW suspend election in time of economic crisis
			THW except politicians from protection of defamation law
			THBT neighborhoods should have a right to veto construction of military bases by referendum
		R3: これからの「學校」の話をしよう。
			THW establish segregated schools for youth who self-identify themselves as sexual minorities
			TH opposes peace education that uses shocking graphic images of victims of war
			THBT universities in liberal democracies should not accept the children of the ruling elite of oppressive regimes
		R4: So diverse,beyond the hands of adj core
			THW abolish plea-bargaining
				A plea bargain is any agreement in a criminal case between the prosecutor and defendant whereby the defendant agrees to plead guilty to a particular charge, disclose accomplices in a trial or cooperate for investigations in return for some concession from the prosecutor.
			THBT multinational corporation which operates in developing countries should abide by the environmental/labor standard of its country of origin
		OF
			THW prohibit credit rating agencies from denying legal liability for inaccuracy of their ratings
				A credit rating is an evaluation of the credit worthiness of a debtor, especially a business (company) or a government, but not individual consumers.
			THW prohibit journalists from going to conflict areas
			THBT the gay rights movement should abandon the claim that sexuality is not a choice
		Master’s round
			TH regrets the narratives that Japan is the victim of WWII (e.g. Emphasis on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, less emphasis on invasion of other nations and islands)
			THW never die for a country
			THW introduce mandatory military conscription
		QF
			THBT fear should not be used to teach religions to children
			THBT Pope Francis should declare that the Catholic Church ought to conduct marriage ceremony for same-sex couples
			THBT secular states should ban wearing religious symbols in public
		SF
			THBT Germany should criminalize the membership of Neo-Nazi groups
			THW ban international aid charities from using sensational, graphic, or overly-emotional images of suffering in fundraising and advertising campaigns
			THBT any songs or films that promote or glorify socially undesirable conduct (e.g. drug abuse, racism) should be excluded from awards (e.g. Emmy, Grammy)
		GF
			THW give public the power, via referendum, to pardon whistleblowers
			THBT freedom of speech should include the right to offend religion
			TH opposes Chinese censorship on its citizens
	Gemini Cup (2014)
		R1: The Vulnerables -Animal・The weak・The battered-
			THW ban animal performance
			THBT hacktivism is a legitimate form of protest against large corporations
			THW mandate doctors to report all cases of suspected domestic violence.
		R2: Media -Something exist in between-
			THBT journalists who cover people in distress have a moral obligation to act as good samaritarians
			THBT black entertainers should not use the “N” word
			THW aggressively promote “Nuclear Family” on primetime Indian television
		R3: Environment -Our Blue Planet-
			THW rather use resources to adapt to climate change change than to prevent it
			THBT those who caused severe damage on environment should be tried under universal jurisdiction
			THW exempt indigenous communities from environmental regulation
		R4: Classics -Bonus Time!!-
			THW abolish circumcision for children
			THW ban cosmetic/plastic surgery aimed to change racial features
			THB in the right to bear arms
		OF: Money -Distributive Justice appertaining to something gorgeous-
			THW auction off the long-term right to govern bankrupt cities for profit
			THBT the developed nations with high unemployment rate should stop providing developmental aid for foreign countries
			Assuming attractiveness of individual based on appearance (both face and shape) is measurable, THBT state should pay/compensate for individuals who are less
		QF: International Relations -Power! Peace! Ideology!-
			THBT Arabic Nations should stop selling oil to countries that restrict Islamic dresses until the restrictions are removed.
			THBT the EU should lift its ban on exporting sedatives used in lethal injections to the USA
			THBT NATO should have been dissolved when the Warshaw Pact ended.
		SF: Technology -Use your imagination!-
			Assuming feasibility, THW allow people to voluntarily erase their memories
			Assuming technology was perfected, THW financially reward men who gave his children a birth
			THW allow human cloning for military purpose
		GF: Social Justice -What is the right thing to do?-
			As liberals, we should seek for the removal of all speech crimes.
			In a world with unwanted children, as self-described pro-life activists, we are morally obliged to take an unwanted child as our child.
			As gay rights activist, we should campaign for the abolition of marriage, rather than (gay) marriage
	Pre Gemini Cup (2014)
		R1: Blood & Care-The strength of our consanguineous bond-
			THW permit inmates to raise their young children in prison
			THW allow parents to remove their children from specific classes at school (such as sports, religious studies, sex education and science) on moral, religious or political grounds
			THW require close relatives of the homeless to pay their welfare costs to the extent that they can afford to do so
		R2: Politics -The thing inextricably linked to the phenomena of conflict and cooperation-
			THBT formation of political parties based on ethnicity should be prohibited in countries where ethnic tension is prominent
			THW allow public servants to strike
			THBT we should celebrate/support the rise of far-right/far-left political parties
		R3: War and Justice-Justice For, During, and After War-
			THW abolish all exceptions to the military draft on the basis of religion, sexual orientation or gender in democratic countries that have a compulsory military draft
			THW prohibit the usage of drones
			THBT post-conflict societies should set a history curriculum that emphasises the wrongs done by their own community during that conflict
		R4: Various Movements-We should move!!…but to this way or to that way?-
			THW decriminalize graffiti in public spaces
			THBT the increase of diversity among progressive movements is rather harming the movement itself.
			THBT self-declared feminists should not be full-time housewives
	13th Gemini Cup(2013)
		R1: Love Sexy キラキラ ☆Dynamite Saturday Morning Fever☆
			THW force luxury designer brands (such as Louis Vuitton, CHANEL) to include plus-size for their collections.
			THW criminalize cosmetic surgery of pets.
			THBT female artists should not allow themselves to be objectified in their music videos.
		R2: 痛い
			THW make blood donation mandatory.
			THW allow those diagnosed with terminal illnesses to access treatments that have not completed clinical testing.
			THW include graphic images of the process and consequence of abortion in the teaching of sex education in public schools.
		R3: これからの「浅井」の話をしよう
			THBT media should reveal their sources of information in criminal cases upon courts’ requests.
			THW hold accountants accountable when they fail to recognize crimes (such as insider trading) happening within the companies they are in charge of.
			THW impose harsher punishment upon frauds carried out under religion.
		R4: 夜のパートナー♡
			THW legalize incest.
			THBT pedophilia can be allowed if an adolescent’s parents consent to the relationship.
			THW legalize public nudity.
		OF: お母さん「じゅんこ早く起きなさい」
			TH oppose tiger-parenting as a form of education.
				The tiger parent is an extremely strict parent who makes his/her children work excessively hard and severely restricts their free time so that they can continually achieve the highest grades.
			THW impose legal duty of care on adult children for their parents.
			THBT parents who seek to have biological children should fulfill the same requirements as those who seek to adopt (such as sufficient economic capability, passing of personality tests, no criminal record).
		QF: となりのYAMADAくん家
			In the aftermath of ethnic conflicts, THW allocate the equal number of seats in the national parliament to each ethnic group, regardless of the ethnic demography.
			THBT regional bodies are better than international bodies in undertaking military intervention.
			THBT international sporting events should not be held in countries with high ethnic tension.
		SF: 소수자
			THBT gay rights movements should oppose subcultures which portrait “Boys’ Love” / “Girls’ Love”.
			Assuming that there is a perfect technology which carries a full term pregnancy in an incubator, THBT feminist movements should oppose biological pregnancies.
			THW ban racial segregation in prisons.
		GF: ジェミニのモーションが嫌いでも…私のことは嫌いにならないでくださいっ！！
			THBT the issues of death penalty should be up to courts, rather than parliaments.
			THBT Japanese government has a moral obligation not to export nuclear power plants to foreign countries.
			TH support the right to defend property during a natural disaster (such as Tsunami, or bushfire).
		Masters’ Cup: self-described progressive debaterのみなさまへ
			THW never consider “diversity” in selecting breaking adjudicators and adjudication core.
			Assuming that people reasonably understand English, THBT randomly selected ordinary people should judge.
			THBT Japanese debate community should abolish “love motion”.
	Pre-Gemini Cup(2013)
		R1: そふとさきいか
			THW subsidize female movie directors.
			THW prohibit the price gouging after natural disasters.
			THW criminalize adultery.
		R2: はーどあたりめ
			THW ban the cosmetic use of Photoshop in advertisement.
			THW ban the use of religious items and symbols as a part of fashion.
			THBT free speech should extend to offensive arts.
		R3: 噛めば噛むほど味が出るreligion＋α
			THW ban religions from advocating self-harm as a form of penance. (such as self-immolation of Tibetan monks)
			THW not allow religious communities to expel their members on the basis of views or actions that contradict doctrinal teachings.
			THW ban “Neko Café”.
		R4: もしかしたら たしかに そうかもしれんぽい気が しなくもない
			THBT soldiers who have fought for foreign countries should be granted citizenship of these countries.
			THW allow people who finish their compulsory education to re-enter the schools for compulsory education.
			THW limit (but, not abolish) the right to vote of the elderly.
	12th Gemini Cup(2012)
		R1: Education
			THBT universities should not give academic credit for volunteer work.
			THW allow teachers to physically punish their students at school regardless of parental consent.
			THW pay teachers progressive salary according to the academic performance of their students
		R2: Legal Status
			THW abolish the mSSinimum age requirement for marriage.
			THW criminalize the membership of criminal organizations, even if he/she doesn’t commit crimes on his/her own.
			THBT voting eligibility should be based on the passing of civic tests instead of age.
		R3: International Relations
			THBT it is legitimate to use aid to buy votes in international organisations.
			THBT after a humanitarian intervention has halted human rights abuses, the occupation forces should leave at once if the population so wishes
			THBT Israel should assassinate Iran’s nuclear scientists.
		R4: Environment
			THW forcibly remove the homeless from the streets and place them in rehabilitation.
			THBT carbon trading is more effective in combating global warming than emission tax.
			THW make the development of eco-friendly industry a condition for receiving non-emergency aid.
		OF: The end justifies the means.
			THBT evidence which is illegally obtained should be admissible in criminal trials.
			THW take and use the organs of executed death row convicts regardless of consent.
			THBT the 3rd world countries should recognize the necessity of sweatshops.
		QF: Justice
			THBT the protection of the environment should be considered a mitigating factor when sentencing eco-terrorists.
			THW impose progressive fine on offenders based on their assets.
			THW abolish enhanced punishment based on hate crime law.
		SF: Freedom
			THW allow public servants to criticize their government.
			THW prosecute parents who take their children to another legal jurisdiction in order to carry out an act which is illegal in their home country.
			THW legalize sadomasochism.
		GF: Public Discourse
			THBT entertainment awards should not be bestowed on individuals who have committed crime.
			THW ban publication of political opinion polls.
			THW televise the executions of criminals
	11th Gemini Cup(2011)
		R1
			THW legalize bestiality.
		R2
			THBT developing nations should nationalize their natural resourses.
		R3
			THBT Latinos should have the right to be taught in Spanish.
		R4
			THW introduce plea-bargaining.
		OF
			THW prohibit criminals from publishing descriptions of their crimes.
		QF
			THBT the United States government should send troops to Mexico to fight against drug cartels.
		SF
			THW dissolve all political parties.
		GF
			THW allow abortion on the grounds of disability.
	10th Gemini Cup(2010)
		R1
			THW abolish teaching licenses and employ teachers without them.
		R2
			THW ban abortion at all stages of pregnancy.
		R3
			THBT the head coach of the Japanese national football team should be decided through the votes of the fans and not by Japan Football Association.
		R4
			THBT the developed world should unconditionally accept environmental refugees.
		OF
			THBT the EU parliament should inspect the budget bills of its member states before they are approved by the domestic legislative bodies.
		QF
			THW ban fictional publications that demonize certain religions, races, or ethnicities.
		SF
			THW ban companies from going to the third world in order to avoid the first world restrictions on human drug testing.
		GF
			THW completely ban the broadcast of suicide.
	9th Gemini Cup (2009)
		R1
			THW allow students to choose their public schools.
		R2
			THBT arranged marriage is better than love marriage.
		R3
			THBT individual rights are more important than security.
		R4
			THW ban the export of arms to the Middle East.
		OF
			THBT EU should stop subsidizing Agriculture.
		QF
			THW amend article 9.
		SF
			THBT Japanese government should give the legislative power to the government at the prefecture level.
		GF
			THW abolish beauty contests.
	8th Gemini Cup (2008)
		R1
			THBT Japanese government should impose fat tax on people who have metabolic syndrome.
		R2
			THBT International Olympic Committee should allow athletes to use performance enhancing drugs.
		R3
			THBT international standard is more important than tradition.
		R4
			THW impose military sanctions on Myanmar.
		OF
			THW promote genetically modified food.
		QF
			THBT the Japanese Government should fully finance election costs.
		SF
			THW dismantle United Nations Security Council.
		GF
			THW abolish death penalty.
	7th Gemini Cup (2007)
		R1
			THW oblige teachers to renew their licenses.
		R2
			THBT YouTube brings more harm than good.
		R3
			THW amend article 9.
		R4
			THBT developing countries should be responsible for environmental risks in the future.
		QF
			THW use gambling to rejuvenate economic depressed zones.
		SF
			THW forcefully intervene in case of domestic violence even without a victim’s request.
		GF
			THW welcome immigrants.
	6th Gemini Cup (2006)
		R1
			THW force all parents to take childcare leave.
		R2
			THBT MIXI does more harm than good for university students.
		R3
			THW invade somewhere.
		R4
			THW privatize water service in developing countries.
		QF
			THBT luxury is an enemy.
		SF
			THW allow surrogacy for profit.
		GF
			THW prohibit any kinds of remission for criminals.
	5th Gemini Cup (2005)
		R1
			THW prohibit advertisement of consumer credit.
		R2
			THW prioritize dating over debating.
		R3
			THW accept immigrants.
		R4
			THW allow pre-implantation genetic diagnosis.
		QF
			THBT insanity is not equivalent to “not guilty”.
		SF
			THW impose fat tax.
		GF
			THBT Japan should arm herself with nuclear weapons.
	4th Gemini Cup (2004)
		R1
			THW abolish coming of age ceremony (so called Seijin-shiki).
		R2
			THBT Japan should withdraw the SDF from Iraq immediately.
		R3
			THW legalize euthanasia.
		GF
			THBT going to Tokyo Disney Land is better than going to theatre for couples.
	3rd Gemini Cup (2003)
		R1
			THW have national holidays in June.
		R2
			THBT “slow life” is better than “fast life”.
		R3
			THBT we should keep scenery than construct buildings.
		SF
			THW compensate SARS.
		GF
			THBT smart diplomacy is better than smart bombing.
	2nd Gemini Cup (2002)
		R1
			THW privatize postal service.
		R2
			It’s better to go out and watch World Cup than debating here.
		R3
			THW prohibit whale hunting.
		SF
			THBT expansion of EU brings harms than benefits.
		GF
			THBT the Japanese Government should freeze ODA for China.
	1st Gemini Cup (2001)
		R1
			THBT we should set the alarm for summer time.
		R2
			THW support free trade.
		R3
			Let’s hunt your boyfriend or girlfriend on the website.
		SF
			THW prohibit patenting on genetic information.
		GF
			THBT ”no pain, no gain”.