diff --git a/.cicd/Jenkinsfile b/.cicd/Jenkinsfile
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d0ce26b2..000000000
--- a/.cicd/Jenkinsfile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-pipeline {
-    agent none
-    stages {
-        stage('Run UFS Workflow Tools') {
-            parallel {
-                stage('Run UFS Workflow tools on Cheyenne') {
-                    agent {
-                        label "cheyenne"
-                    }
-                    steps {
-                      cleanWs()    
-                      checkout changelog: false, poll: false, scm: scmGit(branches: [[name: 'develop']], extensions: [], gitTool: 'Default', userRemoteConfigs: [[url: 'https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools']])
-                      sh '''
-                            module use /glade/work/epicufsrt/contrib/miniconda3/modulefiles
-                            module load miniconda3/4.12.0
-                            conda activate workflow_tools
-
-                            ${WORKSPACE}/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh
-                      '''
-                    }
-                }
-                
-                stage('Run UFS Workflow tools on Jet') {
-                    agent {
-                        label "jet"
-                    }
-                    steps {
-                       cleanWs()    
-                       checkout changelog: false, poll: false, scm: scmGit(branches: [[name: 'develop']], extensions: [], gitTool: 'Default', userRemoteConfigs: [[url: 'https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools']])    
-                       sh '''
-                          module use /mnt/lfs4/HFIP/hfv3gfs/role.epic/miniconda3/modulefiles
-                          module load miniconda3/4.12.0
-                          conda activate workflow_tools
-
-                          ${WORKSPACE}/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh
-                      '''
-                    }
-                }
-                
-               stage('Run UFS Workflow tools on Hera') {
-                   agent {
-                       label "hera"
-                   }
-                   steps {
-                       cleanWs()
-                       checkout changelog: false, poll: false, scm: scmGit(branches: [[name: 'develop']], extensions: [], gitTool: 'Default', userRemoteConfigs: [[url: 'https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools']])
-                       sh '''
-                       module use /scratch1/NCEPDEV/nems/role.epic/miniconda3/modulefiles
-                       module load miniconda3/4.12.0
-                       conda activate workflow_tools
-
-                       ${WORKSPACE}/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh
-                       '''
-                   }
-               }
-               stage('Run UFS Workflow tools on Orion') {
-                   agent {
-                       label "Orion"
-                   }
-                   steps {
-                       cleanWs()
-                       checkout changelog: false, poll: false, scm: scmGit(branches: [[name: 'develop']], extensions: [], gitTool: 'Default', userRemoteConfigs: [[url: 'https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools']])
-                       sh '''
-                       module use /work/noaa/epic-ps/role-epic-ps/miniconda3/modulefiles
-                       module load miniconda3/4.12.0
-                       conda activate workflow_tools
-
-                       ${WORKSPACE}/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh
-                       '''
-                   }
-               }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh b/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 047c042d8..000000000
--- a/.cicd/jobs/lint_and_test.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -ux
-
-# Setup PYTHONPATH for uwtools
-export PYTHONPATH=${PWD}:${PWD}/src
-
-# Check for pytest and pylint
-for pkg in pytest pylint ; do
-  if hash $pkg  2>/dev/null; then
-    echo "$pkg installed, moving on!".
-  else
-    echo "$pkg is not installed"
-    exit 1
-  fi
-done
-
-# Run tests
-pytest -k "not test_validate_yaml_salad" | tee -a ${WORKSPACE}/results.txt
-status=${PIPESTATUS[0]}
-test $status == 0 || ( echo "pytest failed" && exit $status )
-
-# Lint
-pylint --ignore-imports=y tests scripts src/uwtools
-status=$?
-test $status == 0 || ( echo "linting failed" && exit $status )
-
diff --git a/.github/CODEOWNERS b/.github/CODEOWNERS
index 8b058dbd9..6c04a87b5 100644
--- a/.github/CODEOWNERS
+++ b/.github/CODEOWNERS
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # See https://docs.github.com/en/repositories/managing-your-repositorys-settings-and-features/customizing-your-repository/about-code-owners
 
-# Side-wide code owners:
+# Code owners:
 
 * @NaureenBharwaniNOAA @christinaholtNOAA @elcarpenterNOAA @fgabelmannjr @maddenp-noaa @weirae
 
-# Documentation-system config owners:
+# Documentation owners:
 
 .readthedocs.yaml @christinaholtNOAA @jprestop @maddenp-noaa
 docs/* @christinaholtNOAA @jprestop @maddenp-noaa
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
index 83539d78b..d649b8e26 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.md
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Your desired feature may already have an issue created!
 If so, please consider using that Issue to expand on the feature capabilities or requirements.
 
 Your bug may have already been reported!
-Please look through the existing issues on the [Issue tracker](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/issues) to see if this issue has been created.
+Please look through the existing issues on the [Issue tracker](https://github.com/ufs-community/uwtools/issues) to see if this issue has been created.
 If so, please consider using that Issue to add any additional information.
 
 **Expected behavior**
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
index 9206fe28e..bef50a593 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature_request.md
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Please copy any output files into a Github gist (for e.g.) and link to the gist,
 If this is a bug, please consider using the [Bug Report](./bug_report.md) template.
 Your issue may already have been created!
 
-Please look through the existing issues on the [Issue tracker](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/issues) to see if this issue has been created.
+Please look through the existing issues on the [Issue tracker](https://github.com/ufs-community/uwtools/issues) to see if this issue has been created.
 If so, please consider using that Issue to add any additional information.
 
 **Description**
diff --git a/.github/pull_request_template.md b/.github/pull_request_template.md
index 041d9ff60..ebb860eaf 100644
--- a/.github/pull_request_template.md
+++ b/.github/pull_request_template.md
@@ -1,61 +1,39 @@
 <!--
-- - -  I N S T R U C T I O N S  --  P L E A S E  R E A D  - - -
-Please remove boiler plate instructions when filling out this template.
-Please remove unwanted/unrelated/irrelevant information such as comments provided as a reference in this template.
-Use proper formatting to separate code snippets from text description e.g. use ```code block``` or `in-line code`.
-Please copy any output files into a Github gist (for e.g.) and link to the gist, rather than relying on paths on platforms that might change or disappear.
-
-Before opening a PR, please note these guidelines:
-
-- Each PR should only address ONE topic and have an associated GitHub issue
-- No hardcoded or paths to personal directories should be present
-- No temporary or backup files should be committed
-- Any code that was disabled by being commented out should be removed
-- Please provide a on-line, but descriptive title to the PR e.g. Adds XYZ functionality or Fixes ABC bugs, etc.  DO NOT use branch names as titles.
--->
 
-**Description**
+INSTRUCTIONS
 
-<!-- Please include relevant motivation and context. -->
-<!-- Please include a summary of the change and which issue is fixed. -->
-<!-- List any dependencies that are required for this change. -->
+- Please do not commit temporary, backup, or binary files.
+- Please remove commented-out code.
+- Please ensure code, config files, etc., contain no hardcoded paths.
+- Please format code snippets in PR description/comments with ```code block``` or `inline code`.
+- Please consider adding your own review comments to guide other reviewers.
 
-<!-- Please provide reference to the issue this pull request is addressing. -->
-<!-- For e.g. Fixes #IssueNumber -->
+-->
 
-**Type of change**
+**Synopsis**
 
-Please delete options that are not relevant.
+<!-- A summary of the change, including relevant motivation, context, useful links, etc. -->
 
-- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
-- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
-- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
-- [ ] This change requires a documentation update
+**Type**
 
-**How Has This Been Tested?**
+<!-- Select one or more -->
 
-<!-- Please describe the tests that you ran to verify your changes. -->
-<!-- Provide instructions so we can reproduce. -->
-<!-- Please also list any relevant details for your test configuration -->
+- [ ] Bug fix (corrects a known issue)
+- [ ] Code maintenance (refactoring, etc. without behavior change)
+- [ ] Documentation
+- [ ] Enhancement (adds a new functionality)
+- [ ] Tooling (CI, code-quality, packaging, revision-control, etc.)
 
-<!-- Use the following as a guide to list your tests and delete options that are not relevant. Expand as necessary. -->
-<!--
-- [ ] pytests in GitHub actions.
-- [ ] Tests on XYZ OS/HPC/CSP
--->
+**Impact**
 
-**Checklist**
+<!-- Select one -->
+
+- [ ] This is a non-breaking change (existing functionality continues to work as expected)
+- [ ] This is a breaking change (changes existing functionality)
 
-- [ ] My code follows the style guidelines of this project
-- [ ] I have performed a self-review of my own code
-- [ ] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
-- [ ] My changes need updates to the documentation.  I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
-- [ ] My changes generate no new warnings
-- [ ] New and existing tests pass with my changes
-- [ ] Any dependent changes have been merged and published
+**Checklist**
 
-<!-- 
- If there is a co-author attribution:
+<!-- Affirm -->
 
-Update the final commit message (when squashing and merging) to include  `Co-authored-by: name <name@example.com>` (e.g. `Co-authored-by: Jane Doe <jane_doe@example.com>`).  Each co-author must have their own line, and the email address used must be the email address connected with their GitHub account.
--->
+- [ ] I have added myself and any co-authors to the PR's _Assignees_ list.
+- [ ] I have reviewed the documentation and have made any updates necessitated by this change.
diff --git a/.github/scripts/build-documentation b/.github/scripts/build-documentation
deleted file mode 100755
index 1e37d576d..000000000
--- a/.github/scripts/build-documentation
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# Set up build environment.
-
-set -e
-source conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
-conda activate
-pip install sphinx sphinx-gallery sphinx_rtd_theme
-set +e
-
-# Path to docs directory relative to top level of repository. $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
-# is set if the actions/checkout@v2 action is run first.
-
-DOCS_DIR=$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/docs
-
-# Build the documentation.
-
-buildcmd="make -C $DOCS_DIR clean html"
-$buildcmd
-status=$?
-
-# Copy HTML output to create an artifact.
-
-dstdir=artifact/documentation
-mkdir -pv $dstdir
-cp -r $DOCS_DIR/_build/html/* $dstdir/
-
-# If the build failed and/or the warnings log has content, copy it to the
-# artifact and documentation directories, and print a report about issues that
-# were encountered during the build.
-
-warnings=$DOCS_DIR/_build/warnings.log
-
-if [[ $status != 0 || -s $warnings ]]; then
-  test $status -eq 0 && echo "ERROR: '$buildcmd' failed with status $status."
-  cp -v $warnings artifact/
-  cp -v $warnings $dstdir/
-  echo ERROR: Found warnings/errors!
-  echo Summary:
-  grep WARNING $warnings
-  grep ERROR $warnings
-  grep CRITICAL $warnings
-  echo Review this log file or download $(basename $warnings) artifact.
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-echo INFO: Documentation was built successfully.
diff --git a/.github/scripts/common.sh b/.github/scripts/common.sh
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1fa7255e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/common.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Shared resources for workflow scripts.
+
+CI_CONDA_DIR=/tmp/conda
+CI_CONDA_SH=$CI_CONDA_DIR/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
+
+ci_conda_activate() {
+  source $CI_CONDA_SH
+  conda activate
+}
diff --git a/.github/scripts/format-check.sh b/.github/scripts/format-check.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..5483487f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/format-check.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+set -a
+
+unformatted() {
+  set -x
+  make format
+  if [[ -n "$(git status --porcelain)" ]]; then
+    (set +x && echo UNFORMATTED CODE DETECTED)
+    return 1
+  fi
+  return 0
+}
+
+source $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/common.sh
+ci_conda_activate
+CONDEV_SHELL_CMD=unformatted condev-shell
diff --git a/.github/scripts/install-conda b/.github/scripts/install-conda
deleted file mode 100755
index bdd882f1e..000000000
--- a/.github/scripts/install-conda
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -eux
-
-url=https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/23.1.0-4/Miniforge3-23.1.0-4-Linux-x86_64.sh
-wget --no-verbose $url
-bash $(basename $url) -bfp conda
-(
-  set -e +ux
-  source conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
-  conda activate
-  conda install -q -y -c maddenp --repodata-fn repodata.json condev=0.4.0
-)
diff --git a/.github/scripts/install-conda.sh b/.github/scripts/install-conda.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..0051dfdff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/install-conda.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+set -ux
+source $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/common.sh
+url=https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/download/23.1.0-4/Miniforge3-23.1.0-4-Linux-x86_64.sh
+installer=/tmp/$(basename $url)
+wget --no-verbose -O $installer $url
+bash $installer -bfp $CI_CONDA_DIR
+set +ux
+ci_conda_activate
+conda install --quiet --yes --channel maddenp --repodata-fn repodata.json anaconda-client condev
diff --git a/.github/scripts/link-check.sh b/.github/scripts/link-check.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ba4faa457
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/link-check.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+set -a
+
+source $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/common.sh
+ci_conda_activate
+cd docs
+source install-deps
+make linkcheck
diff --git a/.github/scripts/make-package b/.github/scripts/make-package
deleted file mode 100755
index eb3426e9a..000000000
--- a/.github/scripts/make-package
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash -e
-
-source conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
-conda activate
-make package
diff --git a/.github/scripts/make-package.sh b/.github/scripts/make-package.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..4c25b5154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/make-package.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+source $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/common.sh
+ci_conda_activate
+set -x
+make package
diff --git a/.github/scripts/publish.sh b/.github/scripts/publish.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..ae7d66d2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/publish.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+source $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/common.sh
+ci_conda_activate
+set -ux
+f=recipe/meta.json
+glob="$(jq -r .name $f)-$(jq -r .version $f)-*_$(jq -r .buildnum $f).tar.bz2"
+for x in $(find conda/conda-bld -type f -name "$glob"); do
+  anaconda -t $ANACONDA_TOKEN upload $x
+done
diff --git a/.github/scripts/tag-check.sh b/.github/scripts/tag-check.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..225719892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/tag-check.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+set -ux
+f=recipe/meta.json
+tag=v$(jq -r .version $f)-$(jq -r .buildnum $f)
+if git ls-remote --tags origin | grep -q "/$tag$"; then
+  (set +x && echo TAG $tag ALREADY EXISTS)
+  exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/.github/scripts/tag-create.sh b/.github/scripts/tag-create.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..3289a8bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/tag-create.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+set -ux
+f=recipe/meta.json
+tag=v$(jq -r .version $f)-$(jq -r .buildnum $f)
+git tag $tag
+git push --tags
diff --git a/.github/scripts/test.sh b/.github/scripts/test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..91db8e3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/scripts/test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# Actions invokes script with: bash -e <script>
+
+set -a
+
+SUPPORTED_PYTHON_VERSIONS=( 3.9 3.10 3.11 )
+
+run_tests() {
+  echo TESTING PYTHON $PYTHON_VERSION
+  conda install --quiet --yes --repodata-fn repodata.json python=$PYTHON_VERSION
+  set -x
+  pip install --editable src # set new Python version in entry-point scripts
+  python --version
+  make test
+  return $?
+}
+
+source $(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/common.sh
+ci_conda_activate
+for version in ${SUPPORTED_PYTHON_VERSIONS[*]}; do
+  PYTHON_VERSION=$version
+  CONDEV_SHELL_CMD=run_tests condev-shell
+done
diff --git a/.github/workflows/docs.yaml b/.github/workflows/docs.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 58f816d3d..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/docs.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-name: Documentation
-on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-      - feature/*
-      - main/*
-      - bugfix/*
-    paths:
-      - docs/**
-  pull_request:
-    types: [opened, reopened, synchronize]
-jobs:
-  create_documentation:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: Deploy Documentation
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install conda
-        run:  .github/scripts/install-conda
-      - name: Build Documentation
-        run: .github/scripts/build-documentation
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-        if: always()
-        with:
-          name: Upload Documentation Artifacts
-          path: artifact/documentation
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
-        if: failure()
-        with:
-          name: Upload Warnings Log
-          path: artifact/doc_warnings.log
-          if-no-files-found: ignore
diff --git a/.github/workflows/make-package.yaml b/.github/workflows/make-package.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 0bb913b29..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/make-package.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-name: Make Package
-on:
-  pull_request:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-  workflow_dispatch:
-    branches:
-      - develop
-jobs:
-  make-package:
-    name: Make Package
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Install conda
-        run:  .github/scripts/install-conda
-      - name: Make Package
-        run:  .github/scripts/make-package
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yaml b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1acdc77cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+name: Release
+env:
+  ANACONDA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ANACONDA_TOKEN }}
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+jobs:
+  release:
+    name: Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Install conda
+        run:  .github/scripts/install-conda.sh
+      - name: Docs Link Check
+        run: .github/scripts/link-check.sh
+      - name: Format Check
+        run:  .github/scripts/format-check.sh
+      - name: Make Package
+        run:  .github/scripts/make-package.sh
+      - name: Check For Existing Tag
+        run:  .github/scripts/tag-check.sh
+      - name: Tag
+        run: .github/scripts/tag-create.sh
+      - name: Publish
+        run: .github/scripts/publish.sh
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yaml b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b885939d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: Test
+on:
+  pull_request:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches:
+      - develop
+jobs:
+  test:
+    name: Test
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Install conda
+        run:  .github/scripts/install-conda.sh
+      - name: Test
+        run:  .github/scripts/test.sh
+      - name: Format Check
+        run:  .github/scripts/format-check.sh
+      - name: Docs Link Check
+        run: .github/scripts/link-check.sh
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 7403e43c5..fa050f56e 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+*.DS_Store
 *.egg-info
+*.swp
 .coverage
 __pycache__
-*.swp
-*.DS_Store
diff --git a/.readthedocs.yaml b/.readthedocs.yaml
index 154b12b0d..6f543fdfd 100644
--- a/.readthedocs.yaml
+++ b/.readthedocs.yaml
@@ -1,15 +1,10 @@
-# Read the Docs configuration (see https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html)
-
-# The 'make meta' command makes recipe/meta.json available to doc-build logic.
+# See https://docs.readthedocs.io/en/stable/config-file/v2.html
 
 version: 2
 build:
   os: ubuntu-22.04
   tools:
     python: mambaforge-4.10
-  jobs:
-    pre_build:
-      - make meta
 conda:
   environment: docs/environment.yml
 sphinx:
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d89b0961d..9b321be28 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
 CHANNELS    = $(addprefix -c ,$(shell tr '\n' ' ' <$(RECIPE_DIR)/channels)) -c local
 METAJSON    = $(RECIPE_DIR)/meta.json
-RECIPEFILES = $(addprefix $(RECIPE_DIR)/,conda_build_config.yaml meta.yaml)
-TARGETS     = devshell env format lint meta package test typecheck unittest
+RECIPEFILES = $(addprefix $(RECIPE_DIR)/,meta.yaml)
+TARGETS     = clean-devenv devshell docs env format lint meta package test typecheck unittest
+
 
 export RECIPE_DIR := $(shell cd ./recipe && pwd)
 
-spec = $(call val,name)$(2)$(call val,version)$(2)$(call val,$(1))
-val  = $(shell jq -r .$(1) $(METAJSON))
+clean = $(shell $(CONDA_EXE) env remove -n DEV-$(call val,name))
+spec  = $(call val,name)$(2)$(call val,version)$(2)$(call val,$(1))
+val   = $(shell jq -r .$(1) $(METAJSON))
 
 .PHONY: $(TARGETS)
 
 all:
 	$(error Valid targets are: $(TARGETS))
 
+clean-devenv:
+	$(if $(filter DEV-$(call val,name),$(CONDA_DEFAULT_ENV)),$(error EXIT DEVSHELL FIRST),$(call clean))
+
 devshell:
 	condev-shell || true
 
+docs:
+	$(MAKE) -C docs docs
+
 env: package
 	conda create -y -n $(call spec,buildnum,-) $(CHANNELS) $(call spec,build,=)
 
@@ -24,6 +32,7 @@ format:
 	black src
 	isort src
 	cd src && docformatter . || test $$? -eq 3
+	for a in $$(find src -type f -name "*.jsonschema"); do b=$$(jq -S . $$a) && echo "$$b" >$$a || exit 1; done
 
 lint:
 	recipe/run_test.sh lint
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 6ac2b0adf..17e14ef57 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,142 +1,9 @@
-[![Documentation](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/actions/workflows/docs.yaml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/actions/workflows/docs.yaml)
+[![docs](https://readthedocs.org/projects/uwtools/badge/?version=main)](https://uwtools.readthedocs.io/en/main/?badge=main)
 
-# workflow-tools
+# uwtools
 
-Unified Workflow tools for use with applications with UFS and beyond
-
-## User Installation
-- If you are a Developer, skip the User Installation and continue on to the Development section
-
-The recommended installation mechanism uses the Python package and virtual-environment manager [conda](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/). Specifically, these instructions detail the use of the minimal [Miniforge](https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge) variant of [Miniconda](https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html), built to use, by default, packages from the [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org/) project. Users of the original Miniconda (or the [Anaconda](https://anaconda.org/) distribution) may need to add the flags `-c conda-forge --override-channels` to `conda build`, `conda create`, and `conda install` commands to specify the use of conda-forge packages.
-
-### Using a fresh Miniforge installation
-
-1. Download, install, and activate the latest [Miniforge3](https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge#download) for your system. If an existing conda (Miniforge, Miniconda, Anaconda, etc.) installation is available and writable, you may activate that and skip the first 5 recipe steps below.
-2. Install the `conda-build` and `conda-verify` packages into the base environment. If `conda-build` and `conda-verify` are already installed in the your installation's base environment, you may skip this step.
-3. In a clone of the [workflow-tools repository](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools), build and install the `uwtools` package.
-4. Activate the `uwtools` environment.
-
-This recipe uses the `aarch64` (64-bit ARM) Miniforge for Linux, and installs into `$HOME/conda`. Adjust as necessary for your target system.
-
-``` sh
-wget https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh
-bash Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh -bfp ~/conda
-rm Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh
-source ~/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
-conda activate
-conda install -y conda-build conda-verify
-cd /to/your/workflow-tools/clone
-conda build recipe
-conda create -y -n uwtools -c local uwtools
-conda activate uwtools
-```
-
-In future shells, you can activate and use this environment with
-
-``` sh
-source ~/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
-conda activate uwtools
-```
-
-Note that the `uwtools` package's actual name will contain version and build information, e.g. `uwtools-0.1.0-py_0`. The `conda create` command will find and use the most recent [semver](https://semver.org/)-compliant package name given the base name `uwtools`. It could also be explicitly specified as `uwtools=0.1.0=py_0`.
-
-## Development
-
-### Creating a development shell
-
-To create an interactive development `bash` shell:
-
-1. Download, install, and activate the latest [Miniforge3](https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge#download) for your system. If an existing conda (Miniforge, Miniconda, Anaconda, etc.) installation is available and writable, you may activate that and skip the first 5 recipe steps below.
-2. Install the [condev](https://github.com/maddenp/condev) package into the base environment.
-3. In a clone of the [workflow-tools repository](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools), create the development shell.
-
-This recipe uses the `aarch64` (64-bit ARM) Miniforge for Linux, and installs into `$HOME/conda`. Adjust as necessary for your target system.
-
-``` sh
-wget https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh
-bash Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh -bfp ~/conda
-rm Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh
-source ~/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
-conda activate
-conda install -y -c maddenp condev=0.5.3
-cd /to/your/workflow-tools/clone
-make devshell
-```
-
-If the above is successful, you will be in a `workflow-tools` development shell. See below for usage information. You may exit the shell with `exit` or `ctrl-d`.
-
-Future `make devshell` invocations will be almost instantaneous, as the underlying virtual environment will already exist. In general, all source code changes will be immediately live in the development shell, subject to execution, test, etc. But some changes -- especially to the contents of the `recipe/` directory, or to the `src/setup.py` module -- may require recreation of the development shell. If you know this is needed, or when in doubt: Exit the development shell, run `conda env remove -n DEV-uwtools` to remove the old environment, then run `make devshell` to recreate it.
-
-If your development shell misses any functionality you're used to in your main shell, you can create a `~/.condevrc` file, which will be sourced by `make devshell`. When in doubt, you might
-
-``` sh
-cat <<EOF >~/.condevrc
-source ~/.bashrc
-EOF
-```
-
-### Using a development shell
-
-In an active development shell, the following `make` targets are available and act on all `.py` files under `src/`:
-
-| Command          | Description                                                                                   |
-| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `make format`    | Format with `black` and `isort`                                                               |
-| `make lint`      | Lint with `pylint`                                                                            |
-| `make typecheck` | Typecheck with `mypy`                                                                         |
-| `make unittest`  | Run unit tests and report coverage with `pytest` and `coverage`                               |
-| `make test`      | Equivalent to `make lint && make typecheck && make unittest`, plus checks defined CLI scripts |
-
-Note that `make format` is never run automatically, to avoid reformatting under-development code in a way that might surprise the developer. A useful development idiom is to periodically run `make format && make test` to perform a full code-quality sweep through the code.
-
-The order of the targets above is intentionally, and possibly useful: `make format` will complain about certain kinds of syntax errors that would cause all the remaining code-quality tools to fail (and may change line numbers reported by other tools, if it ran after them); `make lint` provides a good first check for obvious errors and anti-patterns in the code; `make typecheck` offers a more nuanced look at interfaces between functions, methods, etc. and may spot issues that would cause `make unittest` to fail.
-
-The `make test` command is also automatically executed when `conda` builds a `uwtools` package, so it is important to periodically run these tests during development and, crucially, before merging changes, to ensure that the tests will pass when CI builds the `workflow-tools` code.
-
-In addition to the `make devshell` command, two other `make` targets are available for use *outside* a development shell, i.e. from the base conda environment (requires presence of the `condev` package):
-
-| Command          | Description                                                |
-| ---------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- |
-| `make package`   | Builds a `uwtools` conda package                           |
-| `make env`       | Creates a conda environment based on the `uwtools` code    |
-
-These targets work from the code in its current state in the clone. `make env` calls `make package` automatically to create a local package, then builds an environment based on the package.
-
-### Building condev locally
-
-As an alternative to installing a prebuilt package from [anaconda.org](https://anaconda.org/), the `condev` package can be built locally, then installed into the local conda installation. Ensure that `conda-build` and `conda-verify` are installed in the base environment.
-
-``` sh
-# Activate your conda
-git clone https://github.com/maddenp/condev.git
-make -C condev package
-conda install -y -c local condev
-```
-
-### Files derived from condev
-
-The following files in this repo are derived from their counterparts in the [condev demo](https://github.com/maddenp/condev/tree/main/demo):
-
-``` sh
-├── Makefile
-├── recipe
-│   ├── build.sh
-│   ├── channels
-│   ├── conda_build_config.yaml
-│   ├── .gitignore
-│   ├── meta.yaml
-│   └── run_test.sh
-├── src
-│   ├── pyproject.toml
-│   ├── setup.py
-```
-
-Behaviors described in previous sections may rely on these files continuing to follow `condev` conventions.
+Unified Workflow Tools for use with UFS applications and beyond
 
 ## Documentation
 
-Documentation is automatically generated through [Read the Docs](https://readthedocs.org/) when [develop](https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/tree/develop) is updated and available [here](https://unified-workflow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).
-
-[Developer Status](https://github.com/orgs/ufs-community/projects/1)
-
-[UW Tools Github Pages Site](https://ufs-community.github.io/workflow-tools/)
+Comprehensive documentation is available for [the development version](https://uwtools.readthedocs.io/en/develop/) and for [the latest release](https://uwtools.readthedocs.io/en/main/).
diff --git a/docs/.gitignore b/docs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a007feab0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+build/*
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/ci.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/ci.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index d34584dc6..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/ci.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _continuous_integration:
-
-*********************
-Continous Integration
-*********************
-
-We utilize GitHub Actions to run processes automatically when changes are
-pushed to GitHub. These tasks include:
-
-* Checking code quality
-
-* Running unit tests
-
-* Build and deploy documentation
-
-Workflow Control
-================
-GitHub Actions is controlled by a file in the .github/workflow directory
-called `tests.yaml`. If this file exists and is valid (no errors), GitHub
-Actions will read this file and trigger a workflow run if the triggering
-criteria is met. It can run multiple jobs in parallel or serially depending
-on dependency rules that can be set. Each job can run a series of commands
-or scripts called steps. Job steps can include “actions,” which can be used
-to perform tasks. Many useful actions are provided by GitHub and external
-collaborators. Developers can also write their own custom actions to perform
-complex tasks to simplify a workflow.
-
-
-Name
-----
-The name of a workflow can be specified to describe an overview of what is run.
-Currently, workflow-tools only has 1 workflow, but others can be added. The
-following line in the `tests.yml` file defines the workflow that runs all of the jobs:
-
-name: Run tests
-
-Event Control
--------------
-The “on” keyword is used to determine which events will trigger the workflow
-to run: 
-
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-Jobs
-----
-The “jobs” keyword is used to define the jobs that are run in the workflow.
-Each item under “jobs” is a string that defines the ID of the job. This value
-can be referenced within the workflow as needed.
-
-Job Control
-===========
-
-Default Behavior
-----------------
-
-**On Push**
-
-When a push to a `feature_*`, `bugfix_*`, `main_v*`, or `develop*` branch occurs, the
-default behavior is to run the following:
-
-* Build documentation
-
-* Update Docker image
-
-* Look for new input data
-
-* Run unit tests
-
-* Run any new use cases
-
-**On Pull Request**
-
-When a pull request is created into the `develop` branch or a `main_v*` branch,
-additional jobs are run in automation. In addition to the jobs run for a
-push, the scripts will:
-
-* Run all use cases
-
-* Compare use case output to truth data
-
-**On Push to Reference Branch**
-
-Branches with a name that ends with “-ref” contain the state of the repository
-that will generate output that is considered “truth” data. In addition to the
-jobs run for a normal push, the scripts will:
-
-* Run all use cases
-
-* Create/Update Docker data volumes that store truth data with the use case output
-
-
-Commit Message Keywords
------------------------
-The automation logic reads the commit message for the last commit before a push.
-Keywords in the commit message can override the default behavior. Here is a list
-of the currently supported keywords and what they control:
-
-* ci-skip-all: Don’t run anything - skip all automation jobs
-
-* ci-skip-use-cases: Don’t run any use cases
-
-* ci-run-all-cases: Run all use cases
-
-* ci-run-diff: Obtain truth data and run diffing logic
-
-* ci-only-docs: Only run build documentation job - skip the rest
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_coverage.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_coverage.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ed11a7957..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_coverage.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _code_coverage:
-
-*************
-Code Coverage
-*************
-
-Details coming soon!
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_format.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_format.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 159705b9f..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_format.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _code_format:
-
-***********
-Code Format
-***********
-* Python code style guidelines are outlined in `PEP8 <https://pep8.org>`__. 
-* `Doxygen <http://www.doxygen.nl/>`__, `Python
-  docstrings <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/>`__, and
-  `Sphinx <http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/>`__ are used for documentation.
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_quality.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_quality.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 970d9a7cb..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/code_quality.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _code_quality:
-
-************
-Code Quality
-************
-
-* Coming soon
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/directory_tree.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/directory_tree.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b109d97d..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/directory_tree.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-**************
-Directory Tree
-**************
-
-Goals
-=====
-* No conflicts between different packages in their external packages
-* No circular dependencies
-* If a user/developer introduces a new dependency, they need to add an entry in `environment.yaml` and `setup.cfg`. 
-* GitHub actions should test `setup.cfg` and `environment.yaml` to ensure that our code runs correctly. 
-* Packages should adhere to the following generic structure as appropriate:
-
-Sample package structure::
-
-   pkg
-   ├── __init__.py
-   ├── module1.py
-   └── subpkg
-     ├── __init__.py
-     └── module2.py
-      
-* Tests follow a similar structure to code.
-
-* Workflow tools are standalone pieces of code that can be used with other tools.
-  
-* Helpers can be utilized by any tool/code at any level.
-  
-* New tools should be added as subpackages of `uwtools`.
-
-* New helpers should be added as modules of helpers.
-
-Sample Structure::
-
-  tests
-   ├── test_utils
-   │    ├── __init__.py
-   │    ├── test_logger.py
-   │    └── test_errors.py
-   ├── test_scheduler
-   │    ├── __init__.py
-   │    └── test_slurm.py
-   ├── test_runners
-   │    ├── __init__.py
-   │    └── test_forecast.py
-  uwtools
-   ├── __init__.py
-   ├── scheduler
-   │    ├── __init__.py
-   │    ├── scheduler.py
-   │    └── slurm.py
-   ├── config_parser
-   │    ├── __init__.py
-   │    └── config_parser.py 
-  runners
-   ├── __init__.py
-   │    └── forecast.py
-  helpers
-   └── __init__.py
-        ├──logger.py
-        └──exceptions.py
-   
-Examples of how to import this structure
-In **scheduler.py**::
-
-  import ..helpers.logger as logger
-
-From an external source::
-
-  import uwtools.helpers.logger as logger
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/documentation.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/documentation.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 5f3185c08..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/documentation.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _documentation:
-
-*************
-Documentation
-*************
-
-Documentation Overview
-======================
-
-The majority of the documentation is created using the Sphinx documentation
-generator tool, which was originally created for Python documentation.  The
-documentation is created using reStructuredText (reST). This
-`link <https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/basics.html>`_
-provides a brief introduction to reST concepts and syntax. It is intended to give
-authors enough information to create and modify the documents productively.
-
-
-
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/github_workflow.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/github_workflow.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index f7262a943..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/github_workflow.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,385 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _github_workflow:
-
-***************
-GitHub Workflow
-***************
-
-How Unified Workflow Releases Are Created
-=========================================
-
-The branching model employed by the workflow-tools GitHub repository is similar to
-that described in
-`A successful Git branching model <https://nvie.com/posts/a-successful-git-branching-model/>`__,
-where new or updated code is created on a 'feature' branch that is based on
-the `workflow-tools GitHub 'develop' branch <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/tree/develop>`__.
-Developers should create an issue for each feature they plan to work on. 
-
-The feature branch is named after the corresponding GitHub issue:
-
-   *feature/<Github Issue number>_<some_descriptive_name>*
-
-
-Sequence of Events - Contributing Code
-======================================
-
-Prerequisites
----------------
-
-The user must set up a GitHub repository account if one does not already exist.
-Log into the account. For more information about GitHub accounts, please refer
-to the GitHub Documentation on
-`GitHub accounts <https://help.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/signing-up-for-a-new-github-account>`__.
-
-
-Workflow Overview
------------------
-
-A contributor to Unified Workflow will do the following:
-
-1.  Create a GitHub Issue to track the new contribution.
-
-2.  Generate a feature branch from the ‘develop’ branch for new development.
-
-3.  Make changes to code in the feature branch.
-
-4.  Commit changes to feature branch (limit one change per commit).
-
-5.  Push the feature branch to GitHub.
-
-6.  Open a pull request from the feature branch to the 'develop' branch.
-
-7.  Clean up after pull request has been merged by an authorized developer.
-
-
-Create a GitHub Issue that reflects what needs to be done
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-* Go to the `workflow-tools repository <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools>`__  and
-  click on the `Issues link <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/issues>`__.
-
-* Click on the green **New issue** button.
-
-* Write a description of the task and attach appropriate values to **Assignee**,
-  **Labels**, and **Milestone** links located on the right-hand side of the page.
-
-
-
-Generate a feature branch from the 'develop' branch for new development
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-* Create a feature branch in the ufs-community/workflow-tools GitHub repository 
-  following this naming convention: *feature/<Github Issue number>_<some_descriptive_name>*
-
-  For example, for GitHub issue #777 that creates new wrapper, xyz, 
-  the feature branch would be named: *feature_777_wrapper_xyz*
-
-* Create your feature branch based off the 'develop' branch
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git checkout develop
-
-* Verify that you are currently working in the 'develop' branch by running
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git branch
-
-  You should see something like the following:
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    * develop
-    main_v3.1
-
-  The asterisk, "*", indicates the currently active branch.
-
-* At the command line, create and checkout the feature branch. For example:
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git checkout -b feature_777_wrapper_xyz
-
-  replacing *feature_777_wrapper_xyz* with your feature branch name.
-
-* Verify that you are working in the correct branch by running:
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git branch
-
-  You should see something like the following:
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    develop
-    main_v3.1
-    * feature_777_wrapper_xyz
-
-  where the asterisk, "*", indicates which branch is currently in use/checked out.
-
-
-Make changes to code in the feature branch
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Users should make changes to their feature branch and commit changes to their
-local repository.
-
-* Provide some tests for your code using the pytest framework, provide user documentation
-  describing what the code does, and provide any necessary data.
-
-* Keep your feature branch in sync. While working, it is highly likely that changes are occurring in
-  the original repository.  This may impact your work.  Regularly use the following commands
-  to keep your branch in sync with the original repository.
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git pull upstream develop
-    git push origin develop
-    git merge origin develop
-
-  The first command pulls changes from the original repository (the
-  `workflow-tools GitHub repository <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools>`__
-  that you see when you run *git remote -v* and that you set to upstream in
-  step 4 above). The second command pushes those changes to your forked
-  repository. The third command will merge the local 'develop' branch into
-  the feature branch.
-
-   .. COMMENT: What does "step 4 above" reference? 
-      I don't see anything saying how to set an upstream remote. 
-
-Commit changes to feature branch
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Commit any new files by running the following. Run the *'git add'* command
-only if this file is newly created and does not yet exist in your repository.
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   git add <filename>
-   git commit <filename>
-
-Replace `<filename>` with the filename.
-
-A popup window will appear, where you will enter a description of this
-commit, using the editor you selected when you set up your Git account.
-Please refer to the
-`Git Setup <https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-First-Time-Git-Setup>`__
-documentation on configuring your Git account.
-
-For the first line of your commit comment, enter a brief description, such
-as the GitHub issue number and a brief description. On the second and
-subsequent lines, provide a detailed description of the changes/additions
-you made.
-
-.. note::
-   It is best practice to commit one change per commit, rather than
-   wait until you have multiple changes to include in one commit.
-
-Push the feature branch to GitHub
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Run the following:
-
-.. code-block:: ini
-
-   git push origin <feature_777_wrapper_xyz>
-
-replacing *feature_777_wrapper_xyz* with your feature branch name, to push
-your changes to the origin (i.e., to your
-*https://github.com/<your-github-user>/ufs-community/workflow-tools* repository).
-
-Open a pull request using a browser
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-To request to have your changes incorporated into the remote repository
-(i.e., the `GitHub Unified Workflow repository <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools>`__),
-you will need to open a pull request. 
-An authorized Unified Workflow developer will need to approve the request and
-then merge your files into the repository's 'develop' branch. The 'develop'
-branch will be used to create a future Unified Workflow release.
-
-* In your browser, navigate to
-  *https://github.com/<your-github-user>/ufs-community/workflow-tools* replacing
-  <your-github-user> with your GitHub username.
-
-* Click on the green 'Compare & pull request' button. 
-  A web page with four grey buttons should appear:
-
-    * On the left-most button (for setting the base repository), make sure
-      you have selected 'base repository:ufs-community/workflow-tools'
-
-    * For the base button, make sure you have selected 'base:develop'
-
-    * For the head repository button, make sure you have selected
-      'head repository:<your-github-user>/workflow-tools' where
-      <your-github-user> is your GitHub account name.
-
-    * For the compare button, make sure you have selected
-      'compare:<your_feature_branch>' where <your_feature_branch> corresponds
-      to the feature branch where you have been making your changes
-      (e.g., *feature_777_wrapper_xyz*).
-
-    * In the 'write' window, follow the directions and fill in the template. 
-      Add any additional comments/details. When filling in the template,
-      users will need to "Define the PR metadata, as permissions allow.
-      Select: **Reviewer(s), Project(s)**, and **Milestone**." When selecting a
-      reviewer, internal contributors submitting pull requests should select
-      the appropriate reviewer(s) and let the reviewer know that the pull
-      request has been assigned to them.
-      
-    * When everything looks satisfactory, click on the green 'Create pull
-      request' button.
-
-    * An authorized developer will accept the pull request (if
-      everything meets acceptance criteria) and merge your code into the remote
-      repository's 'develop' branch.
-
-Approve a pull request using a browser
---------------------------------------
-
-Submitting a pull request allows a user to propose changes, request a
-review of the contributions, and have the proposed changes merged into a
-different branch. Pull requests allow the reviewer to see the differences
-in the content from both branches.
-
-For issues with sub-tasks, it may be desirable to get some changes into the
-'develop' branch sooner, rather than later. If the changes seem to make sense
-on their own and don't rely on other sub-tasks to be complete, creating a pull
-request for a sub-task may make sense. If a sub-task does rely on other
-sub-tasks to be complete, then it may be best to wait to create a pull request
-until the other sub-tasks are also complete.
-
-
-Approving a pull request
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-1.  Click on the “Pull requests” tab in the GitHub repository and
-    click on the assigned pull request.
-2.  Ensure the continuous integration (CI) tests from
-    `GitHub Actions <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/actions>`__ have
-    passed. See "All checks have passed" in the figure below. If the tests
-    were not successful or if there are conflicts with the base branch,
-    ask the requestor to make changes.
-
-    .. figure:: ../figure/checks_pass_no_conflicts.png
-    
-3.  Take a look at the description of the testing already performed for
-    these changes, and then see what the recommended testing is for the
-    reviewer to perform.
-4.  Perform any testing that is requested of the reviewer.
-5.  Check to ensure the correct "base" branch is selected. In most cases, the
-    "base" branch will be the "develop" branch.
-6.  Click on the “Files Changed” tab to review the differences in code
-    between the “base” branch and the “compare” branch.
-7.  Review each file and ensure that the changes seem reasonable.
-
-    A reviewer can suggest changes be made by:
-    
-    a. Mousing over the line to comment on.
-
-    
-         A blue box with a plus will appear. Click on the blue box.
-
-         Click on the icon of a paper with +/- to “Insert a Suggestion”.  The line
-         will be quoted and the reviewer can enter their suggestion below. Then, click on
-         the “Add Single Comment” button, so that the requestor will get an
-         email letting them know the reviewer has made a suggested change.
-
-    b. Alternatively, a reviewer can edit the file directly on the web by clicking on the
-       “...” icon (three dots) in the right hand corner next to the
-       “Viewed” icon and select “Edit file”. 	
-
-
-8.  Ensure the requestor has made all necessary documentation updates.
-
-9.  Ensure the requestor has made all necessary testing updates.
-
-10.  If any changes were made, note that the CI tests will rerun.
-     Before moving on, make sure "All checks have passed" and make sure
-     “This branch has no conflicts with the base branch”. Let the requestor
-     know if the checks do not pass or if there is a conflict with the base
-     branch so that they can make the necessary changes.
-
-11.  A reviewer has three possible options:
-
-     * **Comment**: Submit general feedback without explicitly approving the
-       changes or requesting additional changes.
-     
-     * **Approve**: Submit feedback and approve merging the changes proposed in
-       the pull request.
-
-     * **Request changes**: Submit feedback that must be addressed before the
-       pull request can be merged.
-	    
-
-     A reviewer should click on "Review changes", add comments to
-     the "Write box", select either  "Comment", "Approve",
-     or "Request Changes", and then click on "Submit Review".
-
-12. Once the recommended testing is complete and any necessary changes have
-    been made, approve the request.
-					  
-
-Merging pull requests
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Once the pull request has been approved it is ready to be merged.  **As
-permissions allow, the requestor is responsible for merging the pull request
-once it has been approved.**
-
-
-There are three merge methods to choose from: "Create a merge commit",
-"Squash and merge", and "Rebase and merge". It is recommended to use the
-**Squash and merge** method because all of the merge request’s commits are
-combined into one and a clean history is retained. Click on the chosen merge
-method.  
-
-After merging, the requestor can then decide whether or not to delete the branch.
-
-
-If the requestor wishes to delete the “compare” branch, the “Delete branch”
-button should be selected and the corresponding GitHub issue should be closed.
-
-
-Clean up after a successfully merged pull request
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-After an authorized developer has accepted your changes and merged
-them into the 'develop' branch of the repository, update your local clone by pulling changes
-from the original repository (i.e., the `Unified Workflow 'develop' branch <https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/tree/develop>`__):
-
-* Checkout your 'develop' branch.
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git checkout develop
-
-* Verify that you are now working from the 'develop' branch.
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git branch
-
-* Merge changes from the upstream 'develop' branch with your local 'develop' branch.
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git pull upstream develop
-
-* Your local cloned repository should now have all the latest changes from the
-  original repository's 'develop' branch.
-
-  Now you can delete your feature branch:
-
-  .. code-block:: ini
-
-    git branch -D <branch name>
-    git push --delete origin <branch name>
-
-  where <branch name> is your feature branch name, e.g., *feature_777_wrapper_xyz*.
-
-  You can verify that your feature branch has been successfully removed/deleted
-  via your web browser. Navigate to *https://github.com/<your-github-user>/ufs-community/workflow-tools*,
-  replacing <your-github-user> with your GitHub username, and under the 'Branch'
-  pulldown menu, you should no longer find your feature branch as a selection.
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/index.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/index.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index a4501f938..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/index.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-###################
-Contributor's Guide
-###################
-
-
-.. toctree::
-   :titlesonly:
-   :numbered:
-
-   introduction
-   code_coverage
-   github_workflow
-   code_quality
-   testing
-   code_format
-   directory_tree
-   ci
-   documentation
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/introduction.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/introduction.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f14c4ce8..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/introduction.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-************
-Introduction
-************
-
-Check out our Contributor's Guide to see all the ways you can participate in
-the Unified Workflow community.
-
-Here, you'll find additional information that might be helpful as you work on
-a pull request in this repository.
-
-* :ref:`Code Coverage <code_coverage>` - Code coverage and analysis
-* :ref:`GitHub Workflow <github_workflow>` - GitHub Workflow
-* :ref:`Code Quality <code_quality>` - Code Quality Check
-* :ref:`Testing <testing>` - How our code testing is implemented
-* :ref:`Code Format <code_format>` - How our code documentation is done 
-* :ref:`Continous Integration <continuous_integration>` - How our Continous
-  Integration works
-* :ref:`Documentation <documentation>` - How to format the documentation
diff --git a/docs/Contributors_Guide/testing.rst b/docs/Contributors_Guide/testing.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 1c2c4c2a4..000000000
--- a/docs/Contributors_Guide/testing.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-
-.. _testing:
-
-*******
-Testing
-*******
-
-Test scripts are found in the GitHub repository in the `src/tests` directory
-
-Unit Tests
-==========
-
-* Unit tests are run with pytest.
diff --git a/docs/Makefile b/docs/Makefile
index 81e784944..1aceb03fe 100644
--- a/docs/Makefile
+++ b/docs/Makefile
@@ -1,25 +1,24 @@
-# Minimal makefile for Sphinx documentation
-#
+BUILDDIR     = build
+LINKCHECKDIR = $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck
+SOURCEDIR    = .
+SPHINXBUILD  = sphinx-build
+SPHINXOPTS   = -a -n -W
 
-# You can set these variables from the command line, and also
-# from the environment for the first two.
-SPHINXOPTS    ?= -n
-SPHINXBUILD   ?= sphinx-build
-SOURCEDIR     = .
-BUILDDIR      = _build
+.PHONY: help clean docs linkcheck
 
-# Put it first so that "make" without argument is like "make help".
 help:
-	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O)
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M help $(SOURCEDIR) $(BUILDDIR) $(SPHINXOPTS)
 
-# Sphinx doesn't know to clean out the debris from sphinx-gallery
 clean:
-	rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/*
+	$(RM) -rv $(BUILDDIR)
 
-.PHONY: help Makefile
+docs:
+	$(MAKE) linkcheck
+	$(MAKE) html
 
-# Catch-all target: route all unknown targets to Sphinx using the new
-# "make mode" option.  $(O) is meant as a shortcut for $(SPHINXOPTS).
-%: Makefile
-	[ -d $(BUILDDIR) ] || mkdir -p $(BUILDDIR)
-	@$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ "$(SOURCEDIR)" "$(BUILDDIR)" $(SPHINXOPTS) $(O) -w "$(BUILDDIR)/warnings.log"
+linkcheck:
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(SPHINXOPTS) -c $(CURDIR) $(CURDIR) build/linkcheck
+
+%:
+	mkdir -pv $(BUILDDIR)
+	$(SPHINXBUILD) -M $@ $(SOURCEDIR) $(BUILDDIR) $(SPHINXOPTS) -w $(BUILDDIR)/warnings.log
diff --git a/docs/README.md b/docs/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f9f87104b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+To install into a development shell the dependencies needed to build docs:
+
+```
+source install-deps
+```
+
+To build docs:
+
+```
+make docs
+```
+
+To view docs in browser, visit URL
+
+```
+file://<path-to-this-directory>/build/html/index.html
+```
diff --git a/docs/Users_Guide/getting_started.rst b/docs/Users_Guide/getting_started.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index ddf7075b2..000000000
--- a/docs/Users_Guide/getting_started.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,231 +0,0 @@
-.. _getting_started:
-
-***************
-Getting Started
-***************
-
-.. _dependencies:
-
-------------------------
-Package Dependencies
-------------------------
-
-.. role:: raw-html(raw)
-   :format: html	  
-
-.. list-table:: UW Tools Requirements
-  :widths: auto
-  :header-rows: 1
-		
-  * - Name
-    - Version
-    - Source
-    - Description 
-
-  * - boto3
-    - >=1.22.13
-    - https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/boto3
-    - 
-        allows Python developers to write software 
-        that makes use of services like Amazon 
-        S3 and Amazon EC2
-  * - black
-    -
-    -
-    -
-
-  * - f90nml
-    - >=1.4.3
-    - https://pypi.org/project/f90nml/
-    -   provides a simple interface for 
-        reading, writing, and modifying Fortran 
-        namelist files
-
-  * - Jinja2
-    - 3.0.0
-    - https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/3.1.x/
-    -   templating tool
-
-  * - numpy
-    - >=1.21.6
-    - https://numpy.org/
-    -   library used for scientific computing
-
-  * - pylint
-    - 
-    - https://pypi.org/project/pylint/
-    -   static code analyzer that checks for  
-        errors and enforces coding standards
- 
-  * - pytest
-    - 
-    - https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.2.x/
-    -   testing framework
-
-  * - pyyaml
-    - >=6.0
-    - https://pypi.org/project/PyYAML/
-    -   YAML parser
-
-  * - tox
-    -
-    -
-    -
-    
-.. _new_installation:
-
--------------------
-Installation [#f1]_
--------------------
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Using a Python Environment
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Users may follow the instructions provided in this section to install conda and/or create virtual environments for their projects. These steps are not required to install or run the Unified Workflow Tools package (``uwtools``). However, use of conda virtual environments can make it easier to work on multiple projects with conflicting dependencies on the same machine. Go to :numref:`Section %s <new_uwinstall>` to skip directly to ``uwtools`` installation. 
-
-^^^^^
-conda
-^^^^^
-
-Conda is a package manager and environment management system for Python and other programming languages. You can use conda to create isolated environments for your projects, which can help you manage dependencies and package versions. 
-
-To create a conda environment from the workflow-tools provide
-environment.yaml file, follow these steps:
-
-#. Make sure you have conda installed on your system. If not, you can install it from the official website (https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/miniconda.html) or using your operating system's package manager.
-
-#. Open a terminal or command prompt and navigate to the directory where you want to create the conda environment.
-
-#. Use the ``conda env create`` command to create a new conda environment. Specifically for workflow-tools type::
-
-      conda env create -f environment.yaml
-
-#. This will create a new conda environment called ``workflow_tools``, using the specified version of Python.
-
-#. To activate the conda environment, use the following command::
-
-      conda activate workflow_tools
-
-#. You should now see ``( workflow_tools )`` in the terminal prompt, indicating that the environment is active.
-
-#. To deactivate the conda environment, use the following command::
-
-      conda deactivate
-
-#. You can now use the conda environment as a sandbox for your projects,
-   installing packages and running scripts without affecting the global
-   Python environment. The ``workflow_tools`` environment has all the
-   packages needed, but if you'd like to install others, you can.  To
-   install packages in the conda environment, activate the conda
-   environment. Then use the conda install command, followed by the
-   package name. For example::
-
-      conda install numpy
-
-   This will install the ``numpy`` package in the active conda environment.
-   Running the commands below for installing ``uwtools`` will install all
-   the necessary packages, so there is no need to install those manually
-   in this step.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^
-virtualenv
-^^^^^^^^^^
-
-A virtual environment is a tool used to isolate specific Python environments on a single machine, allowing you to work on multiple projects with different packages and package versions. 
-
-To create a virtual environment, follow these steps:
-
-#. Make sure you have Python and the ``venv`` module installed on your system. If not, you can install them from the official website (https://www.python.org/) or using your operating system's package manager.
-
-#. Open a terminal or command prompt and navigate to the directory where you want to create the virtual environment.
-
-#. Use the ``python3 -m venv`` command to create a new virtual environment. Replace ``myenv`` with the name you want to give to your virtual environment::
-
-      python3 -m venv myenv
-
-#. This will create a new directory called ``myenv``, which contains the files for the virtual environment.
-
-#. To activate the virtual environment, use the following command::
-
-      source myenv/bin/activate
-
-#. You should now see the name of your virtual environment in the terminal prompt, indicating that it is active.
-
-#. To deactivate the virtual environment, use the following command::
-
-      deactivate
-
-#. You can now use the virtual environment as a sandbox for your Python projects, installing packages and running scripts without affecting the global Python environment.
-
-
-.. _new_uwinstall:
-
--------------------
-The uwtools package
--------------------
-
-To install the ``workflow-tools`` repository from GitHub, follow these steps:
-
-#. Make sure you have Git installed on your system. If not, you can install it from the official website (https://git-scm.com/) or use your operating system's package manager.
-
-#. Open a terminal or command prompt and navigate to the directory where you want to install the repository.
-
-#. Use the following command to clone the repository::
-
-      git clone https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools.git
-
-#. This will create a new directory called ``workflow-tools`` in the current directory, containing the files from the repository.
-
-#. Switch to the ``workflow-tools`` directory by using the ``cd`` command::
-
-      cd workflow-tools
-
-#. The repository supports users by providing conda and virtualenv recipes in its top level directory. The user should choose one of these methods for installing the necessary packages to support ``workflow-tools``.
-
-   To install with pip and virtualenv, with your virtualenv activated::
-
-      pip install -r requirements.txt
-
-   To install a conda environment for use with the uwtools package,
-   follow the directions in the conda section above.
-
-
-#. The workflow-tools repository is not currently packaged (i.e., for a pip or conda installation). To point to your local installation, start by typing the following, substituting <workflow-tools location> with the location of your :
-
-      export PYTHONPATH=<workflow-tools location>/src:$PYTHONPATH
-
-   This will install all the necessary packages for the tools to run.
-
-#. You can now use the tools by running the appropriate scripts. For example, to use the templater tool, you can run the following command::
-
-      python scripts/templater.py -h
-
-   As of April 6, 2023, the output from this command is::
-
-      usage: templater.py [-h] [-o OUTFILE] -i INPUT_TEMPLATE [-c CONFIG_FILE] [-d] [--values-needed] [-v] [-q] [KEY=VALUE ...]
-
-      Update a Jinja2 Template with user-defined settings.
-
-      positional arguments:
-      KEY=VALUE Any number of configuration settings that will override values found in YAML or user environment.
-
-      optional arguments:
-      -h, --help show this help message and exit
-      -o OUTFILE, --outfile OUTFILE
-      Full path to output file
-      -i INPUT_TEMPLATE, --input-template INPUT_TEMPLATE
-      Path to a Jinja2 template file.
-      -c CONFIG_FILE, --config-file CONFIG_FILE
-      Optional path to a YAML configuration file. If not provided, os.environ is used to configure.
-      -d, --dry-run If provided, print rendered template to stdout only
-      --values-needed If provided, print a list of required configuration settings to stdout
-      -v, --verbose If provided, print all logging messages.
-      -q, --quiet If provided, print no logging messages
-
-   .. note:: 
-
-      Additional flags/option may be added at any time. The development team will rarely remove or change flag, but this may also happen from time to time. 
-
-.. [#f1] The contents of the Installation Guide have been compiled with
-   the help of OpenAI.
diff --git a/docs/Users_Guide/index.rst b/docs/Users_Guide/index.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 1a5752e03..000000000
--- a/docs/Users_Guide/index.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-############
-User's Guide
-############
-
-**Foreword: A Note to Unified Workflow Users**
-
-This User's Guide is provided as an aid to users of the Unified Workflow.
-The Unified Workflow is a set of tools intended to unify the workflow
-for various UFS applications under one framework. Introducing and
-implementing a unified set of workflow tools reduces the chances of
-everyone reinventing the wheel and facilitates collaboration and development
-across the UFS community. If the same tools, framework, and standards are
-used across multiple applications, gaining familiarity
-with one application will hopefully enable users and developers to gain some familiarity
-with other applications.
-
-It is important to note here that the Unified Workflow is an evolving software
-package. This documentation describes the `develop` branch, which includes features from the most recent |release|
-release dated |release_date| and updates since that release.
-
-**Table of Contents**
-
-.. toctree::
-   :titlesonly:
-   :numbered:
-
-   introduction
-   getting_started
-   working_with_templates
-   working_with_config
-
-**Disclaimer**
-
-Copyright |copyright|.
-
-The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) GitHub project code is provided
-on an "as is" basis and the user assumes responsibility for its use. DOC has
-relinquished control of the information and no longer has responsibility to
-protect the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of the information. Any
-claims against the Department of Commerce stemming from the use of its GitHub
-project will be governed by all applicable Federal law. Any reference to
-specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark,
-manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply their endorsement,
-recommendation or favoring by the Department of Commerce. The Department of
-Commerce seal and logo, or the seal and logo of a DOC bureau, shall not be
-used in any manner to imply endorsement of any commercial product or activity
-by DOC or the United States Government.
-
-
-**Citations**
-
-The citation for this User's Guide should be:
-
-|author_list|, |release_year|: The Unified Workflow Version |version| User's Guide.
-Available at: https://unified-workflow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Users_Guide/index.html
-
-**Acknowledgments**
-
-This documentation borrows heavily from METplus documentation where relevant. 
-The Unified Workflow Team would like to thank the METplus development team's contributions, which laid the foundation for this documentation. 
diff --git a/docs/Users_Guide/introduction.rst b/docs/Users_Guide/introduction.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e18c42d63..000000000
--- a/docs/Users_Guide/introduction.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-.. _introduction:
-
-*******************
-Introduction
-*******************
-
-.. _overview:
-
---------
-Overview
---------
-
-The Unified Workflow is an expanding toolbox of standalone tools that can be applied to common technical challenges faced in the implementation of any numerical weather prediction (NWP) workflow. The tools are Python-based and give users consistent, easy-to-use interfaces to help create and maintain a host of NWP workflows. The User's Guide provides an overview of the current state of supported tools that are ready for use.
-
-.. _tools:
-
----------
-The Tools
----------
-
-.. _at_parse_to_jinja2:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-atparse_to_jinja2.py
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-This tool turns any *atparse*-enabled template into a Jinja2-enabled template for backward compatibility with many existing UFS components and applications.
-
-.. _templater:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-templater.py
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``templater.py`` takes in any Jinja2 template file and renders it with user-supplied values. The user-supplied values can be YAML files, INI files, Fortran namelists, or environment variables. 
-
-.. _set_config:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-set_config.py
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``set_config.py`` transforms a "base" config file into a fully formed, app-ready file that is fully configurable by the end user. It allows input 
-configurations in three formats---YAML, INI, or Fortran namelist---and integrates all formats with Jinja2 templates to enable cross-referencing keys, performing math options, or introducing Jinja2-supported control structures in the definition of values.
-
-The user can supply values to overwrite any settings in the "base" configuration via YAML, INI, Fortran namelist, or environment variable. Input and output types need not be the same---for example, a Fortran namelist can be configured via a YAML config file.
-``set_config.py`` supports the creation of a ``field_table`` for the UFS Weather Model given a YAML file.
diff --git a/docs/Users_Guide/working_with_config.rst b/docs/Users_Guide/working_with_config.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index e9d4e9f51..000000000
--- a/docs/Users_Guide/working_with_config.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,184 +0,0 @@
-.. _working_with_config:
-
-******************************************
-Working with Standard Configuration Files
-******************************************
-
-.. _set_config.py:
-
--------------
-set_config.py
--------------
-
-This tool transforms a "base" config file into a fully formed, app-ready file that is fully configurable by the end user.
-
-.. _conf_inp_conf:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Input file and config file
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``set_config.py`` determines the input file type and creates a configuration object based on the input file type. If a user-defined configuration file is provided, it creates a configuration object for the user-defined configuration file and updates the values in the input configuration object.
-
-Sample input base file::
-
-  fruit: papaya
-  vegetable: eggplant
-  how_many: 17
-  dressing: ranch
-
-Sample config file::
-
-  fruit: papaya
-  how_many: 17
-  topping: crouton
-  size: large
-  meat: chicken
-
-To run ``set_config.py`` with an input and config file::
-
-    python scripts/set_config.py -i /<path-to-input-file>/sample_base.yaml -c /<path-to-config-file>/sample_config.yaml -o /<path-to-outfile>/sample_outfile.yaml
-
-The output is a fully formed config file:: 
-
-  fruit: papaya
-  vegetable: eggplant
-  how_many: 17
-  dressing: ranch
-  topping: crouton
-  size: large
-  meat: chicken
-
-.. _conf_field:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Generating a field table from YAML
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-To generate a field table from a YAML config base file using ``set_config.py``, the outfile must include ``field_table`` in the outfile name. 
-
-YAML base file::
-
-  sphum:
-    longname: specific humidity
-    units: kg/kg
-    profile_type: 
-      name: fixed
-      surface_value: 1.e30
-  liq_wat:
-    longname: cloud water mixing ratio
-    units: kg/kg
-    profile_type: 
-      name: fixed
-      surface_value: 1.e30
-  rainwat:
-    longname: rain mixing ratio
-    units: kg/kg
-    profile_type: 
-      name: fixed
-      surface_value: 1.e30
-      
-Command with ``field_table`` outfile type specified::     
-
-    python scripts/set_config.py -i /<path-to-input-file>/sample_base_field.yaml -o /<path-to-outfile>/sample_field_table.FV3_GFS_v16
-    
-Generated field table::
-
-   "TRACER", "atmos_mod", "sphum"
-             "longname", "specific humidity"
-             "units", "kg/kg"
-         "profile_type", "fixed", "surface_value=1.e30" /
-   "TRACER", "atmos_mod", "liq_wat"
-             "longname", "cloud water mixing ratio"
-             "units", "kg/kg"
-         "profile_type", "fixed", "surface_value=1.e30" /
-   "TRACER", "atmos_mod", "rainwat"
-             "longname", "rain mixing ratio"
-             "units", "kg/kg"
-         "profile_type", "fixed", "surface_value=1.e30" /
-   
-.. _conf_dry:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-dry_run flag
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Running ``set_config.py`` with ``-d`` or ``--dry-run`` will print the config object to stdout only and provide no other output::
-
-        python scripts/set_config.py -i /<path-to-input-file>/sample_base.yaml -c /<path-to-config-file>/sample_config.yaml --dry-run
-
-The command above will generate the following output in the command line::
-
-  {"fruit": "papaya", "vegetable": "eggplant", "how_many": 17, "dressing": "ranch", "topping": "crouton", "size": "large", "meat": "chicken"}
-
-If the ``--dry-run`` flag is run with a user outfile included, it will generate a warning that the outfile will not be written.
-
-.. _conf_val_needed:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-values_needed flag
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-If provided, the ``values-needed`` flag will print to the stdout a list of which keys in the created config object are complete, which keys contain unfilled jinja templates, and which keys are set to empty. Config objects with nested keys will print a path to each key. Given the following YAML config object::
-
-  FV3GFS:
-    nomads:
-      protocol: download
-      url: https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/gfs.{{ yyyymmdd }}/{{ hh }}/atmos
-      file_names: &gfs_file_names
-        grib2:
-          anl:
-            - gfs.t{{ hh }}z.atmanl.nemsio
-            - gfs.t{{ hh }}z.sfcanl.nemsio
-          fcst:
-            - gfs.t{{ hh }}z.pgrb2.0p25.f{{ fcst_hr03d }}
-
-        nemsio: Null
-        testfalse: False
-        testzero: 0
-      testempty:
-
-the command:: 
-
-  python scripts/set_config.py -i /<path-to-input-file>/sample_base.yaml -c /<path-to-config-file>/sample_config.yaml --values-needed
-  
-will print the following to the stdout::
-
-  Keys that are complete:
-      FV3GFS
-      FV3GFS.nomads
-      FV3GFS.nomads.protocol
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.testfalse
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.testzero
-
-  Keys that have unfilled jinja2 templates:
-      FV3GFS.nomads.url
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2.anl
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2.fcst
-
-  Keys that are set to empty:
-      FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.nemsio
-      FV3GFS.nomads.testempty
-
-.. _conf_conversion:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Conversion flags
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``set_config.py`` has three flags that will convert given input, config, or outfile to the user-provided file type::
-    --input-file-type
-    --config-file-type
-    --outfile-file-type
-
-``--input-file-type`` and ``--config-file-type`` accept YAML ('YAML'), bash/ini ('INI'), or namelist ('NML') file types; ``--outfile-file-type`` accepts these three as well as field table ('FieldTable').  This tool requires that the given file (input, config, or outfile) have a compatible structure with the provided file type.  A YAML file can have any depth, a bash/ini file can have a depth of 1 or 2, and a namelist file must have a depth of 2.
-
-.. _conf_compare:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Compare flag
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-When run with the ``--compare`` flag, ``set_config.py`` will print the difference between the input file (``-i``) and the config file (``-c``) to the stdout.
diff --git a/docs/Users_Guide/working_with_templates.rst b/docs/Users_Guide/working_with_templates.rst
deleted file mode 100644
index 38027d3fe..000000000
--- a/docs/Users_Guide/working_with_templates.rst
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,250 +0,0 @@
-.. _working_with_templates:
-
-**************************
-Working with Templates 
-**************************
-
-.. _atp_j2:
-
----------------------
-atparse_to_jinja2
----------------------
-
-This tool turns any *atparse*-enabled template into a Jinja2-enabled template. For example, the following is an *atparse*-enabled template::
-
-  $ WAVEWATCH III multi-grid input file
-  $ ------------------------------------
-   @[NMGRIDS] @[NFGRIDS] @[FUNIPNT] @[IOSRV] @[FPNTPROC] @[FGRDPROC]
-  $
-  @[CPLILINE]
-  @[WINDLINE]
-  @[ICELINE]
-  @[CURRLINE]
-  @[UNIPOINTS]
-  @[WW3GRIDLINE]
-  $
-     @[RUN_BEG]   @[RUN_END]
-  $
-     @[FLAGMASKCOMP]  @[FLAGMASKOUT]
-  $
-
-``atparse_to_jinja2`` is called on the template from the command line::
-
-  python scripts/atparse_to_jinja2.py -i /<path-to-template>/enabled_template.inp.IN -o <path-to-outfile>/jinja2template.nml
-
-The resulting Jinja2-enabled template is written to the specified outfile, ``jinja2template.nml``::
-
-  $ WAVEWATCH III multi-grid input file
-  $ ------------------------------------
-   {{NMGRIDS}} {{NFGRIDS}} {{FUNIPNT}} {{IOSRV}} {{FPNTPROC}} {{FGRDPROC}}
-  $
-  {{CPLILINE}}
-  {{WINDLINE}}
-  {{ICELINE}}
-  {{CURRLINE}}
-  {{UNIPOINTS}}
-  {{WW3GRIDLINE}}
-  $
-     {{RUN_BEG}}   {{RUN_END}}
-  $
-     {{FLAGMASKCOMP}}  {{FLAGMASKOUT}}
-  $
-  
-The created ``jinja2template.nml`` file can also now be used with the ``templater.py`` tool.
-
-.. _templater.py:
-
-----------------
-templater.py
-----------------
-
-``templater.py`` takes in any Jinja2 template file and renders it with user-supplied values. ``templater.py`` takes several command line arguments, including the path to the Jinja2 template file, an optional 
-path to a YAML configuration file, and any additional configuration settings which will override values found in the YAML 
-configuration (config) file or user environment variables.  If the provided config settings do not contain values for every field in the input Jinja2 template file, ``templater.py`` will return an error.
-
-.. _temp_inp_conf:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Input file and config file
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Here is an example template file, ``jinja2template.nml``::
-
-  $ WAVEWATCH III multi-grid input file
-  $ ------------------------------------
-   {{NMGRIDS}} {{NFGRIDS}} {{FUNIPNT}} {{IOSRV}} {{FPNTPROC}} {{FGRDPROC}}
-  $
-  {{CPLILINE}}
-  {{WINDLINE}}
-  {{ICELINE}}
-  {{CURRLINE}}
-  {{UNIPOINTS}}
-  {{WW3GRIDLINE}}
-  $
-     {{RUN_BEG}}   {{RUN_END}}
-  $
-     {{FLAGMASKCOMP}}  {{FLAGMASKOUT}}
-  $
-
-And here is the example YAML config file we want to use to update the values in the template::
-
-  NMGRIDS: 3
-  NFGRIDS: 1
-  FUNIPNT: ' T'
-  IOSRV: 1
-  FPNTPROC: 'T'
-  FGRDPROC: ' T'
-  CPLILINE: "'glo_15mxt'"
-  WINDLINE: '$'
-  ICELINE: '$'
-  CURRLINE: '$'
-  UNIPOINTS: 'ww3'
-  WW3GRIDLINE: "'ww3' 'no' 'no' 'CPL:native' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no'  1  1  0.00 1.00  F"
-  RUN_BEG: 0000.00.00.00:00
-  RUN_END: 0000.00.00.00:00
-  FLAGMASKCOMP:  ' F'
-  FLAGMASKOUT: ' F'
-
-To run ``templater.py`` with an input template file and a config file, modify the following command::
-
-    python scripts/templater.py -i /<path-to-template>/jinja2template.nml -c /<path-to-config>/example_config.yaml -o <path-to-outfile>/rendered_template.nml
-
-where:
-
-   * ``-i`` refers to the input template file
-   * ``-c`` refers to the config file
-   * ``-o`` refers to the output file (or outfile)
-
-The rendered template will be updated with the values contained in the config file::
-
-  $ WAVEWATCH III multi-grid input file
-  $ ------------------------------------
-   3 1  T 1 T  T
-  $
-  'glo_15mxt'
-  $
-  $
-  $
-  ww3
-  'ww3' 'no' 'no' 'CPL:native' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no'  1  1  0.00 1.00  F
-  $
-     0000.00.00.00:00   0000.00.00.00:00
-  $
-      F   F
-  $
-
-.. _temp_inp_env:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Input file and environment file
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-If ``templater.py`` is called on an input file, but no config file is provided, the template will be rendered using the user environment (``os.environ``).
-
-.. _temp_inp_cli:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Input file and command line config items
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-``templater.py`` can be run with an input file and config items provided through the command line by using the ``config_items`` flag::
-
-    python scripts/templater.py -i /<path-totemplate>/jinja2template.nml NFGRIDS=0 NMGRIDS=5 FUNIPNT=' T' IOSRV='None' FPNTPROC='None' FGRDPROC=' None' CPLILINE='glo_15mxt' WINDLINE='$' ICELINE='$' CURRLINE='$' UNIPOINTS='ww3' WW3GRIDLINE="'ww3' 'no' 'no' 'CPL:native' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no'  1  1  0.00 1.00  F" RUN_BEG=0000.00.00.00:00 RUN_END=0000.00.00.00:00 FLAGMASKCOMP=' F' FLAGMASKOUT=' F'
-
-Rendered template::
-
-  $ WAVEWATCH III multi-grid input file
-  $ ------------------------------------
-    0, 5, T, None, None,  None
-  $
-  'glo_15mxt'
-  $
-  $
-  $
-  ww3
-  'ww3' 'no' 'no' 'CPL:native' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no'  1  1  0.00 1.00  F
-  $
-     0000.00.00.00:00   0000.00.00.00:00
-  $
-      F   F
-  $
-
-Any configuration settings supplied through the ``config_items`` flag will override values found in the config file or user environment.
-
-.. _temp_dryrun:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-dry_run flag
-^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Running ``templater.py`` with the ``-d`` or ``--dry-run`` flag will print the rendered template to stdout only and provide no other output::
-
-    python scripts/templater.py -i /<path-totemplate>/jinja2template.nml -c /<path-to-config>/example_config.yaml -d
-
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-          outfile: None
-   input_template: /<path-totemplate>/jinja2template.nml
-      config_file: /<path-to-config>/example_config.yaml
-     config_items: []
-          dry_run: True
-    values_needed: False
-          verbose: False
-            quiet: False
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  $ WAVEWATCH III multi-grid input file
-  $ ------------------------------------
-   3 1  T 1 T  T
-  $
-  'glo_15mxt'
-  $
-  $
-  $
-  ww3
-  'ww3' 'no' 'no' 'CPL:native' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no' 'no'  1  1  0.00 1.00  F
-  $
-     0000.00.00.00:00   0000.00.00.00:00
-  $
-      F   F
-  $
-
-     N
-   
-
-.. _temp_val_needed:
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Values Needed Flag
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-If provided, the ``--values-needed`` flag will print a list of required configuration settings for the input template to stdout::
-    
-  workflow-tools % python scripts/templater.py -i /<path-totemplate>/jinja2template.nml --values-needed
-  Running script templater.py with args:
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-          outfile: None
-   input_template: /<path-totemplate>/jinja2template.nml
-      config_file: None
-     config_items: []
-          dry_run: False
-    values_needed: True
-          verbose: False
-            quiet: False
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-  Values needed for this template are:
-  CPLILINE
-  CURRLINE
-  FGRDPROC
-  FLAGMASKCOMP
-  FLAGMASKOUT
-  FPNTPROC
-  FUNIPNT
-  ICELINE
-  IOSRV
-  NFGRIDS
-  NMGRIDS
-  RUN_BEG
-  RUN_END
-  UNIPOINTS
-  WINDLINE
-  WW3GRIDLINE
diff --git a/docs/_static/theme_override.css b/docs/_static/theme_override.css
deleted file mode 100644
index a03592c4b..000000000
--- a/docs/_static/theme_override.css
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-/* Highlight color for hyperlinks (grayish) */
-div[class^="highlight"] a {
-    background-color: #E6E6E6;
-}
-
-/* Highlight color for hyperlinks when hovering (cyan) */
-div[class^="highlight"] a:hover {
-    background-color: #ABECFC;
-}
-
-/* Background highlight color (white) */
-div[class^="highlight"] {
-  background-color: #FFFFFF;
-}
-
-/* override table width restrictions */
-@media screen and (min-width: 767px) {
-
-    .wy-table-responsive table td {
-	      /* !important prevents the common CSS stylesheets from overriding
-         this as on RTD they are loaded after this stylesheet */
-	white-space: normal !important;
-    }
-
-    .wy-table-responsive {
-	overflow: visible !important;
-    }
-}
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index c9f08b160..ceb7cf95d 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -1,89 +1,59 @@
-# Configuration file for the Sphinx documentation builder.                                                                                                                 
-#                                                                                                                                                                          
-# This file only contains a selection of the most common options. For a full                                                                                               
-# list see the documentation:                                                                                                                                              
-# http://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/config                                                                                                                               
+# See https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/configuration.html
 
-# -- Path setup --------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                             
-
-# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,                                                                                            
-# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the                                                                                              
-# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.                                                                                            
-#
+import datetime as dt
 import json
 import os
 import sys
 
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
-print(sys.path)
-
-# -- Project information -----------------------------------------------------                                                                                             
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath("../src"))
 
 with open("../recipe/meta.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-    version = json.loads(f.read())["version"]
-
-project = 'Unified Workflow'
-author = ''
-author_list = 'Holt, C., E. Carpenter, J. Derrico, V. Hagerty, F. Gabelmann, R. Mahajan, B. Cash, O. Adejumo, J. Prestopnik'
-verinfo = version
-release = f'{version}'
-release_date = '2023-05-01'
-release_year = release_date.split("-")[0]
-release_month = release_date.split("-")[1]
-release_day = release_date.split("-")[2]
-copyright = f'{release_year}, {author_list}'
-
-# -- General configuration ---------------------------------------------------                                                                                             
-
-# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be                                                                                                      
-# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom                                                                                                      
-# ones.                                                                                                                                                                    
-extensions = ['sphinx.ext.autodoc','sphinx.ext.intersphinx',]
-
-# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.                                                                                                   
-templates_path = ['_templates']
-
-# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and                                                                                                     
-# directories to ignore when looking for source files.                                                                                                                     
-# This pattern also affects html_static_path and html_extra_path.                                                                                                          
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store', 'Flowchart' ]
-
-# Suppress certain warning messages                                                                                                                                        
-suppress_warnings = ['ref.citation']
-
-# -- Options for HTML output -------------------------------------------------                                                                                             
-
-# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for                                                                                                
-# a list of builtin themes.                                                                                                                                                
-#                                                                                                                                                                          
-html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
-html_theme_path = ["_themes", ]
-html_css_files = ['theme_override.css']
-
-# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,                                                                                              
-# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,                                                                                              
-# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".                                                                                                  
-html_static_path = ['_static']
-
-# The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top                                                                                               
-# of the sidebar.                                                                                                                                                          
-html_logo = os.path.join('_static','UFS_image.png')
-
-# -- Intersphinx control -----------------------------------------------------                                                                                             
-intersphinx_mapping = {'numpy':("https://docs.scipy.org/doc/numpy/", None)}
-
+    _metadata = json.loads(f.read())
+
+autodoc_mock_imports = ["f90nml", "jsonschema", "lxml"]
+copyright = str(dt.datetime.now().year)
+extensions = ["sphinx.ext.autodoc", "sphinx.ext.extlinks", "sphinx.ext.intersphinx"]
+extlinks_detect_hardcoded_links = True
+html_logo = os.path.join("static", "ufs.png")
+html_static_path = ["static"]
+html_theme = "sphinx_rtd_theme"
+intersphinx_mapping = {"python": ("https://docs.python.org/3", None)}
+nitpick_ignore_regex = [("py:class", r"^uwtools\..*")]
 numfig = True
-
-numfig_format = {
-    'figure': 'Figure %s',
+numfig_format = {"figure": "Figure %s"}
+project = "Unified Workflow Tools"
+release = _metadata["version"]
+version = _metadata["version"]
+
+extlinks = {
+    "anaconda": ("https://www.anaconda.com/%s", "%s"),
+    "anaconda-condev": ("https://anaconda.org/maddenp/condev/%s", "%s"),
+    "black": ("https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable/%s", "%s"),
+    "cmeps": ("https://escomp.github.io/CMEPS/versions/master/html/esmflds.html#%s", "%s"),
+    "conda": ("https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/%s", "%s"),
+    "conda-forge": ("https://conda-forge.org/%s", "%s"),
+    "condev": ("https://github.com/maddenp/condev/%s", "%s"),
+    "coverage": ("https://coverage.readthedocs.io/en/7.3.4/%s", "%s"),
+    "docformatter": ("https://docformatter.readthedocs.io/en/stable/%s", "%s"),
+    "github-docs": ("https://docs.github.com/en/%s", "%s"),
+    "isort": ("https://pycqa.github.io/isort/%s", "%s"),
+    "jinja2": ("https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/%s", "%s"),
+    "jq": ("https://jqlang.github.io/jq/manual/v1.7/%s", "%s"),
+    "json-schema": ("https://json-schema.org/%s", "%s"),
+    "miniconda": ("https://docs.conda.io/projects/miniconda/en/latest/%s", "%s"),
+    "miniforge": ("https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/%s", "%s"),
+    "miniforge3": ("https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/%s", "%s"),
+    "mypy": ("https://mypy.readthedocs.io/en/stable/%s", "%s"),
+    "pylint": ("https://pylint.readthedocs.io/en/v3.0.3/%s", "%s"),
+    "pytest": ("https://docs.pytest.org/en/7.4.x/%s", "%s"),
+    "rocoto": ("https://christopherwharrop.github.io/rocoto/%s", "%s"),
+    "rst": ("https://www.sphinx-doc.org/en/master/usage/restructuredtext/%s", "%s"),
+    "rtd": ("https://readthedocs.org/projects/uwtools/%s", "%s"),
+    "ufs": ("https://ufscommunity.org/%s", "%s"),
+    "ufs-weather-model": ("https://github.com/ufs-community/ufs-weather-model/%s", "%s"),
+    "uwtools": ("https://github.com/ufs-community/uwtools/%s", "%s"),
+    "weather-model-io": ("https://ufs-weather-model.readthedocs.io/en/latest/InputsOutputs.html#%s", "%s"),
 }
 
-# -- Export variables --------------------------------------------------------                                                                                             
-
-rst_epilog = f"""                                                                                                                                                          
-.. |copyright|    replace:: {copyright}                                                                                                                                    
-.. |author_list|  replace:: {author_list}                                                                                                                                  
-.. |release_date| replace:: {release_date}                                                                                                                                 
-.. |release_year| replace:: {release_year}                                                                                                                                 
-"""
-
+def setup(app):
+    app.add_css_file("custom.css")
diff --git a/docs/figure/Schematic_Layout_Unified_Workflow_Framework.png b/docs/figure/Schematic_Layout_Unified_Workflow_Framework.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 90c9a9be3..000000000
Binary files a/docs/figure/Schematic_Layout_Unified_Workflow_Framework.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/docs/figure/checks_pass_no_conflicts.png b/docs/figure/checks_pass_no_conflicts.png
deleted file mode 100644
index 3e5460a5a..000000000
Binary files a/docs/figure/checks_pass_no_conflicts.png and /dev/null differ
diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
index 0d1300756..3fb633003 100644
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -1,51 +1,117 @@
-################
-Unified Workflow
-################
-
-======
-Vision
-======
-
-The idea of a unified workflow is to develop a wide array of tools in
-object-oriented Python that can be used in all
-`Unified Forecast System (UFS) <https://ufscommunity.org/>`__ applications.
-The Python programming language is widely used and now available on all 
-High-Performance Computing (HPC) platforms. It has many features that make it the
-language of choice for building modular, independent tool sets. These tools can
-be used to perform minuscule tasks such as movement of files within or across
-systems, manipulating datetime objects, parsing and populating configuration
-files, and executing and processing a series of functions in a job or a task
-within an application suite. The application suites can range from a single
-deterministic forecast to an ensemble of forecasts to cycled data assimilation
-systems. The application suites are not just limited to a model and data
-assimilation system. There are numerous examples of “workflows” in other
-applications, such as observation processing and ingest, post-processing of
-model and data assimilation generated data, reanalysis, verification and
-validation, deployment of products and graphics to web servers.
-
-A schematic of the vision above is shown in :numref:`Schematic_Layout_Unified_Workflow_Framework` below.
-
-.. _Schematic_Layout_Unified_Workflow_Framework:
-	
-.. figure:: figure/Schematic_Layout_Unified_Workflow_Framework.png
-
-   *Schematic layout of the various components of the Unified Workflow Framework.*
-
-The tools on the right are developed as stand-alone packages that can be
-deployed independently on different platforms (like libraries). On the left
-are configuration/schema files that provide the default configurations for
-the workflows. These can change as the modeling systems develop. In the middle
-are the workflow layers that serve different needs.
-
-Using the tools on the right, any application can assemble a unique suite for
-its needs. This allows all applications to retain similar implementations
-while at the same time providing a mechanism to construct their own flavor of
-the implementation. 
-
-
 .. toctree::
    :hidden:
-   :caption: Unified Workflow
 
-   Users_Guide/index
-   Contributors_Guide/index
+   sections/user_guide/index
+   sections/contributor_guide/index
+
+Unified Workflow Tools
+======================
+
+``uwtools`` is an open-source modern Python package that helps automate common tasks needed for many standard numerical weather prediction (NWP) workflows and provides drivers to automate the configuration and execution of :ufs:`Unified Forecast System (UFS)<>` components, providing flexibility, interoperability, and usability to various UFS Applications.
+
+If you're interested in contributing, check out the :doc:`Contributor Guide <sections/contributor_guide/index>`.
+
+For users who want to start using the toolbox and framework, take a peek at our :doc:`User Guide <sections/user_guide/index>`.
+
+.. contents:: On this page
+   :depth: 2
+   :local:
+
+The Tools
+---------
+
+The tools are accessible from both a command-line interface (CLI) and a Python API. The CLI automates many operations commonly needed in NWP workflows. The API supports all CLI operations, and additionally provides access to in-memory objects to facilitate more novel use cases. We hope these options will let you integrate the package into your pre-existing bash and Python scripts, and give you some handy tools to use in your day-to-day work with running NWP systems.
+
+Configuration Management
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+| **CLI**: ``uw config -h``
+| **API**: ``import uwtools.api.config``
+
+The config tool suite helps you compare, transform, modify, and even validate your configuration. The package supports YAML, shell, Fortran namelist, and INI file formats. Configuration in any of these formats may express values using :jinja2:`Jinja2 syntax<templates>`. These values can reference others, or compute new values by evaluating mathematical expressions, building paths, manipulating strings, etc.
+
+Compare Mode
+""""""""""""
+
+When the Linux diff tool just doesn't work for comparing unordered namelists with mixed-case keys, this is your go-to! It also works on the other configuration formats, but the Fortran namelists are the *real* catalyst behind this gem!
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_config_compare_examples>`
+
+Realize Mode
+""""""""""""
+
+This mode renders values created by :jinja2:`Jinja2 templates<templates>`, and lets you override values in one file or object with those from others, not necessarily with the same configuration format. With ``uwtools``, you can even reference the content of other files to build up a configuration from its pieces.
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_config_realize_examples>`
+
+Validate Mode
+"""""""""""""
+
+In this mode, you can provide a :json-schema:`JSON Schema<>` file alongside your configuration to validate that it meets the requirements set by the schema. We've enabled robust logging to make it easier to repair your configs when problems arise.
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_config_validate_examples>`
+
+Templating
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+| **CLI**: ``uw template -h``
+| **API**: ``import uwtools.api.template``
+
+Render Mode
+"""""""""""
+
+The ``render`` mode that gives you the full power of rendering a :jinja2:`Jinja2 template<templates>` in the same easy-to-use interface as your other workflow tools.
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_template_render_examples>`
+
+Translate Mode
+""""""""""""""
+
+This tool helps transform legacy configuration files templated with the atparse tool (common at NOAA) into :jinja2:`Jinja2 templates<templates>` for use with the ``uw config realize`` and ``uw template render`` tools, or their API equivalents.
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_template_translate_examples>`
+
+Rocoto Configurability
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+| **CLI**: ``uw rocoto -h``
+| **API**: ``import uwtools.api.rocoto``
+
+This tool is all about creating a configurable interface to the :rocoto:`Rocoto<>` workflow manager tool that produces the Rocoto XML for a totally arbitrary set of tasks. The ``uwtools`` package defines a structured YAML interface that relies on tasks you define to run. Paired with the uw config tool suite, this interface becomes highly configurable and requires no XML syntax!
+
+Realize Mode
+""""""""""""
+
+This is where you put in your structured YAML that defines your workflow of choice and it pops out a verified Rocoto XML.
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_rocoto_realize_examples>`
+
+Validate Mode
+"""""""""""""
+
+Do you already have a Rocoto XML, but don't want to run Rocoto to make sure it works? Use the validate mode to check to see if Rocoto will be happy.
+
+| :any:`CLI documentation with examples<cli_rocoto_validate_examples>`
+
+The Drivers
+-----------
+
+The uwtools driver(s) live right there beside the rest of the tools in the CLI and API. These tools will be under development for the foreseeable future, but we do have a forecast driver currently available in beta testing mode.
+
+Forecast
+^^^^^^^^
+
+| **CLI**: ``uw forecast -h``
+| **API**: ``import uwtools.api.drivers.forecast``
+
+This driver is the first of its kind (with many others to come) and takes a few pieces of information from the user – the model, the time, and a structured YAML – and it runs a forecast via batch job or as an executable. That simple.
+
+We've helped by providing a JSON Schema that allows you to validate your YAML to ensure you’ve got it right!
+
+Over time, we'll add many other drivers to support a variety of UFS components from pre-processing to post-processing, along with many data assimilation components.
+
+------------------
+
+**Disclaimer**
+
+The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) GitHub project code is provided on an "as is" basis and the user assumes responsibility for its use. DOC has relinquished control of the information and no longer has responsibility to protect the integrity, confidentiality, or availability of the information. Any claims against the Department of Commerce stemming from the use of its GitHub project will be governed by all applicable Federal law. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply their endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the Department of Commerce. The Department of Commerce seal and logo, or the seal and logo of a DOC bureau, shall not be used in any manner to imply endorsement of any commercial product or activity by DOC or the United States Government.
diff --git a/docs/install-deps b/docs/install-deps
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e75232d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/install-deps
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+conda install -q -y $(python -c "import yaml; f=open('$(dirname ${BASH_SOURCE[0]})/environment.yml'); print(' '.join(yaml.safe_load(f)['dependencies']))")
diff --git a/docs/sections/contributor_guide/code_quality.rst b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/code_quality.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9426df945
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/code_quality.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+Code Quality
+============
+
+In an active development shell, the following ``make`` targets are available and act on all ``.py`` files under ``src/``:
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 15 85
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Command
+     - Description
+   * - ``make format``
+     - Formats code with :black:`black<>`, imports with :isort:`isort<>`, docstrings with :docformatter:`docformatter<>`, and ``.jsonschema`` documents with :jq:`jq<>`
+   * - ``make lint``
+     - Lints code with :pylint:`pylint<>`
+   * - ``make typecheck``
+     - Typechecks code with :mypy:`mypy<>`
+   * - ``make unittest``
+     - Runs unit tests and reports coverage with :pytest:`pytest<>` and :coverage:`coverage<>`
+   * - ``make test``
+     - Equivalent to ``make lint && make typecheck && make unittest``, plus checks defined CLI scripts.
+
+Configuration for these tools is provided by the file ``src/pyproject.toml``.
+
+The order of the targets above is intentional:
+
+   * ``make format`` will complain about certain kinds of syntax errors that would cause all the remaining code-quality tools to fail (and may change line numbers reported by other tools, if it ran after them).
+   * ``make lint`` provides a good first check for obvious errors and anti-patterns in the code.
+   * ``make typecheck`` offers a more nuanced look at interfaces between functions, methods, etc. and may spot issues missed by the linter.
+   * ``make unittest`` provides higher-level semantic-correctness checks once code syntax and typing is deemed correct.
+
+All the above tests are executed by the CI system when code is merged to specific git branches, and again when a conda package is built for release. To ensure that these processes succeed, be sure to run all the tests in a development shell before opening a pull request, and throughout the PR's lifecycle as subsequent changes are made. CI will reject unformatted code, so also run ``make format`` and commit any changes it makes. A useful development idiom is to periodically run ``make format && make test`` to perform a full code-quality sweep through the code.
+
+The ``uwtools`` repository has standardized on 100% unit-test coverage, enforced by ``make unittest`` and its configuration in ``pyproject.toml``. Please help maintain this high standard.
diff --git a/docs/sections/contributor_guide/developer_setup.rst b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/developer_setup.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f87dc5c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/developer_setup.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+Developer Setup
+===============
+
+Creating a ``bash`` Development Shell
+-------------------------------------
+
+If an existing conda (:miniforge:`Miniforge<>`, :miniconda:`Miniconda<>`, :anaconda:`Anaconda<>`, etc.) installation is available and writable, step 1 may be skipped.
+
+.. include:: ../../shared/miniforge3_instructions.rst
+
+#. Install the :anaconda-condev:`condev package<>` into the base environment.
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      conda install -y -c maddenp condev
+
+#. In a clone of the :uwtools:`uwtools repository<>`, create the development shell.
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      cd /to/your/uwtools/clone
+      make devshell
+
+If the above is successful, you will be in a ``uwtools`` development shell. See below for usage information. You may exit the shell with ``exit`` or ``ctrl-d``.
+
+Future ``make devshell`` invocations will be almost instantaneous, as the underlying virtual environment will already exist. In general, all source code changes will be immediately live in the development shell, subject to execution, test, etc. But some changes – especially to the contents of the ``recipe/`` directory, or to the ``src/setup.py`` module – may require recreation of the development shell. If you know this is needed, or when in doubt:
+
+  #. Exit the development shell.
+  #. Run ``make clean-devenv`` (or ``conda env remove -n DEV-uwtools``) to remove the old environment.
+  #. Run ``make devshell`` to recreate it.
+
+If your development shell misses any functionality you’re used to in your main (``bash``) shell, you can create a ``~/.condevrc`` file, which will be sourced by ``make devshell``. When in doubt, you might:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   cat <<EOF >~/.condevrc
+   source ~/.bashrc
+   EOF
+
+Using a ``bash`` Development Shell
+----------------------------------
+
+A development shell makes available several code-formatting and quality checkers, which should be periodically run during the development process. See :doc:`Code Quality <code_quality>` for full details.
+
+In addition to the ``make devshell`` command, other ``make`` targets are available for use *outside* a development shell, i.e. from the base conda environment (requires presence of the ``condev`` package):
+
+.. list-table::
+   :widths: 15 85
+   :header-rows: 1
+
+   * - Command
+     - Description
+   * - ``make env``
+     - Creates a conda environment based on the ``uwtools`` code
+   * - ``make meta``
+     - Update ``recipe/meta.json`` from ``recipe/meta.yaml``
+   * - ``make package``
+     - Builds a ``uwtools`` conda package
+
+These targets work from the code in its current state in the clone. ``make env`` calls ``make package`` automatically to create a local package, then builds an environment based on the package.
+
+Building ``condev`` Locally
+---------------------------
+
+As an alternative to installing :anaconda-condev:`pre-built package<>`, the ``condev`` package can be built locally, then installed into the local conda installation. Ensure that ``conda-build`` and ``conda-verify`` are installed in the base environment:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   # Activate your conda
+   git clone https://github.com/maddenp/condev.git
+   make -C condev package
+   conda install -y -c local condev
+
+Files Derived from ``condev``
+-----------------------------
+
+The following files in this repo are derived from their counterparts in the :condev:`condev demo<tree/main/demo>` and are used by ``condev`` code when running certain make commands
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   ├── Makefile
+   ├── recipe
+   │   ├── build.sh
+   │   ├── channels
+   │   ├── meta.json
+   │   ├── meta.yaml
+   │   └── run_test.sh
+   ├── src
+   │   ├── pyproject.toml
+   │   ├── setup.py
diff --git a/docs/sections/contributor_guide/documentation.rst b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/documentation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..61e3f3dc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/documentation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+Documentation
+=============
+
+Locally Building and Previewing Documentation
+---------------------------------------------
+
+To locally build the docs:
+
+#. Obtain a development shell as described in the :doc:`Developer Setup <developer_setup>` section.
+#. From the root of your clone: ``cd docs``
+#. Install the required doc packages: ``source install-deps``
+#. Build the docs: ``make docs``
+
+The ``make docs`` command will build the docs under ``docs/build/html``, after which you can preview them in your web browser at the URL
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   file://<filesystem-path-to-your-clone>/docs/build/html/index.index.html
+
+Re-run ``make docs`` and refresh your browser after making and saving changes.
+
+If, at some point, you remove and recreate the conda development environment underlying your development shell, you will need to re-run the ``source install-deps`` command in the new environment/shell. Until then, the installed doc packages will persist and support docs generation.
+
+Viewing Online Documentation
+----------------------------
+
+Online documentation generation and hosting for ``uwtools`` is provided by :rtd:`Read the Docs<>`. The green *View Docs* button near the upper right of that page links to the official docs for the project, as built for the ``main`` branch. Docs are also generated for the ``develop`` branch, and can be selected by changing **v: main** to **v: develop** via the small green pull-down menu located at the bottom of the navigation pane on the left of the page.
+
+Docs are also built and published when Pull Requests (PRs) targeting the ``develop`` or ``main`` branches are opened. Visit the :rtd:`Builds page<builds>` to see recent builds, including those made for PRs. Click a PR-related build marked *Passed*, then the small *View docs* link (**not** the large green *View Docs* button) to see the docs built specifically for that PR. If your PR includes documentation updates, it may be helpful to include the URL of this build in your PR's description so that reviewers can see the rendered HTML docs and not just the modified ``.rst`` files. Note that, if commits are pushed to the PR's source branch, Read the Docs will rebuild the PR docs: See the checks section near the bottom of a PR for current status, and for another link to the PR docs via the *Details* link.
+
+Documentation Guidelines
+------------------------
+
+Please follow these guidelines when contributing to the documentation:
+
+* Keep formatting consistent across pages. Update all pages when better ideas are discovered. Otherwise, follow the conventions established in existing content.
+* Ensure that the ``make docs`` command completes with no errors or warnings.
+* If the link-check portion of ``make docs`` reports that a URL is ``permanently`` redirected, update the link in the docs to use the new URL. Non-permanent redirects can be left as-is.
+* Do not manually wrap lines in the ``.rst`` files. Insert newlines only as needed to achieve correctly formatted HTML, and let HTML wrap long lines and/or provide a scrollbar.
+* Use one blank line between documentation elements (headers, paragraphs, code blocks, etc.) unless additional lines are necessary to achieve correctly formatted HTML.
+* Remove all trailing whitespace.
+* In general, avoid pronouns like "we" and "you". (Using "we" may be appropriate when synonymous with "The UW Team", "The UFS Community", etc., when the context is clear.) Prefer direct, factual statements about what the code does, requires, etc.
+* Use the `Oxford Comma <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_comma>`_.
+* The synopsis information printed by ``uw [mode [action]] --help`` is automatically wrapped and indented based on current terminal size. For visual consistency, please set your terminal width to 100 columns when running such commands to produce output to copy into the docs.
+* Follow the :rst:`RST Sections<basics.html#sections>` guidelines, underlining section headings with = characters, subsections with - characters, and subsubsections with ^ characters. If a further level of refinement is needed, use " to underline paragraph headers.
+* In [[sub]sub]section titles, capitalize all "principal" words. In practice this usually means all words but articles (a, an, the), logicals (and, etc.), and prepositions (for, of, etc.). Always fully capitalize acronyms (e.g., YAML).
+* Never capitalize proper names when their owners do not (e.g. write `"pandas" <https://pandas.pydata.org/>`_, not "Pandas", even at the start of a sentence) or when referring to a software artifact (e.g. write ``numpy`` when referring to the library, and "NumPy" when referring to the project).
+* When referring to YAML constructs, `block` refers to an entry whose values is a nested collection of key/value pairs, while `entry` is a single key/value pair.
+* When using the ``.. code-block::`` directive, align the actual code with the word ``code``. Also, when ``.. code-block::`` directives appear in bulleted or numberd lists, align them with the text following the space to the righ of the bullet/number. For example:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     * Lorem ipsum
+
+       .. code-block:: python
+
+          n = 88
+
+  or
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     #. Lorem ipsum
+
+        .. code-block:: python
+
+           n = 88
diff --git a/docs/sections/contributor_guide/fork_pr_model.rst b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/fork_pr_model.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..37a4e8b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/fork_pr_model.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Fork and PR Model
+=================
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+Contributions to the ``uwtools`` project are made via a :github-docs:`Fork<pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/working-with-forks/about-forks>` and :github-docs:`Pull Request (PR)<pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests>` model. GitHub provides a thorough description of this contribution model in their `Contributing to a project` :github-docs:`Quickstart<get-started/exploring-projects-on-github/contributing-to-a-project>`, but the steps, with respect to ``uwtools`` contributions, can be summarized as:
+
+#. :github-docs:`Fork<get-started/exploring-projects-on-github/contributing-to-a-project#forking-a-repository>` the :uwtools:`uwtools repository<>` into your personal GitHub account.
+#. :github-docs:`Clone<get-started/exploring-projects-on-github/contributing-to-a-project>` your fork onto your development system.
+#. :github-docs:`Create a branch<get-started/exploring-projects-on-github/contributing-to-a-project#creating-a-branch-to-work-on>` in your clone for your changes.
+#. :github-docs:`Make, commit, and push changes<get-started/exploring-projects-on-github/contributing-to-a-project#making-and-pushing-changes>` in your clone / to your fork. (Refer to the :doc:`Developer Setup <developer_setup>` page for setting up a development shell, formatting and testing your code, etc.)
+#. When your work is complete, :github-docs:`create a pull request<get-started/exploring-projects-on-github/contributing-to-a-project#making-a-pull-request>` to merge your changes.
+
+For future contributions, you may delete and then re-create your fork, or configure the official ``uwtools`` repo as :github-docs:`remote repository<pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/working-with-forks/configuring-a-remote-repository-for-a-fork>` on your clone and :github-docs:`sync upstream changes<pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/working-with-forks/syncing-a-fork>` to stay up-to-date with the official repo.
+
+Specifics for ``uwtools``
+-------------------------
+
+When creating your PR, please follow these guidelines, specific to the ``uwtools`` project:
+
+* Ensure that your PR is targeting base repository ``ufs-community/uwtools`` and base branch ``develop``.
+* Your PR's **Add a description** field will appear pre-populated with a template that you should complete. Provide an informative synopsis of your contribution, then mark appropriate checklist items by placing an "x" between their square brackets. You may tidy up the description by removing boilerplate text and non-selected checklist items.
+* Use the pull-down arrow on the green button below the description to initially create a :github-docs:`draft pull request<pull-requests/collaborating-with-pull-requests/proposing-changes-to-your-work-with-pull-requests/about-pull-requests#draft-pull-requests>`.
+* Once your draft PR is open, visit its **Files changed** tab and add comments on any lines of code that you think reviewers will benefit from. Try to save time by proactively answering questions you suspect reviewers will ask.
+* Once your draft PR is marked up with your comments, return to the **Conversation** tab and click the **Ready for review** button.
+
+A default set of reviewers will automatically be added to your PR. You may add others, if appropriate. Reviewers may make comments, ask questions, or request changes on your PR. Respond to these as needed, making commits in your clone and pushing to your fork/branch. Your PR will automatically be updated when commits are pushed to its source branch in your fork, so reviewers will immediately see your updates.
+
+Merging
+-------
+
+Your PR is ready to merge when:
+
+#. It has been approved by a required number of ``uwtools`` core-developer reviewers.
+#. All conversations have been marked as resolved.
+#. All required checks have passed.
+
+These criteria and their current statuses are detailed in a section at the bottom of your PR's **Conversation** tab. Checks take some time to run, so please be patient.
+
+If you have write access to the ``uwtools`` repo, you may merge your PR yourself once the above conditions are met. If not, a ``uwtools`` core developer will perform the merge for you.
+
+Need Help?
+----------
+
+Please use comments in the **Conversation** tab of your PR to ask for help with any difficulties you encounter using this process!
diff --git a/docs/sections/contributor_guide/index.rst b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1b5a9b2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/contributor_guide/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Contributor Guide
+=================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   developer_setup
+   code_quality
+   fork_pr_model
+   documentation
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/api/config.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/config.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad1a0c415
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/config.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+``uwtools.api.config``
+======================
+
+.. automodule:: uwtools.api.config
+    :members:
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/api/forecast.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/forecast.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7ab68efd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/forecast.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+``uwtools.api.forecast``
+========================
+
+.. automodule:: uwtools.api.forecast
+    :members:
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/api/index.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b6acfc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+API
+===
+
+.. toctree::
+   config
+   forecast
+   logging
+   rocoto
+   template
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/api/logging.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/logging.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..158faa28e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/logging.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+``uwtools.api.logging``
+=======================
+
+.. automodule:: uwtools.api.logging
+    :members:
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/api/rocoto.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/rocoto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e0a89ed9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/rocoto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+``uwtools.api.rocoto``
+======================
+
+.. automodule:: uwtools.api.rocoto
+    :members:
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/api/template.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/template.rst
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/api/template.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+``uwtools.api.template``
+========================
+
+.. automodule:: uwtools.api.template
+    :members:
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/index.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e2fc943ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+CLI
+===
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   mode_config
+   mode_forecast
+   mode_rocoto
+   mode_template
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_config.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_config.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..228ca72ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_config.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,586 @@
+Mode ``config``
+===============
+
+The ``uw`` mode for handling configs.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw config --help
+   usage: uw config [-h] MODE ...
+
+   Handle configs
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+           Show help and exit
+
+   Positional arguments:
+     MODE
+       compare
+           Compare configs
+       realize
+           Realize config
+       validate
+           Validate config
+
+.. _cli_config_compare_examples:
+
+``compare``
+-----------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw config compare --help
+   usage: uw config compare --file-1-path PATH --file-2-path PATH [-h]
+                            [--file-1-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}] [--file-2-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}]
+                            [--quiet] [--verbose]
+
+   Compare configs
+
+   Required arguments:
+     --file-1-path PATH
+         Path to file 1
+     --file-2-path PATH
+         Path to file 2
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --file-1-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}
+         Format of file 1
+     --file-2-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}
+         Format of file 2
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use namelist files ``values1.nml`` and ``values2.nml``, both initially with content
+
+.. code-block:: fortran
+
+   &values
+     greeting = "Hello"
+     recipient = "World"
+   /
+
+* Compare two config files with the same contents:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config compare --file-1-path values1.nml --file-2-path values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:53:04]     INFO - values1.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:53:04]     INFO + values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:53:04]     INFO ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+* If there are differences between the config files, they will be shown below the dashed line. For example, with ``recipient: World`` removed from ``values1.nml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config compare --file-1-path values1.nml --file-2-path values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:54:03]     INFO - values1.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:54:03]     INFO + values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:54:03]     INFO ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2024-01-08T16:54:03]     INFO values:       recipient:  - None + World
+
+* If a config file has an unrecognized (or no) extension, ``uw`` will not know how to parse its content:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config compare --file-1-path values.txt --file-2-path values1.nml
+     Cannot deduce format of 'values.txt' from unknown extension 'txt'
+
+  In this case, the format can be explicitly specified (``values.txt`` is a copy of ``values1.nml``):
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config compare --file-1-path values.txt --file-1-format nml --file-2-path values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:56:54]     INFO - values.txt
+     [2024-01-08T16:56:54]     INFO + values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:56:54]     INFO ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2024-01-08T16:56:54]     INFO values:       recipient:  - None + World
+
+* Request verbose log output:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config compare --file-1-path values1.nml --file-2-path values2.nml --verbose
+     [2024-01-08T16:57:28]    DEBUG Command: uw config compare --file-1-path values1.nml --file-2-path values2.nml --verbose
+     [2024-01-08T16:57:28]     INFO - values1.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:57:28]     INFO + values2.nml
+     [2024-01-08T16:57:28]     INFO ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2024-01-08T16:57:28]     INFO values:       recipient:  - None + World
+
+  If additional information is needed, ``--debug`` can be used which will return the stack trace from any unhandled exception as well.
+
+  Note that ``uw`` logs to ``stderr``, so the stream can be redirected:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config compare --file-1-path values1.nml --file-2-path values2.nml --verbose 2>compare.log
+
+  The content of ``compare.log``:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      [2024-01-08T16:59:20]    DEBUG Command: uw config compare --file-1-path values1.nml --file-2-path values2.nml --verbose
+      [2024-01-08T16:59:20]     INFO - values1.nml
+      [2024-01-08T16:59:20]     INFO + values2.nml
+      [2024-01-08T16:59:20]     INFO ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+      [2024-01-08T16:59:20]     INFO values:       recipient:  - None + World
+
+.. note:: Comparisons are supported only for configs of the same format, e.g. YAML vs YAML, Fortran namelist vs Fortran namelist, etc. ``uw`` will flag invalid comparisons:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      $ uw config compare --file-1-path a.yaml --file-2-path b.nml
+      [2024-01-23T23:21:37]    ERROR Formats do not match: yaml vs nml
+
+.. _cli_config_realize_examples:
+
+``realize``
+-----------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw config realize --help
+   usage: uw config realize [-h] [--input-file PATH] [--input-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}]
+                            [--output-file PATH] [--output-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}]
+                            [--values-needed] [--dry-run] [--quiet] [--verbose]
+                            [PATH ...]
+
+   Realize config
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --input-file PATH, -i PATH
+         Path to input file (defaults to stdin)
+     --input-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}
+         Input format
+     --output-file PATH, -o PATH
+         Path to output file (defaults to stdout)
+     --output-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}
+         Output format
+     --values-needed
+         Print report of values needed to render template
+     --dry-run
+         Only log info, making no changes
+    --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+     PATH
+         Additional files to supplement primary input
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use YAML file ``config.yaml`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   values:
+     date: '{{ yyyymmdd }}'
+     empty:
+     greeting: Hello
+     message: '{{ (greeting + " " + recipient + " ") * repeat }}'
+     recipient: World
+     repeat: 1
+
+supplemental YAML file ``values1.yaml`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   values:
+     date: 20240105
+     greeting: Good Night
+     recipient: Moon
+     repeat: 2
+
+and additional supplemental YAML file ``values2.yaml`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   values:
+     empty: false
+     repeat: 3
+
+* Show the values in the input config file that have unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions or empty keys:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml --values-needed
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO Keys that are complete:
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values.greeting
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values.message
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values.recipient
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values.repeat
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO Keys with unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions:
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values.date: {{ yyyymmdd }}
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO Keys that are set to empty:
+     [2024-01-23T22:28:40]     INFO     values.empty
+
+* To realize the config to ``stdout``, a target output format must be explicitly specified:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml
+     values:
+       date: '{{ yyyymmdd }}'
+       empty: null
+       greeting: Hello
+       message: 'Hello World '
+       recipient: World
+       repeat: 1
+
+  Shell redirection via ``|``, ``>``, et al may also be used to stream output to a file, another process, etc.
+
+* Values in the primary input file can be overridden via one or more supplemental files specified as positional arguments, each overriding the last; or by environment variables, which have the highest precedence.
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ recipient=Sun uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml values1.yaml values2.yaml
+     values:
+       date: 20240105
+       empty: false
+       greeting: Good Night
+       message: 'Good Night Sun Good Night Sun Good Night Sun '
+       recipient: Moon
+       repeat: 3
+
+* Realize the config to a file via command-line argument:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-file realized.yaml values1.yaml
+
+  The content of ``realized.yaml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     values:
+       date: 20240105
+       empty: null
+       greeting: Good Night
+       message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+       recipient: Moon
+       repeat: 2
+
+* With the ``--dry-run`` flag specified, nothing is written to ``stdout`` (or to a file if ``--output-file`` is specified), but a report of what would have been written is logged to ``stderr``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-file realized.yaml --dry-run values1.yaml
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO values:
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO   date: 20240105
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO   empty: null
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO   greeting: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO   message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO   recipient: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T22:31:08]     INFO   repeat: 2
+
+* If an input file is read alone from ``stdin``, ``uw`` will not know how to parse its content:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ cat config.yaml | uw config realize --output-file realized.yaml values1.yaml
+     Specify --input-format when --input-file is not specified
+
+* Read the config from ``stdin`` and realize to ``stdout``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ cat config.yaml | uw config realize --input-format yaml --output-format yaml values1.yaml
+     values:
+       date: 20240105
+       empty: null
+       greeting: Good Night
+       message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+       recipient: Moon
+       repeat: 2
+
+* If the config file has an unrecognized (or no) extension, ``uw`` will not know how to parse its content:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.txt --output-format yaml values1.yaml
+     Cannot deduce format of 'config.txt' from unknown extension 'txt'
+
+  In this case, the format can be explicitly specified  (``config.txt`` is a copy of ``config.yaml``):
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.txt --input-format yaml --output-format yaml values1.yaml
+     values:
+       date: 20240105
+       empty: null
+       greeting: Good Night
+       message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+       recipient: Moon
+       repeat: 2
+
+* Request verbose log output:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml --verbose values1.yaml
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG Command: uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml --verbose values1.yaml
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG Before update, config has depth 2
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG Supplemental config has depth 2
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG After update, config has depth 2
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG Dereferencing, current value:
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG   values:
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     date: 20240105
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     empty: null
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     greeting: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     message: '{{ (greeting + " " + recipient + " ") * repeat }}'
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     recipient: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     repeat: 2
+     ...
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG Dereferencing, final value:
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG   values:
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     date: 20240105
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     empty: null
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     greeting: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     recipient: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T22:59:58]    DEBUG     repeat: 2
+     values:
+       date: 20240105
+       empty: null
+       greeting: Good Night
+       message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+       recipient: Moon
+       repeat: 2
+
+  Note that ``uw`` logs to ``stderr`` and writes non-log output to ``stdout``, so the streams can be redirected separately:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml --verbose values1.yaml >realized.yaml 2>realized.log
+
+  The content of ``realized.yaml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     values:
+       date: 20240105
+       empty: null
+       greeting: Good Night
+       message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+       recipient: Moon
+       repeat: 2
+
+  The content of ``realized.log``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG Command: uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format yaml --verbose values1.yaml
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG Before update, config has depth 2
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG Supplemental config has depth 2
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG After update, config has depth 2
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG Dereferencing, current value:
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG   values:
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     date: 20240105
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     empty: null
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     greeting: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     message: '{{ (greeting + " " + recipient + " ") * repeat }}'
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     recipient: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     repeat: 2
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Accepting: 20240105
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Accepting: None
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Rendering: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Rendered: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Rendering: {{ (greeting + " " + recipient + " ") * repeat }}
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Rendered: Good Night Moon Good Night Moon
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Rendering: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Rendered: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG [dereference] Accepting: 2
+     ...
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG Dereferencing, final value:
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG   values:
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     date: 20240105
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     empty: null
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     greeting: Good Night
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     message: 'Good Night Moon Good Night Moon '
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     recipient: Moon
+     [2024-01-23T23:01:23]    DEBUG     repeat: 2
+
+.. note:: Combining configs with incompatible depths is not supported. ``ini`` and ``nml`` configs are depth-2, as they organize their key-value pairs (one level) under top-level sections or namelists (a second level). ``sh`` configs are depth-1, and ``yaml`` configs have arbitrary depth.
+
+   For example, when attempting to generate an ``sh`` config from a depth-2 ``yaml``:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      $ uw config realize --input-file config.yaml --output-format sh
+      [2024-01-23T23:02:42]    ERROR Cannot realize depth-2 config to type-'sh' config
+      Cannot realize depth-2 config to type-'sh' config
+
+.. note:: In recognition of the different sets of value types representable in each config format, ``uw`` supports two format-combination schemes:
+
+   1. Output matches input: The format of the output config matches that of the input config.
+   2. Input is YAML: If the input config is YAML, any output format may be requested. In the worst case, values always have a string representation; but note that, for example, the string representation of a YAML sequence (Python ``list``) in an INI output config may not be useful.
+
+   In all cases, any supplemental configs must be in the same format as the input config and must have recognized extensions.
+
+   ``uw`` considers invalid combination requests errors:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      $ uw config realize --input-file b.nml --output-file a.yaml
+      Output format yaml must match input format nml
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      $ uw config realize --input-file a.yaml --output-file c.yaml b.nml
+      Supplemental config #1 format nml must match input format yaml
+
+.. _cli_config_validate_examples:
+
+``validate``
+------------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw config validate --help
+   usage: uw config validate --schema-file PATH [-h] [--input-file PATH] [--quiet] [--verbose]
+
+   Validate config
+
+   Required arguments:
+     --schema-file PATH
+         Path to schema file to use for validation
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --input-file PATH, -i PATH
+         Path to input file (defaults to stdin)
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use :json-schema:`JSON Schema<understanding-json-schema/reference>` file ``schema.jsonschema`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: json
+
+   {
+     "$schema": "http://json-schema.org/draft-07/schema#",
+     "type": "object",
+     "properties": {
+       "values": {
+         "type": "object",
+         "properties": {
+           "greeting": {
+             "type": "string"
+           },
+           "recipient": {
+             "type": "string"
+           }
+         },
+         "required": ["greeting", "recipient"],
+         "additionalProperties": false
+       }
+     },
+     "required": ["values"],
+     "additionalProperties": false
+   }
+
+and YAML file ``values.yaml`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   values:
+     greeting: Hello
+     recipient: World
+
+* Validate a YAML config against a given JSON schema:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema --input-file values.yaml
+     [2024-01-03T17:23:07]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+
+  Shell redirection via ``|``, ``>``, et al may also be used to stream output to a file, another process, etc.
+
+* Read the config from ``stdin`` and print validation results to ``stdout``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ cat values.yaml | uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema
+     [2024-01-03T17:26:29]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+
+* However, reading the schema from ``stdin`` is **not** supported:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ cat schema.jsonschema | uw config validate --input-file values.yaml
+     uw config validate: error: the following arguments are required: --schema-file
+
+* If a config fails validation, differences from the schema will be displayed. For example, with ``recipient: World`` removed from ``values.yaml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema --input-file values.yaml
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR 1 UW schema-validation error found
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR 'recipient' is a required property
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR Failed validating 'required' in schema['properties']['values']:
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR     {'additionalProperties': False,
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR      'properties': {'greeting': {'type': 'string'},
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR                     'recipient': {'type': 'string'}},
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR      'required': ['greeting', 'recipient'],
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR      'type': 'object'}
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR On instance['values']:
+     [2024-01-03T17:31:19]    ERROR     {'greeting': 'Hello'}
+
+* Request verbose log output:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema --input-file values.yaml --verbose
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Command: uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema --input-file values.yaml --verbose
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Dereferencing, initial value: {'values': {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}}
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Rendering: {'values': {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}}
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Rendering: {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Rendering: Hello
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Rendering: World
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]    DEBUG Dereferencing, final value: {'values': {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}}
+     [2024-01-03T17:29:46]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+
+  Note that ``uw`` logs to ``stderr``, so the stream can be redirected:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema --input-file values.yaml --verbose 2>validate.log
+
+  The content of ``validate.log``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Command: uw config validate --schema-file schema.jsonschema --input-file values.yaml --verbose
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Dereferencing, initial value: {'values': {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}}
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Rendering: {'values': {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}}
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Rendering: {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Rendering: Hello
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Rendering: World
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]    DEBUG Dereferencing, final value: {'values': {'greeting': 'Hello', 'recipient': 'World'}}
+     [2024-01-03T17:30:49]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_forecast.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_forecast.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb3d9c854
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_forecast.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+Mode ``forecast``
+=================
+
+The ``uw`` mode for configuring and running forecasts.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw forecast --help
+   usage: uw forecast [-h] MODE ...
+
+   Configure and run forecasts
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+           Show help and exit
+
+   Positional arguments:
+     MODE
+       run
+           Run a forecast
+
+``run``
+-------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw forecast run --help
+   usage: uw forecast run --config-file PATH --cycle CYCLE --model {FV3} [-h] [--batch-script PATH]
+                          [--dry-run] [--quiet] [--verbose]
+
+   Run a forecast
+
+   Required arguments:
+     --config-file PATH, -c PATH
+         Path to config file
+     --cycle CYCLE
+         The cycle in ISO8601 format
+     --model {FV3}
+         Model name
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --batch-script PATH
+         Path to output batch file (defaults to stdout)
+     --dry-run
+         Only log info, making no changes
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+
+.. _cli_forecast_run_examples:
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples use a configuration file named ``config.yaml``. Its contents are described in depth in Section :ref:`forecast_yaml`.
+
+* Run an FV3 forecast on an interactive node
+
+  .. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ uw forecast run -c config.yaml --cycle 2024-01-09T12 --model FV3
+
+  The forecast will run on the node where you have invoked this command. Optionally, capture the output in a log file using shell redirection.
+
+* Run an FV3 forecast using a batch system
+
+  .. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ uw forecast run -c config.yaml --cycle 2024-01-09T12 --model FV3 --batch-script submit_fv3.sh
+
+  This command writes a file named ``submit_fv3.sh`` and submits it to the batch system.
+
+* With the ``--dry-run`` flag specified, nothing is written to ``stdout``, but a report of all the directories, files, symlinks, etc., that would have been created are logged to ``stderr``. None of these artifacts will actually be created and no jobs will be executed or submitted to the batch system.
+
+  .. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ uw forecast run -c config.yaml --cycle 2024-01-09T12 --model FV3 --batch-script --dry-run
+
+* Request verbose log output
+
+  .. code-block:: sh
+
+    $ uw forecast run -c config.yaml --cycle 2024-01-09T12 --model FV3 -v
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_rocoto.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_rocoto.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cfc21e6fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_rocoto.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+Mode ``rocoto``
+===============
+
+The ``uw`` mode for realizing and validating Rocoto XML documents.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw rocoto --help
+   usage: uw rocoto [-h] MODE ...
+
+   Realize and validate Rocoto XML Documents
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+           Show help and exit
+
+   Positional arguments:
+     MODE
+       realize
+           Realize a Rocoto XML workflow document
+       validate
+           Validate Rocoto XML
+
+.. _cli_rocoto_realize_examples:
+
+``realize``
+-----------
+
+In ``uw`` terminology, to ``realize`` a configuration file is to transform it from its raw form into its final, usable state. In the case of ``uw rocoto``, that means transforming a structured UW YAML file into a :rocoto:`Rocoto XML<>` file. The structured YAML language required by UW closely follows the XML language defined by Rocoto.
+
+More information about the structured UW YAML file for Rocoto can be found :any:`here<defining_a_workflow>`.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw rocoto realize --help
+   usage: uw rocoto realize [-h] [--input-file PATH] [--output-file PATH] [--quiet] [--verbose]
+
+   Realize a Rocoto XML workflow document
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --input-file PATH, -i PATH
+         Path to input file (defaults to stdin)
+     --output-file PATH, -o PATH
+         Path to output file (defaults to stdout)
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use a UW YAML file ``rocoto.yaml`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: python
+
+   workflow:
+     attrs:
+       realtime: false
+       scheduler: slurm
+     cycledef:
+       - attrs:
+           group: howdy
+         spec: 202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00
+     entities:
+       ACCOUNT: myaccount
+       FOO: test.log
+     log: /some/path/to/&FOO;
+     tasks:
+       task_hello:
+         attrs:
+           cycledefs: howdy
+         account: "&ACCOUNT;"
+         command: "echo hello $person"
+         jobname: hello
+         nodes: 1:ppn=1
+         walltime: 00:01:00
+         envars:
+           person: siri
+
+* Realize a UW YAML input file to ``stdout`` in Rocoto XML format:
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     $ uw rocoto realize --input-file rocoto.yaml
+     [2024-01-02T13:41:25]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+     [2024-01-02T13:41:25]     INFO 0 Rocoto validation errors found
+     <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+     <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+       <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+       <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+     ]>
+     <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+       <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+       <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+       <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+         <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+         <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+         <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+         <command>echo hello $person</command>
+         <jobname>hello</jobname>
+         <envar>
+           <name>person</name>
+           <value>siri</value>
+         </envar>
+       </task>
+     </workflow>
+
+* Realize a UW YAML input file to a file named ``rocoto.xml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw rocoto realize --input-file rocoto.yaml --output-file rocoto.xml
+     [2024-01-02T13:45:46]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+     [2024-01-02T13:45:46]     INFO 0 Rocoto validation errors found
+
+  The content of ``rocoto.xml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+     <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+       <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+       <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+     ]>
+     <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+       <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+       <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+       <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+         <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+         <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+         <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+         <command>echo hello $person</command>
+         <jobname>hello</jobname>
+         <envar>
+           <name>person</name>
+           <value>siri</value>
+         </envar>
+       </task>
+     </workflow>
+
+* Read the UW YAML from ``stdin`` and write the XML to ``stdout``:
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     $ cat rocoto.yaml | uw rocoto realize
+     [2024-01-02T14:09:08]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+     [2024-01-02T14:09:08]     INFO 0 Rocoto validation errors found
+     <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+     <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+       <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+       <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+     ]>
+     <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+       <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+       <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+       <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+         <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+         <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+         <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+         <command>echo hello $person</command>
+         <jobname>hello</jobname>
+         <envar>
+           <name>person</name>
+           <value>siri</value>
+         </envar>
+       </task>
+     </workflow>
+
+* Realize a UW YAML input file to a file named ``rocoto.xml`` in quiet mode:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw rocoto realize --input-file rocoto.yaml --output-file rocoto.xml -q
+     $
+
+  The contents of ``rocoto.xml`` are unchanged from the previous example.
+
+* For increased verbosity realizing a UW YAML file to a file named ``rocoto.xml``:
+
+  .. note:: This output has been shortened for demonstration purposes.
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw rocoto realize --input-file rocoto.yaml --output-file rocoto.xml -v
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Command: uw rocoto realize --input-file rocoto.yaml --output-file rocoto.xml -v
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Dereferencing, initial value: {'workflow': {'attrs': {'realtime': ...
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: {'workflow': {'attrs': {'realtime': ...
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: {'attrs': {'realtime': False, 'scheduler': ...
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: {'realtime': False, 'scheduler': 'slurm'}
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: False
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendered: False
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: slurm
+     ...
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: {'person': 'siri'}
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]    DEBUG Rendering: siri
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]     INFO 0 UW schema-validation errors found
+     [2024-01-02T14:00:01]     INFO 0 Rocoto validation errors found
+
+.. _cli_rocoto_validate_examples:
+
+``validate``
+------------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw rocoto validate --help
+   usage: uw rocoto validate [-h] [--input-file PATH] [--quiet] [--verbose]
+
+   Validate Rocoto XML
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --input-file PATH, -i PATH
+         Path to input file (defaults to stdin)
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use a Rocoto XML file ``rocoto.xml`` with the following content:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+   :linenos:
+
+   <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+   <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+     <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+     <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+   ]>
+   <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+     <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+     <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+     <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+       <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+       <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+       <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+       <command>echo hello $person</command>
+       <jobname>hello</jobname>
+       <envar>
+         <name>person</name>
+         <value>siri</value>
+       </envar>
+     </task>
+   </workflow>
+
+* To validate an XML from ``stdin``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ cat rocoto.xml | uw rocoto validate
+     [2024-01-02T14:18:46]     INFO 0 Rocoto validation errors found
+
+* To validate an XML from file ``rocoto.xml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw rocoto validate --input-file rocoto.xml
+     [2024-01-02T14:18:46]     INFO 0 Rocoto validation errors found
+
+* When the XML is invalid:
+
+  In this example, the ``<command>`` line was removed from the XML.
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw rocoto validate --input-file rocoto.xml
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 3 Rocoto validation errors found
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR <string>:9:0:ERROR:RELAXNGV:RELAXNG_ERR_NOELEM: Expecting an element command, got nothing
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR <string>:9:0:ERROR:RELAXNGV:RELAXNG_ERR_INTERSEQ: Invalid sequence in interleave
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR <string>:9:0:ERROR:RELAXNGV:RELAXNG_ERR_CONTENTVALID: Element task failed to validate content
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR Invalid Rocoto XML:
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  1 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  2 <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  3   <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  4   <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  5 ]>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  6 <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  7   <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  8   <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR  9   <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 10     <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 11     <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 12     <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 13     <jobname>hello</jobname>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 14     <envar>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 15       <name>person</name>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 16       <value>siri</value>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 17     </envar>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 18   </task>
+     [2024-01-10T21:54:51]    ERROR 19 </workflow>
+
+  To decode this type of output, it is easiest to interpret it from the bottom up. It says:
+
+  * The task starting at Line 9 has invalid content.
+  * There was an invalid sequence.
+  * It was expecting a ``<command>`` element, but there wasn't one.
+
+  In the following example, an empty ``<dependency>`` element was added at the end of the task:
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+     :linenos:
+
+     <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+     <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+       <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+       <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+     ]>
+     <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+       <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+       <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+       <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+         <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+         <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+         <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+         <command>echo hello $person</command>
+         <jobname>hello</jobname>
+         <envar>
+           <name>person</name>
+           <value>siri</value>
+         </envar>
+         <dependency>
+         </dependency>
+       </task>
+     </workflow>
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw rocoto validate --input-file rocoto.xml
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 2 Rocoto validation errors found
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR <string>:0:0:ERROR:RELAXNGV:RELAXNG_ERR_INTEREXTRA: Extra element dependency in interleave
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR <string>:9:0:ERROR:RELAXNGV:RELAXNG_ERR_CONTENTVALID: Element task failed to validate content
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR Invalid Rocoto XML:
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  1 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  2 <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  3   <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  4   <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  5 ]>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  6 <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm">
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  7   <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  8   <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR  9   <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 10     <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 11     <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 12     <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 13     <command>echo hello $person</command>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 14     <jobname>hello</jobname>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 15     <envar>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 16       <name>person</name>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 17       <value>siri</value>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 18     </envar>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 19     <dependency>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 20     </dependency>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 21   </task>
+     [2024-01-10T21:56:14]    ERROR 22 </workflow>
+
+  Once again, interpreting from the bottom:
+
+  * The content of the task starting at Line 9 is not valid.
+  * There is an extra element ``<dependency>`` in the task.
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_template.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_template.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bdecf9df3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/cli/mode_template.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+Mode ``template``
+=================
+
+The ``uw`` mode for handling :jinja2:`Jinja2 templates<templates>`.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw template --help
+   usage: uw template [-h] MODE ...
+
+   Handle templates
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+
+   Positional arguments:
+     MODE
+       render
+         Render a template
+       translate
+         Translate atparse to Jinja2
+
+.. _cli_template_render_examples:
+
+``render``
+----------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw template render --help
+   usage: uw template render [-h] [--input-file PATH] [--output-file PATH] [--values-file PATH]
+                             [--values-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}] [--values-needed] [--dry-run]
+                             [--quiet] [--verbose]
+                             [KEY=VALUE ...]
+
+   Render a template
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --input-file PATH, -i PATH
+         Path to input file (defaults to stdin)
+     --output-file PATH, -o PATH
+         Path to output file (defaults to stdout)
+     --values-file PATH
+         Path to file providing override or interpolation values
+     --values-format {ini,nml,sh,yaml}
+         Values format
+     --values-needed
+         Print report of values needed to render template
+     --dry-run
+         Only log info, making no changes
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+     KEY=VALUE
+         A key=value pair to override/supplement config
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use template file ``template`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: jinja
+
+   {{ greeting }}, {{ recipient }}!
+
+and YAML file ``values.yaml`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   greeting: Hello
+   recipient: World
+
+* Show the values needed to render the template:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-needed
+     [2023-12-18T19:16:08]     INFO Value(s) needed to render this template are:
+     [2023-12-18T19:16:08]     INFO greeting
+     [2023-12-18T19:16:08]     INFO recipient
+
+* Render the template to ``stdout``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml
+     Hello, World!
+
+  Shell redirection via ``|``, ``>``, et al may also be used to stream output to a file, another process, etc.
+
+* Render the template to a file via command-line argument:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml --output-file rendered
+
+  The content of ``rendered``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     Hello, World!
+
+* With the ``--dry-run`` flag specified, nothing is written to ``stdout`` (or to a file if ``--output-file`` is specified), but a report of what would have been written is logged to ``stderr``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml --dry-run
+     [2023-12-18T19:38:15]     INFO Hello, World!
+
+* Read the template from ``stdin`` and render to ``stdout``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ cat template | uw template render --values-file values.yaml
+     Hello, World!
+
+* If the values file has an unrecognized (or no) extension, ``uw`` will not know how to parse its content:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.txt
+     Cannot deduce format of 'values.txt' from unknown extension 'txt'
+
+  In this case, the format can be explicitly specified:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.txt --values-format yaml
+     Hello, World!
+
+* It is an error to render a template without providing all needed values. For example, with ``recipient: World`` removed from ``values.yaml``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml
+     [2023-12-18T19:30:05]    ERROR Required value(s) not provided:
+     [2023-12-18T19:30:05]    ERROR recipient
+
+  But values may be supplemented by ``key=value`` command-line arguments, e.g.
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml recipient=Reader
+     Hello, Reader!
+
+  Such ``key=value`` arguments may also be used to *override* file-based values
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml recipient=Reader greeting="Good day"
+     Good day, Reader!
+
+* Request verbose log output:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml --verbose
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG Command: uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml --verbose
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG Internal arguments:
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG           values: values.yaml
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG    values_format: yaml
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG       input_file: template
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG      output_file: None
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG        overrides: {}
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG    values_needed: False
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG          dry_run: False
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2023-12-18T23:25:01]    DEBUG Read initial values from values.yaml
+     Hello, World!
+
+  If additional information is needed, ``--debug`` can be used which will return the stack trace from any unhandled exception as well.
+
+  Note that ``uw`` logs to ``stderr`` and writes non-log output to ``stdout``, so the streams can be redirected separately:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml --verbose >rendered 2>rendered.log
+
+  The content of ``rendered``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     Hello, World!
+
+  The content of ``rendered.log``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG Command: uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.yaml --verbose
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG Internal arguments:
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG           values: values.yaml
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG    values_format: yaml
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG       input_file: template
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG      output_file: None
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG        overrides: {}
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG    values_needed: False
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG          dry_run: False
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+     [2023-12-18T23:27:04]    DEBUG Read initial values from values.yaml
+
+* Non-YAML-formatted files may also be used as values sources. For example, ``template``
+
+  .. code-block:: jinja
+
+     {{ values.greeting }}, {{ values.recipient }}!
+
+  can be rendered with ``values.nml``
+
+  .. code-block:: fortran
+
+     &values
+       greeting = "Hello"
+       recipient = "World"
+     /
+
+  like so:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template render --input-file template --values-file values.nml
+     Hello, World!
+
+  Note that ``ini`` and ``nml`` configs are, by definition, depth-2 configs, while ``sh`` configs are depth-1 and ``yaml`` configs have arbitrary depth.
+
+.. _cli_template_translate_examples:
+
+``translate``
+-------------
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   $ uw template translate --help
+   usage: uw template translate [-h] [--input-file PATH] [--output-file PATH] [--dry-run] [--quiet]
+                                [--verbose]
+
+   Translate atparse to Jinja2
+
+   Optional arguments:
+     -h, --help
+         Show help and exit
+     --input-file PATH, -i PATH
+         Path to input file (defaults to stdin)
+     --output-file PATH, -o PATH
+         Path to output file (defaults to stdout)
+     --dry-run
+         Only log info, making no changes
+     --debug
+         Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+     --quiet, -q
+         Print no logging messages
+     --verbose, -v
+         Print all logging messages
+
+Examples
+^^^^^^^^
+
+The examples that follow use atparse-formatted template file ``atparse.txt`` with content
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   @[greeting], @[recipient]!
+
+* Convert an atparse-formatted template file to Jinja2 format:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template translate --input-file atparse.txt
+     {{greeting}}, {{recipient}}!
+
+  Shell redirection via ``|``, ``>``, et al may also be used to stream output to a file, another process, etc.
+
+* Convert the template to a file via command-line argument:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template translate --input-file atparse.txt --output-file jinja2.txt
+
+  The content of ``jinja2.txt``:
+
+  .. code-block:: jinja
+
+     {{greeting}}, {{recipient}}!
+
+* With the ``--dry-run`` flag specified, nothing is written to ``stdout`` (or to a file if ``--output-file`` is specified), but a report of what would have been written is logged to ``stderr``:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     $ uw template translate --input-file atparse.txt --dry-run
+     [2024-01-03T16:41:13]     INFO {{greeting}}, {{recipient}}!
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/index.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1e5d39734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+User Guide
+==========
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   installation
+   cli/index
+   api/index
+   uw_yaml/index
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/installation.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/installation.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b9ac3b1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/installation.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+Installation
+============
+
+**NOTE:** Developers should visit the :doc:`Developer Setup <../contributor_guide/developer_setup>` section located in the :doc:`Contributor Guide <../contributor_guide/index>`.
+
+The recommended installation mechanism uses the Python package and virtual-environment manager :conda:`conda<>`. Specifically, these instructions assume use of the :miniforge:`Miniforge<>` variant of :miniconda:`Miniconda<>`, built to use, by default, packages from the :conda-forge:`conda-forge<>` project. Users of the original :miniconda:`Miniconda<>` or the :anaconda:`Anaconda distribution<>` should add the flags ``-c conda-forge --override-channels`` to ``conda`` commands to specify the required package channels.
+
+Use an Existing conda Installation
+----------------------------------
+
+Install Into an Existing Environment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+To install ``uwtools`` into an existing environment in an existing conda (e.g. :miniforge:`Miniforge<>`, :miniconda:`Miniconda<>`, :anaconda:`Anaconda<>`) installation:
+
+#. Activate that environment.
+#. Identify the ``uwtools`` version number to install from the available versions shown by ``conda search -c ufs-community --override-channels uwtools``.
+#. Install ``uwtools`` into the active environment:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      conda install -c ufs-community uwtools=<version>
+
+Create a Standalone ``uwtools`` Environment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+To create a standalone conda environment providing ``uwtools``:
+
+#. Identify the ``uwtools`` version number to install from the available versions shown by ``conda search -c ufs-community --override-channels uwtools``.
+#. Create the environment (here named ``uwtools`` via the ``-n`` flag, but any name may be used):
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      conda create -n uwtools -c ufs-community uwtools=<version>
+
+Use a Fresh Miniforge Installation
+----------------------------------
+
+If no existing conda installation is available, install :miniforge:`Miniforge<>`
+
+.. include:: ../../shared/miniforge3_instructions.rst
+
+#. Continue with the `Use an Existing conda Installation`_ instructions.
+
+Build the ``uwtools`` Package Locally
+-------------------------------------
+
+#. Install the necessary build packages into the conda installation's base environment (see the `Use a Fresh Miniforge Installation`_ instructions if an installation is unavailable or not writable):
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      conda install conda-build conda-verify
+
+#. In a clone of the :uwtools:`uwtools repository<>`, build the ``uwtools`` package:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      cd /to/your/uwtools/clone
+      conda build recipe
+
+#. Verify local availability of the newly built package:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      conda search -c local --override-channels uwtools # do not add -c conda-forge to this command
+
+#. Optionally, create an environment from the newly built package:
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      conda create -n uwtools -c local uwtools[=<version>] # specify version if multiple choices are available
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/field_table_yaml.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/field_table_yaml.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43888ac5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/field_table_yaml.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+.. _defining_a_field_table:
+
+Defining a ``field_table``
+==========================
+
+The :ufs-weather-model:`UFS Weather Model<>` requires as one of its inputs (:weather-model-io:`documented here<model-configuration-files>`) a ``field_table`` file in a :weather-model-io:`custom format<field-table-file>`. Its contents can be defined in a UW YAML, then created with ``uwtools``.
+
+To generate a given ``field_table`` entry with the form:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   "TRACER", "atmos_mod", "sphum"
+             "longname",     "specific humidity"
+             "units",        "kg/kg"
+             "profile_type", "fixed", "surface_value=3.e-6" /
+
+Entries can be represented in YAML with the form:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   sphum:
+     longname: specific humidity
+     units: kg/kg
+     profile_type:
+       name: fixed
+       surface_value: 3.e-6
+
+
+Additional tracers may be added at the same level of YAML indentation as ``sphum:`` in the above example.
+
+UW YAML Keys
+------------
+
+``sphum:``
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The short name of the tracer, to create the corresponding ``field_table`` entry's first line.
+
+``longname:``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The descriptive name of the tracer.
+
+``units:``
+^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The units of the tracer, to create the corresponding ``field_table`` entry's ``"units"`` line.
+
+``profile_type:``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+This block requires a ``name:`` entry that describes the profile type. Acceptable values (per the ``field_table`` spec) are ``fixed`` or ``profile``. The ``surface_value:`` is required in both cases, while the ``top_value:`` is required for only the ``profile`` option.
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/forecast_yaml.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/forecast_yaml.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a046d7fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/forecast_yaml.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+.. _forecast_yaml:
+
+Forecast YAML
+=============
+
+The structured YAML to run a forecast is described below. It is enforced via JSON Schema.
+
+In this block, there are entries that define where the forecast will run (``run_directory:``), what will run (``executable:``), the data files that should be staged (``cycle_dependent:`` and ``static:``), and blocks that correspond to the configuration files required by the forecast model (``fd_ufs:``, ``field_table:``, ``namelist:``, etc.). Each of the configuration file blocks will allow the user to set a template file as input, or to define a configuration file in its native key/value pair format with an option to update the values (``update_values:``) contained in the original input file (``base_file:``).
+
+The configuration files required by the UFS Weather Model are documented :weather-model-io:`here<model-configuration-files>`.
+
+The ``forecast:`` block
+-----------------------
+
+This section describes the specifics of the FV3 atmosphere forecast component.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  forecast:
+    cycle_dependent:
+      INPUT/gfs_data.nc: /path/to/gfs_data.nc
+      INPUT/sfc_data.nc: /path/to/sfc_data.nc
+      INPUT/gfs_ctrl.nc: /path/to/gfs_ctrl.nc
+    diag_table: /path/to/diag_table/template/file
+    domain: regional
+    executable: fv3.exe
+    fd_ufs:
+      base_file: /path/to/base/fd_ufs.yaml
+    field_table:
+      base_file: /path/to/field_table.yaml
+      update_values:
+        liq_wat:
+          longname: cloud water mixing ratio
+          units: kg/kg
+          profile_type:
+            name: fixed
+            surface_value: 2.0
+    length: 12
+    model_configure:
+      base_file: /path/to/base/model_configure
+      update_values:
+        write_dopost: .false.
+    namelist:
+      base_file: /path/to/base/input.nml
+      update_values:
+        fv_core_nml:
+          k_split: 2
+          n_split: 6
+    run_dir: /path/to/forecast/run/directory/{yyyymmddhh}
+    static:
+      fv3.exe: /path/to/executable/ufs_model
+      INPUT/grid_spec.nc: /path/to/grid_spec.nc
+      ...
+      data_table: /path/to/data_table
+      eta_micro_lookup.data: /path/to/noahmptable.dat
+      noahmptable.tbl: /path/to/noahmptable.tbl
+    ufs_configure: /path/to/template/ufs.configure
+
+.. _updating_values:
+
+Updating Values
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Many of the blocks describe configuration files needed by the UFS Weather Model, i.e. ``namelist:``, ``fd_ufs:``, ``model_configure:``. The ``base_file:`` entry in a given block is required to initially stage the file; it can then be modified via an ``update_values:`` block.
+
+To ensure the correct values are updated, the hierarchy of entries in the base file must be mirrored under the ``update_values:`` block. Multiple entries within a block may be updated and they need not follow the same order as those in the base file. For example, the base file named ``people.yaml`` may contain:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   person:
+     age: 19
+     address:
+       city: Boston
+       number: 12
+       state: MA
+       street: Acorn St
+     name: Jane
+
+Then the entries in the ``update_values:`` YAML block would override this base file with the entries:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   base_file: people.yaml
+   update_values:
+     person:
+       address:
+         street: Main St
+         number: 99
+
+The contents of the staged ``people.yaml`` that results:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   person:
+     age: 19
+     address:
+       city: Boston
+       number: 99
+       state: MA
+       street: Main St
+     name: Jane
+
+
+UW YAML Keys
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``cycle_dependent:``
+""""""""""""""""""""
+
+This block contains a set of files to stage in the run directory: File names as they appear in the run directory are keys and their source paths are the values. Source paths can be provided as a single string path, or a list of paths to be staged in a common directory under their original names.
+
+  .. warning:: The current version does not support adding cycle information to the content of the files, and this information must be hard-coded in the YAML file.
+
+``diag_table:``
+"""""""""""""""
+
+The path to the input Jinja2 template for the ``diag_table`` file.
+
+The diag_table is described :weather-model-io:`here<diag-table-file>`.
+
+``domain:``
+"""""""""""
+
+A switch to differentiate between a global or regional configuration. Accepted values are ``global`` and ``regional``.
+
+``executable:``
+"""""""""""""""
+
+The path to the compiled executable.
+
+``fd_ufs:``
+""""""""""""
+
+This block requires a ``base_file:`` entry that contains the path to the YAML file. An optional ``update_values:`` block may be provided to update any values contained in the base file. Please see the :ref:`updating_values` section for providing information in these entries.
+
+The ``fd_ufs.yaml`` file is a structured YAML used by the FV3 weather model. The tested version can be found in the :ufs-weather-model:`ufs-weather-model repository<blob/develop/tests/parm/fd_ufs.yaml>`. The naming convention for the dictionary entries are documented :cmeps:`here<>`.
+
+``field_table:``
+""""""""""""""""
+
+The block requires a ``base_file:`` entry that contains the path to the YAML file. An optional ``update_values:`` block may be provided to update any values contained in the base file. Please see the :ref:`updating_values` section for providing information in these entries.
+
+If a predefined field table (i.e., not a configurable YAML) is to be used, include it in the ``static:`` block.
+
+The documentation for the ``field_table`` file is :weather-model-io:`here<field-table-file>`. Information on how to structure the UW YAML for configuring a ``field_table`` is in the :ref:`defining_a_field_table` Section.
+
+``length:``
+"""""""""""
+
+The length of the forecast in hours.
+
+``model_configure:``
+""""""""""""""""""""
+
+The block requires a ``base_file:`` entry that contains the path to the YAML file. An optional ``update_values:`` block may be provided to update any values contained in the base file. Please see the :ref:`updating_values` section for providing information in these entries.
+
+The documentation for the ``model_configure`` file is :weather-model-io:`here<model-configure-file>`.
+
+``namelist:``
+"""""""""""""
+
+The block requires a ``base_file:`` entry that contains the path to the namelist file. An optional ``update_values:`` block may be provided to update any values contained in the base file. Please see the :ref:`updating_values` section for providing information in these entries.
+
+The documentation for the FV3 namelist, ``input.nml`` is :weather-model-io:`here<namelist-file-input-nml>`.
+
+``run_dir:``
+""""""""""""
+
+The path where the forecast input data will be staged and output data will appear after a successful forecast.
+
+``static:``
+"""""""""""
+
+This block contains a set of files to stage in the run directory: file names as they appear in the run directory are keys and their source paths are the values. Source paths can be provided as a single string path, or a list of paths to be staged in a common directory under their original names.
+
+``ufs_configure:``
+
+"""""""""""""""""""
+
+The path to the input Jinja2 template for the ``ufs.configure`` file.
+
+The documentation for the ``ufs.configure`` file is :weather-model-io:`here<ufs-configure-file>`.
+
+The ``platform:`` block
+-----------------------
+
+This block describes necessary facts about the computational platform.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  platform:
+    mpicmd: srun # required
+    scheduler: slurm
+
+``mpicmd:``
+^^^^^^^^^^^
+The MPI command used to run the model executable. Typical options are ``srun``, ``mpirun``, ``mpiexec``, etc. System administrators should be able to advise the appropriate choice, if needed.
+
+``scheduler:``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+The name of the batch system. Supported options are ``lfs``, ``pbs``, and ``slurm``.
+
+The ``preprocessing:`` block
+----------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  preprocessing:
+    lateral_boundary_conditions:
+      interval_hours: 3 # optional, default
+      offset: 0 # optional, default
+      output_file_path: # required
+
+``lateral_boundary_conditions:``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+The optional block describes how the lateral boundary conditions have been prepared for a limited-area configuration of the model forecast. It is required for a limited-area forecast. The following entries in its subtree are used for the forecast:
+
+``interval_hours:``
+"""""""""""""""""""
+The integer number of hours setting how frequently the lateral boundary conditions will be used in the model forecast.
+
+``offset:``
+"""""""""""
+The integer number of hours setting how many hours earlier the external model used for boundary conditions started compared to the desired forecast cycle.
+
+``output_file_path:``
+"""""""""""""""""""""""""
+The path to the lateral boundary conditions files prepared for the forecast. It accepts the integer ``forecast_hour`` as a Python template, e.g., ``/path/to/srw.t00z.gfs_bndy.tile7.f{forecast_hour:03d}.nc``.
+
+The ``user:`` block
+-------------------
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+  user:
+    account: my_account # optional
+
+``account:``
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+The user account associated with the batch system.
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/index.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a0fe1a7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+UW YAML
+=======
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 1
+
+   field_table_yaml
+   forecast_yaml
+   rocoto_yaml
diff --git a/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/rocoto_yaml.rst b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/rocoto_yaml.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28236c0fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/sections/user_guide/uw_yaml/rocoto_yaml.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,642 @@
+.. _defining_a_workflow:
+
+Defining a Rocoto Workflow
+==========================
+
+:rocoto:`Rocoto<>` is a workflow manager widely used by :ufs:`UFS<>` users and developers. It uses a custom XML language to define a set of tasks, their computational resource needs on a batch system, and their dependencies.
+
+To date, it has been challenging to manage XML files that must support a multitude of workflow options. The ``uw rocoto`` tool defines a UW YAML language that can be easily manipulated like any other key/value configuration file and translates it into the syntax required by Rocoto. This enables flexibility to arbitrarily make changes to any workflow while UFS Apps can track the highest priority configurations for Community and Operational use.
+
+Workflow Section
+----------------
+
+Starting at the top level of the UW YAML config for Rocoto, there are several required sections. See the example and explanation below:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   workflow:
+     attrs:
+       realtime: false
+       scheduler: slurm
+     cycledef:
+       - attrs:
+           activation_offset: -06:00
+           group: howdy
+         spec: 202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00
+     entities:
+       ACCOUNT: myaccount
+       FOO: test.log
+     log: /some/path/to/&FOO;
+     tasks:
+       ...
+
+UW YAML Keys
+^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+``attrs:``: This section allows users to define any number of the available attributes to the ``<workflow>`` tag in Rocoto's native XML language. Set each with a key/value that matches the exact syntax needed by Rocoto. These attributes work to fill in the ``<workflow>`` tag. For example,
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <workflow realtime="false" scheduler="slurm">
+   ...
+   </workflow>
+
+``cycledef:``: This section is a list of grouped cycle definitions for a workflow. Any number of ``cycledef:`` keys is supported. Similar to ``attrs:`` for the ``workflow:`` level, this section has an ``attrs:`` key that follows the exact requirements of those in the Rocoto XML language. The ``spec:`` key is required and supports either the "start, stop, step" syntax, or the "crontab-like" method supported by Rocoto. The example above translates to a single ``<cycledef>`` tag:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
+
+``entities:``: This section defines key/value pairs -- each rendered as ``<!ENTITY key "value">`` -- to translate to named entities (variables) in XML. The example above would yield:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
+   <!DOCTYPE workflow [
+     <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
+     <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
+   ]>
+
+``log:``: This is a path-like string that defines where to put the Rocoto logs. It corresponds to the ``<log>`` tag. For example:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
+
+``tasks:``: This section is explained in the ``Tasks Section``.
+
+Using Cycle Strings
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The ``<cyclestr>`` tag in Rocoto transforms specific flags to represent components of the current cycle at run time. For example, an ISO date string like ``2023-01-01T12:00:00`` is represented as ``'@Y-@m-@dT@X'``. See the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for full details. In the UW YAML, the ``cyclestr:`` block can be used anywhere that Rocoto will accept a ``<cyclestr>`` to achieve this result. The required structure of a ``cyclestr:`` block is a ``value:``, like this:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   entities:
+     FOO: test@Y-@m-@dT@X.log
+   log:
+     cyclestr:
+       value: /some/path/to/&FOO;
+
+In the example, the resulting log would appear in the XML file as:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <log>
+     <cyclestr>/some/path/to/&FOO;</cyclestr>
+   </log>
+
+The ``attrs:`` block is optional within the ``cyclestr:`` block, and can be used to specify the cycle offset.
+
+Tasks Section
+-------------
+
+The ``tasks:`` section is a nested structure that can be arbitrarily deep and defines all the tasks and metatasks in a Rocoto workflow. One or more task or metatask keys are required in this high-level ``tasks:`` section.
+
+Defining Tasks
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Let's dissect the following task example:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   task_hello:
+     attrs:
+       cycledefs: howdy
+     account: "&ACCOUNT;"
+     command: "echo hello $person"
+     nodes: 1:ppn=1
+     walltime: 00:01:00
+     envars:
+       person: siri
+     dependencies:
+
+Each task is named by its UW YAML key. Blocks under ``tasks:`` prefixed with ``task_`` will be named with what follows the prefix. In the example above the task will be named ``hello`` and will appear in the XML like this:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy">
+     <jobname>hello</jobname>
+     ...
+   </task>
+
+where the ``attrs:`` section may set any of the Rocoto-allowed XML attributes. The ``<jobname>`` tag will, by default, use the same name, but may be overridden with an explicit ``jobname:`` key under the task.
+
+The name of the task can be any string accepted by Rocoto as a task name (including additional underscores), but must contain the leading ``task_`` to be recognized as a task.
+
+``command:``: The command that will be run in the batch job.
+
+``envars:``: Any number of key/value pairs defining bash variable names and their corresponding values, to be exported to the environment in which ``<command>`` will run, each rendered in XML like this:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <envar>
+     <name>person</name>
+     <value>siri</value>
+   </envar>
+
+``dependencies:``: [Optional] Any number of dependencies accepted by Rocoto. This section is described in more detail below.
+
+The other keys not specifically mentioned here follow the same conventions as described in the :rocoto:`Rocoto<>` documentation.
+
+Defining Dependencies for Tasks
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Optional dependencies, structured as boolean expressions, define the readiness of a task to run. Dependency specification in YAML is described here; see the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for more details.
+
+UW YAML dependency key names should mirror Rocoto XML dependency tag names, optionally suffixed with an underscore followed by an arbitrary descriptor. For example, a ``<streq>`` tag might appear in YAML as ``streq_check_flag:``.
+
+Specifying Tag Attributes
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Each of the dependencies that require attributes (the ``key="value"`` parts inside the XML tag) can be specified with an ``attrs:`` block. For example:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   task_hello:
+     command: "hello world"
+     ...
+   task_goodbye:
+     command: "goodbye"
+     dependencies:
+        taskdep:
+          attrs:
+            task: hello
+
+Here, the ``taskdep:`` dependency says that the ``goodbye`` task cannot run until the ``hello`` task is complete. The resulting Rocoto XML looks like this:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <task name="hello">
+     ...
+   </task>
+   <task name="goodbye"/>
+     ...
+     <dependency>
+       <taskdep task="hello"/>
+     </dependency>
+   </task>
+
+Repeated Dependencies and Boolean Operators
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Because UW YAML represents a hash table (a dictionary in Python), each key at the same level must be unique. To accomplish this in the UW YAML format, any of the dependencies can be specified with an arbitrary unique suffix following an underscore. When duplicates appear at the same level, they *must* have unique names. In the following example, there are multiple data dependencies for the basic ``hello`` task.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   task_hello:
+     command: "hello world"
+     ...
+     dependencies:
+       and:
+         datadep_foo:
+           value: "foo.txt"
+         datadep_bar:
+           value: "bar.txt"
+
+This would result in Rocoto XML in this form:
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <task name="hello"/>
+     ...
+     <dependency>
+       <and>
+         <datadep>"foo.txt"</datadep>
+         <datadep>"bar.txt"</datadep>
+       </and>
+     </dependency>
+   </task>
+
+The ``datadep_foo:`` and ``datadep_bar:`` UW YAML keys were named arbitrarily after the first ``_``, but could have been even more descriptive such as ``datadep_foo_file:`` or ``datadep_foo_text:``. The important part is that the YAML key prefix matches the Rocoto XML tag name.
+
+This example also demonstrates the use of Rocoto's **boolean operator tags** in the structured UW YAML, e.g. ``<or>``, ``<not>``, etc.. The structure follows the tree in the Rocoto XML language in that each of the sub-elements of the ``<and>`` tag translate to sub-trees in UW YAML. Multiple of the boolean operator tags can be set at the same level just as with any other tag type by adding a descriptive suffix starting with an underscore. In the above example, the ``and:`` key could have equivalently been named ``and_data_files:`` to achieve an identical Rocoto XML result.
+
+Defining Metatasks
+------------------
+
+A Rocoto ``metatask`` expands into one or more tasks via substitution of values, defined under the ``var:`` key, into placeholders bracketed with pound signs. Each variable must provide the same number of values. Here is UW YAML that localizes a greeting to a variety of languages:
+
+.. Leaving this one as text because the #'s show up as comments, which is unhelpful
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   metatask_greetings:
+     var:
+       greeting: hello hola bonjour
+       person: Jane John Jenn
+     task_#greeting#:
+       command: "echo #greeting# #world#"
+       ...
+
+This translates to Rocoto XML (whitespace added for readability):
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <metatask name=greetings/>
+
+     <var name="greeting">hello hola bonjour</var>
+     <var name="person">Jane John Jenn</var>
+
+     <task name='#greeting#'>
+
+       <command>echo #greeting# #person#<command>
+       ...
+
+     </task>
+   </metatask>
+
+UW YAML Definitions
+-------------------
+
+In this section, the example in UW YAML will be followed by its representation in Rocoto XML. Please see the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for specifics on their use when defining a workflow.
+
+The ``cyclestr:`` Key
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   cyclestr:
+     value: "/some/path/to/workflow_@Y@m@d@H.log" # required
+     attrs:
+       offset: "1:00:00"
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <cyclestr offset="1:00:00">"/some/path/to/workflow_@Y@m@d@H.log"</cyclestr>
+
+The ``workflow:`` Key
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   workflow:
+     attrs:
+       cyclethrottle: 2
+       realtime: true # required
+       scheduler: slurm # required
+       taskthrottle: 20
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <workflow cyclethrottle="2" realtime="true" scheduler="slurm" taskthrottle="20">
+     ...
+   </workflow>
+
+Defining Cycles
+---------------
+
+At least one ``cycledef:`` is required.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   cycledef:
+     - attrs:
+         group: synop
+         activation_offset: "-1:00:00"
+       spec: 202301011200 202301021200 06:00:00 # Also accepts crontab-like string
+     - attrs:
+         group: hourly
+       spec: 202301011200 202301021200 01:00:00 # Also accepts crontab-like string
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <cycledef group="synop" activation_offset="-1:00:00">202301011200 202301021200 06:00:00</cycledef>
+   <cycledef group="hourly">202301011200 202301021200 01:00:00</cycledef>
+
+Defining Entities
+-----------------
+
+Any number of entities may optionally be specified.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   entities:
+     FOO: 12
+     BAR: baz
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <?xml version="1.0"?>
+   <!DOCTYPE workflow
+   [
+       <!ENTITY FOO "12">
+       <!ENTITY BAR "baz">
+   ]>
+
+Defining the Workflow Log
+-------------------------
+
+``log:`` is a required entry.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   log: /some/path/to/workflow.log
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <log>/some/path/to/workflow.log</log>
+
+A cycle string may be specified here, instead.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   log:
+     cyclestr:
+       value: /some/path/to/workflow_@Y@m@d.log
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <log><cyclestr>/some/path/to/workflow_@Y@m@d.log</cyclestr></log>
+
+Defining the Set of Tasks
+-------------------------
+
+At least one task or metatask must be defined in the ``tasks:`` section.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   tasks:
+     task_*:
+     metatask_*:
+
+The ``task_*:`` Key
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Multiple ``task_*:`` YAML entries may exist under the ``tasks:`` and/or ``metatask_*:`` keys. At least one must be specified per workflow.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   task_foo:
+     attrs:
+       cycledefs: hourly
+       maxtries: 2
+       throttle: 10
+       final: false
+     command: echo hello world
+     walltime: 00:10:00
+     cores: 1
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <task name="foo" cycledefs="hourly" maxtries="2" throttle="10" final="False">
+     ...
+   </task>
+
+The following keys take strings values. Please see the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for specifics on how to set them.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   account:
+   exclusive:
+   jobname:
+   join:
+   memory:
+   native:
+   nodes:
+   partition:
+   queue:
+   rewind:
+   shared:
+   stderr:
+   stdout:
+
+The following UW YAML keys take integer, string, or ``cyclestr:`` values.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   command:
+   deadline:
+   jobname:
+   join:
+   native:
+   stderr:
+   stdout:
+
+The ``dependency:`` Key
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The ``dependency:`` key supports various child options that define task readiness. They may be categorized as boolean operators, comparison operators, and dependencies. Please see the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for specifics on how to use any of these dependencies.
+
+Boolean Operator Keys
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+Boolean operator keys operate on **one or more additional dependency entries** from any category in their subtrees.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   and:
+   or:
+   not:
+   nand:
+   nor:
+   xor:
+   some:
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   or:
+     datadep:
+       value: /some/path/to/foo.txt
+     taskdep:
+       attrs:
+         task: foo
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <dependency>
+     <or>
+       <datadep>/some/path/to/foo.txt</datadep>
+       <taskdep task="foo"/>
+     </or>
+   </dependency>
+
+Comparison Depenedencies
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+The ``streq:`` and ``strneq:`` keys compare the values in their ``left:`` and ``right:`` children, and accept ``cyclestr:`` blocks as well as simple strings.
+
+.. code-block:: yaml
+
+   streq:
+     left: &FOO;
+     right: bar
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <dependency>
+     <streq>
+       <left>&FOO;</left>
+       <right>bar</right>
+     </streq>
+   </dependency>
+
+Dependency Keys
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+* The ``taskdep:`` key defines a dependency on another task's successful completion:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     taskdep:
+       attrs:
+         cycle_offset: "-06:00:00"
+         state: succeeded
+         task: hello # required
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <dependency>
+       <taskdep task="hello" state="succeeded" cycle_offset="-06:00:00"/>
+     </dependency>
+
+* The ``taskvalid`` key defines a dependency on another task being defined in the same cycle. In this example, the task defined with the ``taskvalid:`` dependency would be runnable only if a task ``bar`` were defined in the same cycle:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     validtask:
+       attrs:
+         task: bar
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <dependency>
+       <taskvalid task="bar"/>
+     </dependency>
+
+* The ``metataskdep:`` key defines a dependency on a metatask:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     metataskdep:
+       attrs:
+         cycle_offset: "-06:00:00"
+         state: succeeded
+         metatask: greetings # required
+         threshold: 1
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <dependency>
+       <metataskdep metatask="greetings" state="succeeded" cycle_offset="-06:00:00" threshold="1"/>
+     </dependency>
+
+* The ``datadep:`` key defines a dependency on on-disk data:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     datadep:
+       attrs:
+         age: 120
+         minsize: 1024b
+       value: /path/to/a/file.txt # required
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <dependency>
+       <datadep age="120" minsize="1024b">/path/to/a/file.txt</datadep>
+     </dependency>
+
+   * The ``value:`` key accepts a ``cyclestr:`` block.
+
+* The ``timedep:`` key defines a dependency on a real-world time:
+
+  .. code-block:: text
+
+     timedep:
+       cyclestr:
+         value: @Y@m@d@H@M@S
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <dependency>
+       <timedep><cyclestr>@Y@m@d@H@M@S</cyclestr></timedep>
+     </dependency>
+
+  * The ``timedep:`` key will almost certainly want a ``cyclestr:`` block.
+
+* The ``sh:`` key defines a dependency on the successful execution of a shell command:
+
+  .. code-block:: yaml
+
+     sh:
+       command: test $(find /some/dir -type f -name "*.grib2" | wc -l) -eq 24
+
+  .. code-block:: xml
+
+     <dependency>
+       <sh>test $(find /some/dir -type f -name "*.grib2" | wc -l) -eq 24</sh>
+     </dependency>
+
+  * The ``command:`` key accepts a ``cyclestr:`` block.
+  * The ``sh:`` key may be suffixed with an underscore and a name to provide a unique name for the dependency, e.g. ``sh_count_grib:`` would translate to XML tag ``<sh name="count_grib">``.
+  * The optional attributes ``runopt`` and ``shell`` are accepted under an ``attrs:`` key. See the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for details.
+
+The ``metatask:`` Key
+---------------------
+
+One or more metatasks may be included under the ``tasks:`` key, or nested under other ``metatask_*:`` keys.
+
+Here is an example of specifying a nested metatask.
+
+.. Leaving this one as text because the #'s show up as comments, which is unhelpful.
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   metatask_member:
+     attrs:
+       mode: parallel
+       throttle: 2
+     var:
+       member: 001 002 003
+     metatask_graphics_#member#_field:
+       var:
+         field: temp u v
+       task_graphics_mem#member#_#field#:
+         command: "echo $member $field"
+         envars:
+           member: #member#
+           field: #field#
+         ...
+
+This will run tasks named:
+
+.. code-block:: text
+
+   graphics_mem001_temp
+   graphics_mem002_temp
+   graphics_mem003_temp
+   graphics_mem001_u
+   graphics_mem002_u
+   graphics_mem003_u
+   graphics_mem001_v
+   graphics_mem002_v
+   graphics_mem003_v
+
+The XML will look like this
+
+.. code-block:: xml
+
+   <metatask mode="parallel" name="member" throttle="2">
+     <var name="member">001 002 003</var>
+
+     <metatask name="graphics_#member#_field">
+       <var name="field">001 002 003</var>
+
+       <task name="graphics_mem#member#_#field#">
+         <command>"echo $member $field"</command>
+         <envar>
+           <name>member</name>
+           <value>mem#member#</value>
+         </envar>
+         <envar>
+           <name>field</name>
+           <value>#field#</value>
+         </envar>
+         ...
+       </task>
+
+     </metatask>
+   </metatask>
+
+* The optional attributes ``mode`` and ``throttle`` are accepted under an ``attrs:`` key. See the :rocoto:`Rocoto documentation<>` for details.
diff --git a/docs/shared/miniforge3_instructions.rst b/docs/shared/miniforge3_instructions.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39c8823f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/shared/miniforge3_instructions.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+This recipe uses the ``aarch64`` (64-bit ARM) Miniforge for Linux, and installs into ``$HOME/conda``. Adjust as necessary for the target system.
+
+#. Download, install, and activate the latest :miniforge3:`Miniforge<>` for the target system.
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      wget https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge/releases/latest/download/Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh
+      bash Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh -bfp ~/conda
+      rm Miniforge3-Linux-aarch64.sh
+      source ~/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh
+      conda activate
+
+   After initial installation, this conda may be activated with the command
+
+   .. code-block:: text
+
+      source ~/conda/etc/profile.d/conda.sh && conda activate
diff --git a/docs/static/custom.css b/docs/static/custom.css
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..859fe191f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/static/custom.css
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+/* Leave more space between lines of text in tables. */
+
+html.writer-html5 .rst-content table.docutils td>p {
+  line-height: 1.5em;
+}
+
+/* Let the content expand with the window. */
+
+.wy-nav-content {
+  max-width: none;
+}
+
+/* Disable the horizontal scrollbar on tables. */
+
+.wy-table-responsive {
+  overflow-x: hidden;
+}
diff --git a/docs/_static/UFS_image.png b/docs/static/ufs.png
similarity index 100%
rename from docs/_static/UFS_image.png
rename to docs/static/ufs.png
diff --git a/recipe/README.md b/recipe/README.md
index e6104789b..9a53573a0 100644
--- a/recipe/README.md
+++ b/recipe/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Do not manually edit `meta.json`.
 
-If `meta.yaml` or `conda_build_config.yaml` (which it depends on) change, regenerate `meta.json` by running `make meta` in the git clone root, from a shell with conda activated and the `condev` package installed (i.e. not a development shell). Commit the updated `meta.json` file.
+If `meta.yaml` changes, regenerate `meta.json` by running `make meta` in the git clone root, from a shell with conda activated and the `condev` package installed (i.e. not a development shell). Commit the updated `meta.json` file.
 
 A `make devshell` command will also automatically update `meta.json` if its dependencies have changed.
diff --git a/recipe/conda_build_config.yaml b/recipe/conda_build_config.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index a62f13961..000000000
--- a/recipe/conda_build_config.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-release:
-  - 3.9
-  - 3.10
-  - 3.11
diff --git a/recipe/meta.json b/recipe/meta.json
index ebdce24da..7797a7ea7 100644
--- a/recipe/meta.json
+++ b/recipe/meta.json
@@ -1,34 +1,34 @@
 {
-  "build": "pyh28a5fc4_0",
+  "build": "py_0",
   "buildnum": "0",
   "name": "uwtools",
   "packages": {
     "dev": [
-      "black =23.3.*",
-      "boto3 =1.22.*",
-      "coverage =7.2.*",
+      "black =23.11.*",
+      "coverage =7.3.*",
       "docformatter =1.7.*",
       "f90nml =1.4.*",
-      "isort =5.12.*",
-      "jinja2 =3.0.*",
-      "jsonschema =4.17.*",
+      "isort =5.13.*",
+      "jinja2 =3.1.*",
+      "jq =1.7.*",
+      "jsonschema =4.20.*",
       "lxml =4.9.*",
-      "mypy =1.4.*",
+      "make >=3.8",
+      "mypy =1.8.*",
       "pip",
-      "pylint =2.17.*",
+      "pylint =3.0.*",
       "pytest =7.4.*",
-      "python =3.11",
+      "python >=3.9,<3.12",
       "pyyaml =6.0.*"
     ],
     "run": [
-      "boto3 =1.22.*",
       "f90nml =1.4.*",
-      "jinja2 =3.0.*",
-      "jsonschema =4.17.*",
+      "jinja2 =3.1.*",
+      "jsonschema =4.20.*",
       "lxml =4.9.*",
-      "python =3.11",
+      "python >=3.9,<3.12",
       "pyyaml =6.0.*"
     ]
   },
-  "version": "1.0.0"
+  "version": "1.1.0"
 }
diff --git a/recipe/meta.yaml b/recipe/meta.yaml
index 6602f6fbb..d62a7342f 100644
--- a/recipe/meta.yaml
+++ b/recipe/meta.yaml
@@ -1,31 +1,32 @@
 package:
   name: uwtools
-  version: 1.0.0
+  version: 1.1.0
 source:
   path: ../src
 build:
   include_recipe: false
   noarch: python
-  number: 0
+  number: 0 # <= always reset to 0 when version changes
 requirements:
   host:
     - pip
   run:
-    - boto3 1.22.*
     - f90nml 1.4.*
-    - jinja2 3.0.*
-    - jsonschema 4.17.*
+    - jinja2 3.1.*
+    - jsonschema 4.20.*
     - lxml 4.9.*
-    - python {{ release }}
+    - python >=3.9,<3.12
     - pyyaml 6.0.*
 test:
   requires:
-    - black 23.3.*
-    - coverage 7.2.*
+    - black 23.11.*
+    - coverage 7.3.*
     - docformatter 1.7.*
-    - isort 5.12.*
-    - mypy 1.4.*
-    - pylint 2.17.*
+    - isort 5.13.*
+    - jq 1.7.*
+    - make >=3.8
+    - mypy 1.8.*
+    - pylint 3.0.*
     - pytest 7.4.*
 about:
   license: LGPL
diff --git a/src/pyproject.toml b/src/pyproject.toml
index 80fd9f03b..4e6036746 100644
--- a/src/pyproject.toml
+++ b/src/pyproject.toml
@@ -22,9 +22,8 @@ profile = "black"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 check_untyped_defs = true
-follow_imports = "skip"
-ignore_missing_imports = true
 pretty = true
+warn_return_any = true
 
 [tool.pylint.messages_control]
 disable = [
@@ -37,16 +36,11 @@ disable = [
   "too-many-instance-attributes",
   "too-many-lines",
   "too-many-locals",
-  "too-many-statements",
+  "too-many-public-methods",
   "unnecessary-lambda-assignment",
   "use-dict-literal",
 ]
-
-extension-pkg-allow-list = [
-  "lxml",
-]
-
+extension-pkg-allow-list = ["lxml"]
 recursive = true
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
-filterwarnings = ["ignore::DeprecationWarning:botocore.*"]
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/gateway/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/api/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/uwtools/files/gateway/__init__.py
rename to src/uwtools/api/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/uwtools/api/config.py b/src/uwtools/api/config.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4dc645a60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/api/config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+import os
+from typing import List, Optional, Union
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.fieldtable import FieldTableConfig as _FieldTableConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.ini import INIConfig as _INIConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.nml import NMLConfig as _NMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.sh import SHConfig as _SHConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import Config as _Config
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig as _YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.tools import compare_configs as _compare
+from uwtools.config.tools import realize_config as _realize
+from uwtools.config.validator import validate_yaml as _validate_yaml
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT as _FORMAT
+
+# Public
+
+
+def compare(
+    config_1_path: DefinitePath,
+    config_2_path: DefinitePath,
+    config_1_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    config_2_format: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    NB: This docstring is dynamically replaced: See compare.__doc__ definition below.
+    """
+    return _compare(
+        config_1_path=config_1_path,
+        config_2_path=config_2_path,
+        config_1_format=config_1_format,
+        config_2_format=config_2_format,
+    )
+
+
+def get_fieldtable_config(config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> _FieldTableConfig:
+    """
+    Get a ``FieldTableConfig`` object.
+
+    :param config: FieldTable file to load (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``), or initial
+        ``dict``
+    :return: An initialized ``FieldTableConfig`` object
+    """
+    return _FieldTableConfig(config=config)
+
+
+def get_ini_config(config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> _INIConfig:
+    """
+    Get an ``INIConfig`` object.
+
+    :param config: INI file to load (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``), or initial ``dict``
+    :return: An initialized ``INIConfig`` object
+    """
+    return _INIConfig(config=config)
+
+
+def get_nml_config(config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> _NMLConfig:
+    """
+    Get an ``NMLConfig`` object.
+
+    :param config: Fortran namelist file to load (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``), or
+        initial ``dict``
+    :return: An initialized ``NMLConfig`` object
+    """
+    return _NMLConfig(config=config)
+
+
+def get_sh_config(config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> _SHConfig:
+    """
+    Get an ``SHConfig`` object.
+
+    :param config: File of shell 'key=value' pairs to load (``None`` or unspecified => read
+        ``stdin``), or initial ``dict``
+    :return: An initialized ``SHConfig`` object
+    """
+    return _SHConfig(config=config)
+
+
+def get_yaml_config(config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> _YAMLConfig:
+    """
+    Get a ``YAMLConfig`` object.
+
+    :param config: YAML file to load (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``), or initial
+        ``dict``
+    :return: An initialized ``YAMLConfig`` object
+    """
+    return _YAMLConfig(config=config)
+
+
+def realize(
+    input_config: Union[dict, _Config, OptionalPath] = None,
+    input_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    output_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    output_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    supplemental_configs: Optional[List[Union[dict, _Config, DefinitePath]]] = None,
+    values_needed: bool = False,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    NB: This docstring is dynamically replaced: See realize.__doc__ definition below.
+    """
+    _realize(
+        input_config=_ensure_config_arg_type(input_config),
+        input_format=input_format,
+        output_file=output_file,
+        output_format=output_format,
+        supplemental_configs=supplemental_configs,
+        values_needed=values_needed,
+        dry_run=dry_run,
+    )
+    return True
+
+
+def realize_to_dict(
+    input_config: Union[dict, _Config, OptionalPath] = None,
+    input_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    supplemental_configs: Optional[List[Union[dict, _Config, DefinitePath]]] = None,
+    values_needed: bool = False,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    NB: This docstring is dynamically replaced: See realize_to_dict.__doc__ definition below.
+    """
+    return _realize(
+        input_config=_ensure_config_arg_type(input_config),
+        input_format=input_format,
+        output_file=os.devnull,
+        output_format=None,
+        supplemental_configs=supplemental_configs,
+        values_needed=values_needed,
+        dry_run=dry_run,
+    )
+
+
+def validate(
+    schema_file: DefinitePath, config: Optional[Union[dict, _YAMLConfig, OptionalPath]] = None
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check whether the specified config conforms to the specified JSON Schema spec.
+
+    If no config is specified, ``stdin`` is read and will be parsed as YAML and then validated. A
+    ``dict`` or a YAMLConfig instance may also be provided for validation.
+
+    :param schema_file: The JSON Schema file to use for validation
+    :param config: The config to validate
+    :return: ``True`` if the YAML file conforms to the schema, ``False`` otherwise
+    """
+    return _validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config=config)
+
+
+# Private
+
+
+def _ensure_config_arg_type(
+    config: Union[dict, _Config, OptionalPath]
+) -> Union[_Config, OptionalPath]:
+    """
+    Encapsulate a dict in a Config; return a Config or path argument as-is.
+
+    :param config: A config as a dict, Config, or path
+    """
+    if isinstance(config, dict):
+        return _YAMLConfig(config=config)
+    return config
+
+
+# Import-time code
+
+# pylint: disable=duplicate-code
+
+# The following statements dynamically interpolate values into functions' docstrings, which will not
+# work if the docstrings are inlined in the functions. They must remain separate statements to avoid
+# hardcoding values into them.
+
+compare.__doc__ = """
+Compare two config files.
+
+Recognized file extensions are: {extensions}
+
+:param config_1_path: Path to 1st config file
+:param config_2_path: Path to 2nd config file
+:param config_1_format: Format of 1st config file (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:param config_2_format: Format of 2nd config file (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:return: ``False`` if config files had differences, otherwise ``True``
+""".format(
+    extensions=", ".join(_FORMAT.extensions())
+).strip()
+
+
+realize.__doc__ = """
+Realize an output config based on an input config and optional supplemental configs.
+
+If no input is specified, ``stdin`` is read. A ``dict`` or ``Config`` object may also be provided as
+input.  If no output is specified, ``stdout`` is written to. When an input or output filename is
+specified, its format will be deduced from its extension, if possible. This can be overridden by
+specifying the format explicitly, and it is required to do so for reads from ``stdin`` or writes to
+``stdout``, as no attempt is made to deduce the format of streamed data.
+
+If optional supplemental configs (which may likewise be file paths or ``Config`` / ``dict`` objects)
+are provided, they will be merged, in the order specified, onto the input config. The format of all
+input configs must match.
+
+If the input-config format is YAML, any supported output format may be specified. For all other
+input formats, the output format must match the input.
+
+If ``values_needed`` is ``True``, a report of values needed to realize the config is logged. In
+``dry_run`` mode, output is written to ``stderr``.
+
+Recognized file extensions are: {extensions}
+
+:param input_config: Input config file (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``)
+:param input_format: Format of the input config (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:param output_file: Output config file (``None`` or unspecified => write to ``stdout``)
+:param output_format: Format of the output config (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:param supplemental_configs: Configs to merge, in order, onto the input
+:param values_needed: Report complete, missing, and template values
+:param dry_run: Log output instead of writing to output
+:return: ``True``
+""".format(
+    extensions=", ".join(_FORMAT.extensions())
+).strip()
+
+
+realize_to_dict.__doc__ = """
+Realize an output config based on an input config and optional supplemental configs.
+
+If no input is specified, ``stdin`` is read. A ``dict`` or ``Config`` object may also be provided as
+input. When an input filename is specified, its format will be deduced from its extension, if
+possible. This can be overridden by specifying the format explicitly, and it is required to do so for
+reads from ``stdin``, as no attempt is made to deduce the format of streamed data.
+
+If optional supplemental configs (which may likewise be file paths or ``Config`` / ``dict`` objects)
+are provided, they will be merged, in the order specified, onto the input config. The format of all
+input configs must match.
+
+If ``values_needed`` is ``True``, a report of values needed to realize the config is logged. In
+``dry_run`` mode, output is written to ``stderr``.
+
+Recognized file extensions are: {extensions}
+
+:param input_config: Input config file (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``)
+:param input_format: Format of the input config (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:param supplemental_configs: Configs to merge, in order, onto the input
+:param values_needed: Report complete, missing, and template values
+:param dry_run: Log output instead of writing to output
+:return: A ``dict`` representing the realized config
+""".format(
+    extensions=", ".join(_FORMAT.extensions())
+).strip()
diff --git a/src/uwtools/api/forecast.py b/src/uwtools/api/forecast.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0eb21418d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/api/forecast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+import datetime as dt
+
+from uwtools.drivers.forecast import CLASSES as _CLASSES
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
+
+
+def run(  # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+    model: str,
+    cycle: dt.datetime,
+    config_file: DefinitePath,
+    batch_script: OptionalPath = None,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    forecast_class = _CLASSES[model]
+    return forecast_class(
+        batch_script=batch_script,
+        config_file=config_file,
+        dry_run=dry_run,
+    ).run(cycle=cycle)
+
+
+# The following statement dynamically interpolates values into run()'s docstring, which will not
+# work if the docstring is inlined in the function. It must remain a separate statement to avoid
+# hardcoding values into it.
+
+run.__doc__ = """
+Run a forecast model.
+
+If ``batch_script`` is specified, a batch script will be written that, when submitted to the appropriate
+scheduler, will run the forecast on batch resources. When not specified, the forecast will be run
+immediately on the current system, without creation of a batch script.
+
+:param model: One of: {models}
+:param cycle: The cycle to run
+:param config_file: Path to config file for the forecast run
+:param batch_script: Path to a batch script to write
+:param dry_run: Do not run forecast, just report what would have been done
+:return: Success status of requested operation (immediate run or batch-script creation)
+""".format(
+    models=", ".join(list(_CLASSES.keys()))
+).strip()
diff --git a/src/uwtools/api/logging.py b/src/uwtools/api/logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..23354cc54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/api/logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import logging
+
+from uwtools.logging import setup_logging as _setup_logging
+from uwtools.logging import use_logger as _use_logger
+
+
+def use_custom_logger(logger: logging.Logger) -> None:
+    """
+    Log to the specified ``Logger`` object, configured according to your needs.
+
+    :param logger: The custom logger to use
+    """
+    _use_logger(logger=logger)
+
+
+def use_uwtools_logger(quiet: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
+    """
+    Log to a ``Logger`` configured to follow ``uwtools`` conventions.
+
+    :param quiet: Supress all logging output
+    :param verbose: Log all messages
+    """
+    _setup_logging(quiet=quiet, verbose=verbose)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/api/rocoto.py b/src/uwtools/api/rocoto.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e01cff0b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/api/rocoto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from typing import Union
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.rocoto import realize_rocoto_xml as _realize
+from uwtools.rocoto import validate_rocoto_xml_file as _validate
+from uwtools.types import OptionalPath
+
+
+def realize(config: Union[YAMLConfig, OptionalPath], output_file: OptionalPath = None) -> bool:
+    """
+    Realize the Rocoto workflow defined in the given YAML as XML.
+
+    If no input file is specified, ``stdin`` is read. A ``YAMLConfig`` object may also be provided
+    as input. If no output file is specified, ``stdout`` is written to. Both the input config and
+    output Rocoto XML will be validated against appropriate schcemas.
+
+    :param config: Path to YAML input file (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``), or
+        ``YAMLConfig`` object
+    :param output_file: Path to write rendered XML file (``None`` or unspecified => write to
+        ``stdout``)
+    :return: ``True``
+    """
+    _realize(config=config, output_file=output_file)
+    return True
+
+
+def validate(xml_file: OptionalPath = None) -> bool:
+    """
+    Validate purported Rocoto XML file against its schema.
+
+    :param xml_file: Path to XML file (``None`` or unspecified => read ``stdin``)
+    :return: ``True`` if the XML conforms to the schema, ``False`` otherwise
+    """
+    return _validate(xml_file=xml_file)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/api/template.py b/src/uwtools/api/template.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..10c6736af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/api/template.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Union
+
+from uwtools.config.atparse_to_jinja2 import convert as _convert_atparse_to_jinja2
+from uwtools.config.jinja2 import render as _render
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
+
+
+def render(
+    values: Union[dict, DefinitePath],
+    values_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    input_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    output_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    overrides: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    values_needed: bool = False,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Render a Jinja2 template based on specified values.
+
+    Primary values used to render the template are taken from the specified file. The format of the
+    values source will be deduced from the filename extension, if possible. This can be overridden
+    via the ``values_format`` argument. A ``dict`` object may alternatively be provided as the
+    primary values source. If no input file is specified, ``stdin`` is read. If no output file is
+    specified, ``stdout`` is written to.
+
+    :param values: Source of values to render the template
+    :param values_format: Format of values when sourced from file
+    :param input_file: Path to read raw Jinja2 template from (``None`` or unspecified => read
+        ``stdin``)
+    :param output_file: Path to write rendered Jinja2 template to (``None`` or unspecified => write
+        to ``stdout``)
+    :param overrides: Supplemental override values
+    :param values_needed: Just report variables needed to render the template?
+    :param dry_run: Run in dry-run mode?
+    :return: ``True`` if Jinja2 template was successfully rendered, ``False`` otherwise
+    """
+    return _render(
+        values=values,
+        values_format=values_format,
+        input_file=input_file,
+        output_file=output_file,
+        overrides=overrides,
+        values_needed=values_needed,
+        dry_run=dry_run,
+    )
+
+
+def translate(
+    input_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    output_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Translate an atparse template to a Jinja2 template.
+
+    ``@[]`` tokens are replaced with Jinja2 ``{{}}`` equivalents. If no input file is specified,
+    ``stdin`` is read. If no output file is specified, ``stdout`` is written to. In ``dry_run``
+    mode, output is written to ``stderr``.
+
+    :param input_file: Path to the template containing atparse syntax
+    :param output_file: Path to the file to write the converted template to
+    :param dry_run: Run in dry-run mode?
+    :return: ``True``
+    """
+    _convert_atparse_to_jinja2(input_file=input_file, output_file=output_file, dry_run=dry_run)
+    return True
diff --git a/src/uwtools/apps/srw.py b/src/uwtools/apps/srw.py
index 062363fe4..5941e8d1d 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/apps/srw.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/apps/srw.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 This file contains the specific drivers for a particular app, using the facade pattern base class.
 """
 
-import logging
 import shutil
 
 from uwtools.drivers.facade import Facade
 from uwtools.exceptions import UWError
-from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, get_file_type
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, get_file_format
 from uwtools.utils.processing import execute
 
 
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def load_config(self, config_file: str) -> None:
         """
         Load the configuration file.
         """
-        file_type = get_file_type(config_file)
+        file_type = get_file_format(config_file)
         if file_type == FORMAT.ini:
             with open("config.yaml", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                 # Note: This is a temporary path until parsing the SRW directory is implemented.
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ def load_config(self, config_file: str) -> None:
                     ">%s" % f,
                 ]
                 cmd = " ".join(cmd_components)
-                result = execute(cmd=cmd)
-                if not result.success:
+                _, success = execute(cmd=cmd)
+                if not success:
                     raise UWError(f"Command failed: {cmd}")
         elif file_type == FORMAT.yaml:
             shutil.copy2(config_file, "config.yaml")
         else:
             msg = f"Bad file type -- {file_type}. Cannot load configuration!"
-            logging.critical(msg)
+            log.critical(msg)
             raise ValueError(msg)
 
     def validate_config(self, config_file: str) -> None:
@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ def create_experiment(self) -> None:
         """
         # Note: This is a temporary path until parsing the SRW directory is implemented.
         cmd = "python generate_FV3LAM_wflow.py"
-        result = execute(cmd=cmd)
-        if not result.success:
+        _, success = execute(cmd=cmd)
+        if not success:
             raise UWError(f"Command failed: {cmd}")
 
     def create_manager_files(self) -> None:
diff --git a/src/uwtools/apps/uw.py b/src/uwtools/apps/uw.py
index 7b1f75fbf..95352f247 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/apps/uw.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/apps/uw.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 This file contains the specific drivers for a particular app, using the facade pattern base class.
 """
 
-from uwtools.config.core import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
 from uwtools.drivers.facade import Facade
 
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/cli.py b/src/uwtools/cli.py
index 2f5a125ad..ad25977f0 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/cli.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/cli.py
@@ -2,30 +2,33 @@
 Modal CLI.
 """
 
-import logging
+import datetime as dt
 import sys
 from argparse import ArgumentParser as Parser
-from argparse import HelpFormatter, Namespace
+from argparse import HelpFormatter
 from argparse import _ArgumentGroup as Group
 from argparse import _SubParsersAction as Subparsers
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import partial
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
-
-import uwtools.config.atparse_to_jinja2
-import uwtools.config.core
-import uwtools.config.templater
-import uwtools.config.validator
-import uwtools.drivers.forecast
-from uwtools.logging import setup_logging
-from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, get_file_type
-
-FORMATS = [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.yaml]
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Tuple
+
+import uwtools.api.config
+import uwtools.api.forecast
+import uwtools.api.rocoto
+import uwtools.api.template
+import uwtools.config.jinja2
+import uwtools.rocoto
+from uwtools.drivers.forecast import CLASSES as FORECAST_CLASSES
+from uwtools.logging import log, setup_logging
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, get_file_format
+
+FORMATS = list(FORMAT.formats().keys())
 TITLE_REQ_ARG = "Required arguments"
 
-SubmodeChecks = List[Callable[[Namespace], Namespace]]
-ModeChecks = Dict[str, SubmodeChecks]
+Args = Dict[str, Any]
+ActionChecks = List[Callable[[Args], Args]]
+ModeChecks = Dict[str, ActionChecks]
 Checks = Dict[str, ModeChecks]
 
 
@@ -41,17 +44,20 @@ def main() -> None:
     setup_logging(quiet=True)
     try:
         args, checks = _parse_args(sys.argv[1:])
-        for check in checks[args.mode][args.submode]:
+        for check in checks[args[STR.mode]][args[STR.action]]:
             check(args)
-        setup_logging(quiet=args.quiet, verbose=args.verbose)
-        logging.debug("Command: %s %s", Path(sys.argv[0]).name, " ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
+        setup_logging(quiet=args[STR.quiet], verbose=args[STR.verbose])
+        log.debug("Command: %s %s", Path(sys.argv[0]).name, " ".join(sys.argv[1:]))
         modes = {
             STR.config: _dispatch_config,
             STR.forecast: _dispatch_forecast,
+            STR.rocoto: _dispatch_rocoto,
             STR.template: _dispatch_template,
         }
-        sys.exit(0 if modes[args.mode](args) else 1)
+        sys.exit(0 if modes[args[STR.mode]](args) else 1)
     except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        if _switch(STR.debug) in sys.argv:
+            log.exception(str(e))
         _abort(str(e))
 
 
@@ -66,16 +72,15 @@ def _add_subparser_config(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ModeChecks:
     """
     parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.config, "Handle configs")
     _basic_setup(parser)
-    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.submode)
+    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.action)
     return {
         STR.compare: _add_subparser_config_compare(subparsers),
         STR.realize: _add_subparser_config_realize(subparsers),
-        STR.translate: _add_subparser_config_translate(subparsers),
         STR.validate: _add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers),
     }
 
 
-def _add_subparser_config_compare(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
+def _add_subparser_config_compare(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
     """
     Subparser for mode: config compare
 
@@ -98,59 +103,36 @@ def _add_subparser_config_compare(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
         helpmsg="Format of file 2",
         choices=FORMATS,
     )
-    checks = _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(optional)
+    checks = _add_args_verbosity(optional)
     return checks + [
         partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.file1path, STR.file1fmt),
         partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.file2path, STR.file2fmt),
     ]
 
 
-def _add_subparser_config_realize(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
+def _add_subparser_config_realize(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
     """
     Subparser for mode: config realize
 
     :param subparsers: Parent parser's subparsers, to add this subparser to.
     """
     parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.realize, "Realize config")
-    required = parser.add_argument_group(TITLE_REQ_ARG)
-    _add_arg_values_file(required, required=True)
     optional = _basic_setup(parser)
     _add_arg_input_file(optional)
     _add_arg_input_format(optional, choices=FORMATS)
     _add_arg_output_file(optional)
     _add_arg_output_format(optional, choices=FORMATS)
-    _add_arg_values_format(optional, choices=FORMATS)
     _add_arg_values_needed(optional)
     _add_arg_dry_run(optional)
-    checks = _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(optional)
+    checks = _add_args_verbosity(optional)
+    _add_arg_supplemental_files(optional)
     return checks + [
         partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.infile, STR.infmt),
         partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.outfile, STR.outfmt),
-        partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.valsfile, STR.valsfmt),
     ]
 
 
-def _add_subparser_config_translate(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
-    """
-    Subparser for mode: config translate
-
-    :param subparsers: Parent parser's subparsers, to add this subparser to.
-    """
-    parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.translate, "Translate configs")
-    optional = _basic_setup(parser)
-    _add_arg_input_file(optional)
-    _add_arg_input_format(optional, choices=[FORMAT.atparse])
-    _add_arg_output_file(optional)
-    _add_arg_output_format(optional, choices=[FORMAT.jinja2])
-    _add_arg_dry_run(optional)
-    checks = _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(optional)
-    return checks + [
-        partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.infile, STR.infmt),
-        partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.outfile, STR.outfmt),
-    ]
-
-
-def _add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
+def _add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
     """
     Subparser for mode: config validate
 
@@ -161,14 +143,10 @@ def _add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
     _add_arg_schema_file(required)
     optional = _basic_setup(parser)
     _add_arg_input_file(optional)
-    _add_arg_input_format(optional, choices=[FORMAT.yaml])
-    checks = _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(optional)
-    return checks + [
-        partial(_check_file_vs_format, STR.infile, STR.infmt),
-    ]
+    return _add_args_verbosity(optional)
 
 
-def _dispatch_config(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_config(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
     Dispatch logic for config mode.
 
@@ -177,73 +155,48 @@ def _dispatch_config(args: Namespace) -> bool:
     return {
         STR.compare: _dispatch_config_compare,
         STR.realize: _dispatch_config_realize,
-        STR.translate: _dispatch_config_translate,
         STR.validate: _dispatch_config_validate,
-    }[args.submode](args)
+    }[args[STR.action]](args)
 
 
-def _dispatch_config_compare(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_config_compare(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
-    Dispatch logic for config compare submode.
+    Dispatch logic for config compare action.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    return uwtools.config.core.compare_configs(
-        config_a_path=args.file_1_path,
-        config_a_format=args.file_1_format,
-        config_b_path=args.file_2_path,
-        config_b_format=args.file_2_format,
+    return uwtools.api.config.compare(
+        config_1_path=args[STR.file1path],
+        config_1_format=args[STR.file1fmt],
+        config_2_path=args[STR.file2path],
+        config_2_format=args[STR.file2fmt],
     )
 
 
-def _dispatch_config_realize(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_config_realize(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
-    Dispatch logic for config realize submode.
+    Dispatch logic for config realize action.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    return uwtools.config.core.realize_config(
-        input_file=args.input_file,
-        input_format=args.input_format,
-        output_file=args.output_file,
-        output_format=args.output_format,
-        values_file=args.values_file,
-        values_format=args.values_format,
-        values_needed=args.values_needed,
-        dry_run=args.dry_run,
+    return uwtools.api.config.realize(
+        input_config=args[STR.infile],
+        input_format=args[STR.infmt],
+        output_file=args[STR.outfile],
+        output_format=args[STR.outfmt],
+        supplemental_configs=args[STR.suppfiles],
+        values_needed=args[STR.valsneeded],
+        dry_run=args[STR.dryrun],
     )
 
 
-def _dispatch_config_translate(args: Namespace) -> bool:
-    """
-    Dispatch logic for config translate submode.
-
-    :param args: Parsed command-line args.
-    """
-    success = True
-    if args.input_format == FORMAT.atparse and args.output_format == FORMAT.jinja2:
-        uwtools.config.atparse_to_jinja2.convert(
-            input_file=args.input_file, output_file=args.output_file, dry_run=args.dry_run
-        )
-    else:
-        success = False
-    return success
-
-
-def _dispatch_config_validate(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_config_validate(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
-    Dispatch logic for config validate submode.
+    Dispatch logic for config validate action.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    success = True
-    if args.input_format == FORMAT.yaml:
-        success = uwtools.config.validator.validate_yaml(
-            config_file=args.input_file, schema_file=args.schema_file
-        )
-    else:
-        success = False
-    return success
+    return uwtools.api.config.validate(schema_file=args[STR.schemafile], config=args[STR.infile])
 
 
 # Mode forecast
@@ -257,13 +210,13 @@ def _add_subparser_forecast(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ModeChecks:
     """
     parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.forecast, "Configure and run forecasts")
     _basic_setup(parser)
-    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.submode)
+    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.action)
     return {
         STR.run: _add_subparser_forecast_run(subparsers),
     }
 
 
-def _add_subparser_forecast_run(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
+def _add_subparser_forecast_run(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
     """
     Subparser for mode: forecast run
 
@@ -272,31 +225,114 @@ def _add_subparser_forecast_run(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
     parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.run, "Run a forecast")
     required = parser.add_argument_group(TITLE_REQ_ARG)
     _add_arg_config_file(required)
-    _add_arg_model(required, choices=["FV3"])
+    _add_arg_cycle(required)
+    _add_arg_model(required, choices=list(FORECAST_CLASSES.keys()))
     optional = _basic_setup(parser)
+    _add_arg_batch_script(optional)
     _add_arg_dry_run(optional)
-    checks = _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(optional)
+    checks = _add_args_verbosity(optional)
     return checks
 
 
-def _dispatch_forecast(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_forecast(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
     Dispatch logic for forecast mode.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    return {STR.run: _dispatch_forecast_run}[args.submode](args)
+    return {STR.run: _dispatch_forecast_run}[args[STR.action]](args)
 
 
-def _dispatch_forecast_run(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_forecast_run(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
-    Dispatch logic for forecast run submode.
+    Dispatch logic for forecast run action.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    forecast_class = uwtools.drivers.forecast.CLASSES[args.forecast_model]
-    forecast_class(config_file=args.config_file).run()
-    return True
+    return uwtools.api.forecast.run(
+        model=args[STR.model],
+        cycle=args[STR.cycle],
+        config_file=args[STR.cfgfile],
+        batch_script=args[STR.batch_script],
+        dry_run=args[STR.dryrun],
+    )
+
+
+# Mode rocoto
+
+
+def _add_subparser_rocoto(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ModeChecks:
+    """
+    Subparser for mode: rocoto
+
+    :param subparsers: Parent parser's subparsers, to add this subparser to.
+    """
+    parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.rocoto, "Realize and validate Rocoto XML Documents")
+    _basic_setup(parser)
+    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.action)
+    return {
+        STR.realize: _add_subparser_rocoto_realize(subparsers),
+        STR.validate: _add_subparser_rocoto_validate(subparsers),
+    }
+
+
+def _add_subparser_rocoto_realize(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
+    """
+    Subparser for mode: rocoto realize
+
+    :param subparsers: Parent parser's subparsers, to add this subparser to.
+    """
+    parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.realize, "Realize a Rocoto XML workflow document")
+    optional = _basic_setup(parser)
+    _add_arg_input_file(optional)
+    _add_arg_output_file(optional)
+    checks = _add_args_verbosity(optional)
+    return checks
+
+
+def _add_subparser_rocoto_validate(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
+    """
+    Subparser for mode: rocoto validate
+
+    :param subparsers: Parent parser's subparsers, to add this subparser to.
+    """
+    parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.validate, "Validate Rocoto XML")
+    optional = _basic_setup(parser)
+    _add_arg_input_file(optional)
+    checks = _add_args_verbosity(optional)
+    return checks
+
+
+def _dispatch_rocoto(args: Args) -> bool:
+    """
+    Dispatch logic for rocoto mode.
+
+    :param args: Parsed command-line args.
+    """
+    return {
+        STR.realize: _dispatch_rocoto_realize,
+        STR.validate: _dispatch_rocoto_validate,
+    }[
+        args[STR.action]
+    ](args)
+
+
+def _dispatch_rocoto_realize(args: Args) -> bool:
+    """
+    Dispatch logic for rocoto realize action. Validate input and output.
+
+    :param args: Parsed command-line args.
+    """
+    return uwtools.api.rocoto.realize(config=args[STR.infile], output_file=args[STR.outfile])
+
+
+def _dispatch_rocoto_validate(args: Args) -> bool:
+    """
+    Dispatch logic for rocoto validate action.
+
+    :param args: Parsed command-line args.
+    """
+    return uwtools.api.rocoto.validate(xml_file=args[STR.infile])
 
 
 # Mode template
@@ -310,13 +346,28 @@ def _add_subparser_template(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ModeChecks:
     """
     parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.template, "Handle templates")
     _basic_setup(parser)
-    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.submode)
+    subparsers = _add_subparsers(parser, STR.action)
     return {
         STR.render: _add_subparser_template_render(subparsers),
+        STR.translate: _add_subparser_template_translate(subparsers),
     }
 
 
-def _add_subparser_template_render(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
+def _add_subparser_template_translate(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
+    """
+    Subparser for mode: template translate
+
+    :param subparsers: Parent parser's subparsers, to add this subparser to.
+    """
+    parser = _add_subparser(subparsers, STR.translate, "Translate atparse to Jinja2")
+    optional = _basic_setup(parser)
+    _add_arg_input_file(optional)
+    _add_arg_output_file(optional)
+    _add_arg_dry_run(optional)
+    return _add_args_verbosity(optional)
+
+
+def _add_subparser_template_render(subparsers: Subparsers) -> ActionChecks:
     """
     Subparser for mode: template render
 
@@ -330,34 +381,52 @@ def _add_subparser_template_render(subparsers: Subparsers) -> SubmodeChecks:
     _add_arg_values_format(optional, choices=FORMATS)
     _add_arg_values_needed(optional)
     _add_arg_dry_run(optional)
+    checks = _add_args_verbosity(optional)
     _add_arg_key_eq_val_pairs(optional)
-    checks = _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(optional)
     return checks + [_check_template_render_vals_args]
 
 
-def _dispatch_template(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_template(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
     Dispatch logic for template mode.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    return {STR.render: _dispatch_template_render}[args.submode](args)
+    return {
+        STR.render: _dispatch_template_render,
+        STR.translate: _dispatch_template_translate,
+    }[
+        args[STR.action]
+    ](args)
+
+
+def _dispatch_template_render(args: Args) -> bool:
+    """
+    Dispatch logic for template render action.
+
+    :param args: Parsed command-line args.
+    """
+    return uwtools.api.template.render(
+        values=args[STR.valsfile],
+        values_format=args[STR.valsfmt],
+        input_file=args[STR.infile],
+        output_file=args[STR.outfile],
+        overrides=_dict_from_key_eq_val_strings(args[STR.keyvalpairs]),
+        values_needed=args[STR.valsneeded],
+        dry_run=args[STR.dryrun],
+    )
 
 
-def _dispatch_template_render(args: Namespace) -> bool:
+def _dispatch_template_translate(args: Args) -> bool:
     """
-    Dispatch logic for template render submode.
+    Dispatch logic for template translate action.
 
     :param args: Parsed command-line args.
     """
-    return uwtools.config.templater.render(
-        input_file=args.input_file,
-        output_file=args.output_file,
-        values_file=args.values_file,
-        values_format=args.values_format,
-        overrides=_dict_from_key_eq_val_strings(args.key_eq_val_pairs),
-        values_needed=args.values_needed,
-        dry_run=args.dry_run,
+    return uwtools.api.template.translate(
+        input_file=args[STR.infile],
+        output_file=args[STR.outfile],
+        dry_run=args[STR.dryrun],
     )
 
 
@@ -366,6 +435,17 @@ def _dispatch_template_render(args: Namespace) -> bool:
 # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
 
 
+def _add_arg_batch_script(group: Group, required: bool = False) -> None:
+    group.add_argument(
+        _switch(STR.batch_script),
+        help="Path to output batch file (defaults to stdout)",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        required=required,
+        default=None,
+        type=str,
+    )
+
+
 def _add_arg_config_file(group: Group) -> None:
     group.add_argument(
         _switch(STR.cfgfile),
@@ -377,6 +457,25 @@ def _add_arg_config_file(group: Group) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def _add_arg_cycle(group: Group) -> None:
+    group.add_argument(
+        _switch(STR.cycle),
+        help="The cycle in ISO8601 format",
+        required=True,
+        type=dt.datetime.fromisoformat,
+    )
+
+
+def _add_arg_debug(group: Group) -> None:
+    group.add_argument(
+        "--debug",
+        action="store_true",
+        help="""
+        Print all log messages, plus any unhandled exception's stack trace (implies --verbose)
+        """,
+    )
+
+
 def _add_arg_dry_run(group: Group) -> None:
     group.add_argument(
         _switch(STR.dryrun),
@@ -487,6 +586,15 @@ def _add_arg_schema_file(group: Group) -> None:
     )
 
 
+def _add_arg_supplemental_files(group: Group) -> None:
+    group.add_argument(
+        STR.suppfiles,
+        help="Additional files to supplement primary input",
+        metavar="PATH",
+        nargs="*",
+    )
+
+
 def _add_arg_values_file(group: Group, required: bool = False) -> None:
     group.add_argument(
         _switch(STR.valsfile),
@@ -540,16 +648,17 @@ def _abort(msg: str) -> None:
     sys.exit(1)
 
 
-def _add_args_quiet_and_verbose(group: Group) -> SubmodeChecks:
+def _add_args_verbosity(group: Group) -> ActionChecks:
     """
-    Add quiet and verbose arguments.
+    Add debug, quiet, and verbose arguments.
 
     :param group: The group to add the arguments to.
     :return: Check for mutual exclusivity of quiet/verbose arguments.
     """
+    _add_arg_debug(group)
     _add_arg_quiet(group)
     _add_arg_verbose(group)
-    return [_check_quiet_vs_verbose]
+    return [_check_verbosity]
 
 
 def _add_subparser(subparsers: Subparsers, name: str, helpmsg: str) -> Parser:
@@ -561,9 +670,10 @@ def _add_subparser(subparsers: Subparsers, name: str, helpmsg: str) -> Parser:
     :param helpmsg: The help message for the subparser.
     :return: The new subparser.
     """
-    return subparsers.add_parser(
+    parser: Parser = subparsers.add_parser(
         name, add_help=False, help=helpmsg, formatter_class=_formatter, description=helpmsg
     )
+    return parser
 
 
 def _add_subparsers(parser: Parser, dest: str) -> Subparsers:
@@ -589,31 +699,31 @@ def _basic_setup(parser: Parser) -> Group:
     return optional
 
 
-def _check_file_vs_format(file_arg: str, format_arg: str, args: Namespace) -> Namespace:
-    a = vars(args)
-    if a[format_arg] is None:
-        if a[file_arg] is None:
+def _check_file_vs_format(file_arg: str, format_arg: str, args: Args) -> Args:
+    if args.get(format_arg) is None:
+        if args.get(file_arg) is None:
             _abort("Specify %s when %s is not specified" % (_switch(format_arg), _switch(file_arg)))
-        a[format_arg] = get_file_type(a[file_arg])
-    return args
-
-
-def _check_quiet_vs_verbose(args) -> Namespace:
-    a = vars(args)
-    if a.get(STR.quiet) and a.get(STR.verbose):
-        _abort("Specify at most one of %s, %s" % (_switch(STR.quiet), _switch(STR.verbose)))
+        args[format_arg] = get_file_format(args[file_arg])
     return args
 
 
-def _check_template_render_vals_args(args: Namespace) -> Namespace:
+def _check_template_render_vals_args(args: Args) -> Args:
     # In "template render" mode, a values file is optional, as values used to render the template
     # will be taken from the environment or from key=value command-line pairs by default. But if a
     # values file IS specified, its format must either be explicitly specified, or deduced from its
     # extension.
-    a = vars(args)
-    if a.get(STR.valsfile) is not None:
-        if a.get(STR.valsfmt) is None:
-            a[STR.valsfmt] = get_file_type(a[STR.valsfile])
+    if args.get(STR.valsfile) is not None:
+        if args.get(STR.valsfmt) is None:
+            args[STR.valsfmt] = get_file_format(args[STR.valsfile])
+    return args
+
+
+def _check_verbosity(args: Args) -> Args:
+    if args.get(STR.quiet) and (args.get(STR.debug) or args.get(STR.verbose)):
+        _abort(
+            "%s may not be used with %s or %s"
+            % (_switch(STR.quiet), _switch(STR.debug), _switch(STR.verbose))
+        )
     return args
 
 
@@ -631,10 +741,11 @@ def _formatter(prog: str) -> HelpFormatter:
     """
     A standard formatter for help messages.
     """
-    return HelpFormatter(prog, max_help_position=8)
+    # max_help_positions sets the maximum starting column for option help text.
+    return HelpFormatter(prog, max_help_position=6)
 
 
-def _parse_args(raw_args: List[str]) -> Tuple[Namespace, Checks]:
+def _parse_args(raw_args: List[str]) -> Tuple[Args, Checks]:
     """
     Parse command-line arguments.
 
@@ -649,9 +760,10 @@ def _parse_args(raw_args: List[str]) -> Tuple[Namespace, Checks]:
     checks = {
         STR.config: _add_subparser_config(subparsers),
         STR.forecast: _add_subparser_forecast(subparsers),
+        STR.rocoto: _add_subparser_rocoto(subparsers),
         STR.template: _add_subparser_template(subparsers),
     }
-    return parser.parse_args(raw_args), checks
+    return vars(parser.parse_args(raw_args)), checks
 
 
 def _switch(arg: str) -> str:
@@ -665,14 +777,18 @@ def _switch(arg: str) -> str:
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
-class _STR:
+class STR:
     """
     A lookup map for CLI-related strings.
     """
 
+    action: str = "action"
+    batch_script: str = "batch_script"
     cfgfile: str = "config_file"
     compare: str = "compare"
     config: str = "config"
+    cycle: str = "cycle"
+    debug: str = "debug"
     dryrun: str = "dry_run"
     file1fmt: str = "file_1_format"
     file1path: str = "file_1_path"
@@ -690,9 +806,10 @@ class _STR:
     quiet: str = "quiet"
     realize: str = "realize"
     render: str = "render"
+    rocoto: str = "rocoto"
     run: str = "run"
     schemafile: str = "schema_file"
-    submode: str = "submode"
+    suppfiles: str = "supplemental_files"
     template: str = "template"
     translate: str = "translate"
     validate: str = "validate"
@@ -700,6 +817,3 @@ class _STR:
     valsfmt: str = "values_format"
     valsneeded: str = "values_needed"
     verbose: str = "verbose"
-
-
-STR = _STR()
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/atparse_to_jinja2.py b/src/uwtools/config/atparse_to_jinja2.py
index df371cf8f..ba0bc3f2d 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/config/atparse_to_jinja2.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/atparse_to_jinja2.py
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 """
-Utilities for rendering Jinja2 templates.
+Convert atparse templates to Jinja2 templates.
 """
 
-import logging
 import re
-from typing import IO, Any, Generator, Optional
+from typing import IO, Any, Generator
 
-from uwtools.utils.file import readable, writable
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import OptionalPath, readable, writable
 
 
 def convert(
-    input_file: Optional[str] = None, output_file: Optional[str] = None, dry_run: bool = False
+    input_file: OptionalPath = None, output_file: OptionalPath = None, dry_run: bool = False
 ) -> None:
     """
     Replaces atparse @[] tokens with Jinja2 {{}} equivalents.
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def convert(
 
     def lines() -> Generator[str, Any, Any]:
         with readable(input_file) as f_in:
-            for line in f_in:
+            for line in f_in.read().strip().split("\n"):
                 yield _replace(line.strip())
 
     def write(f_out: IO) -> None:
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def write(f_out: IO) -> None:
 
     if dry_run:
         for line in lines():
-            logging.info(line)
+            log.info(line)
     else:
         with writable(output_file) as f:
             write(f)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/core.py b/src/uwtools/config/core.py
deleted file mode 100644
index df38af16d..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/config/core.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,828 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Core classes and functions for working with configs.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import configparser
-import copy
-import json
-import logging
-import os
-import re
-import sys
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from collections import OrderedDict, UserDict
-from types import SimpleNamespace as ns
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Union
-
-import f90nml
-import jinja2
-import yaml
-
-from uwtools.config.j2template import J2Template
-from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
-from uwtools.logging import MSGWIDTH
-from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
-from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, get_file_type, readable, writable
-
-INCLUDE_TAG = "!INCLUDE"
-MSGS = ns(
-    unhashable="""
-ERROR:
-The input config file may contain a Jinja2 templated value at the location listed above. Ensure the
-value is enclosed in quotes.
-""".strip(),
-    unregistered_constructor="""
-ERROR:
-The input config file contains a constructor that is not registered with the uwtools package.
-
-constructor: {constructor}
-config file: {config_file}
-
-Define the constructor before proceeding.
-""".strip(),
-    unregistered_filter="""
-ERROR:
-The input config file contains a Jinja2 filter that is not registered with the uwtools package.
-
-filter: {filter}
-key: {key}
-
-Define the filter before proceeding.
-""".strip(),
-)
-
-
-class Config(ABC, UserDict):
-    """
-    A base class specifying (and partially implementing) methods to read, manipulate, and write
-    several configuration-file formats.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, config_file: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Construct a Config object.
-
-        :param config_file: Path to the config file to load.
-        """
-        super().__init__()
-        self._config_file = str(config_file) if config_file else None
-        self.update(self._load(self._config_file))
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        """
-        The string representation of a Config object.
-        """
-        return json.dumps(self.data)
-
-    # Private methods
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
-        """
-        Reads and parses a config file.
-
-        Returns the result of loading and parsing the specified config file, or stdin if no file is
-        given.
-
-        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
-        """
-
-    def _load_paths(self, config_files: List[str]) -> dict:
-        """
-        Merge and return the contents of a collection of config files.
-
-        :param config_files: Paths to the config files to read and merge.
-        """
-        cfg = {}
-        for config_file in config_files:
-            if not os.path.isabs(config_file):
-                if self._config_file:
-                    config_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self._config_file), config_file)
-                else:
-                    raise _log_and_error(
-                        "Reading from stdin, a relative path was encountered: %s" % config_file
-                    )
-            cfg.update(self._load(config_file=config_file))
-        return cfg
-
-    # Public methods
-
-    def characterize_values(self, values: dict, parent: str) -> Tuple[list, list, list]:
-        """
-        Characterize values as complete, empty, or template placeholders.
-
-        :param values: The dictionary to examine.
-        :param parent: Parent key.
-        """
-        complete: List[str] = []
-        empty: List[str] = []
-        template: List[str] = []
-        for key, val in values.items():
-            if isinstance(val, dict):
-                complete.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
-                c, e, t = self.characterize_values(val, f"{parent}{key}.")
-                complete, empty, template = complete + c, empty + e, template + t
-            elif isinstance(val, list):
-                complete.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
-                for item in val:
-                    if isinstance(item, dict):
-                        c, e, t = self.characterize_values(item, parent)
-                        complete, empty, template = complete + c, empty + e, template + t
-            elif "{{" in str(val) or "{%" in str(val):
-                template.append(f"    {parent}{key}: {val}")
-            elif val == "" or val is None:
-                empty.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
-            else:
-                complete.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
-        return complete, empty, template
-
-    def compare_config(self, dict1: dict, dict2: Optional[dict] = None) -> bool:
-        """
-        Compare two config dictionaries.
-
-        Assumes a section/key/value structure.
-
-        :param dict1: The first dictionary.
-        :param dict2: The second dictionary.
-        """
-        dict2 = self.data if dict2 is None else dict2
-        diffs: dict = {}
-
-        for sect, items in dict2.items():
-            for key, val in items.items():
-                if val != dict1.get(sect, {}).get(key, ""):
-                    try:
-                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {val} + {dict1.get(sect, {}).get(key)}"
-                    except KeyError:
-                        diffs[sect] = {}
-                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {val} + {dict1.get(sect, {}).get(key)}"
-
-        for sect, items in dict1.items():
-            for key, val in items.items():
-                if val != dict2.get(sect, {}).get(key, "") and diffs.get(sect, {}).get(key) is None:
-                    try:
-                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {dict2.get(sect, {}).get(key)} + {val}"
-                    except KeyError:
-                        diffs[sect] = {}
-                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {dict2.get(sect, {}).get(key)} + {val}"
-
-        for sect, keys in diffs.items():
-            for key in keys:
-                msg = f"{sect}: {key:>15}: {keys[key]}"
-                logging.info(msg)
-
-        return not diffs
-
-    @property
-    def depth(self) -> int:
-        """
-        The depth of this config's hierarchy.
-        """
-        return self._depth(self.data)
-
-    def dereference(
-        self, ref_dict: Optional[dict] = None, full_dict: Optional[dict] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        Recursively replace Jinja2 templates in a Config object.
-
-        In general, this method should be called without arguments. Recursive calls made by the
-        method to itself will supply appropriate arguments.
-
-        :param ref_dict: Dictionary potentially containing to-be-rendered Jinja2 templates.
-        :param full_dict: Dictionary providing values to be used for rendering Jinja2 templates.
-        """
-        ref_dict = self.data if ref_dict is None else ref_dict
-        full_dict = self.data if full_dict is None else full_dict
-
-        # Choosing sys._getframe() here because it's more efficient than other inspect methods.
-
-        func_name = f"{self.__class__.__name__}.{sys._getframe().f_code.co_name}"  # pylint: disable=protected-access
-
-        for key, val in ref_dict.items():
-            if isinstance(val, dict):
-                self.dereference(val, full_dict)
-            else:
-                # Save a bit of compute and only do this part for strings that contain the jinja
-                # double brackets.
-                v_str = str(val)
-                is_a_template = any((ele for ele in ["{{", "{%"] if ele in v_str))
-                if is_a_template:
-                    error_catcher = {}
-                    # Find expressions first, and process them as a single template if they exist.
-                    # Find individual double curly brace template in the string otherwise. We need
-                    # one substitution template at a time so that we can opt to leave some un-filled
-                    # when they are not yet set. For example, we can save cycle-dependent templates
-                    # to fill in at run time.
-                    if "{%" in val:
-                        # Treat entire line as a single template.
-                        templates = [v_str]
-                    else:
-                        # Separate out all the double curly bracket pairs.
-                        templates = re.findall(r"{{[^}]*}}|\S", v_str)
-                    data = []
-                    for template in templates:
-                        # Creating the config object for the template like this, gives us access to
-                        # all the keys in the current section without the need to reference the
-                        # current section name, and to the other sections with dot values. Also make
-                        # environment variables available with env prefix.
-                        if ref_dict == full_dict:
-                            values = {**os.environ, **full_dict}
-                        else:
-                            values = {**os.environ, **ref_dict, **full_dict}
-                        try:
-                            j2tmpl = J2Template(
-                                values=values,
-                                template_str=template,
-                                loader_args={"undefined": jinja2.StrictUndefined},
-                            )
-                        except jinja2.exceptions.TemplateAssertionError as e:
-                            msg = MSGS.unregistered_filter.format(
-                                filter=repr(e).split()[-1][:-3], key=key
-                            )
-                            raise _log_and_error(msg) from e
-                        rendered = template
-                        try:
-                            # Fill in a template that has the appropriate variables set.
-                            rendered = j2tmpl.render()
-                        except jinja2.exceptions.UndefinedError:
-                            # Leave a templated field as-is in the resulting dict.
-                            error_catcher[template] = "UndefinedError"
-                        except TypeError:
-                            error_catcher[template] = "TypeError"
-                        except ZeroDivisionError:
-                            error_catcher[template] = "ZeroDivisionError"
-                        except Exception as e:
-                            # Fail on any other exception...something is probably wrong.
-                            msg = f"{key}: {template}"
-                            logging.exception(msg)
-                            raise e
-
-                        data.append(rendered)
-                        for tmpl, err in error_catcher.items():
-                            msg = f"{func_name}: {tmpl} raised {err}"
-                            logging.debug(msg)
-
-                    # Put the full template line back together as it was, filled or not, and make a
-                    # guess on its intended type.
-                    ref_dict[key] = self.reify_scalar_str("".join(data))
-
-    def dereference_all(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Dereference iteratively until no Jinja2 templates remain.
-        """
-        prev = copy.deepcopy(self.data)
-        self.dereference()
-        while prev != self.data:
-            self.dereference()
-            prev = copy.deepcopy(self.data)
-
-    @abstractmethod
-    def dump(self, path: DefinitePath) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps the config as a file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        """
-
-    @staticmethod
-    @abstractmethod
-    def dump_dict(path: OptionalPath, cfg: dict, opts: Optional[ns] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps a provided config dictionary as a file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
-        :param opts: Other options required by a subclass.
-        """
-
-    def from_ordereddict(self, in_dict: dict) -> dict:
-        """
-        Recursively replaces all OrderedDict objects with basic dict objects.
-
-        :param: in_dict: A dictionary potentially containing OrderedDict objects
-        """
-        if isinstance(in_dict, OrderedDict):
-            in_dict = dict(in_dict)
-        for sect, keys in in_dict.items():
-            if isinstance(keys, OrderedDict):
-                in_dict[sect] = dict(keys)
-        return in_dict
-
-    def parse_include(self, ref_dict: Optional[dict] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Recursively process include directives in a config object.
-
-        Recursively traverse the dictionary, replacing include tags with the contents of the files
-        they specify. Assumes a section/key/value structure. YAML provides this functionality in its
-        own loader.
-
-        :param ref_dict: A config object to process instead of the object's own data.
-        """
-        if ref_dict is None:
-            ref_dict = self.data
-        for key, value in copy.deepcopy(ref_dict).items():
-            if isinstance(value, dict):
-                self.parse_include(ref_dict[key])
-            elif isinstance(value, str):
-                if m := re.match(r"^\s*%s\s+(.*)" % INCLUDE_TAG, value):
-                    filepaths = yaml.safe_load(m[1])
-                    self.update_values(self._load_paths(filepaths))
-                    del ref_dict[key]
-
-    def reify_scalar_str(self, s: str) -> Union[bool, float, int, str]:
-        """
-        Reify a string to a Python object, using YAML. Jinja2 templates will be passed as-is.
-
-        :param s: The string to reify.
-        """
-        try:
-            r = yaml.safe_load(s)
-        except yaml.YAMLError:
-            return s
-        return s if type(r) in [dict, list] else r
-
-    def update_values(self, src: Union[dict, Config], dst: Optional[Config] = None):
-        """
-        Updates a Config object.
-
-        Update the instance's own data (or, optionally, that of the specifed Config object) with the
-        values provided by another dictionary or Config object.
-
-        :param src: The dictionary with new data to use.
-        :param dst: The Config to update with the new data.
-        """
-        srcdict = src.data if isinstance(src, Config) else src
-        dstcfg = self if dst is None else dst
-        for key, new_val in srcdict.items():
-            if isinstance(new_val, dict):
-                if isinstance(dstcfg.get(key), dict):
-                    self.update_values(new_val, dstcfg[key])
-                else:
-                    dstcfg[key] = new_val
-            else:
-                dstcfg[key] = new_val
-
-    # Private methods
-
-    def _depth(self, tree: dict) -> int:
-        """
-        The depth of this config's hierarchy.
-
-        :param tree: A (sub)tree in the config.
-        :return: The length of the longest path to a value in the config.
-        """
-        return (max(map(self._depth, tree.values())) + 1) if isinstance(tree, dict) else 0
-
-
-class INIConfig(Config):
-    """
-    Concrete class to handle INI config files.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        config_file: str,
-        space_around_delimiters: bool = True,
-    ):
-        """
-        Construct an INIConfig object.
-
-        Spaces may be included for INI format, but should be excluded for bash.
-
-        :param config_file: Path to the config file to load.
-        :param space_around_delimiters: Include spaces around delimiters?
-        """
-        super().__init__(config_file)
-        self.space_around_delimiters = space_around_delimiters
-        self.parse_include()
-
-    # Private methods
-
-    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
-        """
-        Reads and parses an INI file.
-
-        See docs for Config._load().
-
-        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
-        """
-        # The protected _sections method is the most straightforward way to get at the dict
-        # representation of the parse config.
-
-        cfg = configparser.ConfigParser(dict_type=OrderedDict)
-        cfg.optionxform = str  # type: ignore
-        sections = cfg._sections  # type: ignore # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        with readable(config_file) as f:
-            raw = f.read()
-        try:
-            cfg.read_string(raw)
-            d = dict(sections)
-        except configparser.MissingSectionHeaderError:
-            cfg.read_string("[top]\n" + raw)
-            d = dict(sections.get("top"))
-        return self.from_ordereddict(d)
-
-    # Public methods
-
-    def dump(self, path: DefinitePath) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps the config as an INI file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        """
-        INIConfig.dump_dict(path, self.data, ns(space=self.space_around_delimiters))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def dump_dict(path: OptionalPath, cfg: dict, opts: Optional[ns] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps a provided config dictionary as an INI file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
-        :param space_around_delimiters: Place spaces around delimiters?
-        """
-        parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
-        with writable(path) as f:
-            try:
-                parser.read_dict(cfg)
-                parser.write(f, space_around_delimiters=opts.space if opts else True)
-            except AttributeError:
-                for key, value in cfg.items():
-                    print(f"{key}={value}", file=f)
-
-
-class NMLConfig(Config):
-    """
-    Concrete class to handle Fortran namelist files.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, config_file) -> None:
-        super().__init__(config_file)
-        self.parse_include()
-
-    # Private methods
-
-    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
-        """
-        Reads and parses a Fortran namelist file.
-
-        See docs for Config._load().
-
-        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
-        """
-        with readable(config_file) as f:
-            cfg = f90nml.read(f).todict(complex_tuple=False)
-        return self.from_ordereddict(cfg)
-
-    # Public methods
-
-    def dump(self, path: DefinitePath) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps the config as a Fortran namelist file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        """
-        NMLConfig.dump_dict(path, self.data)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def dump_dict(path: OptionalPath, cfg: dict, opts: Optional[ns] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps a provided config dictionary as a Fortran namelist file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
-        :param opts: Other options required by a subclass.
-        """
-        nml = OrderedDict(cfg)
-        for sect, keys in nml.items():
-            if isinstance(keys, dict):
-                nml[sect] = OrderedDict(keys)
-        with writable(path) as f:
-            f90nml.Namelist(nml).write(f, sort=False)
-
-
-class YAMLConfig(Config):
-    """
-    Concrete class to handle YAML config files.
-    """
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        """
-        The string representation of a YAMLConfig object.
-        """
-        return yaml.dump(self.data)
-
-    # Private methods
-
-    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
-        """
-        Reads and parses a YAML file.
-
-        See docs for Config._load().
-
-        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
-        """
-        loader = self._yaml_loader
-        with readable(config_file) as f:
-            try:
-                cfg = yaml.load(f, Loader=loader)
-            except yaml.constructor.ConstructorError as e:
-                if e.problem:
-                    if "unhashable" in e.problem:
-                        msg = MSGS.unhashable
-                    else:
-                        constructor = e.problem.split()[-1]
-                        msg = MSGS.unregistered_constructor.format(
-                            config_file=config_file, constructor=constructor
-                        )
-                else:
-                    msg = str(e)
-                raise _log_and_error(msg) from e
-        return self.from_ordereddict(cfg)
-
-    def _yaml_include(self, loader: yaml.Loader, node: yaml.SequenceNode) -> dict:
-        """
-        Returns a dictionary with include tags processed.
-
-        :param loader: The YAML loader.
-        :param node: A YAML node.
-        """
-        filepaths = loader.construct_sequence(node)
-        return self._load_paths(filepaths)
-
-    @property
-    def _yaml_loader(self) -> type[yaml.SafeLoader]:
-        """
-        Set up the loader with the appropriate constructors.
-        """
-        loader = yaml.SafeLoader
-        loader.add_constructor(INCLUDE_TAG, self._yaml_include)
-        return loader
-
-    # Public methods
-
-    def dump(self, path: DefinitePath) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps the config as a YAML file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        """
-        YAMLConfig.dump_dict(path, self.data)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def dump_dict(path: OptionalPath, cfg: dict, opts: Optional[ns] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps a provided config dictionary as a YAML file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
-        :param opts: Other options required by a subclass.
-        """
-        with writable(path) as f:
-            yaml.dump(cfg, f, sort_keys=False)
-
-
-class FieldTableConfig(YAMLConfig):
-    """
-    This class exists to write out a field_table format given that its configuration has been set by
-    an input YAML file.
-    """
-
-    # Public methods
-
-    def dump(self, path: DefinitePath) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps the config as a Field Table file.
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        """
-        FieldTableConfig.dump_dict(path, self.data)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def dump_dict(path: OptionalPath, cfg: dict, opts: Optional[ns] = None) -> None:
-        """
-        Dumps a provided config dictionary as a Field Table file.
-
-        FMS field and tracer managers must be registered in an ASCII table called 'field_table'.
-        This table lists field type, target model and methods the querying model will ask for. See
-        UFS documentation for more information:
-
-        https://ufs-weather-model.readthedocs.io/en/ufs-v1.0.0/InputsOutputs.html#field-table-file
-
-        The example format for generating a field file is:
-
-        sphum:
-          longname: specific humidity
-          units: kg/kg
-          profile_type:
-            name: fixed
-            surface_value: 1.e30
-
-        :param path: Path to dump config to.
-        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
-        :param opts: Other options required by a subclass.
-        """
-        lines = []
-        for field, settings in cfg.items():
-            lines.append(f' "TRACER", "atmos_mod", "{field}"')
-            for key, value in settings.items():
-                if isinstance(value, dict):
-                    method_string = f'{" ":7}"{key}", "{value.pop("name")}"'
-                    # All control vars go into one set of quotes.
-                    control_vars = [f"{method}={val}" for method, val in value.items()]
-                    # Whitespace after the comma matters.
-                    lines.append(f'{method_string}, "{", ".join(control_vars)}"')
-                else:
-                    # Formatting of variable spacing dependent on key length.
-                    lines.append(f'{" ":11}"{key}", "{value}"')
-            lines[-1] += " /"
-        with writable(path) as f:
-            print("\n".join(lines), file=f)
-
-
-# Public functions
-
-
-def compare_configs(
-    config_a_path: DefinitePath,
-    config_a_format: str,
-    config_b_path: DefinitePath,
-    config_b_format: str,
-) -> bool:
-    """
-    Compare two config files.
-
-    :param config_a_path: Path to first config file.
-    :param config_a_format: Format of first config file.
-    :param config_b_path: Path to second config file.
-    :param config_b_format: Format of second config file.
-    :return: False if config files had differences, otherwise True.
-    """
-
-    cfg_a = format_to_config(config_a_format)(config_a_path)
-    cfg_b = format_to_config(config_b_format)(config_b_path)
-    logging.info("- %s", config_a_path)
-    logging.info("+ %s", config_b_path)
-    logging.info("-" * MSGWIDTH)
-    return cfg_a.compare_config(cfg_b.data)
-
-
-def format_to_config(cli_name: str) -> Type[Config]:
-    """
-    Maps a CLI format name to its corresponding Config class.
-
-    :param cli_name: The format name as known to the CLI.
-    :return: The appropriate Config class.
-    """
-    classes: Dict[str, type[Config]] = {
-        FORMAT.fieldtable: FieldTableConfig,
-        FORMAT.ini: INIConfig,
-        FORMAT.nml: NMLConfig,
-        FORMAT.yaml: YAMLConfig,
-    }
-    try:
-        return classes[cli_name]
-    except KeyError as e:
-        raise _log_and_error(
-            "Format '%s' should be one of: %s" % (e.args[0], ", ".join(classes.keys()))
-        ) from e
-
-
-def print_config_section(config: dict, key_path: List[str]) -> None:
-    """
-    Descends into the config via the given keys, then prints the contents of the located subtree as
-    key=value pairs, one per line.
-    """
-    keys = []
-    current_path = "<unknown>"
-    for section in key_path:
-        keys.append(section)
-        current_path = " -> ".join(keys)
-        try:
-            subconfig = config[section]
-        except KeyError as e:
-            raise _log_and_error(f"Bad config path: {current_path}") from e
-        if not isinstance(subconfig, dict):
-            raise _log_and_error(f"Value at {current_path} must be a dictionary")
-        config = subconfig
-    output_lines = []
-    for key, value in config.items():
-        if type(value) not in (bool, float, int, str):
-            raise _log_and_error(f"Non-scalar value {value} found at {current_path}")
-        output_lines.append(f"{key}={value}")
-    print("\n".join(sorted(output_lines)))
-
-
-def realize_config(
-    input_file: OptionalPath,
-    input_format: str,
-    output_file: OptionalPath,
-    output_format: str,
-    values_file: OptionalPath,
-    values_format: Optional[str],
-    values_needed: bool = False,
-    dry_run: bool = False,
-) -> bool:
-    """
-    Realize an output config based on an input config and an optional values-providing config.
-
-    :param input_file: Input config file (stdin used when None).
-    :param input_format: Format of the input config.
-    :param output_file: Output config file (stdout used when None).
-    :param output_format: Format of the output config.
-    :param values_file: File providing values to modify input.
-    :param values_format: Format of the values config file.
-    :param values_needed: Provide a report about complete, missing, and template values.
-    :param dry_run: Log output instead of writing to output.
-    :return: True if no exception is raised.
-    :raises: UWConfigError if errors are encountered.
-    """
-
-    input_obj = format_to_config(input_format)(config_file=input_file)
-    input_obj.dereference_all()
-    input_obj = _realize_config_update(input_obj, values_file, values_format)
-    _realize_config_check_depths(input_obj, output_format)
-    if values_needed:
-        return _realize_config_values_needed(input_obj)
-    if dry_run:
-        logging.info(input_obj)
-    else:
-        format_to_config(output_format).dump_dict(path=output_file, cfg=input_obj.data)
-    return True
-
-
-# Private functions
-
-
-def _log_and_error(msg: str) -> Exception:
-    """
-    Log an error message and raise an exception.
-
-    :param msg: The error message to log and to associate with raised exception.
-    """
-    logging.error(msg)
-    return UWConfigError(msg)
-
-
-def _realize_config_check_depths(input_obj: Config, output_format: str) -> None:
-    """
-    Check that the depth of the input config does not exceed the output format's max.
-
-    :param input_obj: The input config.
-    :param output_format: The output format:
-    :raises: UWConfigError on excessive input-config depth.
-    """
-    if (output_format == FORMAT.ini and input_obj.depth > 2) or (
-        output_format == FORMAT.nml and input_obj.depth != 2
-    ):
-        msg = "Cannot write depth-%s input to type-'%s' output" % (input_obj.depth, output_format)
-        logging.error(msg)
-        raise UWConfigError(msg)
-
-
-def _realize_config_update(
-    input_obj: Config, values_file: OptionalPath, values_format: Optional[str]
-) -> Config:
-    """
-    Update config with values from another config, if given.
-
-    :param input_obj: The config to update.
-    :param values_file: File providing values to modify input.
-    :param values_format: Format of the values config file.
-    :return: The input config, possibly updated.
-    """
-    if values_file:
-        logging.debug("Before update, config has depth %s", input_obj.depth)
-        values_format = values_format or get_file_type(values_file)
-        values_obj = format_to_config(values_format)(config_file=values_file)
-        logging.debug("Values config has depth %s", values_obj.depth)
-        input_obj.update_values(values_obj)
-        input_obj.dereference_all()
-        logging.debug("After update, input config has depth %s", input_obj.depth)
-    else:
-        logging.debug("Input config has depth %s", input_obj.depth)
-    return input_obj
-
-
-def _realize_config_values_needed(input_obj: Config) -> bool:
-    """
-    Print a report characterizing input values as complete, empty, or template placeholders.
-
-    :param input_obj: The config to update.
-    """
-    complete, empty, template = input_obj.characterize_values(input_obj.data, parent="")
-    logging.info("Keys that are complete:")
-    for var in complete:
-        logging.info(var)
-    logging.info("")
-    logging.info("Keys that have unfilled Jinja2 templates:")
-    for var in template:
-        logging.info(var)
-    logging.info("")
-    logging.info("Keys that are set to empty:")
-    for var in empty:
-        logging.info(var)
-    return True
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/uwtools/tests/files/__init__.py
rename to src/uwtools/config/formats/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/formats/base.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e0e769d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/formats/base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections import UserDict
+from copy import deepcopy
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import yaml
+
+from uwtools.config.jinja2 import dereference
+from uwtools.config.support import INCLUDE_TAG, depth, log_and_error
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.types import OptionalPath
+
+
+class Config(ABC, UserDict):
+    """
+    A base class specifying (and partially implementing) methods to read, manipulate, and write
+    several configuration-file formats.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Construct a Config object.
+
+        :param config: Config file to load (None => read from stdin), or initial dict.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(config, dict):
+            self._config_file = None
+            self.update(config)
+        else:
+            self._config_file = str(config) if config else None
+            self.data = self._load(self._config_file)
+        if self.get_depth_threshold() and self.depth != self.get_depth_threshold():
+            raise UWConfigError(
+                "Cannot instantiate depth-%s %s with depth-%s config"
+                % (self.get_depth_threshold(), type(self).__name__, self.depth)
+            )
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the string representation of a Config object.
+        """
+        return json.dumps(self.data)
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
+        """
+        Reads and parses a config file.
+
+        Returns the result of loading and parsing the specified config file, or stdin if no file is
+        given.
+
+        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
+        """
+
+    def _load_paths(self, config_files: List[str]) -> dict:
+        """
+        Merge and return the contents of a collection of config files.
+
+        :param config_files: Paths to the config files to read and merge.
+        """
+        cfg = {}
+        for config_file in config_files:
+            if not os.path.isabs(config_file):
+                if self._config_file:
+                    config_file = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(self._config_file), config_file)
+                else:
+                    raise log_and_error(
+                        "Reading from stdin, a relative path was encountered: %s" % config_file
+                    )
+            cfg.update(self._load(config_file=config_file))
+        return cfg
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def characterize_values(self, values: dict, parent: str) -> Tuple[list, list, list]:
+        """
+        Characterize values as complete, empty, or template placeholders.
+
+        :param values: The dictionary to examine.
+        :param parent: Parent key.
+        :return: Lists of of complete, empty, and template-placeholder values.
+        """
+        complete: List[str] = []
+        empty: List[str] = []
+        template: List[str] = []
+        for key, val in values.items():
+            if isinstance(val, dict):
+                complete.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
+                c, e, t = self.characterize_values(val, f"{parent}{key}.")
+                complete, empty, template = complete + c, empty + e, template + t
+            elif isinstance(val, list):
+                for item in val:
+                    if isinstance(item, dict):
+                        c, e, t = self.characterize_values(item, parent)
+                        complete, empty, template = complete + c, empty + e, template + t
+                        complete.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
+                    elif "{{" in str(val) or "{%" in str(val):
+                        template.append(f"    {parent}{key}: {val}")
+                        break
+            elif "{{" in str(val) or "{%" in str(val):
+                template.append(f"    {parent}{key}: {val}")
+            elif val == "" or val is None:
+                empty.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
+            else:
+                complete.append(f"    {parent}{key}")
+        return complete, empty, template
+
+    def compare_config(self, dict1: dict, dict2: Optional[dict] = None) -> bool:
+        """
+        Compare two config dictionaries.
+
+        Assumes a section/key/value structure.
+
+        :param dict1: The first dictionary.
+        :param dict2: The second dictionary.
+        :return: True if the configs are identical, False otherwise.
+        """
+        dict2 = self.data if dict2 is None else dict2
+        diffs: dict = {}
+
+        for sect, items in dict2.items():
+            for key, val in items.items():
+                if val != dict1.get(sect, {}).get(key, ""):
+                    try:
+                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {val} + {dict1.get(sect, {}).get(key)}"
+                    except KeyError:
+                        diffs[sect] = {}
+                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {val} + {dict1.get(sect, {}).get(key)}"
+
+        for sect, items in dict1.items():
+            for key, val in items.items():
+                if val != dict2.get(sect, {}).get(key, "") and diffs.get(sect, {}).get(key) is None:
+                    try:
+                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {dict2.get(sect, {}).get(key)} + {val}"
+                    except KeyError:
+                        diffs[sect] = {}
+                        diffs[sect][key] = f" - {dict2.get(sect, {}).get(key)} + {val}"
+
+        for sect, keys in diffs.items():
+            for key in keys:
+                msg = f"{sect}: {key:>15}: {keys[key]}"
+                log.info(msg)
+
+        return not diffs
+
+    @property
+    def depth(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Returns the depth of this config's hierarchy.
+        """
+        return depth(self.data)
+
+    def dereference(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Render as much Jinja2 syntax as possible.
+        """
+
+        def logstate(state: str) -> None:
+            log.debug("Dereferencing, %s value:", state)
+            for line in str(self).split("\n"):
+                log.debug("  %s", line)
+
+        while True:
+            logstate("current")
+            new = dereference(val=self.data, context={**os.environ, **self.data})
+            assert isinstance(new, dict)
+            if new == self.data:
+                break
+            self.data = new
+        logstate("final")
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps the config to stdout or a file.
+
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold() -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Returns the config's depth threshold.
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg: dict, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps a provided config dictionary to stdout or a file.
+
+        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def get_format() -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the config's format name.
+        """
+
+    def parse_include(self, ref_dict: Optional[dict] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Recursively process include directives in a config object.
+
+        Recursively traverse the dictionary, replacing include tags with the contents of the files
+        they specify. Assumes a section/key/value structure. YAML provides this functionality in its
+        own loader.
+
+        :param ref_dict: A config object to process instead of the object's own data.
+        """
+        if ref_dict is None:
+            ref_dict = self.data
+        for key, value in deepcopy(ref_dict).items():
+            if isinstance(value, dict):
+                self.parse_include(ref_dict[key])
+            elif isinstance(value, str):
+                if m := re.match(r"^\s*%s\s+(.*)" % INCLUDE_TAG, value):
+                    filepaths = yaml.safe_load(m[1])
+                    self.update_values(self._load_paths(filepaths))
+                    del ref_dict[key]
+
+    def update_values(self, src: Union[dict, Config]) -> None:
+        """
+        Updates a config.
+
+        :param src: The dictionary with new data to use.
+        """
+
+        def update(src: dict, dst: dict) -> None:
+            for key, val in src.items():
+                if isinstance(val, dict):
+                    if isinstance(dst.get(key), dict):
+                        update(val, dst[key])
+                    else:
+                        dst[key] = val
+                else:
+                    dst[key] = val
+
+        update(src.data if isinstance(src, Config) else src, self.data)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/formats/fieldtable.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/fieldtable.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..939dceb76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/formats/fieldtable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+from typing import Optional
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, OptionalPath, writable
+
+
+class FieldTableConfig(YAMLConfig):
+    """
+    This class exists to write out a field_table format given that its configuration has been set by
+    an input YAML file.
+    """
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps the config in Field Table format.
+
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        self.dump_dict(self.data, path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg: dict, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps a provided config dictionary in Field Table format.
+
+        FMS field and tracer managers must be registered in an ASCII table called 'field_table'.
+        This table lists field type, target model and methods the querying model will ask for. See
+        UFS documentation for more information:
+
+        https://ufs-weather-model.readthedocs.io/en/ufs-v1.0.0/InputsOutputs.html#field-table-file
+
+        The example format for generating a field file is:
+
+        sphum:
+          longname: specific humidity
+          units: kg/kg
+          profile_type:
+            name: fixed
+            surface_value: 1.e30
+
+        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        lines = []
+        for field, settings in cfg.items():
+            lines.append(f' "TRACER", "atmos_mod", "{field}"')
+            for key, value in settings.items():
+                if isinstance(value, dict):
+                    method_string = f'{" ":7}"{key}", "{value.pop("name")}"'
+                    # All control vars go into one set of quotes.
+                    control_vars = [f"{method}={val}" for method, val in value.items()]
+                    # Whitespace after the comma matters.
+                    lines.append(f'{method_string}, "{", ".join(control_vars)}"')
+                else:
+                    # Formatting of variable spacing dependent on key length.
+                    lines.append(f'{" ":11}"{key}", "{value}"')
+            lines[-1] += " /"
+        with writable(path) as f:
+            print("\n".join(lines), file=f)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold() -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Returns the config's depth threshold.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_format() -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the config's format name.
+        """
+        return FORMAT.fieldtable
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/formats/ini.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/ini.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5cd53e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/formats/ini.py
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# pylint: disable=duplicate-code
+
+import configparser
+from io import StringIO
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.tools import config_check_depths_dump
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, OptionalPath, readable, writable
+
+
+class INIConfig(Config):
+    """
+    Concrete class to handle INI config files.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None):
+        """
+        Construct an INIConfig object.
+
+        :param config: Config file to load (None => read from stdin), or initial dict.
+        """
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.parse_include()
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
+        """
+        Reads and parses an INI file.
+
+        See docs for Config._load().
+
+        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
+        """
+        cfg = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        with readable(config_file) as f:
+            cfg.read_string(f.read())
+        return {s: dict(cfg[s].items()) for s in cfg.sections()}
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps the config in INI format.
+
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        config_check_depths_dump(config_obj=self, target_format=FORMAT.ini)
+
+        self.dump_dict(self.data, path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg: dict, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps a provided config dictionary in INI format.
+
+        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+
+        # Configparser adds a newline after each section, presumably to create nice-looking output
+        # when an INI contains multiple sections. Unfortunately, it also adds a newline after the
+        # _final_ section, resulting in an anomalous trailing newline. To avoid this, write first to
+        # memory, then strip the trailing newline.
+
+        config_check_depths_dump(config_obj=cfg, target_format=FORMAT.ini)
+        parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        s = StringIO()
+        parser.read_dict(cfg)
+        parser.write(s)
+        with writable(path) as f:
+            print(s.getvalue().strip(), file=f)
+        s.close()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold() -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Returns the config's depth threshold.
+        """
+        return 2
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_format() -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the config's format name.
+        """
+        return FORMAT.ini
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/formats/nml.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/nml.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f48844859
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/formats/nml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+from collections import OrderedDict
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+import f90nml  # type: ignore
+from f90nml import Namelist
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.tools import config_check_depths_dump
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, OptionalPath, readable, writable
+
+
+class NMLConfig(Config):
+    """
+    Concrete class to handle Fortran namelist files.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Construct an NMLConfig object.
+
+        :param config: Config file to load (None => read from stdin), or initial dict.
+        """
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.parse_include()
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
+        """
+        Reads and parses a Fortran namelist file.
+
+        See docs for Config._load().
+
+        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
+        """
+        with readable(config_file) as f:
+            config: dict = f90nml.read(f)
+            return config
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps the config in Fortran namelist format.
+
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        self.dump_dict(cfg=self.data, path=path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg: Union[dict, Namelist], path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps a provided config dictionary in Fortran namelist format.
+
+        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+
+        def to_od(d):
+            return OrderedDict(
+                {key: to_od(val) if isinstance(val, dict) else val for key, val in d.items()}
+            )
+
+        config_check_depths_dump(config_obj=cfg, target_format=FORMAT.nml)
+        nml: Namelist = Namelist(to_od(cfg)) if not isinstance(cfg, Namelist) else cfg
+        with writable(path) as f:
+            nml.write(f, sort=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold() -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Returns the config's depth threshold.
+        """
+        return 2
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_format() -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the config's format name.
+        """
+        return FORMAT.nml
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/formats/sh.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/sh.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cc0c2b057
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/formats/sh.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import re
+import shlex
+from io import StringIO
+from typing import Optional, Union
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.tools import config_check_depths_dump
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, OptionalPath, readable, writable
+
+
+class SHConfig(Config):
+    """
+    Concrete class to handle bash config files.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: Union[dict, OptionalPath] = None):
+        """
+        Construct a SHConfig object.
+
+        :param config: Config file to load (None => read from stdin), or initial dict.
+        """
+        super().__init__(config)
+        self.parse_include()
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
+        """
+        Reads and parses key=value lines from shell code.
+
+        See docs for Config._load().
+
+        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
+        """
+        with readable(config_file) as f:
+            strings = shlex.split(f.read(), comments=True)
+        d = {}
+        for s in strings:
+            if m := re.match(r"^([a-zA-Z_]+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*)=(.*)$", s):
+                var, val = m[1], m[2]
+                d[var] = val
+                log.debug(f"Read variable '{var}' with value '{val}'")
+            else:
+                log.debug(f"Ignoring: {s}")
+        return d
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps the config as key=value lines.
+
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        config_check_depths_dump(config_obj=self, target_format=FORMAT.sh)
+        self.dump_dict(self.data, path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg: dict, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps a provided config dictionary in bash format.
+
+        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+
+        # Write first to a StringIO object to avoid creating a partial file in case of problems
+        # rendering or quoting config values.
+
+        config_check_depths_dump(config_obj=cfg, target_format=FORMAT.sh)
+        s = StringIO()
+        for key, value in cfg.items():
+            print("%s=%s" % (key, shlex.quote(str(value))), file=s)
+        with writable(path) as f:
+            print(s.getvalue().strip(), file=f)
+        s.close()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold() -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Returns the config's depth threshold.
+        """
+        return 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_format() -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the config's format name.
+        """
+        return FORMAT.sh
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/formats/yaml.py b/src/uwtools/config/formats/yaml.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7bb698c04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/formats/yaml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+from types import SimpleNamespace as ns
+from typing import Optional
+
+import yaml
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.support import INCLUDE_TAG, TaggedString, log_and_error
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, OptionalPath, readable, writable
+
+_MSGS = ns(
+    unhashable="""
+ERROR:
+The input config file may contain a Jinja2 templated value at the location listed above. Ensure the
+value is enclosed in quotes.
+""".strip(),
+    unregistered_constructor="""
+ERROR:
+The input config file contains a constructor that is not registered with the uwtools package.
+
+constructor: {constructor}
+config file: {config_file}
+
+Define the constructor before proceeding.
+""".strip(),
+    unregistered_filter="""
+ERROR:
+The input config file contains a Jinja2 filter that is not registered with the uwtools package.
+
+filter: {filter}
+key: {key}
+
+Define the filter before proceeding.
+""".strip(),
+)
+
+
+class YAMLConfig(Config):
+    """
+    Concrete class to handle YAML config files.
+    """
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """
+        The string representation of a YAMLConfig object.
+        """
+        yaml.add_representer(TaggedString, TaggedString.represent)
+        return yaml.dump(self.data, default_flow_style=False).strip()
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def _load(self, config_file: OptionalPath) -> dict:
+        """
+        Reads and parses a YAML file.
+
+        See docs for Config._load().
+
+        :param config_file: Path to config file to load.
+        """
+        loader = self._yaml_loader
+        with readable(config_file) as f:
+            try:
+                config = yaml.load(f.read(), Loader=loader)
+                assert isinstance(config, dict)
+                return config
+            except yaml.constructor.ConstructorError as e:
+                if e.problem:
+                    if "unhashable" in e.problem:
+                        msg = _MSGS.unhashable
+                    else:
+                        constructor = e.problem.split()[-1]
+                        msg = _MSGS.unregistered_constructor.format(
+                            config_file=config_file, constructor=constructor
+                        )
+                else:
+                    msg = str(e)
+                raise log_and_error(msg) from e
+
+    def _yaml_include(self, loader: yaml.Loader, node: yaml.SequenceNode) -> dict:
+        """
+        Returns a dictionary with include tags processed.
+
+        :param loader: The YAML loader.
+        :param node: A YAML node.
+        """
+        filepaths = loader.construct_sequence(node)
+        return self._load_paths(filepaths)
+
+    @property
+    def _yaml_loader(self) -> type[yaml.SafeLoader]:
+        """
+        Set up the loader with the appropriate constructors.
+        """
+        loader = yaml.SafeLoader
+        loader.add_constructor(INCLUDE_TAG, self._yaml_include)
+        for tag in TaggedString.TAGS:
+            loader.add_constructor(tag, TaggedString)
+        return loader
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps the config in YAML format.
+
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        self.dump_dict(self.data, path)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg: dict, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Dumps a provided config dictionary in YAML format.
+
+        :param cfg: The in-memory config object to dump.
+        :param path: Path to dump config to.
+        """
+        yaml.add_representer(TaggedString, TaggedString.represent)
+        with writable(path) as f:
+            yaml.dump(cfg, f, sort_keys=False)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold() -> Optional[int]:
+        """
+        Returns the config's depth threshold.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_format() -> str:
+        """
+        Returns the config's format name.
+        """
+        return FORMAT.yaml
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/j2template.py b/src/uwtools/config/j2template.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 44cd7b86c..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/config/j2template.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Support for handling Jinja2 templates.
-"""
-
-import logging
-import os
-from typing import List, Optional, Set
-
-from jinja2 import BaseLoader, Environment, FileSystemLoader, Template, meta
-
-
-class J2Template:
-    """
-    Reads Jinja templates from files or strings, and renders them using the user-provided values.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        values: dict,
-        template_path: Optional[str] = None,
-        template_str: Optional[str] = None,
-        **kwargs,
-    ) -> None:
-        """
-        :param values: Values needed to render the provided template.
-        :param template_path: Path to a Jinja2 template file.
-        :param template_str: An in-memory Jinja2 template.
-        :raises: RuntimeError: If neither a template file or path is provided.
-        """
-        self._values = values
-        self._template_path = template_path
-        self._template_str = template_str
-        self._loader_args = kwargs.get("loader_args", {})
-        if template_path is not None:
-            self._template = self._load_file(template_path)
-        elif template_str is not None:
-            self._template = self._load_string(template_str)
-        else:
-            raise RuntimeError("Must provide either a template path or a template string")
-
-    # Public methods
-
-    def dump(self, output_path: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Write rendered template to the path provided.
-
-        :param output_path: Path to file to write.
-        """
-        msg = f"Writing rendered template to output file: {output_path}"
-        logging.debug(msg)
-        with open(output_path, "w+", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            print(self.render(), file=f)
-
-    def render(self) -> str:
-        """
-        Render the Jinja2 template so that it's available in memory.
-
-        :return: A string containing a rendered Jinja2 template.
-        """
-        return self._template.render(self._values)
-
-    @property
-    def undeclared_variables(self) -> Set[str]:
-        """
-        Returns the names of variables needed to render the template.
-
-        :return: Names of variables needed to render the template.
-        """
-        if self._template_str is not None:
-            j2_parsed = self._j2env.parse(self._template_str)
-        else:
-            assert self._template_path is not None
-            with open(self._template_path, encoding="utf-8") as file_:
-                j2_parsed = self._j2env.parse(file_.read())
-        return meta.find_undeclared_variables(j2_parsed)
-
-    # Private methods
-
-    def _load_file(self, template_path: str) -> Template:
-        """
-        Load the Jinja2 template from the file provided.
-
-        :param template_path: Filesystem path to the Jinja2 template file.
-        :return: The Jinja2 template object.
-        """
-        self._j2env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(searchpath="/"))
-        _register_filters(self._j2env)
-        return self._j2env.get_template(template_path)
-
-    def _load_string(self, template: str) -> Template:
-        """
-        Load the Jinja2 template from the string provided.
-
-        :param template: An in-memory Jinja2 template.
-        :return: The Jinja2 template object.
-        """
-        self._j2env = Environment(loader=BaseLoader(), **self._loader_args)
-        _register_filters(self._j2env)
-        return self._j2env.from_string(template)
-
-
-# Public functions
-
-
-def path_join(path_components: List[str]) -> str:
-    """
-    A Jinja2 filter definition for joining paths.
-
-    :param path_components: The filesystem path components to join into a single path.
-    :return: The joined path.
-    """
-    return os.path.join(*path_components)
-
-
-# Private functions
-
-
-def _register_filters(j2env: Environment) -> None:
-    """
-    Register a set of filters with a Jinja2 Environment.
-
-    :param j2env: The Jinja2 Environment with which to register filters.
-    """
-    j2env.filters["path_join"] = path_join
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/jinja2.py b/src/uwtools/config/jinja2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fc9abc14f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/jinja2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+"""
+Support for rendering Jinja2 templates.
+"""
+
+import os
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
+
+from jinja2 import (
+    BaseLoader,
+    Environment,
+    FileSystemLoader,
+    StrictUndefined,
+    Template,
+    Undefined,
+    meta,
+)
+from jinja2.exceptions import UndefinedError
+
+from uwtools.config.support import TaggedString, format_to_config
+from uwtools.logging import MSGWIDTH, log
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
+from uwtools.utils.file import get_file_format, readable, writable
+
+_ConfigVal = Union[bool, dict, float, int, list, str, TaggedString]
+
+
+class J2Template:
+    """
+    Reads Jinja2 templates from files or strings, and renders them using the user-provided values.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, values: dict, template_source: Union[str, DefinitePath]) -> None:
+        """
+        :param values: Values needed to render the provided template.
+        :param template_source: Jinja2 string or template file path (None => read stdin).
+        :raises: RuntimeError: If neither a template file or path is provided.
+        """
+        self._values = values
+        self._template = (
+            self._load_string(template_source)
+            if isinstance(template_source, str)
+            else self._load_file(template_source)
+        )
+        self._template_source = template_source
+
+    # Public methods
+
+    def dump(self, output_path: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Write rendered template to the path provided.
+
+        :param output_path: Path to file to write.
+        """
+        msg = f"Writing rendered template to output file: {output_path}"
+        log.debug(msg)
+        with writable(output_path) as f:
+            print(self.render(), file=f)
+
+    def render(self) -> str:
+        """
+        Render the Jinja2 template so that it's available in memory.
+
+        :return: A string containing a rendered Jinja2 template.
+        """
+        return self._template.render(self._values)
+
+    @property
+    def undeclared_variables(self) -> Set[str]:
+        """
+        Returns the names of variables needed to render the template.
+
+        :return: Names of variables needed to render the template.
+        """
+        if isinstance(self._template_source, str):
+            j2_parsed = self._j2env.parse(self._template_source)
+        else:
+            with open(self._template_source, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                j2_parsed = self._j2env.parse(f.read())
+        return meta.find_undeclared_variables(j2_parsed)
+
+    # Private methods
+
+    def _load_file(self, template_path: DefinitePath) -> Template:
+        """
+        Load the Jinja2 template from the file provided.
+
+        :param template_path: Filesystem path to the Jinja2 template file.
+        :return: The Jinja2 template object.
+        """
+        self._j2env = Environment(loader=FileSystemLoader(searchpath="/"))
+        _register_filters(self._j2env)
+        return self._j2env.get_template(str(template_path))
+
+    def _load_string(self, template: str) -> Template:
+        """
+        Load the Jinja2 template from the string provided.
+
+        :param template: An in-memory Jinja2 template.
+        :return: The Jinja2 template object.
+        """
+        self._j2env = Environment(loader=BaseLoader())
+        _register_filters(self._j2env)
+        return self._j2env.from_string(template)
+
+
+# Public functions
+
+
+def dereference(val: _ConfigVal, context: dict, local: Optional[dict] = None) -> _ConfigVal:
+    """
+    Render Jinja2 syntax, wherever possible.
+
+    Build a replacement value with Jinja2 syntax rendered. Depend on recursion for dict and list
+    values; render strings; convert values tagged with explicit types; and return objects of other
+    types unmodified. Rendering may fail for valid reasons -- notably a replacement value not being
+    available in the given context object. In such cases, return the original value: Any unrendered
+    Jinja2 syntax it contains may may be rendered by later processing with better context.
+
+    When rendering dict values, replacement values will be taken from, in priority order
+      1. The full context dict
+      2. Local sibling values in the dict
+
+    :param val: A value possibly containing Jinja2 syntax.
+    :param context: Values to use when rendering Jinja2 syntax.
+    :param local: Local sibling values to use if a match is not found in context.
+    :return: The input value, with Jinja2 syntax rendered.
+    """
+    rendered: _ConfigVal = val  # fall-back value
+    if isinstance(val, dict):
+        return {k: dereference(v, context, local=val) for k, v in val.items()}
+    if isinstance(val, list):
+        return [dereference(v, context) for v in val]
+    if isinstance(val, str):
+        _deref_debug("Rendering", val)
+        rendered = _deref_render(val, context, local)
+    elif isinstance(val, TaggedString):
+        _deref_debug("Rendering", val.value)
+        val.value = _deref_render(val.value, context, local)
+        rendered = _deref_convert(val)
+    else:
+        _deref_debug("Accepting", val)
+    return rendered
+
+
+def render(
+    values: Union[dict, DefinitePath],
+    values_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    input_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    output_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    overrides: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+    values_needed: bool = False,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check and render a Jinja2 template.
+
+    :param values: Source of values to render the template.
+    :param values_format: Format of values when sourced from file.
+    :param input_file: Path to read raw Jinja2 template from (None => read stdin).
+    :param output_file: Path to write rendered Jinja2 template to (None => write to stdout).
+    :param overrides: Supplemental override values.
+    :param values_needed: Just report variables needed to render the template?
+    :param dry_run: Run in dry-run mode?
+    :return: Jinja2 template was successfully rendered.
+    """
+
+    # Render template.
+
+    _report(locals())
+    if not isinstance(values, dict):
+        values = _set_up_values_obj(
+            values_file=values, values_format=values_format, overrides=overrides
+        )
+    with readable(input_file) as f:
+        template_str = f.read()
+    template = J2Template(values=values, template_source=template_str)
+    undeclared_variables = template.undeclared_variables
+
+    # If a report of variables required to render the template was requested, make that report and
+    # then return.
+
+    if values_needed:
+        return _values_needed(undeclared_variables)
+
+    # Check for missing values required to render the template. If found, report them and raise an
+    # exception.
+
+    missing = [var for var in undeclared_variables if var not in values.keys()]
+    if missing:
+        return _log_missing_values(missing)
+
+    # In dry-run mode, log the rendered template. Otherwise, write the rendered template.
+
+    return (
+        _dry_run_template(template.render())
+        if dry_run
+        else _write_template(output_file, template.render())
+    )
+
+
+# Private functions
+
+
+def _deref_convert(val: TaggedString) -> _ConfigVal:
+    """
+    Convert a string tagged with an explicit type.
+
+    If conversion cannot be performed (e.g. the value was tagged as an int but int() is not a value
+    that can be represented as an int, the original value will be returned unchanged.
+
+    :param val: A scalar value tagged with an explicit type.
+    :return: The value translated to the specified type.
+    """
+    converted: _ConfigVal = val  # fall-back value
+    _deref_debug("Converting", val.value)
+    try:
+        converted = val.convert()
+        _deref_debug("Converted", converted)
+    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        _deref_debug("Conversion failed", str(e))
+    return converted
+
+
+def _deref_debug(action: str, val: _ConfigVal) -> None:
+    """
+    Log a debug-level message related to dereferencing.
+
+    :param action: The dereferencing activity being performed.
+    :param val: The value being dereferenced.
+    """
+    log.debug("[dereference] %s: %s", action, val)
+
+
+def _deref_render(val: str, context: dict, local: Optional[dict] = None) -> str:
+    """
+    Render a Jinja2 variable/expression as part of dereferencing.
+
+    If this function cannot render the value, either because it contains no Jinja2 syntax or because
+    insufficient context is currently available, a debug message will be logged and the original
+    value will be returned unchanged.
+
+    :param val: The value potentially containing Jinja2 syntax to render.
+    :param context: Values to use when rendering Jinja2 syntax.
+    :param local: Local sibling values to use if a match is not found in context.
+    :return: The rendered value (potentially unchanged).
+    """
+    try:
+        rendered = (
+            _register_filters(Environment(undefined=StrictUndefined))
+            .from_string(val)
+            .render({**(local or {}), **context})
+        )
+        _deref_debug("Rendered", rendered)
+    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-exception-caught
+        _deref_debug("Rendering failed", str(e))
+        rendered = val
+    return rendered
+
+
+def _dry_run_template(rendered_template: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Log the rendered template and then return as successful.
+
+    :param rendered_template: A string containing a rendered Jinja2 template.
+    :return: The successful logging of the template.
+    """
+
+    for line in rendered_template.split("\n"):
+        log.info(line)
+    return True
+
+
+def _log_missing_values(missing: List[str]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Log values missing from template and raise an exception.
+
+    :param missing: A list containing the undeclared variables that do not have a corresponding
+        match in values.
+    :return: Unable to successfully render template.
+    """
+
+    log.error("Required value(s) not provided:")
+    for key in missing:
+        log.error(key)
+    return False
+
+
+def _register_filters(env: Environment) -> Environment:
+    """
+    Add filters to a Jinja2 Environment.
+
+    :param env: The Environment to add the filters to.
+    :return: The input Environment, with filters added.
+    """
+
+    def path_join(path_components: List[str]) -> str:
+        if any(isinstance(x, Undefined) for x in path_components):
+            raise UndefinedError()
+        return os.path.join(*path_components)
+
+    filters = dict(
+        path_join=path_join,
+    )
+    env.filters.update(filters)
+    return env
+
+
+def _report(args: dict) -> None:
+    """
+    Log the names and values of arguments.
+
+    :param args: The argument names and their values.
+    """
+    dashes = lambda: log.debug("-" * MSGWIDTH)
+    log.debug("Internal arguments:")
+    dashes()
+    for varname, value in args.items():
+        log.debug("%16s: %s", varname, value)
+    dashes()
+
+
+def _set_up_values_obj(
+    values_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    values_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    overrides: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Collect template-rendering values based on an input file, if given, or otherwise on the shell
+    environment. Apply override values.
+
+    :param values_file: Path to the file supplying values to render the template.
+    :param values_format: Format of values when sourced from file.
+    :param overrides: Supplemental override values.
+    :returns: The collected values.
+    """
+    if values_file:
+        if values_format is None:
+            values_format = get_file_format(values_file)
+        values_class = format_to_config(values_format)
+        values: dict = values_class(values_file).data
+        log.debug("Read initial values from %s", values_file)
+    else:
+        values = dict(os.environ)  # Do not modify os.environ: Make a copy.
+        log.debug("Initial values taken from environment")
+    if overrides:
+        values.update(overrides)
+        log.debug("Updated values with overrides: %s", " ".join(overrides))
+    return values
+
+
+def _values_needed(undeclared_variables: Set[str]) -> bool:
+    """
+    Log variables needed to render the template.
+
+    :param undeclared_variables: A set containing the variables needed to render the template.
+    :return: Successfully logged values needed.
+    """
+
+    # If a report of variables required to render the template was requested, make that report and
+    # then return.
+    log.info("Value(s) needed to render this template are:")
+    for var in sorted(undeclared_variables):
+        log.info(var)
+    return True
+
+
+def _write_template(output_file: OptionalPath, rendered_template: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Write the rendered template.
+
+    :param output_file: Path to the file to write the rendered Jinja2 template to.
+    :param rendered_template: A string containing a rendered Jinja2 template.
+    :return: The successful writing of the rendered template.
+    """
+    with writable(output_file) as f:
+        print(rendered_template, file=f)
+    return True
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/support.py b/src/uwtools/config/support.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aba3bbd63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/support.py
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from importlib import import_module
+from typing import Dict, Type, Union
+
+import yaml
+
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+
+INCLUDE_TAG = "!INCLUDE"
+
+
+def depth(d: dict) -> int:
+    """
+    The depth of a dictionary.
+
+    :param d: The dictionary whose depth to calculate.
+    :return: The length of the longest path to a value in the dictionary.
+    """
+    return (max(map(depth, d.values()), default=0) + 1) if isinstance(d, dict) else 0
+
+
+def format_to_config(fmt: str) -> Type:
+    """
+    Maps a CLI format name to its corresponding Config class.
+
+    :param fmt: The format name as known to the CLI.
+    :return: The appropriate Config class.
+    """
+    lookup = {
+        FORMAT.fieldtable: "FieldTableConfig",
+        FORMAT.ini: "INIConfig",
+        FORMAT.nml: "NMLConfig",
+        FORMAT.sh: "SHConfig",
+        FORMAT.yaml: "YAMLConfig",
+    }
+    if not fmt in lookup:
+        raise log_and_error("Format '%s' should be one of: %s" % (fmt, ", ".join(lookup)))
+    cfgclass: Type = getattr(import_module(f"uwtools.config.formats.{fmt}"), lookup[fmt])
+    return cfgclass
+
+
+def log_and_error(msg: str) -> Exception:
+    """
+    Log an error message and return an exception for the caller to potentially raise.
+
+    :param msg: The error message to log and to associate with raised exception.
+    :return: An exception containing the same error message.
+    """
+    log.error(msg)
+    return UWConfigError(msg)
+
+
+class TaggedString:
+    """
+    A class supporting custom YAML tags specifying type conversions.
+
+    The constructor implements the interface required by a pyyaml Loader object's add_consructor()
+    method. See the pyyaml documentation for details.
+    """
+
+    TAGS: Dict[str, type] = {"!float": float, "!int": int}
+
+    def __init__(self, _: yaml.SafeLoader, node: yaml.nodes.ScalarNode) -> None:
+        self.tag: str = node.tag
+        self.value: str = node.value
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return "%s %s" % (self.tag, self.value)
+
+    def convert(self) -> Union[float, int]:
+        """
+        Return the original YAML value converted to the specified type.
+
+        Will raise an exception if the value cannot be represented as the specified type.
+        """
+        converters: Dict[str, Union[Type[float], Type[int]]] = dict(zip(self.TAGS, [float, int]))
+        return converters[self.tag](self.value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def represent(dumper: yaml.Dumper, data: TaggedString) -> yaml.nodes.ScalarNode:
+        """
+        Serialize a tagged scalar as "!type value".
+
+        Implements the interface required by pyyaml's add_representer() function. See the pyyaml
+        documentation for details.
+        """
+        return dumper.represent_scalar(data.tag, data.value)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/templater.py b/src/uwtools/config/templater.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5b280a440..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/config/templater.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Support for rendering Jinja2 templates.
-"""
-
-import logging
-import os
-from typing import Dict, Optional
-
-from uwtools.config.core import format_to_config
-from uwtools.config.j2template import J2Template
-from uwtools.logging import MSGWIDTH
-from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
-from uwtools.utils.file import get_file_type, readable, writable
-
-
-def render(
-    input_file: OptionalPath,
-    output_file: OptionalPath,
-    values_file: DefinitePath,
-    values_format: Optional[str] = None,
-    overrides: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    values_needed: bool = False,
-    dry_run: bool = False,
-) -> bool:
-    """
-    Render a Jinja2 template.
-
-    :param input_file: Path to the Jinja2 template file to render.
-    :param output_file: Path to the file to write the rendered Jinja2 template to.
-    :param values_file: Path to the file supplying values to render the template.
-    :param keq_eq_val_pairs: "key=value" strings to supplement values-file values.
-    :param values_needed: Just issue a report about variables needed to render the template?
-    :param dry_run: Run in dry-run mode?
-    """
-    _report(locals())
-    values = _set_up_values_obj(
-        values_file=values_file, values_format=values_format, overrides=overrides
-    )
-    with readable(input_file) as f:
-        template_str = f.read()
-    template = J2Template(values=values, template_str=template_str)
-    undeclared_variables = template.undeclared_variables
-
-    # If a report of variables required to render the template was requested, make that report and
-    # then return.
-
-    if values_needed:
-        logging.info("Value(s) needed to render this template are:")
-        for var in sorted(undeclared_variables):
-            logging.info(var)
-        return True
-
-    # Check for missing values required to render the template. If found, report them and raise an
-    # exception.
-
-    missing = [var for var in undeclared_variables if var not in values.keys()]
-    if missing:
-        msg = "Required value(s) not provided:"
-        logging.error(msg)
-        for key in missing:
-            logging.error(key)
-        return False
-
-    # In dry-run mode, display the rendered template and then return.
-
-    if dry_run:
-        rendered_template = template.render()
-        for line in rendered_template.split("\n"):
-            logging.info(line)
-        return True
-
-    # Write rendered template to file.
-
-    with writable(output_file) as f:
-        print(template.render(), file=f)
-    return True
-
-
-def _report(args: dict) -> None:
-    """
-    Log the names and values of arguments.
-
-    :param args: The argument names and their values.
-    """
-    dashes = lambda: logging.debug("-" * MSGWIDTH)
-    logging.debug("Internal arguments:")
-    dashes()
-    for varname, value in args.items():
-        logging.debug("%16s: %s", varname, value)
-    dashes()
-
-
-def _set_up_values_obj(
-    values_file: OptionalPath = None,
-    values_format: Optional[str] = None,
-    overrides: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-) -> dict:
-    """
-    Collect template-rendering values based on an input file, if given, or otherwise on the shell
-    environment; and supplemented with override values from given "key=value" strings.
-
-    :param values_file: Path to the file supplying values to render the template.
-    :param keq_eq_val_pairs: "key=value" strings to supplement values-file values.
-    :returns: The collected values.
-    """
-    if values_file:
-        if values_format is None:
-            values_format = get_file_type(values_file)
-        values_class = format_to_config(values_format)
-        values = values_class(values_file).data
-        logging.debug("Read initial values from %s", values_file)
-    else:
-        values = dict(os.environ)  # Do not modify os.environ: Make a copy.
-        logging.debug("Initial values taken from environment")
-    if overrides:
-        values.update(overrides)
-        logging.debug("Updated values with overrides: %s", " ".join(overrides))
-    return values
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/tools.py b/src/uwtools/config/tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7921cb6b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+"""
+Tools for working with configs.
+"""
+
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional, Union
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.support import depth, format_to_config, log_and_error
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWError
+from uwtools.logging import MSGWIDTH, log
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, get_file_format
+
+# Public functions
+
+
+def compare_configs(
+    config_1_path: DefinitePath,
+    config_2_path: DefinitePath,
+    config_1_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    config_2_format: Optional[str] = None,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    NB: This docstring is dynamically replaced: See compare_configs.__doc__ definition below.
+    """
+    config_1_format = _ensure_format("1st config file", config_1_format, config_1_path)
+    config_2_format = _ensure_format("2nd config file", config_2_format, config_2_path)
+    if config_1_format != config_2_format:
+        log.error("Formats do not match: %s vs %s", config_1_format, config_2_format)
+        return False
+    cfg_1: Config = format_to_config(config_1_format)(config_1_path)
+    cfg_2: Config = format_to_config(config_2_format)(config_2_path)
+    log.info("- %s", config_1_path)
+    log.info("+ %s", config_2_path)
+    log.info("-" * MSGWIDTH)
+    return cfg_1.compare_config(cfg_2.data)
+
+
+def config_check_depths_dump(config_obj: Union[Config, dict], target_format: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check that the depth does not exceed the target format's max.
+
+    :param config_obj: The reference config dictionary.
+    :param target_format: The target format.
+    :raises: UWConfigError on excessive config object dictionary depth.
+    """
+    # Define a function with the conditions of an invalid depth.
+    bad_depth = lambda need, have: need and have > need
+    _validate_depth(config_obj, target_format, "dump", bad_depth)
+
+
+def config_check_depths_realize(config_obj: Union[Config, dict], target_format: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check that the depth does not exceed the target format's max.
+
+    :param config_obj: The reference config object.
+    :param target_format: The target format.
+    """
+    # Define a function with the conditions of an invalid depth.
+    bad_depth = lambda need, have: need and have != need
+    _validate_depth(config_obj, target_format, "realize", bad_depth)
+
+
+def config_check_depths_update(config_obj: Union[Config, dict], target_format: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Check that the depth does not exceed the target format's max.
+
+    :param config_obj: The reference config object.
+    :param target_format: The target format.
+    """
+    # Define a function with the conditions of an invalid depth.
+    bad_depth = lambda need, have: need and have > need
+    _validate_depth(config_obj, target_format, "update", bad_depth)
+
+
+def realize_config(
+    input_config: Union[Config, OptionalPath] = None,
+    input_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    output_file: OptionalPath = None,
+    output_format: Optional[str] = None,
+    supplemental_configs: Optional[List[Union[dict, Config, DefinitePath]]] = None,
+    values_needed: bool = False,
+    dry_run: bool = False,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    NB: This docstring is dynamically replaced: See realize_config.__doc__ definition below.
+    """
+    input_format = _ensure_format("input", input_format, input_config)
+    output_format = _ensure_format("output", output_format, output_file)
+    _validate_format_output(input_format, output_format)
+    input_obj: Config = (
+        input_config
+        if isinstance(input_config, Config)
+        else format_to_config(input_format)(config=input_config)
+    )
+    if supplemental_configs:
+        input_obj = _realize_config_update(input_obj, input_format, supplemental_configs)
+    input_obj.dereference()
+    config_check_depths_realize(input_obj, output_format)
+    if dry_run:
+        for line in str(input_obj).strip().split("\n"):
+            log.info(line)
+        return {}
+    if values_needed:
+        _realize_config_values_needed(input_obj)
+        return {}
+    output_obj = format_to_config(output_format)
+    output_obj.dump_dict(cfg=input_obj.data, path=output_file)
+    return input_obj.data
+
+
+# Private functions
+
+
+def _ensure_format(
+    desc: str, fmt: Optional[str] = None, config: Union[Config, OptionalPath] = None
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the given format, or the appropriate format as deduced from the config.
+
+    :param desc: A description of the file.
+    :param fmt: The config format name.
+    :param config: The input config.
+    :return: The specified or deduced format.
+    :raises: UWError if the format cannot be determined.
+    """
+    if isinstance(config, Config):
+        return FORMAT.yaml
+    if fmt is None:
+        if config is not None:
+            fmt = get_file_format(config)
+        else:
+            raise UWError(f"Either {desc} file format or name must be specified")
+    return fmt
+
+
+def _print_config_section(config: dict, key_path: List[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Descends into the config via the given keys, then prints the contents of the located subtree as
+    key=value pairs, one per line.
+    """
+    keys = []
+    current_path = "<unknown>"
+    for section in key_path:
+        keys.append(section)
+        current_path = " -> ".join(keys)
+        try:
+            subconfig = config[section]
+        except KeyError as e:
+            raise log_and_error(f"Bad config path: {current_path}") from e
+        if not isinstance(subconfig, dict):
+            raise log_and_error(f"Value at {current_path} must be a dictionary")
+        config = subconfig
+    output_lines = []
+    for key, value in config.items():
+        if type(value) not in (bool, float, int, str):
+            raise log_and_error(f"Non-scalar value {value} found at {current_path}")
+        output_lines.append(f"{key}={value}")
+    print("\n".join(sorted(output_lines)))
+
+
+def _realize_config_update(
+    config_obj: Config,
+    config_fmt: str,
+    supplemental_configs: Optional[List[Union[dict, Config, DefinitePath]]] = None,
+) -> Config:
+    """
+    Update config with values from other configs, if given.
+
+    :param config_obj: The config to update.
+    :param config_fmt: Format of config's source.
+    :param supplemental_configs: Sources of values to modify input.
+    :return: The input config, possibly updated.
+    """
+    if supplemental_configs:
+        log.debug("Before update, config has depth %s", config_obj.depth)
+        supplemental_obj: Config
+        for idx, supplemental_config in enumerate(supplemental_configs):
+            _validate_format_supplemental(config_fmt, supplemental_config, idx)
+            if isinstance(supplemental_config, dict):
+                supplemental_obj = YAMLConfig(config=supplemental_config)
+            elif isinstance(supplemental_config, Config):
+                supplemental_obj = supplemental_config
+            else:
+                supplemental_format = get_file_format(supplemental_config)
+                supplemental_obj = format_to_config(supplemental_format)(config=supplemental_config)
+            log.debug("Supplemental config has depth %s", supplemental_obj.depth)
+            config_check_depths_update(supplemental_obj, config_obj.get_format())
+            config_obj.update_values(supplemental_obj)
+            log.debug("After update, config has depth %s", config_obj.depth)
+    else:
+        log.debug("Input config has depth %s", config_obj.depth)
+    return config_obj
+
+
+def _realize_config_values_needed(input_obj: Config) -> bool:
+    """
+    Print a report characterizing input values as complete, empty, or template placeholders.
+
+    :param input_obj: The config to update.
+    :return: True
+    """
+    complete, empty, template = input_obj.characterize_values(input_obj.data, parent="")
+    if complete:
+        log.info("Keys that are complete:")
+        for var in complete:
+            log.info(var)
+    else:
+        log.info("No keys are complete.")
+    log.info("")
+    if template:
+        log.info("Keys with unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions:")
+        for var in template:
+            log.info(var)
+    else:
+        log.info("No keys have unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions.")
+    log.info("")
+    if empty:
+        log.info("Keys that are set to empty:")
+        for var in empty:
+            log.info(var)
+    else:
+        log.info("No keys are set to empty.")
+    return True
+
+
+def _validate_depth(
+    config_obj: Union[Config, dict], target_format: str, action: str, bad_depth: Callable
+) -> None:
+    """
+    :param config_obj: The reference config object.
+    :param target_format: The target format.
+    :param action: The action being performed.
+    :param bad_depth: A function that returns True if the depth is bad.
+    :raises: UWConfigError on excessive config object depth.
+    """
+    target_class = format_to_config(target_format)
+    config = config_obj.data if isinstance(config_obj, Config) else config_obj
+    if bad_depth(target_class.get_depth_threshold(), depth(config)):
+        raise log_and_error(
+            "Cannot %s depth-%s config to type-'%s' config" % (action, depth(config), target_format)
+        )
+
+
+def _validate_format_output(input_fmt: str, output_fmt: str) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure output format agrees with input.
+
+    :param input_fmt: Input format.
+    :param output_fmt: Output format.
+    :raises: UWError if output format is incompatible.
+    """
+    if not input_fmt in (FORMAT.yaml, output_fmt):
+        raise UWError("Output format %s must match input format %s" % (output_fmt, input_fmt))
+
+
+def _validate_format_supplemental(
+    config_fmt: str, supplemental_cfg: Union[dict, Config, DefinitePath], idx: int
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure supplemental config format agrees with base config format.
+
+    :param config_fmt: Base config format.
+    :param supplemental_cfg: Supplemental config to check.
+    :param idx: Index of supplemental config for identification purposes.
+    :raises: UWError if supplemental config format is incompatible.
+    """
+    pre = f"Supplemental config #{idx + 1}"
+    if isinstance(supplemental_cfg, dict):
+        log.debug("%s is a dict: Cannot validate its format vs %s", pre, config_fmt)
+        return
+    sc_fmt = (
+        supplemental_cfg.get_format()
+        if isinstance(supplemental_cfg, Config)
+        else _ensure_format(desc=pre, config=supplemental_cfg)
+    )
+    if sc_fmt != config_fmt:
+        raise UWError("%s format %s must match input format %s" % (pre, sc_fmt, config_fmt))
+
+
+# Import-time code
+
+# pylint: disable=duplicate-code
+
+# The following statements dynamically interpolate values into functions' docstrings, which will not
+# work if the docstrings are inlined in the functions. They must remain separate statements to avoid
+# hardcoding values into them.
+
+compare_configs.__doc__ = """
+Compare two config files.
+
+Recognized file extensions are: {extensions}
+
+:param config_1_path: Path to 1st config file
+:param config_2_path: Path to 2nd config file
+:param config_1_format: Format of 1st config file (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:param config_2_format: Format of 2nd config file (optional if file's extension is recognized)
+:return: ``False`` if config files had differences, otherwise ``True``
+""".format(
+    extensions=", ".join(FORMAT.extensions())
+).strip()
+
+
+realize_config.__doc__ = """
+Realize an output config based on an input config and optional values-providing configs.
+
+Recognized file extensions are: {extensions}
+
+:param input_config: Input config source (None => read stdin).
+:param input_format: Format of the input config.
+:param output_file: Output config destination (None => write to stdout).
+:param output_format: Format of the output config.
+:param supplemental_configs: Sources of values used to modify input.
+:param values_needed: Report complete, missing, and template values.
+:param dry_run: Log output instead of writing to output.
+:return: The realized config (or an empty-dict for no-op modes).
+""".format(
+    extensions=", ".join(FORMAT.extensions())
+).strip()
diff --git a/src/uwtools/config/validator.py b/src/uwtools/config/validator.py
index 3a3920f16..12ddc2b6e 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/config/validator.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/config/validator.py
@@ -3,51 +3,42 @@
 """
 
 import json
-import logging
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Optional
+from typing import List, Union
 
 import jsonschema
 
-from uwtools.config.core import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.logging import log
 from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
 
 # Public functions
 
 
 def validate_yaml(
-    schema_file: DefinitePath, config_file: OptionalPath = None, check_paths: Optional[bool] = True
+    schema_file: DefinitePath, config: Union[dict, YAMLConfig, OptionalPath] = None
 ) -> bool:
     """
-    Check whether the given config file conforms to the given JSON Schema spec and whether any
-    filesystem paths it identifies do not exist.
+    Check whether the given config conforms to the given JSON Schema spec.
 
     :param schema_file: The JSON Schema file to use for validation.
-    :param config_file: The YAML file to validate (stdin will be used by default)
-    :param check_paths: Check for filesystem paths that do not exist
+    :param config: The config to validate.
     :return: Did the YAML file conform to the schema?
     """
-    # Load the config and schema.
-    yaml_config = YAMLConfig(config_file)
-    yaml_config.dereference_all()
     with open(schema_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         schema = json.load(f)
+    cfgobj = _prep_config(config)
     # Collect and report on schema-validation errors.
-    errors = _validation_errors(yaml_config.data, schema)
-    log_method = logging.error if errors else logging.info
-    log_method("%s schema-validation error%s found", len(errors), "" if len(errors) == 1 else "s")
+    errors = _validation_errors(cfgobj.data, schema)
+    log_method = log.error if errors else log.info
+    log_method(
+        "%s UW schema-validation error%s found", len(errors), "" if len(errors) == 1 else "s"
+    )
     for error in errors:
         for line in str(error).split("\n"):
-            logging.error(line)
+            log.error(line)
     # It's pointless to evaluate an invalid config, so return now if that's the case.
     if errors:
         return False
-    # Collect and report bad paths found in config.
-    if check_paths:
-        if bad_paths := _bad_paths(yaml_config.data, schema):
-            for bad_path in bad_paths:
-                logging.error("Path does not exist: %s", bad_path)
-            return False
     # If no issues were detected, report success.
     return True
 
@@ -55,27 +46,21 @@ def validate_yaml(
 # Private functions
 
 
-def _bad_paths(config: dict, schema: dict) -> List[str]:
+def _prep_config(config: Union[dict, YAMLConfig, OptionalPath]) -> YAMLConfig:
     """
-    Identify non-existent config paths.
+    Ensure a dereferenced YAMLConfig object for various input types.
 
-    The schema has the same shape as the config, so traverse them together, recursively, checking
-    values identified by the schema as having "uri" format, which denotes a path.
+    :param config: The config to validate.
+    :return: A dereferenced YAMLConfig object based on the input config.
     """
-    paths = []
-    for key, val in config.items():
-        subschema = schema.get("properties", {}).get(key, {})
-        if isinstance(val, dict):
-            paths += _bad_paths(val, subschema)
-        else:
-            if subschema.get("format") == "uri" and not Path(val).exists():
-                paths.append(val)
-    return sorted(paths)
+    cfgobj = config if isinstance(config, YAMLConfig) else YAMLConfig(config)
+    cfgobj.dereference()
+    return cfgobj
 
 
-def _validation_errors(config: dict, schema: dict) -> List[str]:
+def _validation_errors(config: Union[dict, list], schema: dict) -> List[str]:
     """
     Identify schema-validation errors.
     """
-    validator = jsonschema.Draft7Validator(schema)
+    validator = jsonschema.Draft202012Validator(schema)
     return list(validator.iter_errors(config))
diff --git a/src/uwtools/drivers/driver.py b/src/uwtools/drivers/driver.py
index 0497ee400..347f19daf 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/drivers/driver.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/drivers/driver.py
@@ -2,13 +2,20 @@
 Provides an abstract class representing drivers for various NWP tools.
 """
 
+import os
+import shutil
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from collections.abc import Mapping
-from typing import Optional
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, Dict, Type, Union
 
 from uwtools.config import validator
-from uwtools.config.core import YAMLConfig
-from uwtools.scheduler import BatchScript
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.scheduler import BatchScript, JobScheduler
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
 
 
 class Driver(ABC):
@@ -18,9 +25,9 @@ class Driver(ABC):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        config_file: str,
+        config_file: DefinitePath,
         dry_run: bool = False,
-        batch_script: Optional[str] = None,
+        batch_script: OptionalPath = None,
     ):
         """
         Initialize the driver.
@@ -30,14 +37,18 @@ def __init__(
         self._dry_run = dry_run
         self._batch_script = batch_script
         self._validate()
-        self._config = YAMLConfig(config_file=config_file)
+        self._experiment_config = YAMLConfig(config=config_file)
+        self._platform_config = self._experiment_config.get("platform", {})
+        self._config: Dict[str, Any] = {}
 
     # Public methods
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def batch_script(self, platform_resources: Mapping) -> BatchScript:
+    def batch_script(self) -> BatchScript:
         """
         Create a script for submission to the batch scheduler.
+
+        :return: The batch script object with all run commands needed for executing the program.
         """
 
     @abstractmethod
@@ -53,37 +64,118 @@ def requirements(self) -> None:
         """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def resources(self, platform: dict) -> Mapping:
+    def resources(self) -> Mapping:
         """
         Parses the config and returns a formatted dictionary for the batch script.
         """
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def run(self) -> bool:
+    def run(self, cycle: datetime) -> bool:
         """
         Run the NWP tool.
+
+        :param cycle: The time stamp of the cycle to run.
+        :return: Did the driver exit with success status?
         """
 
-    @abstractmethod
-    def run_cmd(self, *args, run_cmd: str, exec_name: str) -> str:
+    def run_cmd(self) -> str:
         """
         The command-line command to run the NWP tool.
+
+        :return: Collated string that contains MPI command, runtime arguments, and exec name.
+        """
+        components = [
+            self._platform_config.get("mpicmd"),  # MPI run program
+            *[str(x) for x in self._config["runtime_info"].get("mpi_args", [])],  # MPI arguments
+            self._config["executable"],  # NWP tool executable name
+        ]
+        return " ".join(filter(None, components))
+
+    @property
+    def scheduler(self) -> JobScheduler:
         """
+        The job scheduler specified by the platform information.
+
+        :return: The scheduler object
+        """
+        return JobScheduler.get_scheduler(self.resources())
 
     @property
     @abstractmethod
-    def schema_file(self) -> str:
+    def schema_file(self) -> Path:
         """
         The path to the file containing the schema to validate the config file against.
         """
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def stage_files(
+        run_directory: Path,
+        files_to_stage: Dict[str, Union[list, str]],
+        link_files: bool = False,
+        dry_run: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Creates destination files in run directory and copies or links contents from the source path
+        provided. Source paths could be provided as a single path or a list of paths to be staged in
+        a common directory.
+
+        :param run_directory: Path of desired run directory.
+        :param files_to_stage: File names in the run directory (keys) and their source paths
+            (values).
+        :param link_files: Whether to link or copy the files.
+        """
+        link_or_copy = os.symlink if link_files else shutil.copyfile
+        for dst_rel_path, src_path_or_paths in files_to_stage.items():
+            dst_path = run_directory / dst_rel_path
+            if isinstance(src_path_or_paths, list):
+                Driver.stage_files(
+                    dst_path,
+                    {os.path.basename(src): src for src in src_path_or_paths},
+                    link_files,
+                )
+            else:
+                if dry_run:
+                    msg = f"File {src_path_or_paths} would be staged as {dst_path}"
+                    log.info(msg)
+                else:
+                    msg = f"File {src_path_or_paths} staged as {dst_path}"
+                    log.info(msg)
+                    link_or_copy(src_path_or_paths, dst_path)  # type: ignore
+
     # Private methods
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_user_updated_config(
+        config_class: Type[Config], config_values: dict, output_path: OptionalPath
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        The standard procedure for updating a file of a configuration class type with user-provided
+        values.
+
+        :param config_class: The Config subclass matching the configure file type.
+        :param config_values: The in-memory configuration object to update base values with.
+        :param output_path: Optional path to dump file to.
+        """
+
+        # User-supplied values that override any settings in the base
+        # file.
+        user_values = config_values.get("update_values", {})
+
+        if base_file := config_values.get("base_file"):
+            config_obj = config_class(base_file)
+            config_obj.update_values(user_values)
+            config_obj.dereference()
+            config_obj.dump(output_path)
+        else:
+            config_class.dump_dict(cfg=user_values, path=output_path)
+
+        msg = f"Configure file {output_path} created"
+        log.info(msg)
+
     def _validate(self) -> bool:
         """
         Validate the user-supplied config file.
+
+        :return: Was the input configuration file valid against its schema?
         """
-        return validator.validate_yaml(
-            config_file=self._config_file,
-            schema_file=self.schema_file,
-        )
+        return validator.validate_yaml(config=self._config_file, schema_file=self.schema_file)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/drivers/facade.py b/src/uwtools/drivers/facade.py
index 1c57f80aa..b7b18eb79 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/drivers/facade.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/drivers/facade.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 moving files around.
 
 See UW documentation for more information:
-https://github.com/ufs-community/workflow-tools/wiki/
+https://github.com/ufs-community/uwtools/wiki/
   Implementation-of-a-Service-Oriented-Architecture-Fa%C3%A7ade
 """
 
diff --git a/src/uwtools/drivers/forecast.py b/src/uwtools/drivers/forecast.py
index 47221f69e..3de4111d5 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/drivers/forecast.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/drivers/forecast.py
@@ -2,21 +2,20 @@
 Drivers for forecast models.
 """
 
-
-import logging
-import os
-import shutil
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Mapping
-from functools import cached_property
-from importlib import resources
+from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
 
-from uwtools.config.core import FieldTableConfig, NMLConfig, realize_config
+from uwtools.config.formats.fieldtable import FieldTableConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.nml import NMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
 from uwtools.drivers.driver import Driver
-from uwtools.scheduler import BatchScript, JobScheduler
-from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, handle_existing
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.scheduler import BatchScript
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, ExistAct, OptionalPath
+from uwtools.utils.file import handle_existing, resource_pathobj, validate_existing_action
 from uwtools.utils.processing import execute
 
 
@@ -25,242 +24,272 @@ class FV3Forecast(Driver):
     A driver for the FV3 forecast model.
     """
 
-    # Properties
-    @cached_property
-    def job_scheduler(self) -> str:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        config_file: DefinitePath,
+        dry_run: bool = False,
+        batch_script: OptionalPath = None,
+    ):
         """
-        Get the name of the job scheduler.
-
-        Currently hard-coded pending additional methods
+        Initialize the Forecast Driver.
         """
-        return "slurm"
+
+        super().__init__(config_file=config_file, dry_run=dry_run, batch_script=batch_script)
+        self._config = self._experiment_config["forecast"]
 
     # Public methods
 
-    def batch_script(self, platform_resources: Mapping) -> BatchScript:
+    def batch_script(self) -> BatchScript:
         """
-        Write to disk, for submission to the batch scheduler, a script to run FV3.
+        Prepare batch script contents for interaction with system scheduler.
+
+        :return: The batch script object with all run commands needed for executing the program.
         """
-        return JobScheduler.get_scheduler(platform_resources).batch_script
+        pre_run = self._mpi_env_variables("\n")
+        batch_script = self.scheduler.batch_script
+        batch_script.append(pre_run)
+        batch_script.append(self.run_cmd())
+        return batch_script
 
     @staticmethod
-    def create_directory_structure(run_directory, exist_act="delete"):
+    def create_directory_structure(
+        run_directory: DefinitePath, exist_act: str = ExistAct.delete, dry_run: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Collects the name of the desired run directory, and has an optional flag for what to do if
         the run directory specified already exists. Creates the run directory and adds
         subdirectories INPUT and RESTART. Verifies creation of all directories.
 
-        Args:
-           run_directory: path of desired run directory
-           exist_act: - could be any of 'delete', 'rename', 'quit'
-                      - how program should act if run directory exists
-                      - default is to delete old run directory
-           Returns: None
+        :param run_directory: Path of desired run directory.
+        :param exist_act: Action when run directory exists: "delete" (default), "quit", or "rename"
         """
 
-        # Caller should only provide correct argument.
+        validate_existing_action(
+            exist_act, valid_actions=[ExistAct.delete, ExistAct.quit, ExistAct.rename]
+        )
 
-        if exist_act not in ["delete", "rename", "quit"]:
-            raise ValueError(f"Bad argument: {exist_act}")
+        run_directory = Path(run_directory)
 
-        # Exit program with error if caller chooses to quit.
+        # Exit program with error if caller specified the "quit" action.
 
-        if exist_act == "quit" and os.path.isdir(run_directory):
-            logging.critical("User chose quit option when creating directory")
+        if exist_act == ExistAct.quit and run_directory.is_dir():
+            log.critical(f"Option {exist_act} specified, exiting")
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        # Delete or rename directory if it exists.
+        # Handle a potentially pre-existing directory appropriately.
 
-        handle_existing(run_directory, exist_act)
+        if dry_run and run_directory.is_dir():
+            log.info(f"Would {exist_act} directory")
+        else:
+            handle_existing(run_directory, exist_act)
 
         # Create new run directory with two required subdirectories.
 
         for subdir in ("INPUT", "RESTART"):
-            path = os.path.join(run_directory, subdir)
-            logging.info("Creating directory: %s", path)
-            os.makedirs(path)
+            path = run_directory / subdir
+            if dry_run:
+                log.info("Would create directory: %s", path)
+            else:
+                log.info("Creating directory: %s", path)
+                path.mkdir(parents=True)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def create_field_table(update_obj: dict, outfldtab_file, base_file=None):
-        """
-        Uses an object with user supplied values and an optional base file to create an output field
-        table file. Will "dereference" the base file.
-
-        Args:
-            update_obj: in-memory dictionary initialized by object.
-                        values override any settings in base file
-            outfldtab_file: location of output field table
-            base_file: optional path to file to use as a base file
-        """
-        if base_file:
-            config_obj = FieldTableConfig(base_file)
-            config_obj.update_values(update_obj)
-            config_obj.dereference_all()
-            config_obj.dump(outfldtab_file)
-        else:
-            # Dump update object to a Field Table file:
-            FieldTableConfig.dump_dict(path=outfldtab_file, cfg=update_obj)
+    def create_field_table(self, output_path: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Uses the forecast config object to create a Field Table.
 
-        msg = f"Namelist file {outfldtab_file} created"
-        logging.info(msg)
+        :param output_path: Optional location of output field table.
+        """
+        self._create_user_updated_config(
+            config_class=FieldTableConfig,
+            config_values=self._config.get("field_table", {}),
+            output_path=output_path,
+        )
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def create_namelist(update_obj, outnml_file, base_file=None):
+    def create_model_configure(self, output_path: OptionalPath) -> None:
         """
-        Uses an object with user supplied values and an optional namelist base file to create an
-        output namelist file. Will "dereference" the base file.
+        Uses the forecast config object to create a model_configure.
 
-        Args:
-            update_obj: in-memory dictionary initialized by object.
-                        values override any settings in base file
-            outnml_file: location of output namelist
-            base_file: optional path to file to use as a base file
+        :param output_path: Optional location of the output model_configure file.
         """
+        self._create_user_updated_config(
+            config_class=YAMLConfig,
+            config_values=self._config.get("model_configure", {}),
+            output_path=output_path,
+        )
 
-        if base_file:
-            config_obj = NMLConfig(base_file)
-            config_obj.update_values(update_obj)
-            config_obj.dereference_all()
-            config_obj.dump(outnml_file)
-        else:
-            update_obj.dump(outnml_file)
+    def create_namelist(self, output_path: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Uses an object with user supplied values and an optional namelist base file to create an
+        output namelist file. Will "dereference" the base file.
 
-        msg = f"Namelist file {outnml_file} created"
-        logging.info(msg)
+        :param output_path: Optional location of output namelist.
+        """
+        self._create_user_updated_config(
+            config_class=NMLConfig,
+            config_values=self._config.get("namelist", {}),
+            output_path=output_path,
+        )
 
     def output(self) -> None:
         """
         ???
         """
 
+    def prepare_directories(self) -> Path:
+        """
+        Prepares the run directory and stages static and cycle-dependent files.
+
+        :return: Path to the run directory.
+        """
+        run_directory = Path(self._config["run_dir"])
+        self.create_directory_structure(run_directory, ExistAct.delete, dry_run=self._dry_run)
+        self._prepare_config_files(run_directory)
+        self._config["cycle_dependent"].update(self._define_boundary_files())
+        for file_category in ["static", "cycle_dependent"]:
+            self.stage_files(
+                run_directory, self._config[file_category], link_files=True, dry_run=self._dry_run
+            )
+        return run_directory
+
     def requirements(self) -> None:
         """
         ???
         """
 
-    def resources(self, platform: dict) -> Mapping:
+    def resources(self) -> Mapping:
         """
-        Parses the config and returns a formatted dictionary for the batch script.
+        Parses the experiment configuration to provide the information needed for the batch script.
+
+        :return: A formatted dictionary needed to create a batch script
         """
-        # Add required fields to platform.
-        # Currently supporting only slurm scheduler.
+
         return {
-            "account": platform["account"],
-            "nodes": 1,
-            "queue": "batch",
-            "scheduler": self.job_scheduler,
-            "tasks_per_node": 1,
-            "walltime": "00:01:00",
+            "account": self._experiment_config["user"]["account"],
+            "scheduler": self._experiment_config["platform"]["scheduler"],
+            **self._config["jobinfo"],
         }
 
-    def run(self) -> bool:
+    def run(self, cycle: datetime) -> bool:
         """
         Runs FV3 either locally or via a batch-script submission.
 
-        :return: Did the FV3 run exit with success status?
-        """
-        # Read in the config file.
-        forecast_config = self._config["forecast"]
-        platform_config = self._config["platform"]
-
-        # Prepare directories.
-        run_directory = forecast_config["RUN_DIRECTORY"]
-        self.create_directory_structure(run_directory, "delete")
-
-        static_files = forecast_config["STATIC"]
-        self.stage_files(run_directory, static_files, link_files=True)
-        cycledep_files = forecast_config["CYCLEDEP"]
-        self.stage_files(run_directory, cycledep_files, link_files=True)
-
-        # Create the job script.
-        platform_resources = self.resources(platform_config)
-        batch_script = self.batch_script(platform_resources)
-        args = "--export=None"
-        run_command = self.run_cmd(
-            args,
-            run_cmd=platform_config["MPICMD"],
-            exec_name=forecast_config["EXEC_NAME"],
+        :param cycle: The forecast cycle to run.
+        :return: Did the batch submission or FV3 run exit with success status?
+        """
+        status, output = (
+            self._run_via_batch_submission()
+            if self._batch_script
+            else self._run_via_local_execution()
         )
-        batch_script.append(run_command)
-
         if self._dry_run:
-            # Apply switch to allow user to view the run command of config.
-            # This will not run the job.
-            logging.info("Batch Script:")
-            logging.info(batch_script)
-            return True
-
-        # Run the job.
-        if self._batch_script is not None:
-            outpath = Path(run_directory) / self._batch_script
-            with open(outpath, "w+", encoding="utf-8") as file_:
-                print(batch_script, file=file_)
-                batch_command = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(platform_resources).submit_command
-            result = execute(cmd=f"{batch_command} {outpath}")
-        else:
-            result = execute(cmd=run_command)
-        return result.success
+            for line in output:
+                log.info(line)
+        return status
 
-    def run_cmd(self, *args, run_cmd: str, exec_name: str) -> str:
+    @property
+    def schema_file(self) -> Path:
         """
-        Constructs the command to run FV3.
+        The path to the file containing the schema to validate the config file against.
         """
-        args_str = " ".join(str(arg) for arg in args)
-        return f"{run_cmd} {args_str} {exec_name}"
+        return resource_pathobj("FV3Forecast.jsonschema")
 
-    @property
-    def schema_file(self) -> str:
+    # Private methods
+
+    def _boundary_hours(self, lbcs_config: Dict) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
         """
-        The path to the file containing the schema to validate the config file against.
+        Prepares parameters to generate the lateral boundary condition (LBCS) forecast hours from an
+        external input data source, e.g. GFS, RAP, etc.
+
+        :return: The offset hours between the cycle and the external input data, the hours between
+            LBC ingest, and the last hour of the external input data forecast
         """
-        with resources.as_file(resources.files("uwtools.resources")) as path:
-            return (path / "FV3Forecast.jsonschema").as_posix()
+        offset = abs(lbcs_config["offset"])
+        end_hour = self._config["length"] + offset + 1
+        return offset, lbcs_config["interval_hours"], end_hour
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def stage_files(
-        run_directory: str, files_to_stage: Dict[str, str], link_files: bool = False
-    ) -> None:
+    def _define_boundary_files(self) -> Dict[str, str]:
         """
-        Takes in run directory and dictionary of file names and paths that need to be staged in the
-        run directory.
+        Maps the prepared boundary conditions to the appropriate hours for the forecast.
 
-        Creates dst file in run directory and copies or links contents from the src path provided.
+        :return: A dict of boundary file names mapped to source input file paths
+        """
+        boundary_files = {}
+        lbcs_config = self._experiment_config["preprocessing"]["lateral_boundary_conditions"]
+        boundary_file_path = lbcs_config["output_file_path"]
+        offset, interval, endhour = self._boundary_hours(lbcs_config)
+        tiles = [7] if self._config["domain"] == "global" else range(1, 7)
+        for tile in tiles:
+            for boundary_hour in range(offset, endhour, interval):
+                forecast_hour = boundary_hour - offset
+                link_name = f"INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile{tile}.{forecast_hour:03d}.nc"
+                boundary_file_path = boundary_file_path.format(
+                    tile=tile,
+                    forecast_hour=boundary_hour,
+                )
+                boundary_files[link_name] = boundary_file_path
+
+        return boundary_files
+
+    def _mpi_env_variables(self, delimiter: str = " ") -> str:
         """
+        Set the environment variables needed for the MPI job.
 
-        os.makedirs(run_directory, exist_ok=True)
-        for dst_fn, src_path in files_to_stage.items():
-            dst_path = os.path.join(run_directory, dst_fn)
-            if link_files:
-                os.symlink(src_path, dst_path)
-            else:
-                shutil.copyfile(src_path, dst_path)
-            msg = f"File {src_path} staged in run directory at {dst_fn}"
-            logging.info(msg)
+        :return: A bash string of environment variables
+        """
+        envvars = {
+            "KMP_AFFINITY": "scatter",
+            "OMP_NUM_THREADS": self._config["runtime_info"].get("threads", 1),
+            "OMP_STACKSIZE": "512m",
+            "MPI_TYPE_DEPTH": 20,
+            "ESMF_RUNTIME_COMPLIANCECHECK": "OFF:depth=4",
+        }
+        return delimiter.join([f"{k}={v}" for k, v in envvars.items()])
 
-    # Private methods
+    def _prepare_config_files(self, run_directory: Path) -> None:
+        """
+        Collect all the configuration files needed for FV3.
+        """
+        if self._dry_run:
+            for call in ("field_table", "model_configure", "input.nml"):
+                log.info(f"Would prepare: {run_directory}/{call}")
+        else:
+            self.create_field_table(run_directory / "field_table")
+            self.create_model_configure(run_directory / "model_configure")
+            self.create_namelist(run_directory / "input.nml")
 
-    def _create_model_config(self, base_file: str, outconfig_file: str) -> None:
-        """
-        Collects all the user inputs required to create a model config file, calling the existing
-        model config tools. This will be unique to the app being run and will appropriately parse
-        subsequent stages of the workflow. Defaults will be filled in if not provided by the user.
-        Equivalent references to config_default.yaml or config.community.yaml from SRW will need to
-        be made for the other apps.
-
-        Args:
-            base_file: Path to base config file
-            outconfig_file: Path to output configuration file
-        """
-        realize_config(
-            input_file=base_file,
-            input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-            output_file=outconfig_file,
-            output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-            values_file=self._config_file,
-            values_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        )
-        msg = f"Config file {outconfig_file} created"
-        logging.info(msg)
+    def _run_via_batch_submission(self) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
+        """
+        Prepares and submits a batch script.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the success status of submitting the job to the batch system,
+            and a list of strings that make up the batch script.
+        """
+        run_directory = self.prepare_directories()
+        batch_script = self.batch_script()
+        batch_lines = ["Batch script:", *str(batch_script).split("\n")]
+        if self._dry_run:
+            return True, batch_lines
+        assert self._batch_script is not None
+        outpath = run_directory / self._batch_script
+        batch_script.dump(outpath)
+        return self.scheduler.submit_job(outpath), batch_lines
+
+    def _run_via_local_execution(self) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
+        """
+        Collects the necessary MPI environment variables in order to construct full run command,
+        then executes said command.
+
+        :return: A tuple containing a boolean of the success status of the FV3 run and a list of
+            strings that make up the full command line.
+        """
+        run_directory = self.prepare_directories()
+        pre_run = self._mpi_env_variables(" ")
+        full_cmd = f"{pre_run} {self.run_cmd()}"
+        command_lines = ["Command:", *full_cmd.split("\n")]
+        if self._dry_run:
+            return True, command_lines
+        success, _ = execute(cmd=full_cmd, cwd=run_directory, log_output=True)
+        return success, command_lines
 
 
 CLASSES = {"FV3": FV3Forecast}
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/files/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d3fd70487..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-from .interface import FileManager, S3FileManager, UnixFileManager
-from .model import S3, File, Prefixes, Unix
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/gateway/s3.py b/src/uwtools/files/gateway/s3.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 73ed85055..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/gateway/s3.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Gateway for interacting with S3.
-"""
-
-import logging
-import os
-import pathlib
-from typing import Optional
-
-import boto3
-from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
-
-S3_CLIENT = boto3.client("s3")
-
-
-def download_file(bucket_name: str, source_name: str, target_name: str) -> None:
-    """
-    Download files from S3.
-    """
-    S3_CLIENT.download_file(bucket_name, source_name, target_name)
-
-
-def exists(_path: pathlib.Path) -> bool:
-    """
-    Returns True if file exists.
-    """
-    try:
-        S3_CLIENT.head_object(Bucket=_path.parts[0], Key="/".join(_path.parts[1:]))
-    except ClientError:
-        return False
-    return True
-
-
-def upload_file(source_path: str, bucket: str, target_name: Optional[str] = None) -> bool:
-    """
-    Upload a file to an S3 bucket.
-    """
-
-    # If S3 object_name was not specified, use file name.
-
-    if target_name is None:
-        target_name = os.path.basename(source_path)
-
-    # Upload the file.
-
-    try:
-        S3_CLIENT.upload_file(source_path, bucket, target_name)
-    except ClientError as error:
-        logging.error(error)
-        return False
-    return True
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/gateway/unix.py b/src/uwtools/files/gateway/unix.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 703277407..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/gateway/unix.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-"""
-Unix-based, threaded, local file copying.
-"""
-
-import logging
-import shutil
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, wait
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import List, Tuple
-
-from uwtools.files.model import File
-
-
-class Copier:
-    """
-    A threaded file copier.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, srcs: List[File], dsts: List[Path]) -> None:
-        self.pairs: List[Tuple[Path, Path]] = list(zip([Path(x.path) for x in srcs], dsts))
-
-    def run(self) -> None:
-        """
-        Copy each src->dst pair in a thread.
-        """
-        executor = ThreadPoolExecutor()
-        futures = [executor.submit(_copy, src, dst) for src, dst in self.pairs]
-        wait(futures)
-
-
-def copy(srcs: List[File], dsts: List[Path]) -> None:
-    """
-    Copies each source item to corresponding destination item.
-    """
-    Copier(srcs, dsts).run()
-
-
-def _copy(src: Path, dst: Path) -> None:
-    """
-    Copies file or directory from source to destination.
-
-    Directories are copied recursively.
-    """
-    logging.debug("Copying %s to %s", src, dst)
-    if src.is_file():
-        shutil.copy(src, dst)
-    else:
-        if dst.is_dir():
-            shutil.rmtree(dst)
-        shutil.copytree(src, dst)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/interface/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/files/interface/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3889bfe69..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/interface/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from .file_manager import *
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/interface/file_manager.py b/src/uwtools/files/interface/file_manager.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dabc37104..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/interface/file_manager.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-import os
-import pathlib
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import List
-
-from uwtools.files.gateway import s3, unix
-from uwtools.files.model import S3, File, Prefixes
-
-
-class FileManager(ABC):
-    """
-    Represents file operations in an environment.
-    """
-
-    @abstractmethod  # pragma: no cover
-    def copy(self, source: List[File], destination: List):
-        """
-        Copies source to destination.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_file_manager(_type: Prefixes):
-        """
-        Returns a file manager with source and destination.
-        """
-        _map = {
-            Prefixes.UNIX: UnixFileManager,
-            Prefixes.S3: S3FileManager,
-        }
-        return _map[_type]()
-
-
-class S3FileManager(FileManager):
-    """
-    S3 based file operations.
-    """
-
-    def copy(self, source: List[File], destination: List[S3]):
-        """
-        Copies source to destination.
-        """
-        for src, dest in zip(source, destination):
-            s3.upload_file(src.path, "bucket_name_here", os.path.basename(dest.path))
-
-
-class UnixFileManager(FileManager):
-    """
-    UNIX based file operations.
-    """
-
-    def copy(self, source: List[File], destination: List[str]):
-        unix.copy(list(source), [pathlib.Path(x) for x in list(destination)])
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/model/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/files/model/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6dbc21905..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/model/__init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from .file import *
diff --git a/src/uwtools/files/model/file.py b/src/uwtools/files/model/file.py
deleted file mode 100644
index de61450ad..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/files/model/file.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from enum import Enum
-from glob import glob
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, List
-
-
-class Prefixes(Enum):
-    """
-    Supported URI file prefixes.
-    """
-
-    S3 = "s3://"
-    UNIX = "file://"
-
-
-class File(ABC):
-    """
-    Represents a file.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, uri: str):
-        self._uri = uri
-        if not isinstance(self._uri, str):
-            raise TypeError("Argument 'uri' must be type str but is type %s" % type(self._uri))
-        if not self._uri.startswith(self.uri_prefix):
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Path %s does not start with expected URI prefix %s" % (self._uri, self.uri_prefix)
-            )
-        if not self.exists:
-            raise FileNotFoundError("File not found: %s" % self._uri)
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return self._uri
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return f"<{self.__class__.__name__} {self._uri}/>"
-
-    @property
-    def path(self) -> str:
-        """
-        Returns the file path without a prefix.
-        """
-        return self._uri.split("://", maxsplit=1)[1]
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod  # pragma: no cover
-    def dir(self) -> List[Any]:
-        """
-        Returns the contents of the directory recursively.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod  # pragma: no cover
-    def exists(self) -> bool:
-        """
-        Returns true if the file exists.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-    @property
-    @abstractmethod  # pragma: no cover
-    def uri_prefix(self) -> str:
-        """
-        The URI prefix for this file type.
-        """
-        raise NotImplementedError()
-
-
-class S3(File):
-    """
-    Represents an AWS S3 file.
-    """
-
-    @property
-    def dir(self) -> List[Any]:
-        """
-        Returns the contents of the directory recursively.
-        """
-        return []
-
-    @property
-    def exists(self) -> bool:
-        """
-        Returns true if the file exists.
-        """
-        return True
-
-    @property
-    def uri_prefix(self) -> str:
-        """
-        The URI prefix for this file type.
-        """
-        return Prefixes.S3.value
-
-
-class Unix(File):
-    """
-    Represents a Unix file.
-    """
-
-    @property
-    def dir(self) -> List[Any]:
-        """
-        Returns the contents of the directory recursively.
-        """
-        if Path(self.path).is_file():
-            return glob(self.path)
-        return glob(str(Path(self.path) / "*"))
-
-    @property
-    def exists(self) -> bool:
-        """
-        Returns true if the file exists.
-        """
-        return Path(self.path).exists()
-
-    @property
-    def uri_prefix(self) -> str:
-        """
-        The URI prefix for this file type.
-        """
-        return Prefixes.UNIX.value
diff --git a/src/uwtools/logging.py b/src/uwtools/logging.py
index 4f976ff51..788bfdf21 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/logging.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/logging.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
+from typing import Any
 
 # The logging prefix
 #
@@ -16,6 +17,27 @@
 MSGWIDTH = 69
 
 
+class _Logger:
+    """
+    Support for swappable loggers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.logger = logging.getLogger()  # default to Python root logger.
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+        """
+        Delegate attribute access to the currently-used logger.
+
+        :param attr: The attribute to access.
+        :returns: The requested attribute.
+        """
+        return getattr(self.logger, attr)
+
+
+log = _Logger()
+
+
 def setup_logging(quiet: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
     """
     Set up logging.
@@ -27,7 +49,7 @@ def setup_logging(quiet: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
     for handler in logger.handlers:
         logger.removeHandler(handler)
     if quiet and verbose:
-        print("Specify at most one of 'quiet' and 'verbose'", file=sys.stderr)
+        print("--quiet may not be used with --debug or --verbose", file=sys.stderr)
         sys.exit(1)
     kwargs: dict = {
         "datefmt": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S",
@@ -36,3 +58,12 @@ def setup_logging(quiet: bool = False, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
         **({"filename": os.devnull} if quiet else {}),
     }
     logging.basicConfig(**kwargs)
+
+
+def use_logger(logger: logging.Logger) -> None:
+    """
+    Log hereafter via the given logger.
+
+    :param logger: The logger to log to.
+    """
+    log.logger = logger
diff --git a/src/uwtools/resources/FV3Forecast.jsonschema b/src/uwtools/resources/FV3Forecast.jsonschema
index 9a26b236a..fac796dec 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/resources/FV3Forecast.jsonschema
+++ b/src/uwtools/resources/FV3Forecast.jsonschema
@@ -1,55 +1,130 @@
 {
-    "title": "FV3 Forecast config",
-    "description": "This document is to validate user-defined FV3 forecast config files",
-    "type": "object",
-    "properties": {
-        "platform": {
-            "description": "Expected resources for the given platform",
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "MPICMD": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": [
-                        "mpirun",
-                        "mpiexec",
-                        "srun"
-                    ]
-                },
-                "ACCOUNT": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                }
-            }
+  "$defs": {
+    "updatable_config": {
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "properties": {
+          "base_file": {
+            "format": "uri",
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "update_values": {
+            "type": "object"
+          }
         },
+        "required": [
+          "base_file"
+        ],
+        "type": "object"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "description": "This document is to validate user-defined FV3 forecast config files",
+  "properties": {
     "forecast": {
-            "description": "parameters of the forecast",
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "MODEL": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                },
-                "EXEC_NAME": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                },
-                "RUN_DIRECTORY": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "CYCLEDEP": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "STATIC": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "VERBOSE": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": [
-                        "true",
-                        "false"
-                    ]
-                }
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "description": "parameters of the forecast",
+      "properties": {
+        "cycle_dependent|static": {
+          "propertyNames": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "diag_table": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "domain": {
+          "enum": [
+            "global",
+            "regional"
+          ],
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "executable": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "fd_ufs": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/updatable_config"
+        },
+        "field_table": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/updatable_config"
+        },
+        "length": {
+          "minimum": 1,
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        "model_configure": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/updatable_config"
+        },
+        "mpicmd": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "namelist": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/updatable_config"
+        },
+        "run_dir": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "ufs_configure": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "platform": {
+      "properties": {
+        "required": [
+          "mpicmd"
+        ],
+        "scheduler": {
+          "enum": [
+            "lsf",
+            "pbs",
+            "slurm"
+          ],
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "preprocessing": {
+      "properties": {
+        "lateral_boundary_conditions": {
+          "properties": {
+            "interval_hours": {
+              "default": 3,
+              "minimum": 1,
+              "type": "number"
+            },
+            "offset": {
+              "default": 0,
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "type": "number"
+            },
+            "output_file_path": {
+              "format": "uri",
+              "type": "string"
             }
-        }    
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "user": {
+      "properties": {
+        "account": {
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+  },
+  "title": "FV3 Forecast config",
+  "type": "object"
+}
diff --git a/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jinja2 b/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jinja2
deleted file mode 100644
index f6e30313c..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jinja2
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-{%- macro dependency_tree(dep_dict) %}
-{%- if dep_dict is mapping %}
-  {%- for tag, values in dep_dict.items() %}
-    {%- set tag_type = tag.split("_")[0] %}
-    {%- if values is mapping %}
-      <{{ tag_type -}} {% for attr, val in values.pop("attrs", {}).items() %} {{ attr }}="{{ val }}"{%- endfor -%}{%- if tag_type in ["taskdep", "metataskdep", "taskvalid"] %}/{%- endif %}>
-      {%- if values.get("text") %}
-        {{ values.pop("text") }}
-      </{{ tag_type }}>
-      {%- elif values %}
-      {{- dependency_tree(values)|indent(2) }}
-      </{{ tag_type }}>
-      {%- endif %}
-    {%- else %}
-      <{{ tag_type|indent(2) -}}>
-        {{- values -}}
-      </{{ tag_type|indent(2) }}>
-    {%- endif %}
-  {%- endfor %}
-{%- endif %}
-{%- endmacro -%}
-
-{%- macro task(name, settings) %}
-  <task name="{{name}}" {% for attr, val in settings.get("attrs", {}).items() %}{{ attr }}="{{ val }}" {% endfor %}>
-
-    {%- for key, value in settings.items() -%}
-    {%- if key not in ["envars", "attrs", "dependency", "nnodes", "ppn"] %}
-    <{{ key }}>{{ value }}</{{ key }}>
-    {%- endif %}
-    {%- endfor %}
-
-    {% for var, value in settings.get("envars", {}).items() %}
-    <envar><name>{{ var }}</name><value>{{ value }}</value></envar>
-    {%- endfor %}
-
-    {% if settings.get("dependency") -%}
-    <dependency>
-    {{- dependency_tree(dep_dict=settings.get("dependency")) }}
-    </dependency>
-    {%- endif %}
-  </task>
-{%- endmacro -%}
-
-{%- macro metatask(name, settings) %}
-  <metatask name="{{name}}" {% for attr, val in settings.get("attrs", {}).items() %}{{ attr }}="{{ val }}" {% endfor %}>
-    {% for varname, value in settings.get("var", {}).items() %}
-    <var name="{{ varname }}">{{ value }}</var>
-    {%- endfor %}
-    {%- for item, task_settings in settings.items() %}
-      {%- if item.split("_", 1)[0] == "task" %}
-      {%- if task_settings.get("command") %}
-      {{ task(name=item.split("_", 1)[-1], settings=task_settings)|indent(2) }}
-      {%- endif %}
-      {%- elif item.split("_", 1)[0] == "metatask" %}
-      {{ metatask(name=item.split("_", 1)[-1], settings=task_settings)|indent(2) }}
-      {%- endif %}
-    {%- endfor %}
-  </metatask>
-
-{%- endmacro -%}
-
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE workflow [
-
-{%- for entity, value in entities.items() %}
-  <!ENTITY {{ entity }} "{{ value }}">
-{%- endfor %}
-
-]>
-<workflow {% for attr, val in attrs.items() %}{{ attr }}="{{ val }}" {% endfor %}>
-
-  {%- for group, cdefs in cycledefs.items() %}
-    {%- for cdef in cdefs %}
-  <cycledef group="{{ group }}">{{ cdef }}</cycledef>
-    {%- endfor %}
-  {%- endfor %}
-
-  <log>{{ log }}</log>
-
-{%- for item, settings in tasks.items() %}
-  {%- if item.split("_", 1)[0] == "task" %}
-  {{ task(name=item.split("_", 1)[-1], settings=settings ) }}
-  {%- elif item.split("_", 1)[0] == "metatask" %}
-  {{ metatask(name=item.split("_", 1)[-1], settings=settings ) }}
-  {%- endif %}
-{%- endfor %}
-
-</workflow>
diff --git a/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jsonschema b/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jsonschema
index b23e9bdbc..fded4633c 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jsonschema
+++ b/src/uwtools/resources/rocoto.jsonschema
@@ -1,251 +1,576 @@
 {
   "$defs": {
-    "datePattern": {
-        "type": "integer",
-        "format": "string",
-        "pattern": "^(\\d{12}) (\\d{12})$"
-    },
-    "dateTimePattern": {
-        "type": "string",
-        "pattern": "^(\\d{12}) (\\d{12}) (\\d{2}):(\\d{2}):(\\d{2})$"
+    "compoundTimeString": {
+      "anyOf": [
+        {
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "cyclestr": {
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "properties": {
+                "attrs": {
+                  "additionalProperties": false,
+                  "properties": {
+                    "offset": {
+                      "$ref": "#/$defs/time"
+                    }
+                  },
+                  "type": "object"
+                },
+                "value": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "required": [
+                "value"
+              ],
+              "type": "object"
+            }
+          },
+          "required": [
+            "cyclestr"
+          ],
+          "type": "object"
+        }
+      ]
     },
-    "metatask": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "properties": {
-        "var": {
-          "$ref": "#/$defs/var"
+    "dependency": {
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "minProperties": 1,
+      "patternProperties": {
+        "^(and|or|not|nand|nor|xor)(_.*)?$": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/dependency"
+        },
+        "^(streq|strneq)(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "left": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
+            },
+            "right": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
+            }
+          },
+          "required": [
+            "left",
+            "right"
+          ],
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^cycleexistdep(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "cycle_offset": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/time"
+            }
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^datadep(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "attrs": {
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "properties": {
+                "age": {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/nonNegativeTime"
+                },
+                "minsize": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "value": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
+            }
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^metataskdep(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "attrs": {
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "properties": {
+                "cycle_offset": {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/time"
+                },
+                "metatask": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "state": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "SUCCEEDED",
+                    "DEAD",
+                    "Succeeded",
+                    "Dead",
+                    "succeeded",
+                    "dead"
+                  ],
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "threshold": {
+                  "maximum": 1,
+                  "minimum": 0,
+                  "type": "number"
+                }
+              },
+              "required": [
+                "metatask"
+              ],
+              "type": "object"
+            }
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^sh(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "attrs": {
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "properties": {
+                "runopt": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "shell": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "command": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
+            }
+          },
+          "required": [
+            "command"
+          ],
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^some(_.*)?$": {
+          "patternProperties": {
+            "^threshold(_.*)?$": {
+              "maximum": 1,
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "type": "number"
+            }
+          },
+          "properties": {
+            "$ref": "#/$defs/dependency"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        },
+        "^taskdep(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "attrs": {
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "properties": {
+                "cycle_offset": {
+                  "$ref": "#/$defs/time"
+                },
+                "state": {
+                  "enum": [
+                    "RUNNING",
+                    "Running",
+                    "running",
+                    "SUCCEEDED",
+                    "DEAD",
+                    "Succeeded",
+                    "Dead",
+                    "succeeded",
+                    "dead"
+                  ],
+                  "type": "string"
+                },
+                "task": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "required": [
+                "task"
+              ],
+              "type": "object"
+            }
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^taskvalid(_.*)?$": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "attrs": {
+              "additionalProperties": false,
+              "properties": {
+                "task": {
+                  "type": "string"
+                }
+              },
+              "required": [
+                "task"
+              ],
+              "type": "object"
+            },
+            "required": [
+              "attrs"
+            ],
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "^timedep(_.*)?$": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         }
       },
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "metatask": {
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "maxProperties": 4,
+      "minProperties": 2,
       "patternProperties": {
-        "^task(_[a-z0-9_]+)?$": {
+        "^metatask_.+$": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/metatask"
+        },
+        "^task_.+$": {
           "$ref": "#/$defs/task"
+        }
+      },
+      "properties": {
+        "attrs": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "properties": {
+            "mode": {
+              "enum": [
+                "parallel",
+                "serial"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "throttle": {
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "type": "integer"
+            }
+          }
         },
-        "^metatask(_[a-z0-9_]+)?$": {
-          "$ref": "#/$defs/metatask"
+        "var": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/var"
         }
       },
-      "additionalProperties": false,
       "required": [
         "var"
       ],
-      "minProperties": 2,
-      "maxProperties": 3
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "nonNegativeTime": {
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "minimum": 0,
+          "type": "integer"
+        },
+        {
+          "pattern": "^([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "pattern": "^([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        {
+          "pattern": "^([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      ]
     },
     "task": {
-      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "dependentSchemas": {
+        "exclusive": {
+          "not": {
+            "required": [
+              "shared"
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "join": {
+          "not": {
+            "required": [
+              "stdout"
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "shared": {
+          "not": {
+            "required": [
+              "exclusive"
+            ]
+          }
+        },
+        "stderr": {
+          "required": [
+            "stdout"
+          ]
+        },
+        "stdout": {
+          "not": {
+            "required": [
+              "join"
+            ]
+          },
+          "required": [
+            "stderr"
+          ]
+        }
+      },
+      "oneOf": [
+        {
+          "required": [
+            "cores"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "required": [
+            "native"
+          ]
+        },
+        {
+          "required": [
+            "nodes"
+          ]
+        }
+      ],
       "properties": {
         "account": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "attrs": {
-            "cycledefs": {
-                "type": "string"
-            },
-            "final": {
-                "type": "boolean"
-            },
-            "maxtries": {
-                "type": "string",
-                "format": "number",
-                "minimum": 0
-            },
-            "throttle": {
-                "type": "integer",
-                "minimum": 0
-            }
+          "cycledefs": {
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "final": {
+            "type": "boolean"
+          },
+          "maxtries": {
+            "format": "number",
+            "minimum": 0,
+            "type": "string"
+          },
+          "throttle": {
+            "minimum": 0,
+            "type": "integer"
+          }
         },
         "command": {
-          "type": "string"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
         "cores": {
-          "type": "integer",
-          "minimum": 0
+          "minimum": 0,
+          "type": "integer"
         },
         "deadline": {
-            "$ref": "#/$defs/datePattern"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
-        "envar": {
-            "type": "object"
+        "dependency": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/dependency"
+        },
+        "envars": {
+          "type": "object"
         },
         "exclusive": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "jobname": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
         "join": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
         "memory": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "native": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
         "nodes": {
           "type": "string"
         },
         "partition": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "queue": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "rewind": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "shared": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "type": "string"
         },
         "stderr": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
         "stdout": {
-            "type": "string"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
         "walltime": {
-          "$ref": "#/$defs/timestr"
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/nonNegativeTime"
         }
       },
-      "additionalProperties": false,
       "required": [
         "command",
         "walltime"
       ],
-      "anyOf": [
-        {
-            "not": {
-                "required": ["exclusive"]
-            }
-        },
-        {
-            "not": {
-                "required": ["shared"]
-            }
-        }
-      ],
-      "anyOf":[
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "time": {
+      "oneOf": [
         {
-            "not": {
-                "required": ["join"]
-            }
+          "type": "integer"
         },
         {
-            "not": {
-                "required": ["stdout"]
-            }
-        }
-      ],
-      "oneOf": [
-        {
-            "required": ["cores"]
+          "pattern": "^-?([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+          "type": "string"
         },
         {
-            "required": ["native"]
+          "pattern": "^-?([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+          "type": "string"
         },
         {
-            "required": ["nodes"]
+          "pattern": "^-?([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+          "type": "string"
         }
-      ],
-      "dependencies": {
-        "stdout": ["stderr"],
-        "stderr": ["stdout"]
-      }
-    },
-    "timestr": {
-      "type": "string",
-      "pattern": "^[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$"
+      ]
     },
     "var": {
-      "type": "object",
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "minProperties": 1,
       "patternProperties": {
         "^.+$": {
           "type": "string"
         }
       },
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "minProperties": 1
+      "type": "object"
     }
   },
-  "type": "object",
   "properties": {
-        "workflow": {
-            "type": "object",
+    "workflow": {
+      "additionalProperties": false,
+      "properties": {
+        "attrs": {
+          "properties": {
+            "cyclethrottle": {
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "type": "integer"
+            },
+            "realtime": {
+              "type": "boolean"
+            },
+            "scheduler": {
+              "enum": [
+                "sge",
+                "lsf",
+                "lsfcray",
+                "ll",
+                "torque",
+                "moabtorque",
+                "moab",
+                "pbspro",
+                "slurm",
+                "cobalt"
+              ],
+              "type": "string"
+            },
+            "taskthrottle": {
+              "minimum": 0,
+              "type": "integer"
+            }
+          },
+          "required": [
+            "realtime",
+            "scheduler"
+          ],
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "cycledef": {
+          "items": {
+            "additionalProperties": false,
             "properties": {
-                "attrs": {
-                    "type": "object",
-                    "properties": {
-                        "cyclethrottle": {
-                            "type": "integer",
-                            "minimum": 0
-                        },
-                        "realtime": {
-                            "type": "boolean"
-                        },
-                        "scheduler": {
-                            "type": "string",
-                            "enum": [
-                                "sge",
-                                "lsf",
-                                "lsfcray",
-                                "ll",
-                                "torque",
-                                "moabtorque",
-                                "moab",
-                                "pbspro",
-                                "slurm",
-                                "cobalt"
-                            ]
-                        },
-                        "taskthrottle": {
-                            "type": "integer",
-                            "minimum": 0
-                        }
-                    },
-                    "required": ["realtime", "scheduler"]
-                },
-                "cycledefs": {
-                    "type": "object",
-                    "properties": {
-                        "groupname": {
-                            "type": "array",
-                            "items": {
-                                "$ref": "#/$defs/dateTimePattern"
-                            } 
-                        },
-                        "required": ["items"]
-                    }
-                },
-                "entities": {
-                    "type": "object"
-                },
-                "log": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "tasks": {
-                    "type": "object",
-                    "patternProperties": {
-                        "^metatask(_[a-z0-9_]+)?$": {
-                        "$ref": "#/$defs/metatask"
-                        },
-                        "^task(_[a-z0-9_]+)?$": {
-                        "$ref": "#/$defs/task"
-                        }
-                    },
-                    "additionalProperties": false,
-                    "minProperties": 1
-                    }
-                },
+              "attrs": {
                 "additionalProperties": false,
-                "required": [
-                    "cycledefs",
-                    "log",
-                    "tasks"
+                "properties": {
+                  "activation_offset": {
+                    "$ref": "#/$defs/time"
+                  },
+                  "group": {
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
+                },
+                "type": "object"
+              },
+              "spec": {
+                "oneOf": [
+                  {
+                    "pattern": "^[0-9]{12} [0-9]{12} ([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "pattern": "^[0-9]{12} [0-9]{12} ([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "pattern": "^[0-9]{12} [0-9]{12} ([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+                    "type": "string"
+                  },
+                  {
+                    "pattern": "^[0-9]{12} [0-9]{12} ([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+:([0-9]+|(#[^# ]+#))+$",
+                    "type": "string"
+                  }
                 ]
-            }
+              }
+            },
+            "required": [
+              "spec"
+            ],
+            "type": "object"
+          },
+          "type": "array"
+        },
+        "entities": {
+          "type": "object"
+        },
+        "log": {
+          "$ref": "#/$defs/compoundTimeString"
         },
-    "required": [
-        "workflow"
-    ]
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+        "tasks": {
+          "additionalProperties": false,
+          "minProperties": 1,
+          "patternProperties": {
+            "^metatask_.+$": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/metatask"
+            },
+            "^task_.+$": {
+              "$ref": "#/$defs/task"
+            }
+          },
+          "type": "object"
+        }
+      },
+      "required": [
+        "cycledef",
+        "log",
+        "tasks"
+      ],
+      "type": "object"
+    }
+  },
+  "required": [
+    "workflow"
+  ],
+  "type": "object"
+}
diff --git a/src/uwtools/resources/schema_with_metatasks.rng b/src/uwtools/resources/schema_with_metatasks.rng
index e0b3aba01..cb022ba0d 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/resources/schema_with_metatasks.rng
+++ b/src/uwtools/resources/schema_with_metatasks.rng
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
-<!-- Copied from the Rocoto repository at release version 1.3.5.-->
-<grammar xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0" datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes">
-                                                                      
+<!-- Copied from the Rocoto repository at release version 1.3.5 and formatted with tidy. -->
+<grammar datatypeLibrary="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes"
+         xmlns="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0">
   <start>
-
     <element name="workflow">
-
       <!-- Realtime workflow attribute is required-->
       <attribute name="realtime">
         <choice>
@@ -20,7 +18,6 @@
           <value>TRUE</value>
         </choice>
       </attribute>
-
       <!-- scheduler workflow attribute is required and must be one of the values listed -->
       <attribute name="scheduler">
         <choice>
@@ -36,368 +33,376 @@
           <value>cobalt</value>
         </choice>
       </attribute>
-
       <!-- cyclethrottle workflow attribute is optional and must be a non negative integer -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="cyclethrottle">
-          <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
+          <data type="nonNegativeInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- taskthrottle workflow attribute is optional and must be a non negative integer -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="taskthrottle">
-          <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
+          <data type="nonNegativeInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- corethrottle workflow attribute is optional and must be a non negative integer -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="corethrottle">
-          <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
+          <data type="nonNegativeInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- duthrottle workflow attribute is optional and must be a non negative integer -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="duthrottle">
-          <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
+          <data type="nonNegativeInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- cyclelifespan workflow attribute is optional and must be a nonNegativeTime defined below-->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="cyclelifespan">
-          <ref name="nonNegativeTime"/>
+          <ref name="nonNegativeTime" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Order of log, cycle, task, and metatask tags does not matter -->
       <interleave>
-
         <!-- Must have exactly one log tag -->
         <element name="log">
           <optional>
             <attribute name="verbosity">
-              <data type="nonNegativeInteger"/>
+              <data type="nonNegativeInteger" />
             </attribute>
           </optional>
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
         </element>
-
         <!-- Must have at least one cycledef tag -->
         <oneOrMore>
           <element name="cycledef">
             <!-- group attribute is optional and must be a string -->
             <optional>
               <attribute name="group">
-                <data type="string"/>
+                <data type="string" />
               </attribute>
             </optional>
             <optional>
               <attribute name="activation_offset">
-                <ref name="time"/>
+                <ref name="time" />
               </attribute>
             </optional>
             <choice>
               <list>
-                <ref name="cronField"/>
-                <ref name="cronField"/>
-                <ref name="cronField"/>
-                <ref name="cronField"/>
-                <ref name="cronField"/>
-                <ref name="cronField"/>
+                <ref name="cronField" />
+                <ref name="cronField" />
+                <ref name="cronField" />
+                <ref name="cronField" />
+                <ref name="cronField" />
+                <ref name="cronField" />
               </list>
               <list>
-                <ref name="YYYYMMDDHHMM"/>
-                <ref name="YYYYMMDDHHMM"/>
-                <ref name="nonNegativeTime"/>
+                <ref name="YYYYMMDDHHMM" />
+                <ref name="YYYYMMDDHHMM" />
+                <ref name="nonNegativeTime" />
               </list>
               <list>
-                <ref name="YYYYMMDDHHMM"/>
-                <ref name="nonNegativeTime"/>
-                <ref name="nonNegativeTime"/>
+                <ref name="YYYYMMDDHHMM" />
+                <ref name="nonNegativeTime" />
+                <ref name="nonNegativeTime" />
               </list>
             </choice>
           </element>
         </oneOrMore>
-
         <!-- Must have at least one task or metatask tag.  Task tags must follow log and cycle tags -->
         <oneOrMore>
           <choice>
-            <ref name="task"/>
-            <ref name="metatask"/>
+            <ref name="task" />
+            <ref name="metatask" />
           </choice>
         </oneOrMore>
-
       </interleave>
-
-    </element>  
-
+    </element>
   </start>
-
   <!-- Type definitions -->
-
   <define name="rb_or_sh">
     <choice>
       <element name="rb">
         <optional>
           <attribute name="name">
-            <data type="string"/>
+            <data type="string" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
-        <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+        <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
       </element>
-
       <element name="sh">
         <optional>
           <attribute name="name">
-            <data type="string"/>
+            <data type="string" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="shell">
-            <data type="string"/>
+            <data type="string" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="runopt">
-            <data type="string"/>
+            <data type="string" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
-        <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+        <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
       </element>
     </choice>
   </define>
-
   <define name="nonNegativeTime">
     <choice>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
     </choice>
   </define>
-
   <define name="time">
     <choice>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param></data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\s*-?(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+:(\d+|(#[^#\s]+#))+\s*</param>
+      </data>
     </choice>
   </define>
-
-
   <define name="YYYYMMDDHHMM">
-    <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\s*\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\s*</param></data>
+    <data type="string">
+      <param name="pattern">\s*\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\d\s*</param>
+    </data>
   </define>
-
   <define name="cronField">
     <choice>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\*</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">\*/\d+</param></data>
-      <data type="string"><param name="pattern">(\d+|\d+-\d+|\d+-\d+/\d+)(,\d+|,\d+-\d+|,\d+-\d+/\d+)*</param></data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\*</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">\*/\d+</param>
+      </data>
+      <data type="string">
+        <param name="pattern">(\d+|\d+-\d+|\d+-\d+/\d+)(,\d+|,\d+-\d+|,\d+-\d+/\d+)*</param>
+      </data>
     </choice>
   </define>
-
   <define name="compoundTimeString">
     <oneOrMore>
       <choice>
-        <text/>
-        <element name="cyclestr"><optional><attribute name="offset"><ref name="time"/></attribute></optional><text/></element>
+        <text />
+        <element name="cyclestr">
+          <optional>
+            <attribute name="offset">
+              <ref name="time" />
+            </attribute>
+          </optional>
+          <text />
+        </element>
       </choice>
     </oneOrMore>
   </define>
-
   <define name="nameValuePair">
     <interleave>
       <element name="name">
-        <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+        <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
       </element>
       <optional>
         <element name="value">
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
-        </element>                    
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
+        </element>
       </optional>
     </interleave>
   </define>
-
   <define name="dependency_tree">
     <choice>
       <element name="taskdep">
         <attribute name="task">
-          <data type="string"/>          
+          <data type="string" />
         </attribute>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="cycle_offset">
-            <ref name="time"/>
+            <ref name="time" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="state">
             <choice>
-	      <value>RUNNING</value>
-	      <value>Running</value>
-	      <value>running</value>
-	      <value>SUCCEEDED</value>
+              <value>RUNNING</value>
+              <value>Running</value>
+              <value>running</value>
+              <value>SUCCEEDED</value>
               <value>DEAD</value>
-	      <value>Succeeded</value>
+              <value>Succeeded</value>
               <value>Dead</value>
-	      <value>succeeded</value>
+              <value>succeeded</value>
               <value>dead</value>
             </choice>
           </attribute>
         </optional>
-        <empty/>
+        <empty />
       </element>
-      <ref name="rb_or_sh"/>
+      <ref name="rb_or_sh" />
       <element name="true">
-        <empty/>
+        <empty />
       </element>
       <element name="false">
-        <empty/>
+        <empty />
       </element>
       <element name="streq">
         <element name="left">
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
         </element>
         <element name="right">
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
         </element>
       </element>
       <element name="strneq">
         <element name="left">
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
         </element>
         <element name="right">
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
         </element>
       </element>
       <element name="cycleexistdep">
         <attribute name="cycle_offset">
-          <ref name="time"/>
+          <ref name="time" />
         </attribute>
-        <empty/>
+        <empty />
       </element>
       <element name="taskvalid">
         <attribute name="task">
-          <data type="string"/>
+          <data type="string" />
         </attribute>
-        <empty/>
+        <empty />
       </element>
       <element name="metataskdep">
         <attribute name="metatask">
-          <data type="string"/>          
+          <data type="string" />
         </attribute>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="cycle_offset">
-            <ref name="time"/>
+            <ref name="time" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="state">
             <choice>
-	      <value>SUCCEEDED</value>
+              <value>SUCCEEDED</value>
               <value>DEAD</value>
-	      <value>Succeeded</value>
+              <value>Succeeded</value>
               <value>Dead</value>
-	      <value>succeeded</value>
+              <value>succeeded</value>
               <value>dead</value>
             </choice>
           </attribute>
         </optional>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="threshold">
-            <data type="float"><param name="minInclusive">0.0</param><param name="maxInclusive">1.0</param></data>
+            <data type="float">
+              <param name="minInclusive">0.0</param>
+              <param name="maxInclusive">1.0</param>
+            </data>
           </attribute>
         </optional>
-        <empty/>
+        <empty />
       </element>
       <element name="datadep">
         <optional>
           <attribute name="age">
-            <ref name="nonNegativeTime"/>
+            <ref name="nonNegativeTime" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
         <optional>
           <attribute name="minsize">
-            <data type="string"/>
+            <data type="string" />
           </attribute>
         </optional>
-        <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+        <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
       </element>
       <element name="timedep">
-        <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+        <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
       </element>
       <element name="not">
-        <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+        <ref name="dependency_tree" />
       </element>
       <element name="and">
         <oneOrMore>
-          <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+          <ref name="dependency_tree" />
         </oneOrMore>
       </element>
       <element name="or">
         <oneOrMore>
-          <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+          <ref name="dependency_tree" />
         </oneOrMore>
       </element>
       <element name="nor">
         <oneOrMore>
-          <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+          <ref name="dependency_tree" />
         </oneOrMore>
       </element>
       <element name="xor">
         <oneOrMore>
-          <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+          <ref name="dependency_tree" />
         </oneOrMore>
       </element>
       <element name="nand">
         <oneOrMore>
-          <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+          <ref name="dependency_tree" />
         </oneOrMore>
       </element>
       <element name="some">
         <attribute name="threshold">
-            <data type="float"><param name="minInclusive">0.0</param><param name="maxInclusive">1.0</param></data>
+          <data type="float">
+            <param name="minInclusive">0.0</param>
+            <param name="maxInclusive">1.0</param>
+          </data>
         </attribute>
         <oneOrMore>
-          <ref name="dependency_tree"/>
+          <ref name="dependency_tree" />
         </oneOrMore>
       </element>
     </choice>
   </define>
-
   <define name="task">
     <element name="task">
-
       <!-- Exactly one task name attribute -->
       <attribute name="name">
-        <data type="string"/>          
+        <data type="string" />
       </attribute>
-
       <!-- Optional task maxtries attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="maxtries">
-          <data type="positiveInteger"/>          
+          <data type="positiveInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Optional task throttle attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="throttle">
-          <data type="positiveInteger"/>          
+          <data type="positiveInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Optional task cycledefs attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="cycledefs">
-          <data type="string"/>          
+          <data type="string" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Optional task final attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="final">
@@ -412,89 +417,77 @@
             <value>true</value>
             <value>True</value>
             <value>TRUE</value>
- 	  </choice>
+          </choice>
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Order of task property tags does not matter -->
       <interleave>
-
-	<!-- Optional shared or exclusive tag -->
-	<optional>
+        <!-- Optional shared or exclusive tag -->
+        <optional>
           <choice>
             <element name="shared">
-	      <data type="string"/>
-	    </element>
+              <data type="string" />
+            </element>
             <element name="exclusive">
-	      <data type="string"/>
-	    </element>
-	  </choice>
-	</optional>
-
+              <data type="string" />
+            </element>
+          </choice>
+        </optional>
         <!-- Rewind tag is optional -->
         <optional>
           <element name="rewind">
             <oneOrMore>
-              <ref name="rb_or_sh"/>
+              <ref name="rb_or_sh" />
             </oneOrMore>
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Exactly one command tag -->
         <element name="command">
-          <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+          <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
         </element>
-
         <!-- Zero or one account tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="account">
-            <data type="string"/>          
+            <data type="string" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one queue tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="queue">
-            <data type="string"/>          
+            <data type="string" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one partition tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="partition">
-            <data type="string"/>
+            <data type="string" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Either one cores tag or one nodes tag is required-->
         <choice>
-	    <element name="cores">
-	      <data type="positiveInteger"/>
-	    </element>
-	    <element name="nodes">
-	      <data type="string"/>
-	    </element>
-	</choice>
-
+          <element name="cores">
+            <data type="positiveInteger" />
+          </element>
+          <element name="nodes">
+            <data type="string" />
+          </element>
+        </choice>
         <!-- Zero or more native tags -->
-	<zeroOrMore>
-	  <element name="native">
-	    <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
-	  </element>
-	</zeroOrMore>
-
+        <zeroOrMore>
+          <element name="native">
+            <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
+          </element>
+        </zeroOrMore>
         <!-- One walltime tag -->
         <element name="walltime">
-          <ref name="nonNegativeTime"/>
+          <ref name="nonNegativeTime" />
         </element>
-
         <!-- Zero or one memory tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="memory">
-            <data type="string"/>          
+            <data type="string" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one join, stdout, stderr tags -->
         <!-- NOTE: join tag cannot be combined with either stdout or stderr tags -->
         <optional>
@@ -503,121 +496,102 @@
               <interleave>
                 <optional>
                   <element name="stdout">
-                    <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+                    <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
                   </element>
                 </optional>
                 <optional>
                   <element name="stderr">
-                    <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+                    <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
                   </element>
                 </optional>
               </interleave>
             </optional>
             <element name="join">
-              <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+              <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
             </element>
           </choice>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one jobname tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="jobname">
-            <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+            <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Optional nodesize tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="nodesize">
-            <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+            <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or more envar tags -->
         <optional>
           <oneOrMore>
             <element name="envar">
-              <ref name="nameValuePair"/>
+              <ref name="nameValuePair" />
             </element>
           </oneOrMore>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one dependency tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="dependency">
-            <ref name="dependency_tree"/>   
+            <ref name="dependency_tree" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one deadline tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="deadline">
-            <ref name="compoundTimeString"/>
+            <ref name="compoundTimeString" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
         <!-- Zero or one hangdependency tag -->
         <optional>
           <element name="hangdependency">
-            <ref name="dependency_tree"/>   
+            <ref name="dependency_tree" />
           </element>
         </optional>
-
       </interleave>
-
     </element>
   </define>
-
-
   <define name="metatask">
     <element name="metatask">
-
       <!-- Optional metatask name attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="name">
-          <data type="string"/>          
+          <data type="string" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Optional metatask mode attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="mode">
-          <data type="string"/>          
+          <data type="string" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Optional metatask throttle attribute -->
       <optional>
         <attribute name="throttle">
-          <data type="positiveInteger"/>
+          <data type="positiveInteger" />
         </attribute>
       </optional>
-
       <!-- Order of metatask contents does not matter -->
       <interleave>
-
-	<!-- Metatasks must have at least one var tag -->
-	<oneOrMore>
-	  <element name="var">
-	    <!-- Each var tag must have the id attribute set -->
-	    <attribute name="name">
-	      <data type="string"/>
-	    </attribute>
-	    <text/>
-	  </element>
-	</oneOrMore>
-
-	<!-- Each metatask must contain at least one metatask or task -->
-	<oneOrMore>
-	  <choice>
-	    <ref name="metatask"/>
-	    <ref name="task"/>
-	  </choice>
-	</oneOrMore>
-
+        <!-- Metatasks must have at least one var tag -->
+        <oneOrMore>
+          <element name="var">
+            <!-- Each var tag must have the id attribute set -->
+            <attribute name="name">
+              <data type="string" />
+            </attribute>
+            <text />
+          </element>
+        </oneOrMore>
+        <!-- Each metatask must contain at least one metatask or task -->
+        <oneOrMore>
+          <choice>
+            <ref name="metatask" />
+            <ref name="task" />
+          </choice>
+        </oneOrMore>
       </interleave>
-
     </element>
   </define>
-
 </grammar>
diff --git a/src/uwtools/resources/workflow.jsonschema b/src/uwtools/resources/workflow.jsonschema
index 917f963f1..012908411 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/resources/workflow.jsonschema
+++ b/src/uwtools/resources/workflow.jsonschema
@@ -1,101 +1,101 @@
 {
-    "title": "workflow config",
-    "description": "This document is to validate config files from SRW, HAFS, Global",
-    "type": "object",
-    "properties": {
-        "platform": {
-            "description": "attributes of the platform",
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "WORKFLOW_MANAGER": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": [
-                        "rocoto",
-                        "none"
-                    ]
-                },
-                "NCORES_PER_NODE": {
-                    "type": "number"
-                },
-                "SCHED": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "enum": [
-                        "slurm",
-                        "pbspro",
-                        "lsf",
-                        "lsfcray",
-                        "none"
-                    ]
-                },
-                "CCPA_OBS_DIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "MRMS_OBS_DIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "NDAS_OBS_DIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "METPLUS_PATH": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "MET_BIN_EXEC": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                },
-                "MET_INSTALL_DIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "DOMAIN_PREGEN_BASEDIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "PARTITION_DEFAULT": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                },
-                "QUEUE_DEFAULT": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                },
-                "PARTITION_FCST": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                },
-                "QUEUE_FCST": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                },
-                "PARTITION_HPSS": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                },
-                "QUEUE_HPSS": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        "cpl_aqm_parm": {
-            "description": "attributes of coupled air quality",
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "AQM_CONFIG_DIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                },
-                "AQM_BIO_DIR": {
-                    "type": "string",
-                    "format": "uri"
-                }
-            }
-        },
-        "task_get_da_obs": {
-            "description": "task for data assimilation",
-            "type": "object",
-            "properties": {
-                "OBS_SUFFIX": {
-                    "type": "string"
-                }
-            }
+  "description": "This document is to validate config files from SRW, HAFS, Global",
+  "properties": {
+    "cpl_aqm_parm": {
+      "description": "attributes of coupled air quality",
+      "properties": {
+        "AQM_BIO_DIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "AQM_CONFIG_DIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "platform": {
+      "description": "attributes of the platform",
+      "properties": {
+        "CCPA_OBS_DIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "DOMAIN_PREGEN_BASEDIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "METPLUS_PATH": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "MET_BIN_EXEC": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "MET_INSTALL_DIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "MRMS_OBS_DIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "NCORES_PER_NODE": {
+          "type": "number"
+        },
+        "NDAS_OBS_DIR": {
+          "format": "uri",
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "PARTITION_DEFAULT": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "PARTITION_FCST": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "PARTITION_HPSS": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "QUEUE_DEFAULT": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "QUEUE_FCST": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "QUEUE_HPSS": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "SCHED": {
+          "enum": [
+            "slurm",
+            "pbspro",
+            "lsf",
+            "lsfcray",
+            "none"
+          ],
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "WORKFLOW_MANAGER": {
+          "enum": [
+            "rocoto",
+            "none"
+          ],
+          "type": "string"
+        }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
+    },
+    "task_get_da_obs": {
+      "description": "task for data assimilation",
+      "properties": {
+        "OBS_SUFFIX": {
+          "type": "string"
         }
+      },
+      "type": "object"
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+  },
+  "title": "workflow config",
+  "type": "object"
+}
diff --git a/src/uwtools/rocoto.py b/src/uwtools/rocoto.py
index 4bf329c4d..822790a3c 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/rocoto.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/rocoto.py
@@ -2,43 +2,461 @@
 Support for creating Rocoto XML workflow documents.
 """
 
-from uwtools.config.core import YAMLConfig
-from uwtools.config.j2template import J2Template
+import re
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from math import log10
+from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
 
-# Private functions
+from lxml import etree
+from lxml.etree import Element, SubElement, _Element
 
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.validator import validate_yaml
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError, UWError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.types import OptionalPath
+from uwtools.utils.file import readable, resource_pathobj, writable
 
-def _add_jobname(tree: dict) -> None:
+
+def realize_rocoto_xml(
+    config: Union[YAMLConfig, OptionalPath], output_file: OptionalPath = None
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Realize the Rocoto workflow defined in the given YAML as XML, validating both the YAML input and
+    XML output.
+
+    :param config: Path to YAML input file (None => read stdin), or YAMLConfig object.
+    :param output_file: Path to write rendered XML file (None => write to stdout).
+    :return: An XML string.
+    """
+    rxml = _RocotoXML(config)
+    xml = str(rxml).strip()
+    if not validate_rocoto_xml_string(xml):
+        raise UWError("Internal error: Invalid Rocoto XML")
+    with writable(output_file) as f:
+        print(xml, file=f)
+    return xml
+
+
+def validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file: OptionalPath) -> bool:
     """
-    Add a "jobname" attribute to each "task" element in the given config tree.
+    Validate purported Rocoto XML file against its schema.
 
-    :param tree: A config tree containing "task" elements..
+    :param xml_file: Path to XML file (None => read stdin).
+    :return: Did the XML conform to the schema?
     """
-    for element, subtree in tree.items():
-        element_parts = element.split("_", maxsplit=1)
-        element_type = element_parts[0]
-        if element_type == "task":
-            # Use the provided attribute if it is present, otherwise use the name in the key.
-            task_name = element_parts[1]
-            tree[element]["jobname"] = subtree.get("attrs", {}).get("name") or task_name
-        elif element_type == "metatask":
-            _add_jobname(subtree)
+    with readable(xml_file) as f:
+        return validate_rocoto_xml_string(xml=f.read())
 
 
-# Public functions
-def write_rocoto_xml(input_yaml: str, input_template: str, rendered_output: str) -> None:
+def validate_rocoto_xml_string(xml: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Validate purported Rocoto XML against its schema.
+
+    :param xml: XML to validate.
+    :return: Did the XML conform to the schema?
     """
-    Main entry point.
+    tree = etree.fromstring(xml.encode("utf-8"))
+    with open(resource_pathobj("schema_with_metatasks.rng"), "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        schema = etree.RelaxNG(etree.parse(f))
+    valid: bool = schema.validate(tree)
+    nerr = len(schema.error_log)
+    log_method = log.info if valid else log.error
+    log_method("%s Rocoto validation error%s found", nerr, "" if nerr == 1 else "s")
+    for err in list(schema.error_log):
+        log.error(err)
+    if not valid:
+        log.error("Invalid Rocoto XML:")
+        lines = xml.strip().split("\n")
+        fmtstr = "%{n}d %s".format(n=int(log10(len(lines))) + 1)
+        for n, line in enumerate(lines):
+            log.error(fmtstr % (n + 1, line))
+    return valid
+
+
+class _RocotoXML:
+    """
+    Generate a Rocoto XML document from a UW YAML config.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, config: Union[dict, YAMLConfig, OptionalPath] = None) -> None:
+        self._config_validate(config)
+        cfgobj = config if isinstance(config, YAMLConfig) else YAMLConfig(config)
+        self._config = cfgobj.data
+        self._add_workflow(self._config)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        # Render the tree to a string, fix mangled entities (e.g. "&amp;FOO;" -> "&FOO;"), insert
+        # !DOCTYPE block, then write final XML.
+        xml = etree.tostring(
+            self._root, pretty_print=True, encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True
+        ).decode()
+        xml = re.sub(r"&amp;([^;]+);", r"&\1;", xml)
+        xml = self._insert_doctype(xml)
+        return xml
+
+    def dump(self, path: OptionalPath = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Emit Rocoto XML document to file or stdout.
+
+        :param path: Path to write XML document to (None => write to stdout).
+        """
+        with writable(path) as f:
+            f.write(str(self).strip())
+
+    def _add_compound_time_string(self, e: _Element, config: Any, tag: str) -> _Element:
+        """
+        Add to the given element a child element possibly containing a <cyclestr>.
+
+        :param e: The element to add the child element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for the child element.
+        :param tag: Name of child element to add.
+        :return: The child element.
+        """
+        e = SubElement(e, tag)
+        if isinstance(config, dict):
+            self._set_attrs(e, config)
+            if subconfig := config.get(STR.cyclestr, {}):
+                cyclestr = SubElement(e, STR.cyclestr)
+                cyclestr.text = subconfig[STR.value]
+                self._set_attrs(cyclestr, subconfig)
+        else:
+            e.text = str(config)
+        return e
+
+    def _add_metatask(self, e: _Element, config: dict, name_attr: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <metatask> element to the <workflow>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        :param name_attr: XML name attribute for element.
+        """
+        e = SubElement(e, STR.metatask, name=name_attr)
+        self._set_attrs(e, config)
+        for key, val in config.items():
+            tag, name = self._tag_name(key)
+            if tag == STR.metatask:
+                self._add_metatask(e, val, name)
+            elif tag == STR.task:
+                self._add_task(e, val, name)
+            elif tag == STR.var:
+                for varname, value in val.items():
+                    SubElement(e, STR.var, name=varname).text = value
+
+    def _add_task(self, e: _Element, config: dict, name_attr: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <task> element to the <workflow>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        :param name_attr: XML name attribute for element.
+        """
+        e = SubElement(e, STR.task, name=name_attr)
+        self._set_attrs(e, config)
+        self._set_and_render_jobname(config, name_attr)
+        for tag in (
+            STR.account,
+            STR.cores,
+            STR.exclusive,
+            STR.memory,
+            STR.nodes,
+            STR.nodesize,
+            STR.partition,
+            STR.queue,
+            STR.rewind,
+            STR.shared,
+            STR.walltime,
+        ):
+            if tag in config:
+                SubElement(e, tag).text = str(config[tag])
+        for tag in (
+            STR.command,
+            STR.deadline,
+            STR.jobname,
+            STR.join,
+            STR.native,
+            STR.stderr,
+            STR.stdout,
+        ):
+            if tag in config:
+                self._add_compound_time_string(e, config[tag], tag)
+        for name, value in config.get(STR.envars, {}).items():
+            self._add_task_envar(e, name, value)
+        if STR.dependency in config:
+            self._add_task_dependency(e, config[STR.dependency])
+
+    def _add_task_dependency(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <dependency> element to the <task>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        e = SubElement(e, STR.dependency)
+        for tag, subconfig in config.items():
+            self._add_task_dependency_child(e, subconfig, tag)
+
+    def _add_task_dependency_child(self, e: _Element, config: dict, tag: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Add an operator/operand element to parent element.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        :param tag: Name of new element to add.
+        """
+        tag, name = self._tag_name(tag)
+        if tag in (STR.and_, STR.nand, STR.nor, STR.not_, STR.or_, STR.xor):
+            e = SubElement(e, tag)
+            for subtag, subconfig in config.items():
+                self._add_task_dependency_child(e, subconfig, subtag)
+        elif tag in (STR.streq, STR.strneq):
+            self._add_task_dependency_strequality(e, config, tag)
+        elif tag == STR.sh:
+            self._add_task_dependency_sh(e, config, name)
+        elif tag == STR.datadep:
+            self._add_task_dependency_datadep(e, config)
+        elif tag == STR.taskdep:
+            self._add_task_dependency_taskdep(e, config)
+        elif tag == STR.taskvalid:
+            self._add_task_dependency_taskvalid(e, config)
+        elif tag == STR.timedep:
+            self._add_task_dependency_timedep(e, config)
+        else:
+            raise UWConfigError("Unhandled dependency type %s" % tag)
+
+    def _add_task_dependency_datadep(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <datadep> element to the <dependency>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        e = self._add_compound_time_string(e, config[STR.value], STR.datadep)
+        self._set_attrs(e, config)
+
+    def _add_task_dependency_sh(
+        self, e: _Element, config: dict, name_attr: Optional[str] = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for the tag.
+        :param name_attr: XML name attribute for element.
+        """
+        e = self._add_compound_time_string(e, config[STR.command], STR.sh)
+        config[STR.attrs][STR.name] = name_attr
+        self._set_attrs(e, config)
+
+    def _add_task_dependency_strequality(self, e: _Element, config: dict, tag: str) -> None:
+        """
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for the tag.
+        :param tag: Name of new element to add.
+        """
+        self._set_attrs(SubElement(e, tag), config)
 
-    :param input_yaml: Path to YAML input file.
-    :param input_template: Path to input template file.
-    :param rendered_output: Path to write rendered XML file.
+    def _add_task_dependency_taskdep(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <taskdep> element to the <dependency>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        self._set_attrs(SubElement(e, STR.taskdep), config)
+
+    def _add_task_dependency_taskvalid(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <taskvalid> element to the <dependency>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        self._set_attrs(SubElement(e, STR.taskvalid), config)
+
+    def _add_task_dependency_timedep(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <timedep> element to the <dependency>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        self._add_compound_time_string(e, config, STR.timedep)
+
+    def _add_task_envar(self, e: _Element, name: str, value: str) -> None:
+        """
+        Add a <envar> element to the <task>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        e = SubElement(e, STR.envar)
+        SubElement(e, STR.name).text = name
+        SubElement(e, STR.value).text = value
+
+    def _add_workflow(self, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Create the root <workflow> element.
+
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        config, e = config[STR.workflow], Element(STR.workflow)
+        self._set_attrs(e, config)
+        self._add_workflow_cycledef(e, config[STR.cycledef])
+        self._add_workflow_log(e, config)
+        self._add_workflow_tasks(e, config[STR.tasks])
+        self._root: _Element = e
+
+    def _add_workflow_cycledef(self, e: _Element, config: List[dict]) -> None:
+        """
+        Add <cycledef> element(s) to the <workflow>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        """
+        for item in config:
+            cycledef = SubElement(e, STR.cycledef)
+            cycledef.text = item["spec"]
+            self._set_attrs(cycledef, item)
+
+    def _add_workflow_log(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add <log> element(s) to the <workflow>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param logfile: The path to the log file.
+        """
+        tag = STR.log
+        self._add_compound_time_string(e, config[tag], tag)
+
+    def _add_workflow_tasks(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Add <task> and/or <metatask> element(s) to the <workflow>.
+
+        :param e: The parent element to add the new element to.
+        :param config: Configuration data for these elements.
+        """
+        for key, subconfig in config.items():
+            tag, name = self._tag_name(key)
+            {STR.metatask: self._add_metatask, STR.task: self._add_task}[tag](e, subconfig, name)
+
+    def _config_validate(self, config: Union[dict, YAMLConfig, OptionalPath]) -> None:
+        """
+        Validate the given YAML config.
+
+        :param config: YAMLConfig object or path to YAML file (None => read stdin).
+        """
+        schema_file = resource_pathobj("rocoto.jsonschema")
+        ok = validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config=config)
+        if not ok:
+            raise UWConfigError("YAML validation errors")
+
+    @property
+    def _doctype(self) -> Optional[str]:
+        """
+        Generate the <!DOCTYPE> block with <!ENTITY> definitions.
+
+        :return: The <!DOCTYPE> block if entities are defined, otherwise None.
+        """
+        if entities := self._config[STR.workflow].get(STR.entities):
+            tags = (f'  <!ENTITY {key} "{val}">' for key, val in entities.items())
+            return "<!DOCTYPE workflow [\n%s\n]>" % "\n".join(tags)
+        return None
+
+    def _insert_doctype(self, xml: str) -> str:
+        """
+        Return the given XML document with an Inserted <!DOCTYPE> block.
+
+        :param xml: The XML document rendered as a string.
+        """
+        lines = xml.split("\n")
+        if doctype := self._doctype:
+            lines.insert(1, doctype)
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    def _set_and_render_jobname(self, config: dict, taskname: str) -> None:
+        """
+        In the given config, ensure 'jobname' is set, then render {{ jobname }}.
+
+        :param config: Configuration data for this element.
+        :param taskname: The name of the task being defined.
+        """
+        if STR.jobname not in config:
+            config[STR.jobname] = taskname
+
+    def _set_attrs(self, e: _Element, config: dict) -> None:
+        """
+        Set attributes on an element.
+
+        :param e: The element to set the attributes on.
+        :param config: A config containing the attribute definitions.
+        """
+        for attr, val in config.get(STR.attrs, {}).items():
+            e.set(attr, str(val))
+
+    def _tag_name(self, key: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
+        """
+        Return the tag and metadata extracted from a metadata-bearing key.
+
+        :param key: A string of the form "<tag>_<metadata>" (or simply STR.<tag>).
+        """
+        # For example, key "task_foo_bar" will be split into tag "task" and name "foo_bar".
+        parts = key.split("_")
+        tag = parts[0]
+        name = "_".join(parts[1:]) if parts[1:] else ""
+        return tag, name
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class STR:
+    """
+    A lookup map for Rocoto-related strings.
     """
-    values = YAMLConfig(input_yaml)
-    tasks = values["tasks"]
-    if isinstance(tasks, dict):
-        _add_jobname(tasks)
 
-    # Render the template.
-    template = J2Template(values=values.data, template_path=input_template)
-    template.dump(output_path=rendered_output)
+    account: str = "account"
+    and_: str = "and"
+    attrs: str = "attrs"
+    command: str = "command"
+    cores: str = "cores"
+    cycledef: str = "cycledef"
+    cycledefs: str = "cycledefs"
+    cyclestr: str = "cyclestr"
+    datadep: str = "datadep"
+    deadline: str = "deadline"
+    dependency: str = "dependency"
+    entities: str = "entities"
+    envar: str = "envar"
+    envars: str = "envars"
+    exclusive: str = "exclusive"
+    jobname: str = "jobname"
+    join: str = "join"
+    log: str = "log"
+    memory: str = "memory"
+    metatask: str = "metatask"
+    name: str = "name"
+    nand: str = "nand"
+    native: str = "native"
+    nodes: str = "nodes"
+    nodesize: str = "nodesize"
+    nor: str = "nor"
+    not_: str = "not"
+    or_: str = "or"
+    partition: str = "partition"
+    queue: str = "queue"
+    rewind: str = "rewind"
+    sh: str = "sh"
+    shared: str = "shared"
+    stderr: str = "stderr"
+    stdout: str = "stdout"
+    streq: str = "streq"
+    strneq: str = "strneq"
+    tag: str = "tag"
+    task: str = "task"
+    taskdep: str = "taskdep"
+    tasks: str = "tasks"
+    taskvalid: str = "taskvalid"
+    timedep: str = "timedep"
+    value: str = "value"
+    var: str = "var"
+    walltime: str = "walltime"
+    workflow: str = "workflow"
+    xor: str = "xor"
diff --git a/src/uwtools/scheduler.py b/src/uwtools/scheduler.py
index b3c83a73b..6649ab851 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/scheduler.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/scheduler.py
@@ -4,13 +4,17 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import logging
 import re
 from collections import UserDict, UserList
 from collections.abc import Mapping
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, Dict, List
 
-from uwtools.utils import Memory
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.types import OptionalPath
+from uwtools.utils.file import writable
+from uwtools.utils.memory import Memory
+from uwtools.utils.processing import execute
 
 NONEISH = [None, "", " ", "None", "none", False]
 IGNORED_ATTRIBS = ["scheduler"]
@@ -24,8 +28,6 @@ class RequiredAttribs:
     ACCOUNT = "account"
     QUEUE = "queue"
     WALLTIME = "walltime"
-    NODES = "nodes"
-    TASKS_PER_NODE = "tasks_per_node"
 
 
 class OptionalAttribs:
@@ -33,17 +35,21 @@ class OptionalAttribs:
     Key for optional attributes.
     """
 
-    SHELL = "shell"
+    CORES = "cores"
+    DEBUG = "debug"
+    EXCLUSIVE = "exclusive"
+    EXPORT = "export"
     JOB_NAME = "jobname"
-    STDOUT = "stdout"
-    STDERR = "stderr"
     JOIN = "join"
-    PARTITION = "partition"
-    THREADS = "threads"
     MEMORY = "memory"
-    DEBUG = "debug"
-    EXCLUSIVE = "exclusive"
+    NODES = "nodes"
+    PARTITION = "partition"
     PLACEMENT = "placement"
+    SHELL = "shell"
+    STDERR = "stderr"
+    STDOUT = "stdout"
+    TASKS_PER_NODE = "tasks_per_node"
+    THREADS = "threads"
 
 
 class BatchScript(UserList):
@@ -69,6 +75,15 @@ def content(self, line_separator: str = "\n") -> str:
         """
         return line_separator.join(self)
 
+    def dump(self, output_file: OptionalPath) -> None:
+        """
+        Write a batch script to an output location.
+
+        :param output_file: Path to the file to write the batch script to
+        """
+        with writable(output_file) as f:
+            print(str(self).strip(), file=f)
+
 
 class JobScheduler(UserDict):
     """
@@ -129,9 +144,8 @@ def batch_script(self) -> BatchScript:
                     self._map[key](value) if callable(self._map[key]) else self._map[key]
                 )
                 scheduler_value = "" if callable(self._map[key]) else value
-                directive = (
-                    f"{self.prefix} {scheduler_flag}{self.key_value_separator}{scheduler_value}"
-                )
+                key_value_separator = "" if callable(self._map[key]) else self.key_value_separator
+                directive = f"{self.prefix} {scheduler_flag}{key_value_separator}{scheduler_value}"
                 known.append(directive.strip())
 
         unknown = [
@@ -166,7 +180,7 @@ def get_scheduler(props: Mapping) -> JobScheduler:
         if "scheduler" not in props:
             raise KeyError(f"No scheduler defined in props: [{', '.join(props.keys())}]")
         name = props["scheduler"]
-        logging.debug("Getting '%s' scheduler", name)
+        log.debug("Getting '%s' scheduler", name)
         schedulers = {"slurm": Slurm, "pbs": PBS, "lsf": LSF}
         try:
             scheduler = schedulers[name]
@@ -178,6 +192,18 @@ def get_scheduler(props: Mapping) -> JobScheduler:
             ) from error
         return scheduler(props)
 
+    def submit_job(self, script_path: Path) -> bool:
+        """
+        Submits a job to the scheduler.
+
+        :param script_path: Path to the batch script.
+        :return: Did the run exit with a success status?
+        """
+        success, _ = execute(
+            cmd=f"{self.submit_command} {script_path}", cwd=f"{script_path.parent}"
+        )
+        return success
+
 
 class Slurm(JobScheduler):
     """
@@ -185,29 +211,25 @@ class Slurm(JobScheduler):
     """
 
     prefix = "#SBATCH"
+    submit_command = "sbatch"
 
     _map = {
         RequiredAttribs.ACCOUNT: "--account",
-        RequiredAttribs.NODES: "--nodes",
         RequiredAttribs.QUEUE: "--qos",
-        RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE: "--ntasks-per-node",
         RequiredAttribs.WALLTIME: "--time",
+        OptionalAttribs.CORES: "--ntasks",
+        OptionalAttribs.EXCLUSIVE: lambda x: "--exclusive",
+        OptionalAttribs.EXPORT: "--export",
         OptionalAttribs.JOB_NAME: "--job-name",
-        OptionalAttribs.STDOUT: "--output",
-        OptionalAttribs.STDERR: "--error",
+        OptionalAttribs.MEMORY: "--mem",
+        OptionalAttribs.NODES: "--nodes",
         OptionalAttribs.PARTITION: "--partition",
+        OptionalAttribs.STDERR: "--error",
+        OptionalAttribs.STDOUT: "--output",
+        OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE: "--ntasks-per-node",
         OptionalAttribs.THREADS: "--cpus-per-task",
-        OptionalAttribs.MEMORY: "--mem",
-        OptionalAttribs.EXCLUSIVE: "--exclusive",
     }
 
-    @property
-    def submit_command(self) -> str:
-        """
-        Returns the command for running a batch script.
-        """
-        return "sbatch"
-
 
 class PBS(JobScheduler):
     """
@@ -216,35 +238,29 @@ class PBS(JobScheduler):
 
     prefix = "#PBS"
     key_value_separator = " "
+    submit_command = "qsub"
 
     _map = {
         RequiredAttribs.ACCOUNT: "-A",
-        RequiredAttribs.NODES: lambda x: f"-l select={x}",
+        OptionalAttribs.NODES: lambda x: f"-l select={x}",
         RequiredAttribs.QUEUE: "-q",
+        OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE: "mpiprocs",
         RequiredAttribs.WALLTIME: "-l walltime=",
-        RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE: "mpiprocs",
-        OptionalAttribs.SHELL: "-S",
+        OptionalAttribs.DEBUG: lambda x: f"-l debug={str(x).lower()}",
         OptionalAttribs.JOB_NAME: "-N",
+        OptionalAttribs.MEMORY: "mem",
+        OptionalAttribs.SHELL: "-S",
         OptionalAttribs.STDOUT: "-o",
-        OptionalAttribs.DEBUG: lambda x: f"-l debug={str(x).lower()}",
         OptionalAttribs.THREADS: "ompthreads",
-        OptionalAttribs.MEMORY: "mem",
     }
 
-    @property
-    def submit_command(self) -> str:
-        """
-        Returns the command for running a batch script.
-        """
-        return "qsub"
-
     def pre_process(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         output = self.data
         output.update(self._select(output))
         output.update(self._placement(output))
 
-        output.pop(RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE, None)
-        output.pop(RequiredAttribs.NODES, None)
+        output.pop(OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE, None)
+        output.pop(OptionalAttribs.NODES, None)
         output.pop(OptionalAttribs.THREADS, None)
         output.pop(OptionalAttribs.MEMORY, None)
         output.pop("exclusive", None)
@@ -252,45 +268,35 @@ def pre_process(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         output.pop("select", None)
         return dict(output)
 
-    def _select(self, items) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _select(self, items: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Select logic.
         """
-        total_nodes = items.get(RequiredAttribs.NODES, "")
-        tasks_per_node = items.get(RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE, "")
+        total_nodes = items.get(OptionalAttribs.NODES, "")
+        tasks_per_node = items.get(OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE, "")
         # Set default threads=1 to address job variability with PBS
         threads = items.get(OptionalAttribs.THREADS, 1)
         memory = items.get(OptionalAttribs.MEMORY, "")
-
         select = [
             f"{total_nodes}",
-            f"{self._map[RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE]}={tasks_per_node}",
+            f"{self._map[OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE]}={tasks_per_node}",
             f"{self._map[OptionalAttribs.THREADS]}={threads}",
             f"ncpus={int(tasks_per_node) * int(threads)}",
         ]
         if memory not in NONEISH:
             select.append(f"{self._map[OptionalAttribs.MEMORY]}={memory}")
         items["-l select="] = ":".join(select)
-
         return items
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _placement(items) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _placement(items: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         """
         Placement logic.
         """
-
         exclusive = items.get(OptionalAttribs.EXCLUSIVE, "")
         placement = items.get(OptionalAttribs.PLACEMENT, "")
-
-        if all(
-            [
-                exclusive in NONEISH,
-                placement in NONEISH,
-            ]
-        ):
+        if all([exclusive in NONEISH, placement in NONEISH]):
             return items
-
         output = []
         if placement not in NONEISH:
             output.append(str(placement))
@@ -308,39 +314,33 @@ class LSF(JobScheduler):
 
     prefix = "#BSUB"
     key_value_separator = " "
+    submit_command = "bsub"
 
     _map = {
-        RequiredAttribs.QUEUE: "-q",
         RequiredAttribs.ACCOUNT: "-P",
+        OptionalAttribs.NODES: lambda x: f"-n {x}",
+        RequiredAttribs.QUEUE: "-q",
+        OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE: lambda x: f"-R span[ptile={x}]",
         RequiredAttribs.WALLTIME: "-W",
-        RequiredAttribs.NODES: lambda x: f"-n {x}",
-        RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE: lambda x: f"-R span[ptile={x}]",
-        OptionalAttribs.SHELL: "-L",
         OptionalAttribs.JOB_NAME: "-J",
+        OptionalAttribs.MEMORY: lambda x: f"-R rusage[mem={x}]",
+        OptionalAttribs.SHELL: "-L",
         OptionalAttribs.STDOUT: "-o",
         OptionalAttribs.THREADS: lambda x: f"-R affinity[core({x})]",
-        OptionalAttribs.MEMORY: lambda x: f"-R rusage[mem={x}]",
     }
 
-    @property
-    def submit_command(self) -> str:
-        """
-        Returns the command for running a batch script.
-        """
-        return "bsub"
-
     def pre_process(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
         items = self.data
         # LSF requires threads to be set (if None is provided, default to 1)
         items[OptionalAttribs.THREADS] = items.get(OptionalAttribs.THREADS, 1)
-        nodes = items.get(RequiredAttribs.NODES, "")
-        tasks_per_node = items.get(RequiredAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE, "")
+        nodes = items.get(OptionalAttribs.NODES, "")
+        tasks_per_node = items.get(OptionalAttribs.TASKS_PER_NODE, "")
 
         memory = items.get(OptionalAttribs.MEMORY, None)
         if memory is not None:
             mem_value = Memory(memory).convert("KB")
             items[self._map[OptionalAttribs.MEMORY](mem_value)] = ""
 
-        items[RequiredAttribs.NODES] = int(tasks_per_node) * int(nodes)
+        items[OptionalAttribs.NODES] = int(tasks_per_node) * int(nodes)
         items.pop(OptionalAttribs.MEMORY, None)
         return items
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/__init__.py
rename to src/uwtools/tests/api/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_config.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14d75faac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access
+
+import os
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+
+from uwtools.api import config
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+
+
+def test_compare():
+    kwargs: dict = {
+        "config_1_path": "path1",
+        "config_1_format": "fmt1",
+        "config_2_path": "path2",
+        "config_2_format": "fmt2",
+    }
+    with patch.object(config, "_compare") as _compare:
+        config.compare(**kwargs)
+    _compare.assert_called_once_with(**kwargs)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "classname,f",
+    [
+        ("_FieldTableConfig", config.get_fieldtable_config),
+        ("_INIConfig", config.get_ini_config),
+        ("_NMLConfig", config.get_nml_config),
+        ("_SHConfig", config.get_sh_config),
+        ("_YAMLConfig", config.get_yaml_config),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_config(classname, f):
+    kwargs: dict = dict(config={})
+    with patch.object(config, classname) as constructor:
+        f(**kwargs)
+    constructor.assert_called_once_with(**kwargs)
+
+
+def test_realize():
+    kwargs: dict = {
+        "input_config": "path1",
+        "input_format": "fmt1",
+        "output_file": "path2",
+        "output_format": "fmt2",
+        "supplemental_configs": ["path3"],
+        "values_needed": True,
+        "dry_run": True,
+    }
+    with patch.object(config, "_realize") as _realize:
+        config.realize(**kwargs)
+    _realize.assert_called_once_with(**kwargs)
+
+
+def test_realize_to_dict():
+    kwargs: dict = {
+        "input_config": "path1",
+        "input_format": "fmt1",
+        "supplemental_configs": ["path3"],
+        "values_needed": True,
+        "dry_run": True,
+    }
+    with patch.object(config, "_realize") as _realize:
+        config.realize_to_dict(**kwargs)
+    _realize.assert_called_once_with(
+        **dict({**kwargs, **{"output_file": os.devnull, "output_format": None}})
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("cfg", [{"foo": "bar"}, YAMLConfig(config={})])
+def test_validate(cfg):
+    kwargs: dict = {"schema_file": "schema-file", "config": cfg}
+    with patch.object(config, "_validate_yaml", return_value=True) as _validate_yaml:
+        assert config.validate(**kwargs)
+    _validate_yaml.assert_called_once_with(
+        schema_file=kwargs["schema_file"], config=kwargs["config"]
+    )
+
+
+def test_validate_config_file(tmp_path):
+    cfg = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    with open(cfg, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        yaml.dump({}, f)
+    kwargs: dict = {"schema_file": "schema-file", "config": cfg}
+    with patch.object(config, "_validate_yaml", return_value=True) as _validate_yaml:
+        assert config.validate(**kwargs)
+    _validate_yaml.assert_called_once_with(schema_file=kwargs["schema_file"], config=cfg)
+
+
+def test__ensure_config_arg_type_config_obj():
+    config_obj = YAMLConfig(config={})
+    assert config._ensure_config_arg_type(config=config_obj) is config_obj
+
+
+def test__ensure_config_arg_type_dict():
+    config_dict = {"foo": 88}
+    config_obj = config._ensure_config_arg_type(config=config_dict)
+    assert isinstance(config_obj, YAMLConfig)
+    assert config_obj.data == config_dict
+
+
+def test__ensure_config_arg_type_path():
+    config_path = "/path/to/config.yaml"
+    config_obj = config._ensure_config_arg_type(config=config_path)
+    assert isinstance(config_obj, str)
+    assert config_obj is config_path
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_forecast.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_forecast.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..14f3057b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_forecast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access
+
+import datetime as dt
+from unittest.mock import Mock, patch
+
+from uwtools.api import forecast
+
+
+def test_run():
+    SomeModel = Mock()
+    cycle = dt.datetime(2023, 11, 22, 12)
+    with patch.dict(forecast._CLASSES, {"foo": SomeModel}):
+        forecast.run(
+            model="foo",
+            cycle=cycle,
+            config_file="bar",
+            batch_script="baz",
+            dry_run=False,
+        )
+    SomeModel.assert_called_once_with(
+        batch_script="baz",
+        config_file="bar",
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
+    SomeModel().run.assert_called_once_with(cycle=cycle)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_logging.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_logging.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..91bf4240b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_logging.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+
+import logging as py_logging
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from uwtools.api import logging as uw_logging
+
+
+def test_use_custom_logger():
+    kwargs = dict(logger=py_logging.getLogger())
+    with patch.object(uw_logging, "_use_logger") as _use_logger:
+        uw_logging.use_custom_logger(**kwargs)
+    _use_logger.assert_called_once_with(**kwargs)
+
+
+def test_use_uwtools_logger():
+    kwargs = dict(quiet=False, verbose=True)
+    with patch.object(uw_logging, "_setup_logging") as _setup_logging:
+        uw_logging.use_uwtools_logger(**kwargs)
+    _setup_logging.assert_called_once_with(**kwargs)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_rocoto.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_rocoto.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1a78a60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_rocoto.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from uwtools.api import rocoto
+
+
+def test_realize():
+    with patch.object(rocoto, "_realize") as _realize:
+        rocoto.realize(config="foo", output_file="bar")
+    _realize.assert_called_once_with(config="foo", output_file="bar")
+
+
+def test_validate():
+    with patch.object(rocoto, "_validate") as _validate:
+        rocoto.validate(xml_file="foo")
+    _validate.assert_called_once_with(xml_file="foo")
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_template.py b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_template.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d18f5d9fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/api/test_template.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from uwtools.api import template
+
+
+def test_render():
+    kwargs: dict = {
+        "input_file": "infile",
+        "output_file": "outfile",
+        "values": "valsfile",
+        "values_format": "format",
+        "overrides": {"key": "val"},
+        "values_needed": True,
+        "dry_run": True,
+    }
+    with patch.object(template, "_render") as _render:
+        template.render(**kwargs)
+    _render.assert_called_once_with(**kwargs)
+
+
+def test_translate():
+    kwargs: dict = {
+        "input_file": "path1",
+        "output_file": "path2",
+        "dry_run": True,
+    }
+    with patch.object(template, "_convert_atparse_to_jinja2") as _catj:
+        assert template.translate(**kwargs)
+    _catj.assert_called_once_with(
+        input_file=kwargs["input_file"],
+        output_file=kwargs["output_file"],
+        dry_run=kwargs["dry_run"],
+    )
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/__init__.py
rename to src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/__init__.py
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/conftest.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7c973d5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+"""
+Pytest fixtures for package uwtools.config.formats tests.
+"""
+
+# NB: pytest implicitly imports files named conftest.py into test modules in the current directory
+# and in subdirectories.
+
+from pytest import fixture
+
+
+@fixture
+def salad_base():
+    return {
+        "salad": {
+            "base": "kale",
+            "fruit": "banana",
+            "vegetable": "tomato",
+            "how_many": 12,
+            "dressing": "balsamic",
+        }
+    }
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_base.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3290a0faa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
+"""
+Tests for the uwtools.config.base module.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+from pytest import fixture, raises
+
+from uwtools.config import tools
+from uwtools.config.formats.base import Config
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.support import depth
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path, logged
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, readable
+
+# Fixtures
+
+
+@fixture
+def config(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    data = {"foo": 88}
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        yaml.dump(data, f)
+    return ConcreteConfig(config=path)
+
+
+# Helpers
+
+
+class ConcreteConfig(Config):
+    """
+    Config subclass for testing purposes.
+    """
+
+    def _load(self, config_file):
+        with readable(config_file) as f:
+            return yaml.safe_load(f.read())
+
+    def dump(self, path=None):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def dump_dict(cfg, path=None):
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_depth_threshold():
+        pass
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_format():
+        pass
+
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test___repr__(capsys, config):
+    print(config)
+    assert yaml.safe_load(capsys.readouterr().out)["foo"] == 88
+
+
+def test__load_paths(config, tmp_path):
+    paths = (tmp_path / fn for fn in ("f1", "f2"))
+    for path in paths:
+        with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            yaml.dump({path.name: "defined"}, f)
+    cfg = config._load_paths(config_files=paths)
+    for path in paths:
+        assert cfg[path.name] == "present"
+
+
+def test_characterize_values(config):
+    values = {1: "", 2: None, 3: "{{ n }}", 4: {"a": 88}, 5: [{"b": 99}], 6: "string"}
+    complete, empty, template = config.characterize_values(values=values, parent="p")
+    assert complete == ["    p4", "    p4.a", "    pb", "    p5", "    p6"]
+    assert empty == ["    p1", "    p2"]
+    assert template == ["    p3: {{ n }}"]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt", [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.yaml])
+def test_compare_config(caplog, fmt, salad_base):
+    """
+    Compare two config objects.
+    """
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    cfgobj = tools.format_to_config(fmt)(fixture_path(f"simple.{fmt}"))
+    if fmt == FORMAT.ini:
+        salad_base["salad"]["how_many"] = "12"  # str "12" (not int 12) for ini
+    assert cfgobj.compare_config(salad_base) is True
+    # Expect no differences:
+    assert not caplog.records
+    caplog.clear()
+    # Create differences in base dict:
+    salad_base["salad"]["dressing"] = "italian"
+    salad_base["salad"]["size"] = "large"
+    del salad_base["salad"]["how_many"]
+    assert not cfgobj.compare_config(cfgobj, salad_base)
+    assert not cfgobj.compare_config(salad_base)
+    # Expect to see the following differences logged:
+    for msg in [
+        "salad:        how_many:  - 12 + None",
+        "salad:        dressing:  - balsamic + italian",
+        "salad:            size:  - None + large",
+    ]:
+        assert logged(caplog, msg)
+
+
+def test_depth(config):
+    assert config.depth == 1
+
+
+def test_dereference(tmp_path):
+    # Test demonstrates that:
+    #   - Config dereferencing uses environment variables.
+    #   - Initially-unrenderable values do not cause errors.
+    #   - Initially-unrenderable values may be rendered via iteration.
+    #   - Finally-unrenderable values do not cause errors and are returned unmodified.
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    yaml = """
+a: !int '{{ b.c + 11 }}'
+b:
+  c: !int '{{ N | int + 11 }}'
+d: '{{ X }}'
+""".strip()
+    path = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        print(yaml, file=f)
+    config = YAMLConfig(path)
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"N": "55"}, clear=True):
+        config.dereference()
+    assert config == {"a": 77, "b": {"c": 66}, "d": "{{ X }}"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt2", [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.sh])
+def test_invalid_config(caplog, fmt2, tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that invalid config files will error when attempting to dump.
+    """
+    fmt1 = FORMAT.yaml
+    outfile = tmp_path / f"test_{fmt1}to{fmt2}_dump.{fmt2}"
+    cfgin = tools.format_to_config(fmt1)(fixture_path("hello_workflow.yaml"))
+    depthin = depth(cfgin.data)
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools.format_to_config(fmt2).dump_dict(cfg=cfgin.data, path=outfile)
+    msg = f"Cannot dump depth-{depthin} config to type-'{fmt2}' config"
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_parse_include(config):
+    """
+    Test that non-YAML handles include tags properly.
+    """
+    del config["foo"]
+    # Create a symlink for the include file:
+    include_path = fixture_path("fruit_config.yaml")
+    config.data.update(
+        {
+            "config": {
+                "salad_include": f"!INCLUDE [{include_path}]",
+                "meat": "beef",
+                "dressing": "poppyseed",
+            }
+        }
+    )
+    config.parse_include()
+
+    assert config["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert config["how_many"] == 17
+    assert config["config"]["meat"] == "beef"
+    assert len(config["config"]) == 2
+
+
+def test_update_values(config):
+    """
+    Test that a config object can be updated.
+    """
+    config.data.update({"a": "11", "b": "12", "c": "13"})
+    assert config == {"foo": 88, "a": "11", "b": "12", "c": "13"}
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_fieldtable.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_fieldtable.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5f2a37d99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_fieldtable.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.formats.fieldtable module.
+"""
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.fieldtable import FieldTableConfig
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_get_format():
+    assert FieldTableConfig.get_format() == FORMAT.fieldtable
+
+
+def test_get_depth_threshold():
+    assert FieldTableConfig.get_depth_threshold() is None
+
+
+def test_instantiation_depth():
+    # Any depth is fine.
+    assert FieldTableConfig(config={1: {2: {3: 4}}})
+
+
+def test_simple(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test reading a YAML config object and generating a field table file.
+    """
+    cfgfile = fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml")
+    outfile = tmp_path / "field_table_from_yaml.FV3_GFS"
+    reference = fixture_path("field_table.FV3_GFS_v16")
+    FieldTableConfig(cfgfile).dump(outfile)
+    with open(reference, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f1:
+        reflines = [line.strip().replace("'", "") for line in f1]
+    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f2:
+        outlines = [line.strip().replace("'", "") for line in f2]
+    for line1, line2 in zip(outlines, reflines):
+        assert line1 == line2
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_ini.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_ini.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4cc3bf32c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_ini.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# pylint: disable=duplicate-code,missing-function-docstring
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.formats.ini module.
+"""
+
+import filecmp
+
+from pytest import raises
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.ini import INIConfig
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_get_format():
+    assert INIConfig.get_format() == FORMAT.ini
+
+
+def test_get_depth_threshold():
+    assert INIConfig.get_depth_threshold() == 2
+
+
+def test_instantiation_depth():
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        INIConfig(config={1: {2: {3: 4}}})
+    assert str(e.value) == "Cannot instantiate depth-2 INIConfig with depth-3 config"
+
+
+def test_parse_include():
+    """
+    Test that an INI file handles include tags properly.
+    """
+    cfgobj = INIConfig(fixture_path("include_files.ini"))
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["how_many"] == "17"
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["meat"] == "beef"
+    assert len(cfgobj["config"]) == 5
+
+
+def test_simple(salad_base, tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that INI config load and dump work with a basic INI file.
+
+    Everything in INI is treated as a string!
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("simple.ini")
+    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.ini"
+    cfgobj = INIConfig(infile)
+    expected = salad_base
+    expected["salad"]["how_many"] = "12"  # str "12" (not int 12) for INI
+    assert cfgobj == expected
+    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
+    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
+    cfgobj.update({"dressing": ["ranch", "italian"]})
+    expected["dressing"] = ["ranch", "italian"]
+    assert cfgobj == expected
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_nml.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_nml.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d2fa2e85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_nml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# pylint: disable=duplicate-code,missing-function-docstring
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.formats.nml module.
+"""
+
+import filecmp
+
+from pytest import raises
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.nml import NMLConfig
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_get_format():
+    assert NMLConfig.get_format() == FORMAT.nml
+
+
+def test_get_depth_threshold():
+    assert NMLConfig.get_depth_threshold() == 2
+
+
+def test_instantiation_depth():
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        NMLConfig(config={1: {2: {3: 4}}})
+    assert str(e.value) == "Cannot instantiate depth-2 NMLConfig with depth-3 config"
+
+
+def test_parse_include():
+    """
+    Test that non-YAML handles include tags properly.
+    """
+    cfgobj = NMLConfig(fixture_path("include_files.nml"))
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["how_many"] == 17
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["meat"] == "beef"
+    assert len(cfgobj["config"]) == 5
+
+
+def test_parse_include_mult_sect():
+    """
+    Test that non-YAML handles include tags with files that have multiple sections in separate file.
+    """
+    cfgobj = NMLConfig(fixture_path("include_files_with_sect.nml"))
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["how_many"] == 17
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["meat"] == "beef"
+    assert cfgobj["config"]["dressing"] == "ranch"
+    assert cfgobj["setting"]["size"] == "large"
+    assert len(cfgobj["config"]) == 5
+    assert len(cfgobj["setting"]) == 3
+
+
+def test_simple(salad_base, tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that namelist load, update, and dump work with a basic namelist file.
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("simple.nml")
+    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.nml"
+    cfgobj = NMLConfig(infile)
+    expected = salad_base
+    expected["salad"]["how_many"] = 12  # must be int for nml
+    assert cfgobj == expected
+    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
+    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
+    cfgobj.update({"dressing": ["ranch", "italian"]})
+    expected["dressing"] = ["ranch", "italian"]
+    assert cfgobj == expected
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_sh.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_sh.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..57fae5440
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_sh.py
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# pylint: disable=duplicate-code,missing-function-docstring
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.formats.sh module.
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from pytest import raises
+
+from uwtools.config.formats.sh import SHConfig
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_get_format():
+    assert SHConfig.get_format() == FORMAT.sh
+
+
+def test_get_depth_threshold():
+    assert SHConfig.get_depth_threshold() == 1
+
+
+def test_instantiation_depth():
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        SHConfig(config={1: {2: {3: 4}}})
+    assert str(e.value) == "Cannot instantiate depth-1 SHConfig with depth-3 config"
+
+
+def test_parse_include():
+    """
+    Test that an sh file with no sections handles include tags properly.
+    """
+    cfgobj = SHConfig(fixture_path("include_files.sh"))
+    assert cfgobj["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert cfgobj["how_many"] == "17"
+    assert cfgobj["meat"] == "beef"
+    assert len(cfgobj) == 5
+
+
+def test_sh(salad_base):
+    """
+    Test that sh config load and dump work with a basic sh file.
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("simple.sh")
+    cfgobj = SHConfig(infile)
+    expected: Dict[str, Any] = {
+        **salad_base["salad"],
+        "how_many": "12",
+    }
+    assert cfgobj == expected
+    cfgobj.update({"dressing": ["ranch", "italian"]})
+    expected["dressing"] = ["ranch", "italian"]
+    assert cfgobj == expected
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_yaml.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_yaml.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..880e29c80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/formats/test_yaml.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.formats.yaml module.
+"""
+
+import datetime
+import filecmp
+import logging
+import sys
+from io import StringIO
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import yaml
+from pytest import raises
+
+from uwtools import exceptions
+from uwtools.config import support
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path, logged
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, _stdinproxy
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_get_format():
+    assert YAMLConfig.get_format() == FORMAT.yaml
+
+
+def test_get_depth_threshold():
+    assert YAMLConfig.get_depth_threshold() is None
+
+
+def test_instantiation_depth():
+    # Any depth is fine.
+    assert YAMLConfig(config={1: {2: {3: 4}}})
+
+
+def test_composite_types():
+    """
+    Test that YAML load and dump work with a YAML file that has multiple data structures and levels.
+    """
+    cfgobj = YAMLConfig(fixture_path("result4.yaml"))
+
+    assert cfgobj["step_cycle"] == "PT6H"
+    assert isinstance(cfgobj["init_cycle"], datetime.datetime)
+
+    generic_repos = cfgobj["generic_repos"]
+    assert isinstance(generic_repos, list)
+    assert isinstance(generic_repos[0], dict)
+    assert generic_repos[0]["branch"] == "develop"
+
+    models = cfgobj["models"]
+    assert models[0]["config"]["vertical_resolution"] == 64
+
+
+def test_include_files():
+    """
+    Test that including files via the include constructor works as expected.
+    """
+    cfgobj = YAMLConfig(fixture_path("include_files.yaml"))
+
+    # 1-file include tests.
+
+    assert cfgobj["salad"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert cfgobj["salad"]["how_many"] == 17
+    assert len(cfgobj["salad"]) == 4
+
+    # 2-file test, checking that values provided by the first file are replaced
+    # by values from the second file. There should be 7 items under two_files.
+
+    assert cfgobj["two_files"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
+    assert cfgobj["two_files"]["vegetable"] == "peas"
+    assert len(cfgobj["two_files"]) == 7
+
+    # 2-file test, but with included files reversed.
+
+    assert cfgobj["reverse_files"]["vegetable"] == "eggplant"
+
+
+def test_simple(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that YAML load, update, and dump work with a basic YAML file.
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("simple2.yaml")
+    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.yml"
+    cfgobj = YAMLConfig(infile)
+    expected = {
+        "account": "user_account",
+        "extra_stuff": 12345,
+        "jobname": "abcd",
+        "nodes": 1,
+        "queue": "bos",
+        "scheduler": "slurm",
+        "tasks_per_node": 4,
+        "walltime": "00:01:00",
+    }
+    assert cfgobj == expected
+    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
+    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
+    cfgobj.update({"nodes": 12})
+    expected["nodes"] = 12
+    assert cfgobj == expected
+
+
+def test_constructor_error_no_quotes(tmp_path):
+    # Test that Jinja2 template without quotes raises UWConfigError.
+
+    tmpfile = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    with tmpfile.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(
+            """
+foo: {{ bar }}
+bar: 2
+"""
+        )
+    with raises(exceptions.UWConfigError) as e:
+        YAMLConfig(tmpfile)
+    assert "value is enclosed in quotes" in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_constructor_error_unregistered_constructor(tmp_path):
+    # Test that unregistered constructor raises UWConfigError.
+
+    tmpfile = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    with tmpfile.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write("foo: !not_a_constructor bar")
+    with raises(exceptions.UWConfigError) as e:
+        YAMLConfig(tmpfile)
+    assert "constructor: '!not_a_constructor'" in str(e.value)
+    assert "Define the constructor before proceeding" in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_stdin_plus_relpath_failure(caplog):
+    # Instantiate a YAMLConfig with no input file, triggering a read from stdin. Patch stdin to
+    # provide YAML with an include directive specifying a relative path. Since a relative path
+    # is meaningless relative to stdin, assert that an appropriate error is logged and exception
+    # raised.
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    _stdinproxy.cache_clear()
+    relpath = "../bar/baz.yaml"
+    with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(f"foo: {support.INCLUDE_TAG} [{relpath}]")):
+        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+            YAMLConfig()
+    msg = f"Reading from stdin, a relative path was encountered: {relpath}"
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+
+
+def test_unexpected_error(tmp_path):
+    cfgfile = tmp_path / "cfg.yaml"
+    with open(cfgfile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        print("{n: 88}", file=f)
+    with patch.object(yaml, "load") as load:
+        msg = "Unexpected error"
+        load.side_effect = yaml.constructor.ConstructorError(note=msg)
+        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+            YAMLConfig(config=cfgfile)
+        assert msg in str(e.value)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_atparse_to_jinja2.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_atparse_to_jinja2.py
index dd5f9fe41..49a4ecc1c 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_atparse_to_jinja2.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_atparse_to_jinja2.py
@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 from pytest import fixture
 
 from uwtools.config import atparse_to_jinja2
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import _stdinproxy
 
 # Helper functions
 
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ def test_convert_input_file_to_output_file(atparsefile, capsys, jinja2txt, tmp_p
 
 
 def test_convert_input_file_to_logging(atparsefile, caplog, capsys, jinja2txt, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     outfile = tmp_path / "outfile"
     atparse_to_jinja2.convert(input_file=atparsefile, dry_run=True)
     streams = capsys.readouterr()
@@ -66,6 +68,7 @@ def test_convert_input_file_to_stdout(atparsefile, capsys, jinja2txt):
 
 def test_convert_stdin_to_file(atparselines, capsys, jinja2txt, tmp_path):
     outfile = tmp_path / "outfile"
+    _stdinproxy.cache_clear()
     with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO("\n".join(atparselines))):
         atparse_to_jinja2.convert(output_file=outfile)
     with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
@@ -76,8 +79,9 @@ def test_convert_stdin_to_file(atparselines, capsys, jinja2txt, tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_convert_stdin_to_logging(atparselines, caplog, jinja2txt, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     outfile = tmp_path / "outfile"
+    _stdinproxy.cache_clear()
     with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO("\n".join(atparselines))):
         atparse_to_jinja2.convert(output_file=outfile, dry_run=True)
     assert "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records) == jinja2txt.strip()
@@ -85,6 +89,7 @@ def test_convert_stdin_to_logging(atparselines, caplog, jinja2txt, tmp_path):
 
 
 def test_convert_stdin_to_stdout(atparselines, capsys, jinja2txt):
+    _stdinproxy.cache_clear()
     with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO("\n".join(atparselines))):
         atparse_to_jinja2.convert()
     streams = capsys.readouterr()
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_core.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_core.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b0d928dd0..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_core.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1021 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=duplicate-code,missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
-"""
-Tests for uwtools.config module.
-"""
-
-import datetime
-import filecmp
-import logging
-import os
-from collections import OrderedDict
-from io import StringIO
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-import pytest
-import yaml
-from pytest import fixture, raises
-
-from uwtools import exceptions
-from uwtools.config import core
-from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
-from uwtools.tests.support import compare_files, fixture_path, logged
-from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, path_if_it_exists, writable
-
-# Test functions
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt", [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.yaml])
-def test_compare_config(caplog, fmt, salad_base):
-    """
-    Compare two config objects.
-    """
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    cfgobj = core.format_to_config(fmt)(fixture_path(f"simple.{fmt}"))
-    if fmt == FORMAT.ini:
-        salad_base["salad"]["how_many"] = "12"  # str "12" (not int 12) for ini
-    assert cfgobj.compare_config(salad_base) is True
-    # Expect no differences:
-    assert not caplog.records
-    caplog.clear()
-    # Create differences in base dict:
-    salad_base["salad"]["dressing"] = "italian"
-    salad_base["salad"]["size"] = "large"
-    del salad_base["salad"]["how_many"]
-    # assert not cfgobj.compare_config(cfgobj, salad_base)
-    assert not cfgobj.compare_config(salad_base)
-    # Expect to see the following differences logged:
-    for msg in [
-        "salad:        how_many:  - 12 + None",
-        "salad:        dressing:  - balsamic + italian",
-        "salad:            size:  - None + large",
-    ]:
-        assert logged(caplog, msg)
-
-
-def test_compare_configs_good(compare_configs_assets, caplog):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    _, a, b = compare_configs_assets
-    assert core.compare_configs(
-        config_a_path=a, config_a_format=FORMAT.yaml, config_b_path=b, config_b_format=FORMAT.yaml
-    )
-    assert caplog.records
-
-
-def test_compare_configs_changed_value(compare_configs_assets, caplog):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    d, a, b = compare_configs_assets
-    d["baz"]["qux"] = 11
-    with writable(b) as f:
-        yaml.dump(d, f)
-    assert not core.compare_configs(
-        config_a_path=a, config_a_format=FORMAT.yaml, config_b_path=b, config_b_format=FORMAT.yaml
-    )
-    assert logged(caplog, "baz:             qux:  - 99 + 11")
-
-
-def test_compare_configs_missing_key(compare_configs_assets, caplog):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    d, a, b = compare_configs_assets
-    del d["baz"]
-    with writable(b) as f:
-        yaml.dump(d, f)
-    # Note that a and b are swapped:
-    assert not core.compare_configs(
-        config_a_path=b, config_a_format=FORMAT.yaml, config_b_path=a, config_b_format=FORMAT.yaml
-    )
-    assert logged(caplog, "baz:             qux:  - None + 99")
-
-
-def test_compare_configs_bad_format(caplog):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.compare_configs(
-            config_a_path="/not/used",
-            config_a_format="jpg",
-            config_b_path="/not/used",
-            config_b_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        )
-    msg = "Format 'jpg' should be one of: fieldtable, ini, nml, yaml"
-    assert logged(caplog, msg)
-    assert msg in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_config_field_table(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test reading a YAML config object and generating a field table file.
-    """
-    cfgfile = fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml")
-    outfile = tmp_path / "field_table_from_yaml.FV3_GFS"
-    reference = fixture_path("field_table.FV3_GFS_v16")
-    core.FieldTableConfig(cfgfile).dump(outfile)
-    with open(reference, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f1:
-        reflines = [line.strip().replace("'", "") for line in f1]
-    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f2:
-        outlines = [line.strip().replace("'", "") for line in f2]
-    for line1, line2 in zip(outlines, reflines):
-        assert line1 == line2
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-    "fn,depth", [("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml", 3), ("simple.nml", 2), ("simple2.ini", 2)]
-)
-def test_depth(depth, fn):
-    """
-    Test that the proper dictionary depth is returned for each file type.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path(fn)
-    fmt = Path(infile).suffix.replace(".", "")
-    cfgobj = core.format_to_config(fmt)(infile)
-    assert cfgobj._depth(cfgobj.data) == depth
-
-
-def test_dereference():
-    """
-    Test that the Jinja2 fields are filled in as expected.
-    """
-    with patch.dict(os.environ, {"UFSEXEC": "/my/path/"}):
-        cfg = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("gfs.yaml"))
-        cfg.dereference_all()
-
-        # Check that existing dicts remain:
-        assert isinstance(cfg["fcst"], dict)
-        assert isinstance(cfg["grid_stats"], dict)
-
-        # Check references to other items at same level, and order doesn't
-        # matter:
-        assert cfg["testupdate"] == "testpassed"
-
-        # Check references to other section items:
-        assert cfg["grid_stats"]["ref_fcst"] == 64
-
-        # Check environment values are included:
-        assert cfg["executable"] == "/my/path/"
-
-        # Check that env variables that are not defined do not change:
-        assert cfg["undefined_env"] == "{{ NOPE }}"
-
-        # Check undefined are left as-is:
-        assert cfg["datapath"] == "{{ [experiment_dir, current_cycle] | path_join }}"
-
-        # Check math:
-        assert cfg["grid_stats"]["total_points"] == 640000
-        assert cfg["grid_stats"]["total_ens_points"] == 19200000
-
-        # Check that statements expand:
-        assert cfg["fcst"]["output_hours"] == "0 3 6 9"
-
-        # Check that order isn't a problem:
-        assert cfg["grid_stats"]["points_per_level"] == 10000
-
-
-def test_dereference_bad_filter(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that an unregistered filter is detected and treated as an error.
-    """
-    path = tmp_path / "cfg.yaml"
-    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        print("undefined_filter: '{{ 34 | not_a_filter }}'", file=f)
-    cfg = core.YAMLConfig(config_file=path)
-    with raises(exceptions.UWConfigError) as e:
-        cfg.dereference()
-    assert "filter: 'not_a_filter'" in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_dereference_exceptions(caplog, tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that dereference handles some standard mistakes.
-    """
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
-    path = tmp_path / "cfg.yaml"
-    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        print(
-            """
-divide: '{{ num // nada }}'  # ZeroDivisionError
-foo: bar
-list_a: [1, 2, 4]
-nada: 0
-num: 2
-soap: '{{ foo }}'
-type_prob: '{{ list_a / \"a\" }}'  # TypeError
-""",
-            file=f,
-        )
-    cfgobj = core.YAMLConfig(config_file=path)
-    cfgobj.dereference()
-    logging.info("HELLO")
-    raised = [record.message for record in caplog.records if "raised" in record.message]
-    assert "ZeroDivisionError" in raised[0]
-    assert "TypeError" in raised[1]
-
-
-def test_ini_config_bash(salad_base, tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that INI config load and dump work with a basic bash file.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("simple.sh")
-    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.sh"
-    cfgobj = core.INIConfig(infile, space_around_delimiters=False)
-    expected: Dict[str, Any] = {
-        **salad_base["salad"],
-        "how_many": "12",
-    }  # str "12" (not int 12) for INI
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
-    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
-    cfgobj.update({"dressing": ["ranch", "italian"]})
-    expected["dressing"] = ["ranch", "italian"]
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-
-
-def test_ini_config_simple(salad_base, tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that INI config load and dump work with a basic INI file.
-
-    Everything in INI is treated as a string!
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("simple.ini")
-    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.ini"
-    cfgobj = core.INIConfig(infile)
-    expected = salad_base
-    expected["salad"]["how_many"] = "12"  # str "12" (not int 12) for INI
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
-    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
-    cfgobj.update({"dressing": ["ranch", "italian"]})
-    expected["dressing"] = ["ranch", "italian"]
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-
-
-def test_nml_config_simple(salad_base, tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that namelist load, update, and dump work with a basic namelist file.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("simple.nml")
-    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.nml"
-    cfgobj = core.NMLConfig(infile)
-    expected = salad_base
-    expected["salad"]["how_many"] = 12  # must be in for nml
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
-    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
-    cfgobj.update({"dressing": ["ranch", "italian"]})
-    expected["dressing"] = ["ranch", "italian"]
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-
-
-def test_parse_include():
-    """
-    Test that non-YAML handles include tags properly.
-    """
-    cfgobj = core.NMLConfig(fixture_path("include_files.nml"))
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["how_many"] == 17
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["meat"] == "beef"
-    assert len(cfgobj["config"]) == 5
-
-
-def test_parse_include_ini():
-    """
-    Test that non-YAML handles include tags properly for INI with no sections.
-    """
-    cfgobj = core.INIConfig(fixture_path("include_files.sh"), space_around_delimiters=False)
-    assert cfgobj.get("fruit") == "papaya"
-    assert cfgobj.get("how_many") == "17"
-    assert cfgobj.get("meat") == "beef"
-    assert len(cfgobj) == 5
-
-
-def test_parse_include_mult_sect():
-    """
-    Test that non-YAML handles include tags with files that have multiple sections in separate file.
-    """
-    cfgobj = core.NMLConfig(fixture_path("include_files_with_sect.nml"))
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["how_many"] == 17
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["meat"] == "beef"
-    assert cfgobj["config"]["dressing"] == "ranch"
-    assert cfgobj["setting"]["size"] == "large"
-    assert len(cfgobj["config"]) == 5
-    assert len(cfgobj["setting"]) == 3
-
-
-def test_path_if_it_exists(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that function raises an exception when the specified file does not exist, and raises no
-    exception when the file exists.
-    """
-
-    badfile = tmp_path / "no-such-file"
-    with raises(FileNotFoundError):
-        path_if_it_exists(badfile)
-    goodfile = tmp_path / "exists"
-    goodfile.touch()
-    assert path_if_it_exists(goodfile)
-
-
-def test_print_config_section_ini(capsys):
-    config_obj = core.INIConfig(fixture_path("simple3.ini"))
-    section = ["dessert"]
-    core.print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
-    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
-    expected = """
-flavor={{flavor}}
-servings=0
-side=False
-type=pie
-""".lstrip()
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-def test_print_config_section_ini_missing_section():
-    config_obj = core.INIConfig(fixture_path("simple3.ini"))
-    section = ["sandwich"]
-    msg = "Bad config path: sandwich"
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
-    assert msg in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_print_config_section_yaml(capsys):
-    config_obj = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml"))
-    section = ["sgs_tke", "profile_type"]
-    core.print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
-    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
-    expected = """
-name=fixed
-surface_value=0.0
-""".lstrip()
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-def test_print_config_section_yaml_for_nonscalar():
-    config_obj = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml"))
-    section = ["o3mr"]
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
-    assert "Non-scalar value" in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_print_config_section_yaml_list():
-    config_obj = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("srw_example.yaml"))
-    section = ["FV3GFS", "nomads", "file_names", "grib2", "anl"]
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
-    assert "must be a dictionary" in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_print_config_section_yaml_not_dict():
-    config_obj = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml"))
-    section = ["sgs_tke", "units"]
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
-    assert "must be a dictionary" in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_conversion_cfg_to_yaml(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that a .cfg file can be used to create a YAML object.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("srw_example_yaml.cfg")
-    outfile = str(tmp_path / "test_ouput.yaml")
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        output_file=outfile,
-        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-    )
-    expected = core.YAMLConfig(infile)
-    expected.dereference_all()
-    expected_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
-    expected.dump(expected_file)
-    assert compare_files(expected_file, outfile)
-    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        assert f.read()[-1] == "\n"
-
-
-def test_realize_config_depth_mismatch_to_ini(realize_config_yaml_input):
-    with raises(UWConfigError):
-        core.realize_config(
-            input_file=realize_config_yaml_input,
-            input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-            output_file=None,
-            output_format=FORMAT.ini,
-            values_file=None,
-            values_format=None,
-        )
-
-
-def test_realize_config_depth_mismatch_to_nml(realize_config_yaml_input):
-    with raises(UWConfigError):
-        core.realize_config(
-            input_file=realize_config_yaml_input,
-            input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-            output_file=None,
-            output_format=FORMAT.nml,
-            values_file=None,
-            values_format=None,
-        )
-
-
-def test_realize_config_dry_run(caplog):
-    """
-    Test that providing a YAML base file with a dry-run flag will print an YAML config file.
-    """
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    infile = fixture_path("fruit_config.yaml")
-    yaml_config = core.YAMLConfig(infile)
-    yaml_config.dereference_all()
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        output_file=None,
-        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-        dry_run=True,
-    )
-    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
-    expected = str(yaml_config)
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-def test_realize_config_field_table(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test reading a YAML config object and generating a field file table.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml")
-    outfile = str(tmp_path / "field_table_from_yaml.FV3_GFS")
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        output_file=outfile,
-        output_format=FORMAT.fieldtable,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-    )
-    with open(fixture_path("field_table.FV3_GFS_v16"), "r", encoding="utf-8") as f1:
-        with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f2:
-            reflist = [line.rstrip("\n").strip().replace("'", "") for line in f1]
-            outlist = [line.rstrip("\n").strip().replace("'", "") for line in f2]
-            lines = zip(outlist, reflist)
-            for line1, line2 in lines:
-                assert line1 in line2
-
-
-def test_realize_config_file_conversion(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test using an ini object to configure nml input -> nml output.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("simple2.nml")
-    cfgfile = fixture_path("simple2.ini")
-    outfile = str(tmp_path / "test_config_conversion.nml")
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=FORMAT.nml,
-        output_file=outfile,
-        output_format=FORMAT.nml,
-        values_file=cfgfile,
-        values_format=FORMAT.ini,
-    )
-    expected = core.NMLConfig(infile)
-    config_obj = core.INIConfig(cfgfile)
-    expected.update_values(config_obj)
-    expected_file = tmp_path / "expected.nml"
-    expected.dump(expected_file)
-    assert compare_files(expected_file, outfile)
-    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        assert f.read()[-1] == "\n"
-
-
-def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_nml2nml(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing a namelist base input file and a config file will create and update namelist
-    config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt("simple.nml", FORMAT.nml, "simple2.nml", FORMAT.nml, tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_ini2bash(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing an INI base input file and a Bash config file will create and update INI
-    config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt("simple.ini", FORMAT.ini, "fruit_config.sh", FORMAT.ini, tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_ini2ini(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing an INI base input file and an INI config file will create and update INI
-    config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt("simple.ini", FORMAT.ini, "simple2.ini", FORMAT.ini, tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_yaml2yaml(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing a YAML base input file and a YAML config file will create and update YAML
-    config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt(
-        "fruit_config.yaml", FORMAT.yaml, "fruit_config_similar.yaml", FORMAT.yaml, tmp_path
-    )
-
-
-def test_realize_config_incompatible_file_type():
-    """
-    Test that providing an incompatible file type for input base file will return print statement.
-    """
-    with raises(UWConfigError):
-        core.realize_config(
-            input_file=fixture_path("model_configure.sample"),
-            input_format="sample",
-            output_file=None,
-            output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-            values_file=None,
-            values_format=None,
-        )
-
-
-def test_realize_config_output_file_conversion(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that --output-input-type converts config object to desired object type.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("simple.nml")
-    outfile = str(tmp_path / "test_ouput.cfg")
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=FORMAT.nml,
-        output_file=outfile,
-        output_format=FORMAT.nml,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-    )
-    expected = core.NMLConfig(infile)
-    expected_file = tmp_path / "expected.nml"
-    expected.dump(expected_file)
-    assert compare_files(expected_file, outfile)
-    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        assert f.read()[-1] == "\n"
-
-
-def test_realize_config_simple_bash(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing a bash file with necessary settings will create an INI config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_simple("simple.sh", FORMAT.ini, tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_simple_namelist(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing a namelist file with necessary settings will create a namelist config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_simple("simple.nml", FORMAT.nml, tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_simple_ini(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing an INI file with necessary settings will create an INI config file.
-    """
-
-    help_realize_config_simple("simple.ini", FORMAT.ini, tmp_path)
-
-
-def test_realize_config_simple_yaml(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that providing a YAML base file with necessary settings will create a YAML config file.
-    """
-    help_realize_config_simple("simple2.yaml", FORMAT.yaml, tmp_path)
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt", ["ini", "nml"])
-def test__realize_config_check_depths_fail_nml(fmt, realize_config_testobj):
-    with raises(UWConfigError):
-        core._realize_config_check_depths(input_obj=realize_config_testobj, output_format=fmt)
-
-
-def test__realize_config_update_noop(realize_config_testobj):
-    assert realize_config_testobj == core._realize_config_update(
-        input_obj=realize_config_testobj, values_file=None, values_format=None
-    )
-
-
-def test__realize_config_update(realize_config_testobj, tmp_path):
-    o = realize_config_testobj
-    assert o.depth == 3
-    path = tmp_path / "values.yaml"
-    with writable(path) as f:
-        yaml.dump({1: {2: {3: {4: 99}}}}, f)  # depth 4
-    o = core._realize_config_update(input_obj=o, values_file=path, values_format=FORMAT.yaml)
-    assert o.depth == 4
-    assert o[1][2][3][4] == 99
-
-
-def test__realize_config_values_needed(caplog, tmp_path):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
-    with writable(path) as f:
-        yaml.dump({1: "complete", 2: "{{ jinja2 }}", 3: ""}, f)
-    c = core.YAMLConfig(config_file=path)
-    core._realize_config_values_needed(input_obj=c)
-    msgs = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
-    assert "Keys that are complete:\n    1" in msgs
-    assert "Keys that have unfilled Jinja2 templates:\n    2" in msgs
-    assert "Keys that are set to empty:\n    3" in msgs
-
-
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt1", [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.yaml])
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt2", [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.yaml])
-def test_transform_config(fmt1, fmt2, tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that transforms config objects to objects of other config subclasses.
-    """
-    outfile = tmp_path / f"test_{fmt1.lower()}to{fmt2.lower()}_dump.{fmt2}"
-    reference = fixture_path(f"simple.{fmt2}")
-    cfgin = core.format_to_config(fmt1)(fixture_path(f"simple.{fmt1}"))
-    core.format_to_config(fmt2).dump_dict(path=outfile, cfg=cfgin.data)
-    with open(reference, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f1:
-        reflines = [line.strip().replace("'", "") for line in f1]
-    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f2:
-        outlines = [line.strip().replace("'", "") for line in f2]
-    for line1, line2 in zip(reflines, outlines):
-        assert line1 == line2
-
-
-def test_values_needed_ini(caplog):
-    """
-    Test that the values_needed flag logs keys completed, keys containing unfilled Jinja2 templates,
-    and keys set to empty.
-    """
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=fixture_path("simple3.ini"),
-        input_format=FORMAT.ini,
-        output_file=None,
-        output_format=FORMAT.ini,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-        values_needed=True,
-    )
-    expected = """
-Keys that are complete:
-    salad
-    salad.base
-    salad.fruit
-    salad.vegetable
-    salad.dressing
-    dessert
-    dessert.type
-    dessert.side
-    dessert.servings
-
-Keys that have unfilled Jinja2 templates:
-    salad.how_many: {{amount}}
-    dessert.flavor: {{flavor}}
-
-Keys that are set to empty:
-    salad.toppings
-    salad.meat
-""".strip()
-    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-def test_values_needed_nml(caplog):
-    """
-    Test that the values_needed flag logs keys completed, keys containing unfilled Jinja2 templates,
-    and keys set to empty.
-    """
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=fixture_path("simple3.nml"),
-        input_format=FORMAT.nml,
-        output_file=None,
-        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-        values_needed=True,
-    )
-    expected = """
-Keys that are complete:
-    salad
-    salad.base
-    salad.fruit
-    salad.vegetable
-    salad.how_many
-    salad.extras
-    salad.dessert
-
-Keys that have unfilled Jinja2 templates:
-    salad.dressing: {{ dressing }}
-
-Keys that are set to empty:
-    salad.toppings
-    salad.appetizer
-""".strip()
-    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-def test_values_needed_yaml(caplog):
-    """
-    Test that the values_needed flag logs keys completed, keys containing unfilled Jinja2 templates,
-    and keys set to empty.
-    """
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=fixture_path("srw_example.yaml"),
-        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        output_file=None,
-        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-        values_needed=True,
-    )
-    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
-    expected = """
-Keys that are complete:
-    FV3GFS
-    FV3GFS.nomads
-    FV3GFS.nomads.protocol
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.testfalse
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.testzero
-
-Keys that have unfilled Jinja2 templates:
-    FV3GFS.nomads.url: https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/gfs.{{ yyyymmdd }}/{{ hh }}/atmos
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2.anl: ['gfs.t{{ hh }}z.atmanl.nemsio','gfs.t{{ hh }}z.sfcanl.nemsio']
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2.fcst: ['gfs.t{{ hh }}z.pgrb2.0p25.f{{ fcst_hr03d }}']
-
-Keys that are set to empty:
-    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.nemsio
-    FV3GFS.nomads.testempty
-""".strip()
-    assert actual == expected
-
-
-def test_yaml_config_composite_types():
-    """
-    Test that YAML load and dump work with a YAML file that has multiple data structures and levels.
-    """
-    cfgobj = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("result4.yaml"))
-
-    assert cfgobj["step_cycle"] == "PT6H"
-    assert isinstance(cfgobj["init_cycle"], datetime.datetime)
-
-    generic_repos = cfgobj["generic_repos"]
-    assert isinstance(generic_repos, list)
-    assert isinstance(generic_repos[0], dict)
-    assert generic_repos[0]["branch"] == "develop"
-
-    models = cfgobj["models"]
-    assert models[0]["config"]["vertical_resolution"] == 64
-
-
-def test_yaml_config_include_files():
-    """
-    Test that including files via the include constructor works as expected.
-    """
-    cfgobj = core.YAMLConfig(fixture_path("include_files.yaml"))
-
-    # 1-file include tests.
-
-    assert cfgobj["salad"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
-    assert cfgobj["salad"]["how_many"] == 17
-    assert len(cfgobj["salad"]) == 4
-
-    # 2-file test, checking that values provided by the first file are replaced
-    # by values from the second file. There should be 7 items under two_files.
-
-    assert cfgobj["two_files"]["fruit"] == "papaya"
-    assert cfgobj["two_files"]["vegetable"] == "peas"
-    assert len(cfgobj["two_files"]) == 7
-
-    # 2-file test, but with included files reversed.
-
-    assert cfgobj["reverse_files"]["vegetable"] == "eggplant"
-
-
-def test_yaml_config_simple(tmp_path):
-    """
-    Test that YAML load, update, and dump work with a basic YAML file.
-    """
-    infile = fixture_path("simple2.yaml")
-    outfile = tmp_path / "outfile.yml"
-    cfgobj = core.YAMLConfig(infile)
-    expected = {
-        "account": "user_account",
-        "extra_stuff": 12345,
-        "jobname": "abcd",
-        "nodes": 1,
-        "queue": "bos",
-        "scheduler": "slurm",
-        "tasks_per_node": 4,
-        "walltime": "00:01:00",
-    }
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-    cfgobj.dump(outfile)
-    assert filecmp.cmp(infile, outfile)
-    cfgobj.update({"nodes": 12})
-    expected["nodes"] = 12
-    assert cfgobj == expected
-
-
-def test_yaml_constructor_error_no_quotes(tmp_path):
-    # Test that Jinja2 template without quotes raises UWConfigError.
-
-    tmpfile = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
-    with tmpfile.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write(
-            """
-foo: {{ bar }}
-bar: 2
-"""
-        )
-    with raises(exceptions.UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.YAMLConfig(tmpfile)
-    assert "value is enclosed in quotes" in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_yaml_constructor_error_unregistered_constructor(tmp_path):
-    # Test that unregistered constructor raises UWConfigError.
-
-    tmpfile = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
-    with tmpfile.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write("foo: !not_a_constructor bar")
-    with raises(exceptions.UWConfigError) as e:
-        core.YAMLConfig(tmpfile)
-    assert "constructor: '!not_a_constructor'" in str(e.value)
-    assert "Define the constructor before proceeding" in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_Config___repr__(capsys, nml_cfgobj):
-    print(nml_cfgobj)
-    assert yaml.safe_load(capsys.readouterr().out)["nl"]["n"] == 88
-
-
-def test_Config_characterize_values(nml_cfgobj):
-    d = {1: "", 2: None, 3: "{{ n }}", 4: {"a": 88}, 5: [{"b": 99}], 6: "string"}
-    complete, empty, template = nml_cfgobj.characterize_values(values=d, parent="p")
-    assert complete == ["    p4", "    p4.a", "    p5", "    pb", "    p6"]
-    assert empty == ["    p1", "    p2"]
-    assert template == ["    p3: {{ n }}"]
-
-
-def test_Config_reify_scalar_str(nml_cfgobj):
-    for x in ["true", "yes", "TRUE"]:
-        assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str(x) is True
-    for x in ["false", "no", "FALSE"]:
-        assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str(x) is False
-    assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str("88") == 88
-    assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str("'88'") == "88"  # quoted int not converted
-    assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str("3.14") == 3.14
-    assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str("NA") == "NA"  # no conversion
-    assert nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str("@[foo]") == "@[foo]"  # no conversion for YAML exceptions
-    with raises(AttributeError) as e:
-        nml_cfgobj.reify_scalar_str([1, 2, 3])
-    assert "'list' object has no attribute 'read'" in str(e.value)  # Exception on unintended list
-
-
-def test_Config_dereference_unexpected_error(nml_cfgobj):
-    exctype = FloatingPointError
-    with patch.object(core.J2Template, "render", side_effect=exctype):
-        with raises(exctype):
-            nml_cfgobj.dereference(ref_dict={"n": "{{ n }}"})
-
-
-def test_Config_from_ordereddict(nml_cfgobj):
-    d: dict[Any, Any] = OrderedDict([("z", 26), ("a", OrderedDict([("alpha", 1)]))])
-    d = nml_cfgobj.from_ordereddict(d)
-    # Assert that every OrderedDict is now just a dict. The second assert is needed because
-    # isinstance(OrderedDict(), dict) is True.
-    for x in d, d["a"]:
-        assert isinstance(x, dict)
-        assert not isinstance(x, OrderedDict)
-
-
-def test_YAMLConfig__load_unexpected_error(tmp_path):
-    cfgfile = tmp_path / "cfg.yaml"
-    with open(cfgfile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        print("{n: 88}", file=f)
-    with patch.object(core.yaml, "load") as load:
-        msg = "Unexpected error"
-        load.side_effect = yaml.constructor.ConstructorError(note=msg)
-        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-            core.YAMLConfig(config_file=cfgfile)
-        assert msg in str(e.value)
-
-
-def test_YAMLConfig__load_paths_failure_stdin_plus_relpath(caplog):
-    # Instantiate a YAMLConfig with no input file, triggering a read from stdin. Patch stdin to
-    # provide YAML with an include directive specifying a relative path. Since a relative path
-    # is meaningless relative to stdin, assert that an appropriate error is logged and exception
-    # raised.
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    relpath = "../bar/baz.yaml"
-    with patch.object(core.sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(f"foo: {core.INCLUDE_TAG} [{relpath}]")):
-        with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-            core.YAMLConfig()
-    msg = f"Reading from stdin, a relative path was encountered: {relpath}"
-    assert msg in str(e.value)
-    assert logged(caplog, msg)
-
-
-def test__log_and_error():
-    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
-        raise core._log_and_error("Must be scalar value")
-    assert "Must be scalar value" in str(e.value)
-
-
-# Helper functions
-
-
-@fixture
-def compare_configs_assets(tmp_path):
-    d = {"foo": {"bar": 88}, "baz": {"qux": 99}}
-    a = tmp_path / "a"
-    b = tmp_path / "b"
-    with writable(a) as f:
-        yaml.dump(d, f)
-    with writable(b) as f:
-        yaml.dump(d, f)
-    return d, a, b
-
-
-def help_realize_config_fmt2fmt(infn, infmt, cfgfn, cfgfmt, tmpdir):
-    infile = fixture_path(infn)
-    cfgfile = fixture_path(cfgfn)
-    ext = Path(infile).suffix
-    outfile = str(tmpdir / f"outfile{ext}")
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=infmt,
-        output_file=outfile,
-        output_format=infmt,
-        values_file=cfgfile,
-        values_format=cfgfmt,
-    )
-    cfgclass = core.format_to_config(infmt)
-    cfgobj = cfgclass(infile)
-    cfgobj.update_values(cfgclass(cfgfile))
-    reference = tmpdir / "expected"
-    cfgobj.dump(reference)
-    assert compare_files(reference, outfile)
-
-
-def help_realize_config_simple(infn, infmt, tmpdir):
-    infile = fixture_path(infn)
-    ext = Path(infile).suffix
-    outfile = str(tmpdir / f"outfile{ext}")
-    core.realize_config(
-        input_file=infile,
-        input_format=infmt,
-        output_file=outfile,
-        output_format=infmt,
-        values_file=None,
-        values_format=None,
-    )
-    cfgobj = core.format_to_config(infmt)(infile)
-    reference = tmpdir / f"reference{ext}"
-    cfgobj.dump(reference)
-    assert compare_files(reference, outfile)
-
-
-@fixture
-def nml_cfgobj(tmp_path):
-    # Use NMLConfig to exercise methods in Config abstract base class.
-    path = tmp_path / "cfg.nml"
-    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write("&nl n = 88 /")
-    return core.NMLConfig(config_file=path)
-
-
-@fixture
-def realize_config_testobj(realize_config_yaml_input):
-    return core.YAMLConfig(config_file=realize_config_yaml_input)
-
-
-@fixture
-def realize_config_yaml_input(tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
-    d = {1: {2: {3: 88}}}  # depth 3
-    with writable(path) as f:
-        yaml.dump(d, f)
-    return path
-
-
-@fixture
-def salad_base():
-    return {
-        "salad": {
-            "base": "kale",
-            "fruit": "banana",
-            "vegetable": "tomato",
-            "how_many": 12,
-            "dressing": "balsamic",
-        }
-    }
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_j2template.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_j2template.py
deleted file mode 100644
index c9ad33f81..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_j2template.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
-"""
-Tests for uwtools.j2template module.
-"""
-
-from types import SimpleNamespace as ns
-
-from pytest import fixture, raises
-
-from uwtools.config.j2template import J2Template
-
-
-@fixture
-def testdata():
-    return ns(
-        config={"greeting": "Hello", "recipient": "the world"},
-        template="{{greeting}} to {{recipient}}",
-    )
-
-
-def validate(template):
-    assert template._values.get("greeting") == "Hello"
-    assert template._values.get("recipient") == "the world"
-    assert template.render() == "Hello to the world"
-    assert template.undeclared_variables == {"greeting", "recipient"}
-
-
-def test_bad_args(testdata):
-    # It is an error to pass in neither a template path or a template string.
-    with raises(RuntimeError):
-        J2Template(testdata.config)
-
-
-def test_dump(testdata, tmp_path):
-    path = str(tmp_path / "rendered.txt")
-    j2template = J2Template(testdata.config, template_str=testdata.template)
-    j2template.dump(output_path=path)
-    with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        assert f.read().strip() == "Hello to the world"
-
-
-def test_render_file(testdata, tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "template.jinja2"
-    with path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        print(testdata.template, file=f)
-    validate(J2Template(testdata.config, template_path=str(path)))
-
-
-def test_render_string(testdata):
-    validate(J2Template(testdata.config, template_str=testdata.template))
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_jinja2.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_jinja2.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae04b59d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_jinja2.py
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.jinja2 module.
+"""
+
+import logging
+import os
+from types import SimpleNamespace as ns
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+from jinja2 import DebugUndefined, Environment, UndefinedError
+from pytest import fixture, raises
+
+from uwtools.config import jinja2
+from uwtools.config.jinja2 import J2Template
+from uwtools.config.support import TaggedString
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import logged, regex_logged
+
+# Fixtures
+
+
+@fixture
+def deref_render_assets():
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    return "{{ greeting + ' ' + recipient }}", {"greeting": "hello"}, {"recipient": "world"}
+
+
+@fixture
+def template(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "template.jinja2"
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write("roses are {{roses_color}}, violets are {{violets_color}}")
+    return str(path)
+
+
+@fixture
+def values_file(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "values.yaml"
+    yaml = """
+roses_color: red
+violets_color: blue
+cannot:
+    override: this
+""".strip()
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(yaml)
+    return str(path)
+
+
+# Helpers
+
+
+def render_helper(input_file, values_file, **kwargs):
+    jinja2.render(
+        input_file=input_file,
+        values=values_file,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+
+
+def validate(template):
+    assert template._values.get("greeting") == "Hello"
+    assert template._values.get("recipient") == "the world"
+    assert template.render() == "Hello to the world"
+    assert template.undeclared_variables == {"greeting", "recipient"}
+
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_dereference_local_values():
+    # Rendering can use values from the local contents of the enclosing dict, but are shadowed by
+    # values from the top-level context object.
+    val = {
+        "color": "blue",
+        "apple": {
+            "color": "red",
+            "description": "A {{ color }} apple",  # top-level "color" will be used
+        },
+        "banana": {
+            "description": "A banana, {{ state }}",  # local "state" will be used
+            "state": "unpeeled",
+        },
+    }
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context=val) == {
+        "color": "blue",
+        "apple": {"color": "red", "description": "A blue apple"},
+        "banana": {"description": "A banana, unpeeled", "state": "unpeeled"},
+    }
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("val", (True, 3.14, 88, None))
+def test_dereference_no_op(val):
+    # These types of values pass through dereferencing unmodified:
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context={}) == val
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "logmsg,val",
+    [
+        ("can only concatenate", "{{ 'str' + 11 }}"),
+        ("'n' is undefined", "{{ n }}"),
+        ("'as' is undefined", "{% for a in as %}{{ a }}{% endfor %}"),
+        ("division by zero", "{{ 1 / 0 }}"),
+    ],
+)
+def test_dereference_no_op_due_to_error(caplog, logmsg, val):
+    # Erroneous inputs cause:
+    #   - A type error due to + operating on a str and an int.
+    #   - An undefined error due to reference to a non-existent value.
+    #   - An undefined error in a loop expression.
+    #   - A division-by-zero error.
+    # The unrenderable expression is returned unmodified.
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context={})
+    assert regex_logged(caplog, logmsg)
+
+
+def test_dereference_str_expression_rendered():
+    # Context permitting, Jinja2 expressions are rendered:
+    val = "{% for a in as %}{{ a }}{% endfor %}"
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context={"as": ["a", "b", "c"]}) == "abc"
+
+
+def test_dereference_str_filter_rendered():
+    val = "{{ ['hello', recipient] | join(', ') }}"
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context={"recipient": "world"}) == "hello, world"
+
+
+def test_derefrence_str_variable_rendered_mixed():
+    # A mixed result remains a str.
+    val = "{{ n }} is an {{ t }}"
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context={"n": 88, "t": "int"}) == "88 is an int"
+
+
+def test_dereference_str_variable_rendered_str():
+    # A pure str result remains a str.
+    val = "{{ greeting }}"
+    assert jinja2.dereference(val=val, context={"greeting": "hello"}) == "hello"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("key", ["foo", "bar"])
+def test_register_filters_path_join(key):
+    s = "{{ ['dir', %s] | path_join }}" % key
+    template = jinja2._register_filters(Environment(undefined=DebugUndefined)).from_string(s)
+    context = {"foo": "subdir"}
+    if key in context:
+        template.render(**context)  # path_join filter succeeds
+    else:
+        with raises(UndefinedError):
+            template.render(**context)  # path_join filter fails
+
+
+def test_render(values_file, template, tmp_path):
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
+    render_helper(input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file=outfile)
+    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        assert f.read().strip() == "roses are red, violets are blue"
+
+
+def test_render_calls__dry_run(template, tmp_path, values_file):
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
+    with patch.object(jinja2, "_dry_run_template") as dr:
+        render_helper(
+            input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file=outfile, dry_run=True
+        )
+        dr.assert_called_once_with("roses are red, violets are blue")
+
+
+def test_render_calls__log_missing(template, tmp_path, values_file):
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
+    with open(values_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        cfgobj = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
+    del cfgobj["roses_color"]
+    with open(values_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(yaml.dump(cfgobj))
+
+    with patch.object(jinja2, "_log_missing_values") as lmv:
+        render_helper(
+            input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file=outfile, dry_run=True
+        )
+        lmv.assert_called_once_with(["roses_color"])
+
+
+def test_render_calls__values_needed(template, tmp_path, values_file):
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
+    with patch.object(jinja2, "_values_needed") as vn:
+        render_helper(
+            input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file=outfile, values_needed=True
+        )
+        vn.assert_called_once_with({"roses_color", "violets_color"})
+
+
+def test_render_calls__write(template, tmp_path, values_file):
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
+    with patch.object(jinja2, "_write_template") as write:
+        render_helper(input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file=outfile)
+        write.assert_called_once_with(outfile, "roses are red, violets are blue")
+
+
+def test_render_dry_run(caplog, template, values_file):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    render_helper(
+        input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file="/dev/null", dry_run=True
+    )
+    assert logged(caplog, "roses are red, violets are blue")
+
+
+def test_render_values_missing(caplog, template, values_file):
+    # Read in the config, remove the "roses" key, then re-write it.
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    with open(values_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        cfgobj = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
+    del cfgobj["roses_color"]
+    with open(values_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(yaml.dump(cfgobj))
+    render_helper(input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file="/dev/null")
+    assert logged(caplog, "Required value(s) not provided:")
+    assert logged(caplog, "roses_color")
+
+
+def test_render_values_needed(caplog, template, values_file):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    render_helper(
+        input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file="/dev/null", values_needed=True
+    )
+    for var in ("roses_color", "violets_color"):
+        assert logged(caplog, var)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("tag", ["!float", "!int"])
+def test__deref_convert_no(caplog, tag):
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    loader = yaml.SafeLoader(os.devnull)
+    val = TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag=tag, value="foo"))
+    assert jinja2._deref_convert(val=val) == val
+    assert not regex_logged(caplog, "Converted")
+    assert regex_logged(caplog, "Conversion failed")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("converted,tag,value", [(3.14, "!float", "3.14"), (88, "!int", "88")])
+def test__deref_convert_ok(caplog, converted, tag, value):
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    loader = yaml.SafeLoader(os.devnull)
+    val = TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag=tag, value=value))
+    assert jinja2._deref_convert(val=val) == converted
+    assert regex_logged(caplog, "Converted")
+    assert not regex_logged(caplog, "Conversion failed")
+
+
+def test__deref_debug(caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    jinja2._deref_debug(action="Frobnicated", val="foo")
+    assert logged(caplog, "[dereference] Frobnicated: foo")
+
+
+def test__deref_render_no(caplog, deref_render_assets):
+    val, context, _ = deref_render_assets
+    assert jinja2._deref_render(val=val, context=context) == val
+    assert not regex_logged(caplog, "Rendered")
+    assert regex_logged(caplog, "Rendering failed")
+
+
+def test__deref_render_ok(caplog, deref_render_assets):
+    val, context, local = deref_render_assets
+    assert jinja2._deref_render(val=val, context=context, local=local) == "hello world"
+    assert regex_logged(caplog, "Rendered")
+    assert not regex_logged(caplog, "Rendering failed")
+
+
+def test__dry_run_template(caplog):
+    jinja2._dry_run_template("roses are red\nviolets are blue")
+    assert logged(caplog, "roses are red")
+    assert logged(caplog, "violets are blue")
+
+
+def test__log_missing_values(caplog):
+    missing = ["roses_color", "violets_color"]
+    result = jinja2._log_missing_values(missing)
+    assert result is False
+    assert logged(caplog, "Required value(s) not provided:")
+    assert logged(caplog, "roses_color")
+    assert logged(caplog, "violets_color")
+
+
+def test__report(caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    expected = """
+Internal arguments:
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+             foo: bar
+longish_variable: 88
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+""".strip()
+    jinja2._report(dict(foo="bar", longish_variable=88))
+    assert "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records) == expected
+
+
+def test__set_up_config_obj_env():
+    expected = {"roses_color": "white", "violets_color": "blue"}
+    with patch.dict(os.environ, expected, clear=True):
+        actual = jinja2._set_up_values_obj()
+    assert actual["roses_color"] == "white"
+    assert actual["violets_color"] == "blue"
+
+
+def test__set_up_config_obj_file(values_file):
+    expected = {"roses_color": "white", "violets_color": "blue", "cannot": {"override": "this"}}
+    actual = jinja2._set_up_values_obj(values_file=values_file, overrides={"roses_color": "white"})
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test__values_needed(caplog):
+    undeclared_variables = {"roses_color", "lavender_smell"}
+    result = jinja2._values_needed(undeclared_variables)
+    assert result is True
+    assert logged(caplog, "Value(s) needed to render this template are:")
+    assert logged(caplog, "roses_color")
+    assert logged(caplog, "lavender_smell")
+
+
+def test__write_template_to_file(tmp_path):
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
+    jinja2._write_template(outfile, "roses are red, violets are blue")
+    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        assert f.read().strip() == "roses are red, violets are blue"
+
+
+def test__write_template_stdout(capsys):
+    jinja2._write_template(None, "roses are red, violets are blue")
+    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
+    expected = "roses are red, violets are blue"
+    assert actual.strip() == expected
+
+
+class Test_Jinja2Template:
+    """
+    Tests for class uwtools.config.jinja2.Jinja2Template.
+    """
+
+    @fixture
+    def testdata(self):
+        return ns(
+            config={"greeting": "Hello", "recipient": "the world"},
+            template="{{greeting}} to {{recipient}}",
+        )
+
+    def test_dump(self, testdata, tmp_path):
+        path = tmp_path / "rendered.txt"
+        j2template = J2Template(values=testdata.config, template_source=testdata.template)
+        j2template.dump(output_path=path)
+        with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            assert f.read().strip() == "Hello to the world"
+
+    def test_render_file(self, testdata, tmp_path):
+        path = tmp_path / "template.jinja2"
+        with path.open("w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            print(testdata.template, file=f)
+        validate(J2Template(values=testdata.config, template_source=path))
+
+    def test_render_string(self, testdata):
+        validate(J2Template(values=testdata.config, template_source=testdata.template))
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_support.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_support.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b41300fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_support.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.jinja2 module.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+from pytest import fixture, raises
+
+from uwtools.config import support
+from uwtools.config.formats.fieldtable import FieldTableConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.ini import INIConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.nml import NMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.sh import SHConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import logged
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "d,n", [({1: 88}, 1), ({1: {2: 88}}, 2), ({1: {2: {3: 88}}}, 3), ({1: {}}, 2)]
+)
+def test_depth(d, n):
+    assert support.depth(d) == n
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "cfgtype,fmt",
+    [
+        (FieldTableConfig, FORMAT.fieldtable),
+        (INIConfig, FORMAT.ini),
+        (NMLConfig, FORMAT.nml),
+        (SHConfig, FORMAT.sh),
+        (YAMLConfig, FORMAT.yaml),
+    ],
+)
+def test_format_to_config(cfgtype, fmt):
+    assert support.format_to_config(fmt) is cfgtype
+
+
+def test_format_to_config_fail():
+    with raises(UWConfigError):
+        support.format_to_config("no-such-config-type")
+
+
+def test_log_and_error(caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.ERROR)
+    msg = "Something bad happened"
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        raise support.log_and_error(msg)
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+
+
+class Test_TaggedString:
+    """
+    Tests for class uwtools.config.support.TaggedString.
+    """
+
+    def comp(self, ts: support.TaggedString, s: str):
+        assert yaml.dump(ts, default_flow_style=True).strip() == s
+
+    @fixture
+    def loader(self):
+        yaml.add_representer(support.TaggedString, support.TaggedString.represent)
+        return YAMLConfig(config={})._yaml_loader
+
+    # These tests bypass YAML parsing, constructing nodes with explicit string values. They then
+    # demonstrate that those nodes' convert() methods return representations in type type specified
+    # by the tag.
+
+    def test_float_no(self, loader):
+        ts = support.TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag="!float", value="foo"))
+        with raises(ValueError):
+            ts.convert()
+
+    def test_float_ok(self, loader):
+        ts = support.TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag="!float", value="3.14"))
+        assert ts.convert() == 3.14
+        self.comp(ts, "!float '3.14'")
+
+    def test_int_no(self, loader):
+        ts = support.TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag="!int", value="foo"))
+        with raises(ValueError):
+            ts.convert()
+
+    def test_int_ok(self, loader):
+        ts = support.TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag="!int", value="88"))
+        assert ts.convert() == 88
+        self.comp(ts, "!int '88'")
+
+    def test___repr__(self, loader):
+        ts = support.TaggedString(loader, yaml.ScalarNode(tag="!int", value="88"))
+        assert str(ts) == "!int 88"
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_templater.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_templater.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 497685678..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_templater.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
-"""
-Tests for uwtools.utils.templater module.
-"""
-
-import logging
-import os
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-import yaml
-from pytest import fixture
-
-from uwtools.config import templater
-from uwtools.tests.support import logged
-
-
-@fixture
-def values_file(tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "values.yaml"
-    yaml = """
-roses: red
-violets: blue
-cannot:
-    override: this
-"""
-    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write(yaml)
-    return str(path)
-
-
-@fixture
-def template(tmp_path):
-    path = tmp_path / "template.jinja2"
-    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write("roses are {{roses}}, violets are {{violets}}")
-    return str(path)
-
-
-def render_helper(input_file, values_file, **kwargs):
-    templater.render(
-        input_file=input_file,
-        values_file=values_file,
-        **kwargs,
-    )
-
-
-def test_render(values_file, template, tmp_path):
-    outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.txt")
-    render_helper(input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file=outfile)
-    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        assert f.read().strip() == "roses are red, violets are blue"
-
-
-def test_render_dry_run(caplog, values_file, template):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    render_helper(
-        input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file="/dev/null", dry_run=True
-    )
-    assert logged(caplog, "roses are red, violets are blue")
-
-
-def test_render_values_missing(caplog, values_file, template):
-    # Read in the config, remove the "roses" key, then re-write it.
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    with open(values_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        cfgobj = yaml.safe_load(f.read())
-    del cfgobj["roses"]
-    with open(values_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-        f.write(yaml.dump(cfgobj))
-    render_helper(input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file="/dev/null")
-    assert logged(caplog, "Required value(s) not provided:")
-    assert logged(caplog, "roses")
-
-
-def test_render_values_needed(caplog, values_file, template):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    render_helper(
-        input_file=template, values_file=values_file, output_file="/dev/null", values_needed=True
-    )
-    for var in ("roses", "violets"):
-        assert logged(caplog, var)
-
-
-def test__report(caplog):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
-    expected = """
-Internal arguments:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-             foo: bar
-longish_variable: 88
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-""".strip()
-    templater._report(dict(foo="bar", longish_variable=88))
-    assert "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records) == expected
-
-
-def test__set_up_config_obj_env():
-    expected = {"roses": "white", "violets": "blue"}
-    with patch.dict(os.environ, expected):
-        actual = templater._set_up_values_obj()
-    assert actual["roses"] == "white"
-    assert actual["violets"] == "blue"
-
-
-def test__set_up_config_obj_file(values_file):
-    expected = {"roses": "white", "violets": "blue", "cannot": {"override": "this"}}
-    actual = templater._set_up_values_obj(values_file=values_file, overrides={"roses": "white"})
-    assert actual == expected
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_tools.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_tools.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..313fc7b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_tools.py
@@ -0,0 +1,694 @@
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
+"""
+Tests for uwtools.config.tools module.
+"""
+
+import logging
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+import yaml
+from pytest import fixture, raises
+
+from uwtools.config import tools
+from uwtools.config.formats.ini import INIConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.nml import NMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.support import depth
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError, UWError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import compare_files, fixture_path, logged
+from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT, writable
+
+# Fixtures
+
+
+@fixture
+def compare_configs_assets(tmp_path):
+    d = {"foo": {"bar": 88}, "baz": {"qux": 99}}
+    a = tmp_path / "a"
+    b = tmp_path / "b"
+    with writable(a) as f:
+        yaml.dump(d, f)
+    with writable(b) as f:
+        yaml.dump(d, f)
+    return d, a, b
+
+
+@fixture
+def realize_config_testobj(realize_config_yaml_input):
+    return YAMLConfig(config=realize_config_yaml_input)
+
+
+@fixture
+def realize_config_yaml_input(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    d = {1: {2: {3: 88}}}  # depth 3
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump(d, f)
+    return path
+
+
+# Helpers
+
+
+def help_realize_config_fmt2fmt(infn, infmt, cfgfn, tmpdir):
+    infile = fixture_path(infn)
+    cfgfile = fixture_path(cfgfn)
+    ext = Path(infile).suffix
+    outfile = str(tmpdir / f"outfile{ext}")
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=infile,
+        input_format=infmt,
+        output_file=outfile,
+        output_format=infmt,
+        supplemental_configs=[cfgfile],
+    )
+    cfgclass = tools.format_to_config(infmt)
+    cfgobj = cfgclass(infile)
+    cfgobj.update_values(cfgclass(cfgfile))
+    reference = str(tmpdir / f"expected{ext}")
+    cfgobj.dump(reference)
+    assert compare_files(reference, outfile)
+
+
+def help_realize_config_simple(infn, infmt, tmpdir):
+    infile = fixture_path(infn)
+    ext = Path(infile).suffix
+    outfile = str(tmpdir / f"outfile{ext}")
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=infile,
+        input_format=infmt,
+        output_file=outfile,
+        output_format=infmt,
+    )
+    cfgobj = tools.format_to_config(infmt)(infile)
+    reference = tmpdir / f"reference{ext}"
+    cfgobj.dump(reference)
+    assert compare_files(reference, outfile)
+
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_compare_configs_good(compare_configs_assets, caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    _, a, b = compare_configs_assets
+    assert tools.compare_configs(
+        config_1_path=a, config_1_format=FORMAT.yaml, config_2_path=b, config_2_format=FORMAT.yaml
+    )
+    assert caplog.records
+
+
+def test_compare_configs_changed_value(compare_configs_assets, caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    d, a, b = compare_configs_assets
+    d["baz"]["qux"] = 11
+    with writable(b) as f:
+        yaml.dump(d, f)
+    assert not tools.compare_configs(
+        config_1_path=a, config_1_format=FORMAT.yaml, config_2_path=b, config_2_format=FORMAT.yaml
+    )
+    assert logged(caplog, "baz:             qux:  - 99 + 11")
+
+
+def test_compare_configs_missing_key(compare_configs_assets, caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    d, a, b = compare_configs_assets
+    del d["baz"]
+    with writable(b) as f:
+        yaml.dump(d, f)
+    # Note that a and b are swapped:
+    assert not tools.compare_configs(
+        config_1_path=b, config_1_format=FORMAT.yaml, config_2_path=a, config_2_format=FORMAT.yaml
+    )
+    assert logged(caplog, "baz:             qux:  - None + 99")
+
+
+def test_compare_configs_bad_format(caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    assert not tools.compare_configs(
+        config_1_path="/not/used",
+        config_1_format="jpg",
+        config_2_path="/not/used",
+        config_2_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+    )
+    msg = "Formats do not match: jpg vs yaml"
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+
+
+def test_config_check_depths_realize_fail(caplog, realize_config_testobj):
+    depthin = depth(realize_config_testobj.data)
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools.config_check_depths_realize(
+            config_obj=realize_config_testobj, target_format=FORMAT.ini
+        )
+    msg = f"Cannot realize depth-{depthin} config to type-'ini' config"
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_config_check_depths_update_fail(caplog, realize_config_testobj):
+    depthin = depth(realize_config_testobj.data)
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools.config_check_depths_update(
+            config_obj=realize_config_testobj, target_format=FORMAT.ini
+        )
+    msg = f"Cannot update depth-{depthin} config to type-'ini' config"
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_conversion_cfg_to_yaml(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that a .cfg file can be used to create a YAML object.
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("srw_example_yaml.cfg")
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "test_ouput.yaml")
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=infile,
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_file=outfile,
+        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+    )
+    expected = YAMLConfig(infile)
+    expected.dereference()
+    expected_file = tmp_path / "test.yaml"
+    expected.dump(expected_file)
+    assert compare_files(expected_file, outfile)
+    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        assert f.read()[-1] == "\n"
+
+
+def test_realize_config_depth_mismatch_to_ini(realize_config_yaml_input):
+    with raises(UWConfigError):
+        tools.realize_config(
+            input_config=realize_config_yaml_input,
+            input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+            output_format=FORMAT.ini,
+        )
+
+
+def test_realize_config_depth_mismatch_to_sh(realize_config_yaml_input):
+    with raises(UWConfigError):
+        tools.realize_config(
+            input_config=realize_config_yaml_input,
+            input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+            output_format=FORMAT.sh,
+        )
+
+
+def test_realize_config_dry_run(caplog):
+    """
+    Test that providing a YAML base file with a dry-run flag will print an YAML config file.
+    """
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    infile = fixture_path("fruit_config.yaml")
+    yaml_config = YAMLConfig(infile)
+    yaml_config.dereference()
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=infile,
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        dry_run=True,
+    )
+    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    expected = str(yaml_config).strip()
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test_realize_config_field_table(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test reading a YAML config object and generating a field file table.
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml")
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "field_table_from_yaml.FV3_GFS")
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=infile,
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_file=outfile,
+        output_format=FORMAT.fieldtable,
+    )
+    with open(fixture_path("field_table.FV3_GFS_v16"), "r", encoding="utf-8") as f1:
+        with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f2:
+            reflist = [line.rstrip("\n").strip().replace("'", "") for line in f1]
+            outlist = [line.rstrip("\n").strip().replace("'", "") for line in f2]
+            lines = zip(outlist, reflist)
+            for line1, line2 in lines:
+                assert line1 in line2
+
+
+def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_nml2nml(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing a namelist base input file and a config file will create and update namelist
+    config file.
+    """
+    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt("simple.nml", FORMAT.nml, "simple2.nml", tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_ini2ini(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing an INI base input file and an INI config file will create and update INI
+    config file.
+    """
+    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt("simple.ini", FORMAT.ini, "simple2.ini", tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_fmt2fmt_yaml2yaml(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing a YAML base input file and a YAML config file will create and update YAML
+    config file.
+    """
+    help_realize_config_fmt2fmt(
+        "fruit_config.yaml", FORMAT.yaml, "fruit_config_similar.yaml", tmp_path
+    )
+
+
+def test_realize_config_incompatible_file_type():
+    """
+    Test that providing an incompatible file type for input base file will return print statement.
+    """
+    with raises(UWError):
+        tools.realize_config(
+            input_config=fixture_path("model_configure.sample"),
+            input_format="sample",
+            output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        )
+
+
+def test_realize_config_output_file_conversion(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that --output-input-type converts config object to desired object type.
+    """
+    infile = fixture_path("simple.nml")
+    outfile = str(tmp_path / "test_ouput.cfg")
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=infile,
+        input_format=FORMAT.nml,
+        output_file=outfile,
+        output_format=FORMAT.nml,
+    )
+    expected = NMLConfig(infile)
+    expected_file = tmp_path / "expected.nml"
+    expected.dump(expected_file)
+    assert compare_files(expected_file, outfile)
+    with open(outfile, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        assert f.read()[-1] == "\n"
+
+
+def test_realize_config_simple_ini(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing an INI file with necessary settings will create an INI config file.
+    """
+
+    help_realize_config_simple("simple.ini", FORMAT.ini, tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_simple_namelist(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing a namelist file with necessary settings will create a namelist config file.
+    """
+    help_realize_config_simple("simple.nml", FORMAT.nml, tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_simple_sh(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing an sh file with necessary settings will create an sh config file.
+    """
+    help_realize_config_simple("simple.sh", FORMAT.sh, tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_simple_yaml(tmp_path):
+    """
+    Test that providing a YAML base file with necessary settings will create a YAML config file.
+    """
+    help_realize_config_simple("simple2.yaml", FORMAT.yaml, tmp_path)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_single_dereference(capsys, tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    supplemental_path = tmp_path / "b.yaml"
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"1": "a", "2": "{{ deref }}", "3": "{{ temporalis }}"}, f)
+    with writable(supplemental_path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"2": "b", "temporalis": "c", "deref": "d"}, f)
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=path,
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        supplemental_configs=[supplemental_path],
+    )
+    expected = """'1': a
+'2': b
+'3': c
+deref: d
+temporalis: c
+"""
+    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test_realize_config_supp_bad_format(tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    supplemental_path = tmp_path / "b.clj"
+    msg = f"Cannot deduce format of '{supplemental_path}' from unknown extension 'clj'"
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"1": "a", "2": "{{ deref }}", "3": "{{ temporalis }}", "deref": "b"}, f)
+    with writable(supplemental_path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"2": "b", "temporalis": "c"}, f)
+    with raises(UWError) as e:
+        tools.realize_config(
+            input_config=path,
+            input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+            output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+            supplemental_configs=[supplemental_path],
+            dry_run=True,
+        )
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_realize_config_supp_list(capsys, tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    supplemental_path = tmp_path / "b.yaml"
+    second_supp_path = tmp_path / "c.yaml"
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"1": "a", "2": "{{ deref }}", "3": "{{ temporalis }}"}, f)
+    with writable(supplemental_path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"2": "b", "temporalis": "c"}, f)
+    with writable(second_supp_path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"4": "d", "tempus": "fugit", "deref": "{{ tempus }}"}, f)
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=path,
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        supplemental_configs=[supplemental_path, second_supp_path],
+    )
+    expected = """'1': a
+'2': b
+'3': c
+temporalis: c
+'4': d
+deref: fugit
+tempus: fugit
+"""
+    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test_realize_config_supp_none(capsys, tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({"1": "a", "2": "{{ deref }}", "3": "{{ temporalis }}", "deref": "b"}, f)
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=path,
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+    )
+    expected = """'1': a
+'2': b
+'3': '{{ temporalis }}'
+deref: b
+"""
+    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test_realize_config_values_needed_ini(caplog):
+    """
+    Test that the values_needed flag logs keys completed, keys containing unrendered Jinja2
+    variables/expressions, and keys set to empty.
+    """
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=fixture_path("simple3.ini"),
+        input_format=FORMAT.ini,
+        output_format=FORMAT.ini,
+        values_needed=True,
+    )
+    expected = """
+Keys that are complete:
+    salad
+    salad.base
+    salad.fruit
+    salad.vegetable
+    salad.dressing
+    dessert
+    dessert.type
+    dessert.side
+    dessert.servings
+
+Keys with unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions:
+    salad.how_many: {{ amount }}
+    dessert.flavor: {{ flavor }}
+
+Keys that are set to empty:
+    salad.toppings
+    salad.meat
+""".strip()
+    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test_realize_config_values_needed_yaml(caplog):
+    """
+    Test that the values_needed flag logs keys completed, keys containing unrendered Jinja2
+    variables/expressions and keys set to empty.
+    """
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    tools.realize_config(
+        input_config=fixture_path("srw_example.yaml"),
+        input_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        output_format=FORMAT.yaml,
+        values_needed=True,
+    )
+    actual = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    expected = """
+Keys that are complete:
+    FV3GFS
+    FV3GFS.nomads
+    FV3GFS.nomads.protocol
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.testfalse
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.testzero
+
+Keys with unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions:
+    FV3GFS.nomads.url: https://nomads.ncep.noaa.gov/pub/data/nccf/com/gfs/prod/gfs.{{ yyyymmdd }}/{{ hh }}/atmos
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2.anl: ['gfs.t{{ hh }}z.atmanl.nemsio', 'gfs.t{{ hh }}z.sfcanl.nemsio']
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.grib2.fcst: ['gfs.t{{ hh }}z.pgrb2.0p25.f{{ fcst_hr03d }}']
+
+Keys that are set to empty:
+    FV3GFS.nomads.file_names.nemsio
+    FV3GFS.nomads.testempty
+""".strip()
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test__ensure_format_bad():
+    with raises(UWError) as e:
+        tools._ensure_format(desc="foo")
+    assert str(e.value) == "Either foo file format or name must be specified"
+
+
+def test__ensure_format_config_obj():
+    assert tools._ensure_format(desc="foo", config=YAMLConfig(config={})) == FORMAT.yaml
+
+
+def test__ensure_format_deduced():
+    assert tools._ensure_format(desc="foo", config="/tmp/config.yaml") == FORMAT.yaml
+
+
+def test__ensure_format_explicitly_specified_no_path():
+    assert tools._ensure_format(desc="foo", fmt=FORMAT.ini) == FORMAT.ini
+
+
+def test__ensure_format_explicitly_specified_with_path():
+    assert tools._ensure_format(desc="foo", fmt=FORMAT.ini, config="/tmp/config.yaml") == FORMAT.ini
+
+
+def test__print_config_section_ini(capsys):
+    config_obj = INIConfig(fixture_path("simple3.ini"))
+    section = ["dessert"]
+    tools._print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
+    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
+    expected = """
+flavor={{ flavor }}
+servings=0
+side=False
+type=pie
+""".lstrip()
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test__print_config_section_ini_missing_section():
+    config_obj = INIConfig(fixture_path("simple3.ini"))
+    section = ["sandwich"]
+    msg = "Bad config path: sandwich"
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools._print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
+    assert msg in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test__print_config_section_yaml(capsys):
+    config_obj = YAMLConfig(fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml"))
+    section = ["sgs_tke", "profile_type"]
+    tools._print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
+    actual = capsys.readouterr().out
+    expected = """
+name=fixed
+surface_value=0.0
+""".lstrip()
+    assert actual == expected
+
+
+def test__print_config_section_yaml_for_nonscalar():
+    config_obj = YAMLConfig(fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml"))
+    section = ["o3mr"]
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools._print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
+    assert "Non-scalar value" in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test__print_config_section_yaml_list():
+    config_obj = YAMLConfig(fixture_path("srw_example.yaml"))
+    section = ["FV3GFS", "nomads", "file_names", "grib2", "anl"]
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools._print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
+    assert "must be a dictionary" in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test__print_config_section_yaml_not_dict():
+    config_obj = YAMLConfig(fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml"))
+    section = ["sgs_tke", "units"]
+    with raises(UWConfigError) as e:
+        tools._print_config_section(config_obj.data, section)
+    assert "must be a dictionary" in str(e.value)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "supplemental_configs", [YAMLConfig(config={1: {2: {3: 99}}}), {1: {2: {3: 99}}}]
+)
+def test__realize_config_update(realize_config_testobj, supplemental_configs):
+    assert realize_config_testobj[1][2][3] == 88
+    o = tools._realize_config_update(
+        config_obj=realize_config_testobj,
+        config_fmt="yaml",
+        supplemental_configs=[supplemental_configs],
+    )
+    assert o[1][2][3] == 99
+
+
+def test__realize_config_update_noop(realize_config_testobj):
+    assert realize_config_testobj == tools._realize_config_update(
+        config_obj=realize_config_testobj, config_fmt="yaml", supplemental_configs=None
+    )
+
+
+def test__realize_config_update_file(realize_config_testobj, tmp_path):
+    values = {1: {2: {3: 99}}}
+    path = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        yaml.dump(values, f)
+    assert realize_config_testobj[1][2][3] == 88
+    o = tools._realize_config_update(
+        config_obj=realize_config_testobj, config_fmt="yaml", supplemental_configs=[path]
+    )
+    assert o[1][2][3] == 99
+
+
+def test__realize_config_update_list(realize_config_testobj, tmp_path):
+    values = {1: {2: {3: 99}}}
+    path = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        yaml.dump(values, f)
+    values2 = {1: {2: {3: 77}}}
+    path2 = tmp_path / "config2.yaml"
+    with open(path2, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        yaml.dump(values2, f)
+    assert realize_config_testobj[1][2][3] == 88
+    o = tools._realize_config_update(
+        config_obj=realize_config_testobj, config_fmt="yaml", supplemental_configs=[path, path2]
+    )
+    assert o[1][2][3] == 77
+
+
+def test__realize_config_values_needed(caplog, tmp_path):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({1: "complete", 2: "{{ jinja2 }}", 3: ""}, f)
+    c = YAMLConfig(config=path)
+    tools._realize_config_values_needed(input_obj=c)
+    msgs = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    assert "Keys that are complete:\n    1" in msgs
+    assert "Keys with unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions:\n    2" in msgs
+    assert "Keys that are set to empty:\n    3" in msgs
+
+
+def test__realize_config_values_needed_negative_results(caplog, tmp_path):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    path = tmp_path / "a.yaml"
+    with writable(path) as f:
+        yaml.dump({}, f)
+    c = YAMLConfig(config=path)
+    tools._realize_config_values_needed(input_obj=c)
+    msgs = "\n".join(record.message for record in caplog.records)
+    assert "No keys are complete." in msgs
+    assert "No keys have unrendered Jinja2 variables/expressions." in msgs
+    assert "No keys are set to empty." in msgs
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("input_fmt", FORMAT.extensions())
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("output_fmt", FORMAT.extensions())
+def test__validate_format_output(input_fmt, output_fmt):
+    call = lambda: tools._validate_format_output(input_fmt=input_fmt, output_fmt=output_fmt)
+    if input_fmt in (FORMAT.yaml, output_fmt):
+        call()  # no exception raised
+    else:
+        with raises(UWError) as e:
+            call()
+        assert str(e.value) == f"Output format {output_fmt} must match input format {input_fmt}"
+
+
+def test__validate_format_supplemental_fail_obj():
+    config_fmt = FORMAT.yaml
+    sc = NMLConfig(config={"n": {"k": "v"}})
+    with raises(UWError) as e:
+        tools._validate_format_supplemental(config_fmt=config_fmt, supplemental_cfg=sc, idx=87)
+    assert str(e.value) == "Supplemental config #88 format %s must match input format %s" % (
+        FORMAT.nml,
+        config_fmt,
+    )
+
+
+def test__validate_format_supplemental_fail_path():
+    config_fmt = FORMAT.yaml
+    sc = "/path/to/config.nml"
+    with raises(UWError) as e:
+        tools._validate_format_supplemental(config_fmt=config_fmt, supplemental_cfg=sc, idx=87)
+    assert str(e.value) == "Supplemental config #%s format %s must match input format %s" % (
+        88,
+        FORMAT.nml,
+        config_fmt,
+    )
+
+
+def test__validate_format_supplemental_pass_dict(caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    config_fmt = FORMAT.yaml
+    sc: dict = {}
+    tools._validate_format_supplemental(config_fmt=config_fmt, supplemental_cfg=sc, idx=87)
+    msg = "Supplemental config #%s is a dict: Cannot validate its format vs %s" % (88, config_fmt)
+    assert logged(caplog, msg)
+
+
+def test__validate_format_supplemental_pass_match_obj():
+    config_fmt = FORMAT.yaml
+    sc = YAMLConfig(config={})
+    tools._validate_format_supplemental(config_fmt=config_fmt, supplemental_cfg=sc, idx=87)
+
+
+def test__validate_format_supplemental_pass_match_path():
+    config_fmt = FORMAT.yaml
+    sc = "/path/to/config.yaml"
+    tools._validate_format_supplemental(config_fmt=config_fmt, supplemental_cfg=sc, idx=87)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_validator.py b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_validator.py
index d7db7929f..4ba496b5a 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_validator.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/config/test_validator.py
@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@
 """
 import json
 import logging
-from importlib import resources
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from typing import Any, Dict, Tuple
 
+import yaml
 from pytest import fixture
 
 from uwtools.config import validator
-from uwtools.tests.support import logged
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.utils.file import resource_pathobj
 
-# Support functions
+# Fixtures
+
+
+@fixture
+def assets(config, schema, tmp_path) -> Tuple[Path, Path, YAMLConfig]:
+    config_file = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    schema_file = tmp_path / "schema.yaml"
+    write_as_json(config, config_file)
+    write_as_json(schema, schema_file)
+    return schema_file, config_file, YAMLConfig(config_file)
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -30,8 +40,38 @@ def config(tmp_path) -> Dict[str, Any]:
 
 
 @fixture
-def config_file(tmp_path) -> str:
-    return str(tmp_path / "config.yaml")
+def prep_config_dict():
+    return {"roses": "{{ color }}", "color": "red"}
+
+
+@fixture
+def rocoto_assets():
+    schema_file = resource_pathobj("rocoto.jsonschema")
+    kwargs = {"schema_file": schema_file, "config_file": "/not/used"}
+    config = {
+        "workflow": {
+            "cycledef": [{"spec": "202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00"}],
+            "log": "/some/path/to/&FOO;",
+            "tasks": {
+                "metatask": {
+                    "var": {"member": "foo bar baz"},
+                    "task": {
+                        "cores": 88,
+                        "command": "some-command",
+                        "walltime": "00:01:00",
+                        "dependency": {
+                            "taskdep": {
+                                "attrs": {
+                                    "task": "hello",
+                                },
+                            },
+                        },
+                    },
+                },
+            },
+        }
+    }
+    return kwargs, config
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -61,9 +101,7 @@ def schema() -> Dict[str, Any]:
     }
 
 
-@fixture
-def schema_file(tmp_path) -> str:
-    return str(tmp_path / "schema.yaml")
+# Helpers
 
 
 def write_as_json(data: Dict[str, Any], path: Path) -> Path:
@@ -75,154 +113,48 @@ def write_as_json(data: Dict[str, Any], path: Path) -> Path:
 # Test functions
 
 
-def test_validate_yaml_fail_bad_dir_top(caplog, config, config_file, schema, schema_file, tmp_path):
-    # Specify a non-existent directory for the topmost directory value.
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    d = str(tmp_path / "no-such-dir")
-    config["dir"] = d
-    write_as_json(config, config_file)
-    write_as_json(schema, schema_file)
-    assert not validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config_file=config_file)
-    assert len([x for x in caplog.records if f"Path does not exist: {d}" in x.message]) == 1
+def test_validate_yaml(assets):
+    schema_file, _, cfgobj = assets
+    assert validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config=cfgobj)
 
 
-def test_validate_yaml_fail_bad_dir_nested(
-    caplog, config, config_file, schema, schema_file, tmp_path
-):
-    # Specify a non-existent directory for the nested directory value.
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    d = str(tmp_path / "no-such-dir")
-    config["sub"]["dir"] = d
-    write_as_json(config, config_file)
-    write_as_json(schema, schema_file)
-    assert not validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config_file=config_file)
-    assert len([x for x in caplog.records if f"Path does not exist: {d}" in x.message]) == 1
-
-
-def test_validate_yaml_fail_bad_enum_val(caplog, config, config_file, schema, schema_file):
-    # Specify an invalid enum value.
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    config["color"] = "yellow"
-    write_as_json(config, config_file)
-    write_as_json(schema, schema_file)
-    assert not validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config_file=config_file)
-    assert any(x for x in caplog.records if "1 schema-validation error found" in x.message)
+def test_validate_yaml_fail_bad_enum_val(assets, caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    schema_file, _, cfgobj = assets
+    cfgobj["color"] = "yellow"  # invalid enum value
+    assert not validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config=cfgobj)
+    assert any(x for x in caplog.records if "1 UW schema-validation error found" in x.message)
     assert any(x for x in caplog.records if "'yellow' is not one of" in x.message)
 
 
-def test_validate_yaml_fail_bad_number_val(caplog, config, config_file, schema, schema_file):
-    # Specify an invalid number value.
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    config["number"] = "string"
-    write_as_json(config, config_file)
-    write_as_json(schema, schema_file)
-    assert not validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config_file=config_file)
-    assert any(x for x in caplog.records if "1 schema-validation error found" in x.message)
+def test_validate_yaml_fail_bad_number_val(assets, caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    schema_file, _, cfgobj = assets
+    cfgobj["number"] = "string"  # invalid number value
+    assert not validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config=cfgobj)
+    assert any(x for x in caplog.records if "1 UW schema-validation error found" in x.message)
     assert any(x for x in caplog.records if "'string' is not of type 'number'" in x.message)
 
 
-def test_validate_yaml_pass(config, config_file, schema, schema_file):
-    # Test a fully valid config file.
-    write_as_json(config, config_file)
-    write_as_json(schema, schema_file)
-    assert validator.validate_yaml(schema_file=schema_file, config_file=config_file)
-
-
-@fixture
-def rocoto_assets():
-    with resources.as_file(resources.files("uwtools.resources")) as resc:
-        schema_file = resc / "rocoto.jsonschema"
-    kwargs = {"schema_file": schema_file, "config_file": "/not/used", "check_paths": False}
-    config = {
-        "workflow": {
-            "cycledefs": {"howdy": ["202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00"]},
-            "log": "/some/path/to/&FOO;",
-            "tasks": {
-                "metatask": {
-                    "var": {"member": "foo bar baz"},
-                    "task": {"cores": 88, "command": "some-command", "walltime": "00:01:00"},
-                }
-            },
-        }
-    }
-    return kwargs, config
-
+def test_prep_config_cfgobj(prep_config_dict):
+    cfgobj = validator._prep_config(config=YAMLConfig(config=prep_config_dict))
+    assert isinstance(cfgobj, YAMLConfig)
+    assert cfgobj == {"roses": "red", "color": "red"}
 
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_invalid_dependency(rocoto_assets, caplog):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    config["workflow"]["tasks"]["metatask"]["task"].update({"stdout": "hello"})
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert not validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-        assert logged(caplog, "'stderr' is a dependency of 'stdout'")
 
+def test__prep_config_dict(prep_config_dict):
+    cfgobj = validator._prep_config(config=prep_config_dict)
+    assert isinstance(cfgobj, YAMLConfig)
+    assert cfgobj == {"roses": "red", "color": "red"}
 
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_invalid_no_command(rocoto_assets, caplog):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    del config["workflow"]["tasks"]["metatask"]["task"]["command"]
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert not validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-        assert logged(caplog, "'command' is a required property")
 
-
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_invalid_no_task(rocoto_assets, caplog):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    del config["workflow"]["tasks"]["metatask"]["task"]
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert not validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-        assert logged(caplog, "{'var': {'member': 'foo bar baz'}} does not have enough properties")
-
-
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_invalid_no_var(rocoto_assets, caplog):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    del config["workflow"]["tasks"]["metatask"]["var"]
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert not validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-        assert logged(caplog, "'var' is a required property")
-
-
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_invalid_type(rocoto_assets, caplog):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    config["workflow"]["tasks"]["metatask"]["task"]["cores"] = "string"
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert not validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-        assert logged(caplog, "'string' is not of type 'integer'")
-
-
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_invalid_walltime_pattern(rocoto_assets, caplog):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    config["workflow"]["tasks"]["metatask"]["task"]["walltime"] = "0:01:00"
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert not validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-        assert logged(caplog, "'0:01:00' does not match '^[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$'")
-
-
-def test_validate_yaml_rocoto_valid(rocoto_assets):
-    kwargs, config = rocoto_assets
-    with patch.object(validator, "YAMLConfig") as YAMLConfig:
-        YAMLConfig().data = config
-        assert validator.validate_yaml(**kwargs)
-
-
-def test__bad_paths_top(config, schema, tmp_path):
-    d = str(tmp_path / "no-such-dir")
-    config["dir"] = d
-    assert validator._bad_paths(config, schema) == [d]
-
-
-def test__bad_paths_nested(config, schema, tmp_path):
-    d = str(tmp_path / "no-such-dir")
-    config["sub"]["dir"] = d
-    assert validator._bad_paths(config, schema) == [d]
-
-
-def test__bad_paths_none(config, schema):
-    assert not validator._bad_paths(config, schema)
+def test__prep_config_file(prep_config_dict, tmp_path):
+    path = tmp_path / "config.yaml"
+    with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        yaml.dump(prep_config_dict, f)
+    cfgobj = validator._prep_config(config=path)
+    assert isinstance(cfgobj, YAMLConfig)
+    assert cfgobj == {"roses": "red", "color": "red"}
 
 
 def test__validation_errors_bad_enum_value(config, schema):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_driver.py b/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_driver.py
index 9af14b7f1..2cd41a54d 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_driver.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_driver.py
@@ -3,14 +3,17 @@
 Tests for uwtools.drivers.driver module.
 """
 
+import datetime
 import logging
 from collections.abc import Mapping
+from pathlib import Path
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 from pytest import fixture
 
 from uwtools.drivers.driver import Driver
+from uwtools.logging import log
 from uwtools.tests.support import logged
 
 
@@ -19,7 +22,7 @@ class ConcreteDriver(Driver):
     Driver subclass for testing purposes.
     """
 
-    def batch_script(self, platform_resources):
+    def batch_script(self):
         pass
 
     def output(self):
@@ -28,18 +31,18 @@ def output(self):
     def requirements(self):
         pass
 
-    def resources(self, platform: dict) -> Mapping:
+    def resources(self) -> Mapping:
         return {}
 
-    def run(self) -> bool:
+    def run(self, cycle: datetime.date) -> bool:
         return True
 
-    def run_cmd(self, *args, run_cmd, exec_name):
+    def run_cmd(self, *args):
         pass
 
     @property
-    def schema_file(self) -> str:
-        return ""
+    def schema_file(self) -> Path:
+        return Path()
 
 
 @fixture
@@ -91,9 +94,9 @@ def test_validation(caplog, configs, schema, tmp_path, valid):
     with open(schema_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         print(schema, file=f)
     with patch.object(ConcreteDriver, "schema_file", new=schema_file):
-        logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+        log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
         ConcreteDriver(config_file=config_file)
         if valid:
-            assert logged(caplog, "0 schema-validation errors found")
+            assert logged(caplog, "0 UW schema-validation errors found")
         else:
-            assert logged(caplog, "2 schema-validation errors found")
+            assert logged(caplog, "2 UW schema-validation errors found")
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_experiment.py b/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_experiment.py
index bdfcde1b6..14696d8c3 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_experiment.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_experiment.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 Tests for uwtools.drivers.experiment module.
 """
 
-import pytest
 from pytest import fixture
 
 from uwtools.drivers import experiment
@@ -16,38 +15,3 @@ def SRWExperiment():
 
 def test_SRWExperiment_load_config(SRWExperiment):
     assert SRWExperiment
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip(reason="no way of currently testing this")
-def test_load_config():
-    """
-    Test that YAML load, update, and dump work with a basic YAML file.
-    """
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip(reason="no way of currently testing this")
-def test_validate_config():
-    """
-    Test that the YAML file is validated correctly.
-    """
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip(reason="no way of currently testing this")
-def test_create_experiment():
-    """
-    Test that the experiment directory and manager files are created.
-    """
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip(reason="no way of currently testing this")
-def test_create_manager():
-    """
-    Test that the manager files are created.
-    """
-
-
-@pytest.mark.skip(reason="no way of currently testing this")
-def test_link_fix_files():
-    """
-    Test that the fix files are linked.
-    """
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_forecast.py b/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_forecast.py
index 73a11b88d..4c9b8659b 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_forecast.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/drivers/test_forecast.py
@@ -2,45 +2,43 @@
 """
 Tests for forecast driver.
 """
+import datetime as dt
 import logging
+import os
 from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch
+from unittest.mock import ANY, patch
 
 import pytest
 from pytest import fixture, raises
 
-from uwtools.config.core import NMLConfig, YAMLConfig
+from uwtools import scheduler
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
 from uwtools.drivers import forecast
 from uwtools.drivers.driver import Driver
 from uwtools.drivers.forecast import FV3Forecast
-from uwtools.tests.support import compare_files, fixture_path
-from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import compare_files, fixture_path, logged
+from uwtools.types import ExistAct
 
 
-@fixture
-def slurm_props():
-    return {
-        "account": "account_name",
-        "nodes": 1,
-        "queue": "batch",
-        "scheduler": "slurm",
-        "tasks_per_node": 1,
-        "walltime": "00:01:00",
-    }
-
-
-def test_batch_script(slurm_props):
+def test_batch_script():
     expected = """
-#SBATCH --account=account_name
+#SBATCH --account=user_account
 #SBATCH --nodes=1
 #SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
 #SBATCH --qos=batch
 #SBATCH --time=00:01:00
+KMP_AFFINITY=scatter
+OMP_NUM_THREADS=1
+OMP_STACKSIZE=512m
+MPI_TYPE_DEPTH=20
+ESMF_RUNTIME_COMPLIANCECHECK=OFF:depth=4
+srun --export=NONE test_exec.py
 """.strip()
     config_file = fixture_path("forecast.yaml")
     with patch.object(Driver, "_validate", return_value=True):
         forecast = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file)
-    assert forecast.batch_script(platform_resources=slurm_props).content() == expected
+    assert forecast.batch_script().content() == expected
 
 
 def test_schema_file():
@@ -56,20 +54,26 @@ def test_schema_file():
     assert path.is_file()
 
 
-def test_create_config(tmp_path):
+def test_create_model_configure(tmp_path):
     """
     Test that providing a YAML base input file and a config file will create and update YAML config
     file.
     """
 
-    config_file = fixture_path("fruit_config_similar.yaml")
-    input_file = fixture_path("fruit_config.yaml")
+    config_file = fixture_path("fruit_config_similar_for_fcst.yaml")
+    base_file = fixture_path("fruit_config.yaml")
+    fcst_config_file = tmp_path / "fcst.yml"
+
+    fcst_config = YAMLConfig(config_file)
+    fcst_config["forecast"]["model_configure"]["base_file"] = base_file
+    fcst_config.dump(fcst_config_file)
+
     output_file = (tmp_path / "test_config_from_yaml.yaml").as_posix()
     with patch.object(FV3Forecast, "_validate", return_value=True):
-        forecast_obj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file)
-    forecast_obj._create_model_config(base_file=input_file, outconfig_file=output_file)
-    expected = YAMLConfig(input_file)
-    expected.update_values(YAMLConfig(config_file))
+        forecast_obj = FV3Forecast(config_file=fcst_config_file)
+    forecast_obj.create_model_configure(output_file)
+    expected = YAMLConfig(base_file)
+    expected.update_values(YAMLConfig(config_file)["forecast"]["model_configure"]["update_values"])
     expected_file = tmp_path / "expected_yaml.yaml"
     expected.dump(expected_file)
     assert compare_files(expected_file, output_file)
@@ -83,7 +87,7 @@ def test_create_directory_structure(tmp_path):
     rundir = tmp_path / "rundir"
 
     # Test delete behavior when run directory does not exist.
-    FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, "delete")
+    FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, ExistAct.delete)
     assert (rundir / "RESTART").is_dir()
 
     # Create a file in the run directory.
@@ -93,18 +97,18 @@ def test_create_directory_structure(tmp_path):
 
     # Test delete behavior when run directory exists. Test file should be gone
     # since old run directory was deleted.
-    FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, "delete")
+    FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, ExistAct.delete)
     assert (rundir / "RESTART").is_dir()
     assert not test_file.is_file()
 
     # Test rename behavior when run directory exists.
-    FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, "rename")
+    FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, ExistAct.rename)
     copy_directory = next(tmp_path.glob("%s_*" % rundir.name))
     assert (copy_directory / "RESTART").is_dir()
 
     # Test quit behavior when run directory exists.
     with raises(SystemExit) as pytest_wrapped_e:
-        FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, "quit")
+        FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(rundir, ExistAct.quit)
     assert pytest_wrapped_e.type == SystemExit
     assert pytest_wrapped_e.value.code == 1
 
@@ -121,17 +125,22 @@ def test_create_field_table_with_base_file(create_field_table_update_obj, tmp_pa
     base_file = fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16.yaml")
     outfldtbl_file = tmp_path / "field_table_two.FV3_GFS"
     expected = fixture_path("field_table_from_base.FV3_GFS")
-    FV3Forecast.create_field_table(create_field_table_update_obj, outfldtbl_file, base_file)
+    config_file = tmp_path / "fcst.yaml"
+    forecast_config = create_field_table_update_obj
+    forecast_config["forecast"]["field_table"]["base_file"] = base_file
+    forecast_config.dump(config_file)
+    FV3Forecast(config_file).create_field_table(outfldtbl_file)
     assert compare_files(expected, outfldtbl_file)
 
 
-def test_create_field_table_without_base_file(create_field_table_update_obj, tmp_path):
+def test_create_field_table_without_base_file(tmp_path):
     """
     Tests create_field_table without optional base file.
     """
     outfldtbl_file = tmp_path / "field_table_one.FV3_GFS"
     expected = fixture_path("field_table_from_input.FV3_GFS")
-    FV3Forecast.create_field_table(create_field_table_update_obj, outfldtbl_file)
+    config_file = fixture_path("FV3_GFS_v16_update.yaml")
+    FV3Forecast(config_file).create_field_table(outfldtbl_file)
     assert compare_files(expected, outfldtbl_file)
 
 
@@ -140,37 +149,51 @@ def test_create_directory_structure_bad_existing_act():
         FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(run_directory="/some/path", exist_act="foo")
 
 
-def test_create_model_config(tmp_path):
+def test_create_model_configure_call_private(tmp_path):
     basefile = str(tmp_path / "base.yaml")
     infile = fixture_path("forecast.yaml")
     outfile = str(tmp_path / "out.yaml")
     for path in infile, basefile:
         Path(path).touch()
-    with patch.object(forecast, "realize_config") as realize_config:
+    with patch.object(Driver, "_create_user_updated_config") as _create_user_updated_config:
         with patch.object(FV3Forecast, "_validate", return_value=True):
-            FV3Forecast(config_file=infile)._create_model_config(
-                outconfig_file=outfile, base_file=basefile
-            )
-    assert realize_config.call_args.kwargs["input_file"] == basefile
-    assert realize_config.call_args.kwargs["input_format"] == FORMAT.yaml
-    assert realize_config.call_args.kwargs["output_file"] == outfile
-    assert realize_config.call_args.kwargs["output_format"] == FORMAT.yaml
-    assert realize_config.call_args.kwargs["values_file"] == infile
-    assert realize_config.call_args.kwargs["values_format"] == FORMAT.yaml
+            FV3Forecast(config_file=infile).create_model_configure(outfile)
+    _create_user_updated_config.assert_called_with(
+        config_class=YAMLConfig, config_values={}, output_path=outfile
+    )
 
 
 @fixture
 def create_namelist_assets(tmp_path):
-    return NMLConfig(fixture_path("simple.nml")), tmp_path / "create_out.nml"
+    update_values = {
+        "salad": {
+            "base": "kale",
+            "fruit": "banana",
+            "vegetable": "tomato",
+            "how_many": 12,
+            "dressing": "balsamic",
+        }
+    }
+    return update_values, tmp_path / "create_out.nml"
 
 
-def test_create_namelist_with_base_file(create_namelist_assets):
+def test_create_namelist_with_base_file(create_namelist_assets, tmp_path):
     """
     Tests create_namelist method with optional base file.
     """
-    update_obj, outnml_file = create_namelist_assets
+    update_values, outnml_file = create_namelist_assets
     base_file = fixture_path("simple3.nml")
-    FV3Forecast.create_namelist(update_obj, outnml_file, base_file)
+    fcst_config = {
+        "forecast": {
+            "namelist": {
+                "base_file": base_file,
+                "update_values": update_values,
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    fcst_config_file = tmp_path / "fcst.yml"
+    YAMLConfig.dump_dict(cfg=fcst_config, path=fcst_config_file)
+    FV3Forecast(fcst_config_file).create_namelist(outnml_file)
     expected = """
 &salad
     base = 'kale'
@@ -188,12 +211,21 @@ def test_create_namelist_with_base_file(create_namelist_assets):
         assert out_file.read() == expected
 
 
-def test_create_namelist_without_base_file(create_namelist_assets):
+def test_create_namelist_without_base_file(create_namelist_assets, tmp_path):
     """
     Tests create_namelist method without optional base file.
     """
-    update_obj, outnml_file = create_namelist_assets
-    FV3Forecast.create_namelist(update_obj, str(outnml_file))
+    update_values, outnml_file = create_namelist_assets
+    fcst_config = {
+        "forecast": {
+            "namelist": {
+                "update_values": update_values,
+            },
+        },
+    }
+    fcst_config_file = tmp_path / "fcst.yml"
+    YAMLConfig.dump_dict(cfg=fcst_config, path=fcst_config_file)
+    FV3Forecast(fcst_config_file).create_namelist(outnml_file)
     expected = """
 &salad
     base = 'kale'
@@ -214,16 +246,15 @@ def test_forecast_run_cmd():
     config_file = fixture_path("forecast.yaml")
     with patch.object(FV3Forecast, "_validate", return_value=True):
         fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file)
-        hera_expected = "srun --export=ALL test_exec.py"
-        assert hera_expected == fcstobj.run_cmd(
-            "--export=ALL", run_cmd="srun", exec_name="test_exec.py"
-        )
-        cheyenne_expected = "mpirun -np 4 test_exec.py"
-        assert cheyenne_expected == fcstobj.run_cmd(
-            "-np", 4, run_cmd="mpirun", exec_name="test_exec.py"
-        )
-        wcoss2_expected = "mpiexec -n 4 -ppn 8 --cpu-bind core -depth 2 test_exec.py"
-        assert wcoss2_expected == fcstobj.run_cmd(
+        srun_expected = "srun --export=NONE test_exec.py"
+        fcstobj._config["runtime_info"]["mpi_args"] = ["--export=NONE"]
+        assert srun_expected == fcstobj.run_cmd()
+        mpirun_expected = "mpirun -np 4 test_exec.py"
+        fcstobj._experiment_config["platform"]["mpicmd"] = "mpirun"
+        fcstobj._config["runtime_info"]["mpi_args"] = ["-np", 4]
+        assert mpirun_expected == fcstobj.run_cmd()
+        fcstobj._experiment_config["platform"]["mpicmd"] = "mpiexec"
+        fcstobj._config["runtime_info"]["mpi_args"] = [
             "-n",
             4,
             "-ppn",
@@ -232,17 +263,17 @@ def test_forecast_run_cmd():
             "core",
             "-depth",
             2,
-            run_cmd="mpiexec",
-            exec_name="test_exec.py",
-        )
+        ]
+        mpiexec_expected = "mpiexec -n 4 -ppn 8 --cpu-bind core -depth 2 test_exec.py"
+        assert mpiexec_expected == fcstobj.run_cmd()
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("section", ["static", "cycledep"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("section", ["static", "cycle_dependent"])
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("link_files", [True, False])
 def test_stage_files(tmp_path, section, link_files):
     """
-    Tests that files from static or cycledep sections of the config obj are being staged (copied or
-    linked) to the run directory.
+    Tests that files from static or cycle_dependent sections of the config obj are being staged
+    (copied or linked) to the run directory.
     """
 
     run_directory = tmp_path / "run"
@@ -252,9 +283,12 @@ def test_stage_files(tmp_path, section, link_files):
     # create the test files.
     src_directory.mkdir()
     for dst_fn, src_path in files_to_stage.items():
-        fixed_src_path = src_directory / Path(src_path).name
-        files_to_stage[dst_fn] = str(fixed_src_path)
-        fixed_src_path.touch()
+        if isinstance(src_path, list):
+            files_to_stage[dst_fn] = [str(src_directory / Path(sp).name) for sp in src_path]
+        else:
+            fixed_src_path = src_directory / Path(src_path).name
+            files_to_stage[dst_fn] = str(fixed_src_path)
+            fixed_src_path.touch()
     # Test that none of the destination files exist yet:
     for dst_fn in files_to_stage.keys():
         assert not (run_directory / dst_fn).is_file()
@@ -262,68 +296,111 @@ def test_stage_files(tmp_path, section, link_files):
     FV3Forecast.create_directory_structure(run_directory)
     FV3Forecast.stage_files(run_directory, files_to_stage, link_files=link_files)
     # Test that all of the destination files now exist:
-    for dst_fn in files_to_stage.keys():
-        if link_files:
-            assert (run_directory / dst_fn).is_symlink()
+    link_or_file = Path.is_symlink if link_files else Path.is_file
+    for dst_rel_path, src_paths in files_to_stage.items():
+        if isinstance(src_paths, list):
+            dst_paths = [run_directory / dst_rel_path / os.path.basename(sp) for sp in src_paths]
+            assert all(link_or_file(d_fn) for d_fn in dst_paths)
         else:
-            assert (run_directory / dst_fn).is_file()
+            assert link_or_file(run_directory / dst_rel_path)
+    if section == "cycle_dependent":
+        assert link_or_file(run_directory / "INPUT" / "gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc")
 
 
 @fixture
 def fv3_run_assets(tmp_path):
     batch_script = tmp_path / "batch.sh"
     config_file = fixture_path("forecast.yaml")
-    config = {
-        "platform": {
-            "MPICMD": "srun",
-            "account": "user_account",
-        },
-        "forecast": {
-            "MODEL": "FV3",
-            "EXEC_NAME": "test_exec.py",
-            "RUN_DIRECTORY": tmp_path.as_posix(),
-            "CYCLEDEP": {"foo-file": str(tmp_path / "foo")},
-            "STATIC": {"static-foo-file": str(tmp_path / "foo")},
-            "VERBOSE": "False",
-        },
-    }
-    return batch_script, config_file, config
+    config = YAMLConfig(config_file)
+    config["forecast"]["run_dir"] = tmp_path.as_posix()
+    config["forecast"]["cycle_dependent"] = {"foo-file": str(tmp_path / "foo")}
+    config["forecast"]["static"] = {"static-foo-file": str(tmp_path / "foo")}
+    return batch_script, config_file, config.data["forecast"]
 
 
-def test_run_direct(fv3_run_assets):
+@fixture
+def fv3_mpi_assets():
+    return [
+        "KMP_AFFINITY=scatter",
+        "OMP_NUM_THREADS=1",
+        "OMP_STACKSIZE=512m",
+        "MPI_TYPE_DEPTH=20",
+        "ESMF_RUNTIME_COMPLIANCECHECK=OFF:depth=4",
+        "srun --export=NONE test_exec.py",
+    ]
+
+
+def test_run_direct(fv3_mpi_assets, fv3_run_assets):
     _, config_file, config = fv3_run_assets
+    expected_command = " ".join(fv3_mpi_assets)
     with patch.object(FV3Forecast, "_validate", return_value=True):
         with patch.object(forecast, "execute") as execute:
+            execute.return_value = (True, "")
             fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file)
             with patch.object(fcstobj, "_config", config):
-                fcstobj.run()
-            execute.assert_called_once_with(cmd="srun --export=None test_exec.py")
+                fcstobj.run(cycle=dt.datetime.now())
+            execute.assert_called_once_with(cmd=expected_command, cwd=ANY, log_output=True)
 
 
-def test_FV3Forecast_run_dry_run(caplog, fv3_run_assets):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("with_batch_script", [True, False])
+def test_FV3Forecast_run_dry_run(caplog, fv3_mpi_assets, fv3_run_assets, with_batch_script):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     batch_script, config_file, config = fv3_run_assets
-    run_expected = """
-#!/bin/bash
-#SBATCH --account=user_account
-#SBATCH --nodes=1
-#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
-#SBATCH --qos=batch
-#SBATCH --time=00:01:00
-srun --export=None test_exec.py
-""".strip()
+    if with_batch_script:
+        batch_components = [
+            "#!/bin/bash",
+            "#SBATCH --account=user_account",
+            "#SBATCH --nodes=1",
+            "#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1",
+            "#SBATCH --qos=batch",
+            "#SBATCH --time=00:01:00",
+        ] + fv3_mpi_assets
+        expected_lines = batch_components
+    else:
+        batch_script = None
+        expected_lines = [" ".join(fv3_mpi_assets)]
+
     with patch.object(FV3Forecast, "_validate", return_value=True):
         fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file, dry_run=True, batch_script=batch_script)
         with patch.object(fcstobj, "_config", config):
-            fcstobj.run()
-    assert run_expected in caplog.text
+            fcstobj.run(cycle=dt.datetime.now())
+    for line in expected_lines:
+        assert logged(caplog, line)
+
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "vals", [(True, "_run_via_batch_submission"), (False, "_run_via_local_execution")]
+)
+def test_FV3Forecast_run(fv3_run_assets, vals):
+    batch_script, config_file, _ = fv3_run_assets
+    use_batch, helper_method = vals
+    fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file, batch_script=batch_script if use_batch else None)
+    with patch.object(fcstobj, helper_method) as helper:
+        helper.return_value = (True, None)
+        assert fcstobj.run(cycle=dt.datetime.now()) is True
+        helper.assert_called_once_with()
 
-def test_run_submit(fv3_run_assets):
+
+def test_FV3Forecast__run_via_batch_submission(fv3_run_assets):
     batch_script, config_file, config = fv3_run_assets
-    with patch.object(FV3Forecast, "_validate", return_value=True):
+    fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file, batch_script=batch_script)
+    with patch.object(fcstobj, "_config", config):
+        with patch.object(scheduler, "execute") as execute:
+            with patch.object(Driver, "_create_user_updated_config"):
+                execute.return_value = (True, "")
+                success, lines = fcstobj._run_via_batch_submission()
+                assert success is True
+                assert lines[0] == "Batch script:"
+                execute.assert_called_once_with(cmd=ANY, cwd=ANY)
+
+
+def test_FV3Forecast__run_via_local_execution(fv3_run_assets):
+    _, config_file, config = fv3_run_assets
+    fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file)
+    with patch.object(fcstobj, "_config", config):
         with patch.object(forecast, "execute") as execute:
-            fcstobj = FV3Forecast(config_file=config_file, batch_script=batch_script)
-            with patch.object(fcstobj, "_config", config):
-                fcstobj.run()
-            execute.assert_called_once_with(cmd=f"sbatch {batch_script}")
+            execute.return_value = (True, "")
+            success, lines = fcstobj._run_via_local_execution()
+            assert success is True
+            assert lines[0] == "Command:"
+            execute.assert_called_once_with(cmd=ANY, cwd=ANY, log_output=True)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/test_s3.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/test_s3.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6631d8017..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/test_s3.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,redefined-outer-name
-"""
-Tests for uwtools.files.gateway.s3 module.
-"""
-
-from pathlib import Path
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-from pytest import fixture
-
-from uwtools.files.gateway import s3
-
-
-@fixture
-def exc():
-    return s3.ClientError(operation_name="NA", error_response={})
-
-
-@fixture
-def upload_kwargs():
-    return dict(source_path="/foo/bar", bucket="bucket")
-
-
-def test_download_file():
-    kwargs = dict(bucket_name="bucket", source_name="source", target_name="target")
-    with patch.object(s3, "S3_CLIENT") as S3_CLIENT:
-        s3.download_file(**kwargs)
-        assert S3_CLIENT.download_file.called_once_with(*kwargs.values())
-
-
-def test_exists_false(exc):
-    with patch.object(s3, "S3_CLIENT") as S3_CLIENT:
-        S3_CLIENT.head_object.side_effect = exc
-        assert not s3.exists(Path("/foo/bar"))
-
-
-def test_exists_true():
-    with patch.object(s3, "S3_CLIENT") as S3_CLIENT:
-        S3_CLIENT.head_object.return_value = True
-        assert s3.exists(Path("/foo/bar"))
-
-
-def test_upload_file_failure(exc, upload_kwargs):
-    with patch.object(s3, "S3_CLIENT") as S3_CLIENT:
-        S3_CLIENT.upload_file.side_effect = exc
-        assert not s3.upload_file(**upload_kwargs)
-
-
-def test_upload_file_success(upload_kwargs):
-    with patch.object(s3, "S3_CLIENT") as S3_CLIENT:
-        assert s3.upload_file(**upload_kwargs)
-        S3_CLIENT.upload_file.assert_called_once_with(*upload_kwargs.values(), "bar")
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/test_unix.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/test_unix.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6b97fdb97..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/gateway/test_unix.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
-"""
-Tests for uwtools.files.gateway.unix module.
-"""
-
-from pytest import fixture
-
-from uwtools.files.gateway import unix
-from uwtools.files.model.file import Unix
-
-
-@fixture
-def dirs(tmp_path):
-    f1 = tmp_path / "src" / "f1"
-    f2 = tmp_path / "src" / "subdir" / "f2"
-    for path in f1, f2:
-        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True)
-        with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            print(path.name, file=f)
-    assert f1.is_file()
-    assert f2.is_file()
-    src = tmp_path / "src"
-    dst = tmp_path / "dst"
-    return src, dst
-
-
-@fixture
-def files2copy(dirs):
-    src, dst = dirs
-    src1, src2 = [Unix(x.as_uri()) for x in (src / "f1", src / "subdir" / "f2")]
-    dst1, dst2 = dst / "f1", dst / "f2"
-    dst.mkdir()
-    return src1, src2, dst1, dst2
-
-
-def content(path):
-    return [x.relative_to(path) for x in path.glob("**/*")]
-
-
-def test_Copier_dir(dirs):
-    src, dst = dirs
-    assert not dst.is_dir()
-    c = unix.Copier(srcs=[Unix(src.as_uri())], dsts=[dst])
-    c.run()
-    assert content(src) == content(dst)
-
-
-def test_Copier_files(files2copy):
-    src1, src2, dst1, dst2 = files2copy
-    c = unix.Copier(srcs=[src1, src2], dsts=[dst1, dst2])
-    assert not dst1.is_file()
-    assert not dst2.is_file()
-    c.run()
-    assert dst1.is_file()
-    assert dst2.is_file()
-
-
-def test_copy_dir(dirs):
-    src, dst = dirs
-    assert not dst.is_dir()
-    unix.copy(srcs=[Unix(src.as_uri())], dsts=[dst])
-    assert content(src) == content(dst)
-
-
-def test_copy_files(files2copy):
-    src1, src2, dst1, dst2 = files2copy
-    assert not dst1.is_file()
-    assert not dst2.is_file()
-    unix.copy(srcs=[src1, src2], dsts=[dst1, dst2])
-    assert dst1.is_file()
-    assert dst2.is_file()
-
-
-def test__copy_dir_create(dirs):
-    src, dst = dirs
-    assert not dst.is_dir()
-    unix._copy(src=src, dst=dst)
-    assert content(src) == content(dst)
-
-
-def test__copy_dir_replace(dirs):
-    src, dst = dirs
-    dst.mkdir()
-    (dst / "junk").touch()
-    unix._copy(src=src, dst=dst)
-    assert content(src) == content(dst)  # i.e. junk is gone
-
-
-def test__copy_file(dirs):
-    src, dst = dirs
-    srcfile, dstfile = src / "f1", dst / "f1"
-    assert not dstfile.is_file()
-    dst.mkdir()
-    unix._copy(src=srcfile, dst=dstfile)
-    assert dstfile.is_file()
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/test___init__.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/test___init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9609ba821..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/test___init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
-
-
-from uwtools.files import interface
-
-
-def test_imports():
-    # Test that the expected modules have been imported into this package:
-    for member in (
-        "FileManager",
-        "S3FileManager",
-        "UnixFileManager",
-    ):
-        assert hasattr(interface, member)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/test_file_manager.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/test_file_manager.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b45642939..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/interface/test_file_manager.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
-"""
-Tests for uwtools.files FileManager and subclasses.
-"""
-
-import shutil
-from unittest.mock import patch
-
-from uwtools.files import FileManager, S3FileManager, UnixFileManager
-from uwtools.files.gateway import s3
-from uwtools.files.model import S3, Prefixes, Unix
-from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_uri
-
-
-def test_FileManager_constructor_S3():
-    assert isinstance(FileManager.get_file_manager(Prefixes.S3), S3FileManager)
-
-
-def test_FileManager_constructor_Unix():
-    assert isinstance(FileManager.get_file_manager(Prefixes.UNIX), UnixFileManager)
-
-
-@patch.object(s3, "upload_file", return_value=None)
-def test_S3_FileManager(upload_file):
-    source = Unix(fixture_uri("files/a.txt"))
-    destination = S3("s3://tests/fixtures/files/b.txt")
-    fm: S3FileManager = FileManager.get_file_manager(Prefixes.S3)
-    fm.copy([source], [destination])
-    assert upload_file.copy.called_once_with([source], [destination])
-
-
-@patch.object(shutil, "copy", return_value=None)
-def test_Unix_FileManager(copy):
-    source = Unix(fixture_uri("files/a.txt"))
-    destination = Unix(fixture_uri("files/b.txt"))
-    fm: UnixFileManager = FileManager.get_file_manager(Prefixes.UNIX)
-    fm.copy([source], [destination.path])
-    assert copy.copy.called_once_with([source], [destination])
-
-
-def test_Unix_FileManager_Threaded(tmp_path):
-    source = Unix(fixture_uri("files"))
-    destination = Unix(tmp_path.as_uri())
-    fm: UnixFileManager = FileManager.get_file_manager(Prefixes.UNIX)
-    fm.copy([source], [destination.path])
-    assert len(list(tmp_path.glob("*.txt"))) == 3
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/__init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e69de29bb..000000000
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/test___init__.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/test___init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d36581790..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/test___init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
-
-
-from uwtools.files import model
-
-
-def test_imports():
-    # Test that the expected modules have been imported into this package:
-    for member in (
-        "File",
-        "Prefixes",
-        "S3",
-        "Unix",
-    ):
-        assert hasattr(model, member)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/test_file.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/test_file.py
deleted file mode 100644
index aad4ffab2..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/model/test_file.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
-
-from glob import glob
-
-from pytest import raises
-
-from uwtools.files import S3, Unix
-from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path, fixture_uri
-
-
-def test_dir_file():
-    """
-    Tests dir method given a file.
-    """
-    suffix = "files/a.txt"
-    my_init = Unix(fixture_uri(suffix))
-    assert my_init.dir == glob(fixture_path(suffix))
-
-
-def test_dir_path():
-    """
-    Tests dir method given a path, i.e. not a file.
-    """
-    my_init = Unix(fixture_uri())
-    assert my_init.dir == glob(fixture_path("*"))
-
-
-def test_S3():
-    uri = "s3://foo/bar/files/a.txt"
-    obj = S3(uri)
-    assert obj.exists
-    assert obj.path == "foo/bar/files/a.txt"
-    assert str(obj).startswith("s3://")
-    assert str(obj).endswith("files/a.txt")
-    assert repr(obj).startswith("<S3 s3://")
-    assert repr(obj).endswith("files/a.txt/>")
-    assert not obj.dir
-
-
-def test_Unix():
-    uri = fixture_uri("files/a.txt")
-    obj = Unix(uri)
-    assert obj.exists
-    assert obj.path == uri.replace("file://", "")
-    assert str(obj).startswith("file://")
-    assert str(obj).endswith("files/a.txt")
-    assert repr(obj).startswith("<Unix file://")
-    assert repr(obj).endswith("files/a.txt/>")
-
-
-def test_Unix_bad_file(tmp_path):
-    with raises(FileNotFoundError):
-        Unix(uri=(tmp_path / "no-such-file").as_uri())
-
-
-def test_Unix_bad_path_type():
-    with raises(TypeError):
-        Unix(uri=None)  # type: ignore
-
-
-def test_Unix_bad_prefixes():
-    with raises(ValueError):
-        Unix(uri="foo:///bad/prefix")
-    with raises(ValueError):
-        Unix(uri="/no/prefix/at/all")
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/files/test___init__.py b/src/uwtools/tests/files/test___init__.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 9db6c987d..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/files/test___init__.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
-
-
-from uwtools import files
-
-
-def test_imports():
-    # Test that the expected modules have been imported into this package:
-    for member in (
-        "File",
-        "FileManager",
-        "Prefixes",
-        "S3",
-        "S3FileManager",
-        "Unix",
-        "UnixFileManager",
-    ):
-        assert hasattr(files, member)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16.yaml
index e89f229c5..eb592eaab 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16.yaml
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16.yaml
@@ -1,54 +1,54 @@
 sphum:
   longname: specific humidity
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 liq_wat:
   longname: cloud water mixing ratio
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 rainwat:
   longname: rain mixing ratio
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 ice_wat:
   longname: cloud ice mixing ratio
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 snowwat:
   longname: snow mixing ratio
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 graupel:
   longname: graupel mixing ratio
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 o3mr:
   longname: ozone mixing ratio
   units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
 sgs_tke:
   longname: subgrid scale turbulent kinetic energy
   units: m2/s2
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 0.0
 cld_amt:
   longname: cloud amount
   units: 1
-  profile_type: 
+  profile_type:
     name: fixed
     surface_value: 1.e30
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16_update.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16_update.yaml
index f7004ce66..e692f7b12 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16_update.yaml
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/FV3_GFS_v16_update.yaml
@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
-sphum:
-  longname: specific humidity
-  units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
-    name: fixed
-    surface_value: 2.0
-liq_wat:
-  longname: cloud water mixing ratio
-  units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
-    name: fixed
-    surface_value: 2.0
-rainwat:
-  longname: rain mixing ratio
-  units: kg/kg
-  profile_type: 
-    name: fixed
-    surface_value: 2.0
-
+forecast:
+  field_table:
+    update_values:
+      sphum:
+        longname: specific humidity
+        units: kg/kg
+        profile_type:
+          name: fixed
+          surface_value: 2.0
+      liq_wat:
+        longname: cloud water mixing ratio
+        units: kg/kg
+        profile_type:
+          name: fixed
+          surface_value: 2.0
+      rainwat:
+        longname: rain mixing ratio
+        units: kg/kg
+        profile_type:
+          name: fixed
+          surface_value: 2.0
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/expt_dir.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/expt_dir.yaml
index ea1ea7572..77ffab919 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/expt_dir.yaml
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/expt_dir.yaml
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
-cycledep:
-  INPUT/gfs_data.nc: path/to/gfs_data.tile7.halo0.nc 
+cycle_dependent:
+  INPUT/gfs_data.nc: path/to/gfs_data.tile7.halo0.nc
   INPUT/sfc_data.nc: path/to/sfc_data.tile7.halo0.nc
   INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile7.000.nc: path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.000.nc
-  INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc: path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc 
+  INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc: path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc
   INPUT/gfs_ctrl.nc: path/to/gfs_ctrl.nc
-static: 
+  RESTART/:
+    - path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.000.nc
+    - path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc
+static:
   co2historicaldata_2010.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2010.txt
   co2historicaldata_2011.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2011.txt
   co2historicaldata_2012.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2012.txt
@@ -13,4 +16,4 @@ static:
   co2historicaldata_2015.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2015.txt
   co2historicaldata_2016.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2016.txt
   co2historicaldata_2017.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2017.txt
-  co2historicaldata_2018.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2018.txt
\ No newline at end of file
+  co2historicaldata_2018.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2018.txt
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/forecast.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/forecast.yaml
index 7dc5f3bfb..945ac4c7f 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/forecast.yaml
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/forecast.yaml
@@ -1,17 +1,36 @@
-platform:
-  MPICMD: srun
+user:
   account: user_account
+platform:
+  mpicmd: srun
+  scheduler: slurm
+preprocessing:
+  lateral_boundary_conditions:
+    interval_hours: 3
+    offset: 0
+    output_file_path: "gfs_bndy.tile{tile}.f{forecast_hour}.nc"
 forecast:
-  MODEL: FV3
-  EXEC_NAME: test_exec.py
-  RUN_DIRECTORY: src/uwtools/tests/drivers/
-  CYCLEDEP:
-    INPUT/gfs_data.nc: path/to/gfs_data.tile7.halo0.nc 
+  model: FV3
+  executable: test_exec.py
+  run_dir: some/path
+  domain: regional
+  length: 12
+  jobinfo:
+    nodes: 1
+    tasks_per_node: 1
+    walltime: 00:01:00
+    queue: batch
+  runtime_info:
+    threads: 1
+    stacksize: 512m
+    mpi_args:
+      - "--export=NONE"
+  cycle_dependent:
+    INPUT/gfs_data.nc: path/to/gfs_data.tile7.halo0.nc
     INPUT/sfc_data.nc: path/to/sfc_data.tile7.halo0.nc
     INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile7.000.nc: path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.000.nc
-    INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc: path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc 
+    INPUT/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc: path/to/gfs_bndy.tile7.006.nc
     INPUT/gfs_ctrl.nc: path/to/gfs_ctrl.nc
-  STATIC:
+  static:
     co2historicaldata_2010.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2010.txt
     co2historicaldata_2011.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2011.txt
     co2historicaldata_2012.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2012.txt
@@ -21,4 +40,3 @@ forecast:
     co2historicaldata_2016.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2016.txt
     co2historicaldata_2017.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2017.txt
     co2historicaldata_2018.txt: src/uwtools/drivers/global_co2historicaldata_2018.txt
-  VERBOSE: false
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/fruit_config.ini b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/fruit_config.ini
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9de999eba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/fruit_config.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+[config]
+fruit = papaya
+vegetable = eggplant
+how_many = 17
+dressing = ranch
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/fruit_config_similar_for_fcst.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/fruit_config_similar_for_fcst.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04d64a029
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/fruit_config_similar_for_fcst.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+forecast:
+  model_configure:
+    update_values:
+      fruit: papaya
+      vegetable: peas
+      how_many: 17
+      dressing: ranch
+      topping: crouton
+      size: large
+      meat: chicken
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/gfs.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/gfs.yaml
deleted file mode 100644
index 457c0037e..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/gfs.yaml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# Model-related definitions
-# -------------------------
-
-model: gfs
-target: ufs-weather-model
-
-fcst:
-  horizontal_resolution: c768
-  vertical_resolution: 64
-  x_grid_points: 100
-  y_grid_points: 100
-  length: 12
-  freq: 3
-  output_hours: '{% for h in range(0, length, freq) %}{{ "%d " % h }}{% endfor %}'
-
-executable: '{{ UFSEXEC }}'
-undefined_env: '{{ NOPE }}'
-
-filetype: gfs
-datapath: '{{ [experiment_dir, current_cycle] | path_join }}'
-filename_core: 'fv_core.res.nc'
-
-
-testupdate: '{{ updatethis }}'
-updatethis: 'testpassed'
-
-grid_stats:
-  total_ens_points: '{{ (num_ens_members * total_points ) // 1 }}'
-  num_ens_members: 30
-  points_per_level: '{{ total_ens_points // num_ens_members // fcst.vertical_resolution }}'
-  ref_fcst: '{{ fcst.vertical_resolution }}'
-  total_points: '{{ fcst.x_grid_points * fcst.y_grid_points * fcst.vertical_resolution }}'
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.xml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.xml
index c0c49d53e..f4f50e7f7 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.xml
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.xml
@@ -2,43 +2,29 @@
 <!DOCTYPE workflow [
   <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
   <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
-
 ]>
 <workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm" >
   <cycledef group="howdy">202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00</cycledef>
-
   <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
-  
   <task name="hello" cycledefs="howdy" maxtries="2" >
     <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
     <command>echo hello $person</command>
     <jobname>hello</jobname>
     <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
     <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
-
-    
     <envar><name>person</name><value>siri</value></envar>
-
-    
   </task>
-  
   <metatask name="ensemble_hello" >
-    
     <var name="member">foo bar baz</var>
-      
     <task name="hello_#member#" cycledefs="howdy" maxtries="1" >
       <account>&ACCOUNT;</account>
       <command>echo hello #member#</command>
       <nodes>1:ppn=1</nodes>
       <walltime>00:01:00</walltime>
       <jobname>hello_#member#</jobname>
-
-      
-
       <dependency>
         <taskdep task="hello"/>
       </dependency>
     </task>
   </metatask>
-
 </workflow>
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.yaml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.yaml
index 3f5bb1672..b7d524ae5 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.yaml
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/hello_workflow.yaml
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+workflow:
   attrs:
     realtime: false
     scheduler: slurm
-  cycledefs:
-    howdy: 
-      - 202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00
+  cycledef:
+    - attrs:
+        activation_offset: -06:00
+        group: howdy
+      spec: 202209290000 202209300000 06:00:00
   entities:
     ACCOUNT: myaccount
     FOO: test.log
@@ -15,7 +18,11 @@
         maxtries: "2"
       account: "&ACCOUNT;"
       command: "echo hello $person"
-      jobname: hello
+      jobname:
+        cyclestr:
+          attrs:
+            offset: 01:00
+          value: hello-@Y@m@d@H
       nodes: 1:ppn=1
       walltime: 00:01:00
       envars:
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.ini b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.ini
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a096c1ac7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.ini
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+[config]
+salad_include = !INCLUDE [./fruit_config.ini]
+meat = beef
+dressing = poppyseed
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.sh b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.sh
index e7443d185..9b8ab8e08 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.sh
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/include_files.sh
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-salad_include=!INCLUDE [./fruit_config.sh]
+salad_include="!INCLUDE [./fruit_config.sh]"
 meat=beef
 dressing=poppyseed
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/rocoto_invalid.xml b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/rocoto_invalid.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index 22a36aca0..000000000
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/rocoto_invalid.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE workflow [
-  <!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">
-  <!ENTITY FOO "test.log">
-
-]>
-<workflow realtime="False" scheduler="slurm" >
-  <!-- cycldef tag has intentionally been removed to fail Rocoto schema validation
-  cycledef is required and defines the set of cycles to be run for the workflow
-  -->
-  <log>/some/path/to/&FOO;</log>
-  
-</workflow>
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.ini b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.ini
index 3dd15192b..3731a5c5b 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.ini
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.ini
@@ -4,4 +4,3 @@ fruit = banana
 vegetable = tomato
 how_many = 12
 dressing = balsamic
-
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.sh b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.sh
index b265df7f1..88504ebc8 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.sh
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple.sh
@@ -3,3 +3,5 @@ fruit=banana
 vegetable=tomato
 how_many=12
 dressing=balsamic
+# dressing=poison -- ensure that shlex ignores comments
+echo this will be ignored, too
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple2.ini b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple2.ini
index 9db2c3b18..173ec5aa3 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple2.ini
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple2.ini
@@ -5,4 +5,3 @@ vegetable = tomato
 how_many = 17
 dressing = balsamic
 topping = crouton
-
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple3.ini b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple3.ini
index ae33f094c..ccfcf3b32 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple3.ini
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/fixtures/simple3.ini
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 base = kale
 fruit = banana
 vegetable = tomato
-how_many = {{amount}}
+how_many = {{ amount }}
 dressing = balsamic
 toppings =
 meat =
 [dessert]
 type = pie
-flavor = {{flavor}}
+flavor = {{ flavor }}
 side = False
 servings = 0
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/support.py b/src/uwtools/tests/support.py
index 8444c306c..8c7ada7a4 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/support.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/support.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
 
+import re
 from importlib import resources
 from pathlib import Path
 
@@ -11,16 +12,9 @@ def compare_files(path1: str, path2: str) -> bool:
     Determines whether the two given files are identical up to any number of trailing newlines,
     which are ignored. Print the contents of both files when they do not match.
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    path1
-        Path to first file
-    path2
-        Path to second file
-
-    Returns
-    -------
-    A bool indicating whether or not the files match.
+    :param path1: Path to first file.
+    :param path2: Path to second file.
+    :return: Do the files match?
     """
     with open(path1, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
         content1 = f.read().rstrip("\n")
@@ -40,12 +34,9 @@ def fixture_pathobj(suffix: str = "") -> Path:
     """
     Returns a pathlib Path object to a test-fixture resource file.
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    suffix
-        A subpath relative to the location of the unit-test fixture resource
-        files. The prefix path to the resources files is known to Python and
-        varies based on installation location.
+    :param suffix: A subpath relative to the location of the unit-test fixture resource files. The
+        prefix path to the resources files is known to Python and varies based on installation
+        location.
     """
     with resources.as_file(resources.files("uwtools.tests.fixtures")) as prefix:
         path = prefix / suffix
@@ -56,12 +47,9 @@ def fixture_path(suffix: str = "") -> str:
     """
     Returns a POSIX path to a test-fixture resource file.
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    suffix
-        A subpath relative to the location of the unit-test fixture resource
-        files. The prefix path to the resources files is known to Python and
-        varies based on installation location.
+    :param suffix: A subpath relative to the location of the unit-test fixture resource files. The
+        prefix path to the resources files is known to Python and varies based on installation
+        location.
     """
     return fixture_pathobj(suffix).as_posix()
 
@@ -70,12 +58,9 @@ def fixture_uri(suffix: str = "") -> str:
     """
     Returns a file:// URI path to a test-fixture resource file.
 
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    suffix
-        A subpath relative to the location of the unit-test fixture resource
-        files. The prefix path to the resources files is known to Python and
-        varies based on installation location.
+    :param suffix: A subpath relative to the location of the unit-test fixture resource files. The
+        prefix path to the resources files is known to Python and varies based on installation
+        location.
     """
     return fixture_pathobj(suffix).as_uri()
 
@@ -86,5 +71,18 @@ def logged(caplog: LogCaptureFixture, msg: str) -> bool:
 
     :param caplog: The pytest log capture.
     :param msg: The message sought.
+    :return: Does it?
     """
     return msg in [record.message for record in caplog.records]
+
+
+def regex_logged(caplog: LogCaptureFixture, msg: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Does the given regex match a line in the log capture?
+
+    :param caplog: The pytest log capture.
+    :param msg: The regex sought.
+    :return: Does it?
+    """
+    pattern = re.compile(re.escape(msg))
+    return any(pattern.search(record.message) for record in caplog.records)
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_cli.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_cli.py
index 56101fd36..eb3909a2e 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_cli.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_cli.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 import logging
 import sys
 from argparse import ArgumentParser as Parser
-from argparse import Namespace as ns
 from argparse import _SubParsersAction
 from typing import List
 from unittest.mock import patch
@@ -11,8 +10,16 @@
 import pytest
 from pytest import fixture, raises
 
+import uwtools.api.config
+import uwtools.api.forecast
+import uwtools.api.rocoto
+import uwtools.api.template
+import uwtools.drivers.forecast
 from uwtools import cli
 from uwtools.cli import STR
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.tests.support import logged
 from uwtools.utils.file import FORMAT
 
 # Test functions
@@ -27,12 +34,7 @@ def test__abort(capsys):
 
 def test__add_subparser_config(subparsers):
     cli._add_subparser_config(subparsers)
-    assert submodes(subparsers.choices[STR.config]) == [
-        STR.compare,
-        STR.realize,
-        STR.translate,
-        STR.validate,
-    ]
+    assert actions(subparsers.choices[STR.config]) == [STR.compare, STR.realize, STR.validate]
 
 
 def test__add_subparser_config_compare(subparsers):
@@ -45,11 +47,6 @@ def test__add_subparser_config_realize(subparsers):
     assert subparsers.choices[STR.realize]
 
 
-def test__add_subparser_config_translate(subparsers):
-    cli._add_subparser_config_translate(subparsers)
-    assert subparsers.choices[STR.translate]
-
-
 def test__add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers):
     cli._add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers)
     assert subparsers.choices[STR.validate]
@@ -57,7 +54,7 @@ def test__add_subparser_config_validate(subparsers):
 
 def test__add_subparser_forecast(subparsers):
     cli._add_subparser_forecast(subparsers)
-    assert submodes(subparsers.choices[STR.forecast]) == [STR.run]
+    assert actions(subparsers.choices[STR.forecast]) == [STR.run]
 
 
 def test__add_subparser_forecast_run(subparsers):
@@ -67,7 +64,7 @@ def test__add_subparser_forecast_run(subparsers):
 
 def test__add_subparser_template(subparsers):
     cli._add_subparser_template(subparsers)
-    assert submodes(subparsers.choices[STR.template]) == [STR.render]
+    assert actions(subparsers.choices[STR.template]) == [STR.render, STR.translate]
 
 
 def test__add_subparser_template_render(subparsers):
@@ -75,6 +72,11 @@ def test__add_subparser_template_render(subparsers):
     assert subparsers.choices[STR.render]
 
 
+def test__add_subparser_template_translate(subparsers):
+    cli._add_subparser_template_translate(subparsers)
+    assert subparsers.choices[STR.translate]
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "vals",
     [
@@ -89,8 +91,7 @@ def test__check_file_vs_format_fail(capsys, vals):
     # When reading/writing from/to stdin/stdout, the data format must be specified, since there is
     # no filename to deduce it from.
     file_arg, format_arg = vals
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({file_arg: None, format_arg: None})
+    args = dict(file_arg=None, format_arg=None)
     with raises(SystemExit):
         cli._check_file_vs_format(file_arg=file_arg, format_arg=format_arg, args=args)
     assert (
@@ -100,80 +101,73 @@ def test__check_file_vs_format_fail(capsys, vals):
 
 
 def test__check_file_vs_format_pass_explicit():
-    # Accept explcitly-specified format, whatever it is.
+    # Accept explicitly-specified format, whatever it is.
     fmt = "jpg"
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.infile: "/path/to/input.txt", STR.infmt: fmt})
+    args = {STR.infile: "/path/to/input.txt", STR.infmt: fmt}
     args = cli._check_file_vs_format(
         file_arg=STR.infile,
         format_arg=STR.infmt,
         args=args,
     )
-    assert args.input_format == fmt
+    assert args[STR.infmt] == fmt
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt", vars(FORMAT).keys())
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fmt", FORMAT.formats())
 def test__check_file_vs_format_pass_implicit(fmt):
     # The format is correctly deduced for a file with a known extension.
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.infile: f"/path/to/input.{fmt}", STR.infmt: None})
+    args = {STR.infile: f"/path/to/input.{fmt}", STR.infmt: None}
     args = cli._check_file_vs_format(
         file_arg=STR.infile,
         format_arg=STR.infmt,
         args=args,
     )
-    assert args.input_format == vars(FORMAT)[fmt]
-
-
-def test__check_quiet_vs_verbose_fail(capsys):
-    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.quiet: True, STR.verbose: True})
-    with raises(SystemExit):
-        cli._check_quiet_vs_verbose(args)
-    assert (
-        "Specify at most one of %s, %s" % (cli._switch(STR.quiet), cli._switch(STR.verbose))
-        in capsys.readouterr().err
-    )
-
-
-def test__check_quiet_vs_verbose_ok():
-    args = ns(foo=88)
-    assert cli._check_quiet_vs_verbose(args) == args
+    assert args[STR.infmt] == vars(FORMAT)[fmt]
 
 
 def test__check_template_render_vals_args_implicit_fail():
     # The values-file format cannot be deduced from the filename.
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args)[STR.valsfile] = "a.jpg"
-    with raises(ValueError) as e:
+    args = {STR.valsfile: "a.jpg"}
+    with raises(UWError) as e:
         cli._check_template_render_vals_args(args)
     assert "Cannot deduce format" in str(e.value)
 
 
 def test__check_template_render_vals_args_implicit_pass():
     # The values-file format is deduced from the filename.
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args)[STR.valsfile] = "a.yaml"
+    args = {STR.valsfile: "a.yaml"}
     checked = cli._check_template_render_vals_args(args)
-    assert vars(checked)[STR.valsfmt] == FORMAT.yaml
+    assert checked[STR.valsfmt] == FORMAT.yaml
 
 
 def test__check_template_render_vals_args_noop_no_valsfile():
     # No values file is provided, so format is irrelevant.
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args)[STR.valsfile] = None
+    args = {STR.valsfile: None}
     assert cli._check_template_render_vals_args(args) == args
 
 
 def test__check_template_render_vals_args_noop_explicit_valsfmt():
     # An explicit values format is honored, valid or not.
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args)[STR.valsfile] = "a.txt"
-    vars(args)[STR.valsfmt] = "jpg"
+    args = {STR.valsfile: "a.txt", STR.valsfmt: "jpg"}
     assert cli._check_template_render_vals_args(args) == args
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("flag", (STR.debug, STR.verbose))
+def test__check_verbosity_fail(capsys, flag):
+    log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
+    args = {STR.quiet: True, flag: True}
+    with raises(SystemExit):
+        cli._check_verbosity(args)
+    assert "--quiet may not be used with --debug or --verbose" in capsys.readouterr().err
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "flags", ([STR.debug], [STR.quiet], [STR.verbose], [STR.debug, STR.verbose])
+)
+def test__check_verbosity_ok(flags):
+    args = {flag: True for flag in flags}
+    assert cli._check_verbosity(args) == args
+
+
 def test__dict_from_key_eq_val_strings():
     assert not cli._dict_from_key_eq_val_strings([])
     assert cli._dict_from_key_eq_val_strings(["a=1", "b=2"]) == {"a": "1", "b": "2"}
@@ -184,138 +178,262 @@ def test__dict_from_key_eq_val_strings():
     [
         (STR.compare, "_dispatch_config_compare"),
         (STR.realize, "_dispatch_config_realize"),
-        (STR.translate, "_dispatch_config_translate"),
         (STR.validate, "_dispatch_config_validate"),
     ],
 )
 def test__dispatch_config(params):
-    submode, funcname = params
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.submode: submode})
-    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as m:
+    action, funcname = params
+    args = {STR.action: action}
+    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as func:
         cli._dispatch_config(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
+    func.assert_called_once_with(args)
 
 
 def test__dispatch_config_compare():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.file1path: 1, STR.file1fmt: 2, STR.file2path: 3, STR.file2fmt: 4})
-    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.config.core, "compare_configs") as m:
+    args = {STR.file1path: 1, STR.file1fmt: 2, STR.file2path: 3, STR.file2fmt: 4}
+    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.api.config, "compare") as compare:
         cli._dispatch_config_compare(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
+    compare.assert_called_once_with(
+        config_1_path=args[STR.file1path],
+        config_1_format=args[STR.file1fmt],
+        config_2_path=args[STR.file2path],
+        config_2_format=args[STR.file2fmt],
+    )
 
 
 def test__dispatch_config_realize():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update(
-        {
-            STR.infile: 1,
-            STR.infmt: 2,
-            STR.outfile: 3,
-            STR.outfmt: 4,
-            STR.valsfile: 5,
-            STR.valsfmt: 6,
-            STR.valsneeded: 7,
-            STR.dryrun: 8,
-        }
-    )
-    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.config.core, "realize_config") as m:
+    args = {
+        STR.infile: 1,
+        STR.infmt: 2,
+        STR.outfile: 3,
+        STR.outfmt: 4,
+        STR.suppfiles: 5,
+        STR.valsneeded: 6,
+        STR.dryrun: 7,
+    }
+    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.api.config, "realize") as realize:
         cli._dispatch_config_realize(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
-
-
-def test__dispatch_config_translate_arparse_to_jinja2():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update(
-        {
-            STR.infile: 1,
-            STR.infmt: FORMAT.atparse,
-            STR.outfile: 3,
-            STR.outfmt: FORMAT.jinja2,
-            STR.dryrun: 5,
-        }
+    realize.assert_called_once_with(
+        input_config=1,
+        input_format=2,
+        output_file=3,
+        output_format=4,
+        supplemental_configs=5,
+        values_needed=6,
+        dry_run=7,
     )
-    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.config.atparse_to_jinja2, "convert") as m:
-        cli._dispatch_config_translate(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
 
 
-def test_dispath_config_translate_unsupported():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update(
-        {STR.infile: 1, STR.infmt: "jpg", STR.outfile: 3, STR.outfmt: "png", STR.dryrun: 5}
+def test__dispatch_config_realize_no_optional():
+    args = {
+        STR.infile: None,
+        STR.infmt: None,
+        STR.outfile: None,
+        STR.outfmt: None,
+        STR.suppfiles: ["/foo.vals"],
+        STR.valsneeded: False,
+        STR.dryrun: False,
+    }
+    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.api.config, "realize") as realize:
+        cli._dispatch_config_realize(args)
+    realize.assert_called_once_with(
+        input_config=None,
+        input_format=None,
+        output_file=None,
+        output_format=None,
+        supplemental_configs=["/foo.vals"],
+        values_needed=False,
+        dry_run=False,
     )
-    assert cli._dispatch_config_translate(args) is False
-
-
-def test__dispatch_config_validate_yaml():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.infile: 1, STR.infmt: FORMAT.yaml, STR.schemafile: 3})
-    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.config.validator, "validate_yaml") as m:
-        cli._dispatch_config_validate(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
 
 
-def test_dispath_config_validate_unsupported():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.infile: 1, STR.infmt: "jpg", STR.schemafile: 3})
-    assert cli._dispatch_config_validate(args) is False
+def test__dispatch_config_validate_config_obj():
+    config = uwtools.api.config._YAMLConfig(config={})
+    _dispatch_config_validate_args = {STR.schemafile: 1, STR.infile: config}
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.config, "_validate_yaml") as _validate_yaml:
+        cli._dispatch_config_validate(_dispatch_config_validate_args)
+    _validate_yaml_args = {STR.schemafile: 1, STR.config: config}
+    _validate_yaml.assert_called_once_with(**_validate_yaml_args)
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("params", [(STR.run, "_dispatch_forecast_run")])
 def test__dispatch_forecast(params):
-    submode, funcname = params
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.submode: submode})
-    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as m:
+    action, funcname = params
+    args = {STR.action: action}
+    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as module:
         cli._dispatch_forecast(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
+    module.assert_called_once_with(args)
 
 
 def test__dispatch_forecast_run():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.cfgfile: 1, "forecast_model": "foo"})
-    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.drivers.forecast, "FooForecast", create=True) as m:
-        CLASSES = {"foo": getattr(cli.uwtools.drivers.forecast, "FooForecast")}
-        with patch.object(cli.uwtools.drivers.forecast, "CLASSES", new=CLASSES):
+    args = {
+        STR.batch_script: None,
+        STR.cfgfile: 1,
+        STR.cycle: "2023-01-01T00:00:00",
+        STR.dryrun: True,
+        STR.model: "foo",
+    }
+    with patch.object(uwtools.drivers.forecast, "FooForecast", create=True) as FooForecast:
+        CLASSES = {"foo": getattr(uwtools.drivers.forecast, "FooForecast")}
+        with patch.object(uwtools.api.forecast, "_CLASSES", new=CLASSES):
             cli._dispatch_forecast_run(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
-    m().run.assert_called_once_with()
+    FooForecast.assert_called_once_with(batch_script=None, config_file=1, dry_run=True)
+    FooForecast().run.assert_called_once_with(cycle="2023-01-01T00:00:00")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "params",
+    [
+        (STR.realize, "_dispatch_rocoto_realize"),
+        (STR.validate, "_dispatch_rocoto_validate"),
+    ],
+)
+def test__dispatch_rocoto(params):
+    action, funcname = params
+    args = {STR.action: action}
+    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as module:
+        cli._dispatch_rocoto(args)
+    module.assert_called_once_with(args)
+
+
+def test__dispatch_rocoto_realize():
+    args = {STR.infile: 1, STR.outfile: 2}
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.rocoto, "_realize") as _realize:
+        cli._dispatch_rocoto_realize(args)
+    _realize.assert_called_once_with(config=1, output_file=2)
+
+
+def test__dispatch_rocoto_realize_no_optional():
+    args = {STR.infile: None, STR.outfile: None}
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.rocoto, "_realize") as module:
+        cli._dispatch_rocoto_realize(args)
+    module.assert_called_once_with(config=None, output_file=None)
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("params", [(STR.render, "_dispatch_template_render")])
+def test__dispatch_rocoto_validate_xml():
+    args = {STR.infile: 1}
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.rocoto, "_validate") as _validate:
+        cli._dispatch_rocoto_validate(args)
+    _validate.assert_called_once_with(xml_file=1)
+
+
+def test__dispatch_rocoto_validate_xml_invalid():
+    args = {STR.infile: 1, STR.verbose: False}
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.rocoto, "_validate", return_value=False):
+        assert cli._dispatch_rocoto_validate(args) is False
+
+
+def test__dispatch_rocoto_validate_xml_no_optional():
+    args = {STR.infile: None, STR.verbose: False}
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.rocoto, "_validate") as validate:
+        cli._dispatch_rocoto_validate(args)
+    validate.assert_called_once_with(xml_file=None)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "params",
+    [(STR.render, "_dispatch_template_render"), (STR.translate, "_dispatch_template_translate")],
+)
 def test__dispatch_template(params):
-    submode, funcname = params
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update({STR.submode: submode})
-    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as m:
+    action, funcname = params
+    args = {STR.action: action}
+    with patch.object(cli, funcname) as func:
         cli._dispatch_template(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
+    func.assert_called_once_with(args)
+
+
+def test__dispatch_template_render_no_optional():
+    args: dict = {
+        STR.infile: None,
+        STR.outfile: None,
+        STR.valsfile: None,
+        STR.valsfmt: None,
+        STR.keyvalpairs: [],
+        STR.valsneeded: False,
+        STR.dryrun: False,
+    }
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.template, "render") as render:
+        cli._dispatch_template_render(args)
+    render.assert_called_once_with(
+        input_file=None,
+        output_file=None,
+        values=None,
+        values_format=None,
+        overrides={},
+        values_needed=False,
+        dry_run=False,
+    )
 
 
 def test__dispatch_template_render_yaml():
-    args = ns()
-    vars(args).update(
-        {
-            STR.infile: 1,
-            STR.outfile: 2,
-            STR.valsfile: 3,
-            STR.valsfmt: 4,
-            STR.keyvalpairs: ["foo=88", "bar=99"],
-            STR.valsneeded: 6,
-            STR.dryrun: 7,
-        }
-    )
-    with patch.object(cli.uwtools.config.templater, STR.render) as m:
+    args = {
+        STR.infile: 1,
+        STR.outfile: 2,
+        STR.valsfile: 3,
+        STR.valsfmt: 4,
+        STR.keyvalpairs: ["foo=88", "bar=99"],
+        STR.valsneeded: 6,
+        STR.dryrun: 7,
+    }
+    with patch.object(uwtools.api.template, "render") as render:
         cli._dispatch_template_render(args)
-    assert m.called_once_with(args)
+    render.assert_called_once_with(
+        input_file=1,
+        output_file=2,
+        values=3,
+        values_format=4,
+        overrides={"foo": "88", "bar": "99"},
+        values_needed=6,
+        dry_run=7,
+    )
+
+
+def test__dispatch_template_translate():
+    args = {
+        STR.infile: 1,
+        STR.outfile: 2,
+        STR.dryrun: 3,
+    }
+    with patch.object(
+        uwtools.api.template, "_convert_atparse_to_jinja2"
+    ) as _convert_atparse_to_jinja2:
+        cli._dispatch_template_translate(args)
+    _convert_atparse_to_jinja2.assert_called_once_with(input_file=1, output_file=2, dry_run=3)
+
+
+def test__dispatch_template_translate_no_optional():
+    args = {
+        STR.dryrun: False,
+        STR.infile: None,
+        STR.outfile: None,
+    }
+    with patch.object(
+        uwtools.api.template, "_convert_atparse_to_jinja2"
+    ) as _convert_atparse_to_jinja2:
+        cli._dispatch_template_translate(args)
+    _convert_atparse_to_jinja2.assert_called_once_with(
+        input_file=None, output_file=None, dry_run=False
+    )
+
+
+def test_main_debug_logs_stacktrace(caplog):
+    log.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+    msg = "Test failed intentionally"
+    with patch.object(cli, "_parse_args", side_effect=Exception(msg)):
+        with patch.object(sys, "argv", cli._switch(STR.debug)):
+            with raises(SystemExit):
+                cli.main()
+                assert logged(caplog, "Traceback (most recent call last):")
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("quiet", [True])
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("verbose", [False])
-def test_main_fail_checks(capsys, quiet, verbose):
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("debug", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("quiet", [False, True])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("verbose", [False, True])
+def test_main_fail_checks(capsys, debug, quiet, verbose):
     # Using mode 'template render' for testing.
     raw_args = ["testing", STR.template, STR.render]
+    if debug:
+        raw_args.append(cli._switch(STR.debug))
     if quiet:
         raw_args.append(cli._switch(STR.quiet))
     if verbose:
@@ -324,9 +442,11 @@ def test_main_fail_checks(capsys, quiet, verbose):
         with patch.object(cli, "_dispatch_template", return_value=True):
             with raises(SystemExit) as e:
                 cli.main()
-            if quiet and verbose:
+            if quiet and (debug or verbose):
                 assert e.value.code == 1
-                assert "Specify at most one of" in capsys.readouterr().err
+                assert (
+                    "--quiet may not be used with --debug or --verbose" in capsys.readouterr().err
+                )
             else:
                 assert e.value.code == 0
 
@@ -363,9 +483,8 @@ def test__parse_args():
 # Helper functions
 
 
-def submodes(parser: Parser) -> List[str]:
-    # Return submodes (named subparsers) belonging to the given parser. For some background, see
-    # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/43688450.
+def actions(parser: Parser) -> List[str]:
+    # Return actions (named subparsers) belonging to the given parser.
     if actions := [x for x in parser._actions if isinstance(x, _SubParsersAction)]:
         return list(actions[0].choices.keys())
     return []
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_logging.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_logging.py
index 240f3c0e8..6cba77952 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_logging.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_logging.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access
 """
 Tests for uwtools.logging module.
 """
@@ -50,3 +50,13 @@ def test_setup_logging_verbose():
             format=ANY,
             level=logging.DEBUG,
         )
+
+
+def test_use_logger():
+    with patch.object(uwtools.logging, "log", uwtools.logging._Logger()):
+        # Initially, uwtools logging uses the Python root logger:
+        assert uwtools.logging.log.logger == logging.getLogger()
+        # But the logger can be swapped to use a logger of choice:
+        test_logger = logging.getLogger("test-logger")
+        uwtools.logging.use_logger(test_logger)
+        assert uwtools.logging.log.logger == test_logger
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_rocoto.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_rocoto.py
index f00b74040..7cd6ecb87 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_rocoto.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_rocoto.py
@@ -1,69 +1,535 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring, protected-access
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
 """
 Tests for uwtools.rocoto module.
 """
 
-from importlib import resources
+from typing import Callable, List
+from unittest.mock import DEFAULT as D
+from unittest.mock import PropertyMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 import yaml
-from lxml import etree
+from pytest import fixture, raises
 
 from uwtools import rocoto
-from uwtools.tests import support
-
-# Test functions
-
-
-def test_add_jobname():
-    expected = yaml.safe_load(
-        """
-task_hello:
-  command: echo hello 
-  jobname: hello
-metatask_howdy:
-  foo: bar
-  task_howdy_#mem#:
-    command: echo hello 
-    jobname: howdy_#mem#
-"""
+from uwtools.config.formats.yaml import YAMLConfig
+from uwtools.config.validator import _validation_errors
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWConfigError, UWError
+from uwtools.tests.support import fixture_path
+from uwtools.utils.file import resource_pathobj
+
+# Fixtures
+
+
+@fixture
+def assets(tmp_path):
+    return fixture_path("hello_workflow.yaml"), tmp_path / "rocoto.xml"
+
+
+@fixture
+def validation_assets(tmp_path):
+    xml_file_good = fixture_path("hello_workflow.xml")
+    with open(xml_file_good, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        xml_string_good = f.read()
+    xml_string_bad = "<bad/>"
+    xml_file_bad = tmp_path / "bad.xml"
+    with open(xml_file_bad, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        print(xml_string_bad, file=f)
+    return xml_file_bad, xml_file_good, xml_string_bad, xml_string_good
+
+
+# Helpers
+
+
+def validator(*args) -> Callable:
+    # Supply, as args, zero or more keys leading through the schema dict to the sub-schema to be
+    # used to validate some input. This function returns a lambda that, when called with the input
+    # to test, returns a string (possibly empty) containing the validation errors.
+    with open(resource_pathobj("rocoto.jsonschema"), "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        schema = yaml.safe_load(f)
+    for arg in args:
+        schema = {"$defs": schema["$defs"], **schema[arg]}
+    return lambda config: "\n".join(str(x) for x in _validation_errors(config, schema))
+
+
+# Tests
+
+
+def test_realize_rocoto_invalid_xml(assets):
+    cfgfile, outfile = assets
+    with patch.object(rocoto, "validate_rocoto_xml_string") as vrxs:
+        vrxs.return_value = False
+        with raises(UWError):
+            rocoto.realize_rocoto_xml(config=cfgfile, output_file=outfile)
+
+
+def test_realize_rocoto_xml_cfg_to_file(assets):
+    cfgfile, outfile = assets
+    rocoto.realize_rocoto_xml(config=YAMLConfig(cfgfile), output_file=outfile)
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file=outfile)
+
+
+def test_realize_rocoto_xml_file_to_file(assets):
+    cfgfile, outfile = assets
+    rocoto.realize_rocoto_xml(config=cfgfile, output_file=outfile)
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file=outfile)
+
+
+def test_realize_rocoto_xml_cfg_to_stdout(capsys, assets):
+    cfgfile, outfile = assets
+    rocoto.realize_rocoto_xml(config=YAMLConfig(cfgfile))
+    with open(outfile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(capsys.readouterr().out)
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file=outfile)
+
+
+def test_realize_rocoto_xml_file_to_stdout(capsys, assets):
+    cfgfile, outfile = assets
+    rocoto.realize_rocoto_xml(config=cfgfile)
+    with open(outfile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write(capsys.readouterr().out)
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file=outfile)
+
+
+def test_validate_rocoto_xml_file_fail(validation_assets):
+    xml_file_bad, _, _, _ = validation_assets
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file=xml_file_bad) is False
+
+
+def test_validate_rocoto_xml_file_pass(validation_assets):
+    _, xml_file_good, _, _ = validation_assets
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(xml_file=xml_file_good) is True
+
+
+def test_validate_rocoto_xml_string_fail(validation_assets):
+    _, _, xml_string_bad, _ = validation_assets
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_string(xml=xml_string_bad) is False
+
+
+def test_validate_rocoto_xml_string_pass(validation_assets):
+    _, _, _, xml_string_good = validation_assets
+    assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_string(xml=xml_string_good) is True
+
+
+class Test__RocotoXML:
+    """
+    Tests for class uwtools.rocoto._RocotoXML.
+    """
+
+    @fixture
+    def instance(self, assets):
+        cfgfile, _ = assets
+        return rocoto._RocotoXML(config=cfgfile)
+
+    @fixture
+    def root(self):
+        return rocoto.Element("root")
+
+    def test_instantiate_from_cfgobj(self, assets):
+        cfgfile, _ = assets
+        assert rocoto._RocotoXML(config=YAMLConfig(cfgfile))._root.tag == "workflow"
+
+    def test__add_compound_time_string_basic(self, instance, root):
+        config = "bar"
+        instance._add_compound_time_string(e=root, config=config, tag="foo")
+        child = root[0]
+        assert child.tag == "foo"
+        assert child.text == "bar"
+
+    def test__add_compound_time_string_cyclestr(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"attrs": {"bar": "88"}, "cyclestr": {"attrs": {"baz": "99"}, "value": "qux"}}
+        instance._add_compound_time_string(e=root, config=config, tag="foo")
+        child = root[0]
+        assert child.get("bar") == "88"
+        cyclestr = child[0]
+        assert cyclestr.get("baz") == "99"
+        assert cyclestr.text == "qux"
+
+    def test__add_metatask(self, instance, root):
+        config = {
+            "metatask_foo": "1",
+            "attrs": {"mode": "parallel", "throttle": 88},
+            "task_bar": "2",
+            "var": {"baz": "3", "qux": "4"},
+        }
+        taskname = "test-metatask"
+        orig = instance._add_metatask
+        with patch.multiple(instance, _add_metatask=D, _add_task=D) as mocks:
+            orig(e=root, config=config, name_attr=taskname)
+        metatask = root[0]
+        assert metatask.tag == "metatask"
+        assert metatask.get("mode") == "parallel"
+        assert metatask.get("name") == taskname
+        assert metatask.get("throttle") == "88"
+        assert {e.get("name"): e.text for e in metatask.xpath("var")} == {"baz": "3", "qux": "4"}
+        mocks["_add_metatask"].assert_called_once_with(metatask, "1", "foo")
+        mocks["_add_task"].assert_called_once_with(metatask, "2", "bar")
+
+    def test__add_task(self, instance, root):
+        config = {
+            "attrs": {"foo": "1", "bar": "2"},
+            "account": "baz",
+            "dependency": "qux",
+            "envars": {"A": "apple"},
+        }
+        taskname = "test-task"
+        with patch.multiple(instance, _add_task_dependency=D, _add_task_envar=D) as mocks:
+            instance._add_task(e=root, config=config, name_attr=taskname)
+        task = root[0]
+        assert task.tag == "task"
+        assert task.get("name") == taskname
+        assert task.get("foo") == "1"
+        assert task.get("bar") == "2"
+        mocks["_add_task_dependency"].assert_called_once_with(task, "qux")
+        mocks["_add_task_envar"].assert_called_once_with(task, "A", "apple")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("cores", [1, "1"])
+    def test__add_task_cores_int_or_str(self, cores, instance, root):
+        # Ensure that either int or str "cores" values are accepted.
+        config = {"command": "c", "cores": cores, "walltime": "00:00:01"}
+        instance._add_task(e=root, config=config, name_attr="foo")
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_and(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"and": {"or_get_obs": {"taskdep": {"attrs": {"task": "foo"}}}}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        and_ = dependency[0]
+        assert and_.tag == "and"
+        assert and_.xpath("or[1]/taskdep")[0].get("task") == "foo"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value",
+        ["/some/file", {"cyclestr": {"value": "@Y@m@d@H", "attrs": {"offset": "06:00:00"}}}],
     )
+    def test__add_task_dependency_datadep(self, instance, root, value):
+        age = "00:00:02:00"
+        minsize = "1K"
+        config = {"datadep": {"attrs": {"age": age, "minsize": minsize}, "value": value}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        child = dependency[0]
+        assert child.tag == "datadep"
+        assert child.get("age") == age
+        assert child.get("minsize") == minsize
+        assert child.text == value if isinstance(value, str) else value["cyclestr"]["value"]
 
-    tree = yaml.safe_load(
-        """
-task_hello:
-  command: echo hello
-metatask_howdy:
-  foo: bar
-  task_howdy_#mem#:
-    command: echo hello 
-"""
+    def test__add_task_dependency_fail(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"unrecognized": "whatever"}
+        with raises(UWConfigError):
+            instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_fail_bad_operand(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"and": {"unrecognized": "whatever"}}
+        with raises(UWConfigError):
+            instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "tag_config",
+        [("and", {"strneq": {"attrs": {"left": "&RUN_GSI;", "right": "YES"}}})],
     )
+    def test__add_task_dependency_operator(self, instance, root, tag_config):
+        tag, config = tag_config
+        instance._add_task_dependency_child(e=root, config=config, tag=tag)
+        for tag, _ in config.items():
+            assert tag == next(iter(config))
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_operator_datadep_operand(self, instance, root):
+        value = "/some/file"
+        config = {"value": value}
+        instance._add_task_dependency_child(e=root, config=config, tag="datadep")
+        e = root[0]
+        assert e.tag == "datadep"
+        assert e.text == value
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_operator_task_operand(self, instance, root):
+        taskname = "some-task"
+        config = {"attrs": {"task": taskname}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency_child(e=root, config=config, tag="taskdep")
+        e = root[0]
+        assert e.tag == "taskdep"
+        assert e.get("task") == taskname
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_operator_timedep_operand(self, instance, root):
+        value = 20230103120000
+        config = value
+        instance._add_task_dependency_child(e=root, config=config, tag="timedep")
+        e = root[0]
+        assert e.tag == "timedep"
+        assert e.text == str(value)
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_sh(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"sh_foo": {"attrs": {"runopt": "-c", "shell": "/bin/bash"}, "command": "ls"}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        sh = dependency[0]
+        assert sh.tag == "sh"
+        assert sh.get("name") == "foo"
+        assert sh.get("runopt") == "-c"
+        assert sh.get("shell") == "/bin/bash"
+        assert sh.text == "ls"
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_streq(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"streq": {"attrs": {"left": "&RUN_GSI;", "right": "YES"}}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        streq = dependency[0]
+        assert streq.tag == "streq"
+        assert streq.get("left") == "&RUN_GSI;"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "config",
+        [
+            ("streq", {"attrs": {"left": "&RUN_GSI;", "right": "YES"}}),
+            ("strneq", {"attrs": {"left": "&RUN_GSI;", "right": "YES"}}),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test__add_task_dependency_strequality(self, config, instance, root):
+        tag, config = config
+        instance._add_task_dependency_strequality(e=root, config=config, tag=tag)
+        element = root[0]
+        assert tag == element.tag
+        for attr, val in config["attrs"].items():
+            assert element.get(attr) == val
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_taskdep(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"taskdep": {"attrs": {"task": "foo"}}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        child = dependency[0]
+        assert child.tag == "taskdep"
+        assert child.get("task") == "foo"
+
+    def test__add_task_dependency_taskvalid(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"taskvalid": {"attrs": {"task": "foo"}}}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        taskvalid = dependency[0]
+        assert taskvalid.tag == "taskvalid"
+        assert taskvalid.get("task") == "foo"
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "value",
+        [
+            "202301031200",
+            202301031200,
+            {"cyclestr": {"value": "@Y@m@d@H", "attrs": {"offset": "06:00:00"}}},
+        ],
+    )
+    def test__add_task_dependency_timedep(self, instance, root, value):
+        config = {"timedep": value}
+        instance._add_task_dependency(e=root, config=config)
+        dependency = root[0]
+        assert dependency.tag == "dependency"
+        child = dependency[0]
+        assert child.tag == "timedep"
+        if isinstance(value, dict):
+            assert child.xpath("cyclestr")[0].text == value["cyclestr"]["value"]
+        else:
+            assert child.text == str(value)
+
+    def test__config_validate_config(self, assets, instance):
+        cfgfile, _ = assets
+        instance._config_validate(config=YAMLConfig(cfgfile))
+
+    def test__config_validate_file(self, assets, instance):
+        cfgfile, _ = assets
+        instance._config_validate(config=cfgfile)
 
-    rocoto._add_jobname(tree)
-    assert expected == tree
+    def test__config_validate_config_fail(self, instance, tmp_path):
+        cfgfile = tmp_path / "bad.yaml"
+        with open(cfgfile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            print("not: ok", file=f)
+        with raises(UWConfigError):
+            instance._config_validate(config=YAMLConfig(cfgfile))
 
+    def test__config_validate_file_fail(self, instance, tmp_path):
+        cfgfile = tmp_path / "bad.yaml"
+        with open(cfgfile, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            print("not: ok", file=f)
+        with raises(UWConfigError):
+            instance._config_validate(config=cfgfile)
 
-def test_write_rocoto_xml(tmp_path):
-    input_yaml = support.fixture_path("hello_workflow.yaml")
-    with resources.as_file(resources.files("uwtools.resources")) as resc:
-        input_template = resc / "rocoto.jinja2"
-    output = tmp_path / "rendered.xml"
-    rocoto.write_rocoto_xml(
-        input_yaml=input_yaml, input_template=str(input_template), rendered_output=str(output)
+    def test__add_task_envar(self, instance, root):
+        instance._add_task_envar(root, "foo", "bar")
+        envar = root[0]
+        name, value = envar
+        assert name.tag == "name"
+        assert name.text == "foo"
+        assert value.tag == "value"
+        assert value.text == "bar"
+
+    def test__add_workflow(self, instance):
+        config = {
+            "workflow": {
+                "attrs": {"foo": "1", "bar": "2"},
+                "cycledef": "3",
+                "log": "4",
+                "tasks": "5",
+            }
+        }
+        with patch.multiple(
+            instance, _add_workflow_cycledef=D, _add_workflow_log=D, _add_workflow_tasks=D
+        ) as mocks:
+            instance._add_workflow(config=config)
+        workflow = instance._root
+        assert workflow.tag == "workflow"
+        assert workflow.get("foo") == "1"
+        assert workflow.get("bar") == "2"
+        mocks["_add_workflow_cycledef"].assert_called_once_with(workflow, "3")
+        mocks["_add_workflow_log"].assert_called_once_with(workflow, config["workflow"])
+        mocks["_add_workflow_tasks"].assert_called_once_with(workflow, "5")
+
+    def test__add_workflow_cycledef(self, instance, root):
+        config: List[dict] = [
+            {"attrs": {"group": "g1"}, "spec": "t1"},
+            {"attrs": {"group": "g2"}, "spec": "t2"},
+        ]
+        instance._add_workflow_cycledef(e=root, config=config)
+        for i, item in enumerate(config):
+            assert root[i].get("group") == item["attrs"]["group"]
+            assert root[i].tag == "cycledef"
+            assert root[i].text == item["spec"]
+
+    def test__add_workflow_log_basic(self, instance, root):
+        val = "/path/to/logfile"
+        instance._add_workflow_log(e=root, config={"log": val})
+        log = root[0]
+        assert log.tag == "log"
+        assert log.text == val
+
+    def test__add_workflow_log_cyclestr(self, instance, root):
+        val = "/path/to/logfile-@Y@m@d@H"
+        instance._add_workflow_log(e=root, config={"log": {"cyclestr": {"value": val}}})
+        log = root[0]
+        assert log.tag == "log"
+        assert log.xpath("cyclestr")[0].text == val
+
+    def test__add_workflow_tasks(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"metatask_foo": "1", "task_bar": "2"}
+        with patch.multiple(instance, _add_metatask=D, _add_task=D) as mocks:
+            instance._add_workflow_tasks(e=root, config=config)
+        mocks["_add_metatask"].assert_called_once_with(root, "1", "foo")
+        mocks["_add_task"].assert_called_once_with(root, "2", "bar")
+
+    def test__doctype_entities(self, instance):
+        assert '<!ENTITY ACCOUNT "myaccount">' in instance._doctype
+        assert '<!ENTITY FOO "test.log">' in instance._doctype
+
+    def test__doctype_entities_none(self, instance):
+        del instance._config["workflow"]["entities"]
+        assert instance._doctype is None
+
+    def test__insert_doctype(self, instance):
+        with patch.object(rocoto._RocotoXML, "_doctype", new_callable=PropertyMock) as _doctype:
+            _doctype.return_value = "bar"
+            assert instance._insert_doctype("foo\nbaz\n") == "foo\nbar\nbaz\n"
+
+    def test__insert_doctype_none(self, instance):
+        with patch.object(rocoto._RocotoXML, "_doctype", new_callable=PropertyMock) as _doctype:
+            _doctype.return_value = None
+            assert instance._insert_doctype("foo\nbaz\n") == "foo\nbaz\n"
+
+    def test__setattrs(self, instance, root):
+        config = {"attrs": {"foo": "1", "bar": "2"}}
+        instance._set_attrs(e=root, config=config)
+        assert root.get("foo") == "1"
+        assert root.get("bar") == "2"
+
+    def test__tag_name(self, instance):
+        assert instance._tag_name("foo") == ("foo", "")
+        assert instance._tag_name("foo_bar") == ("foo", "bar")
+        assert instance._tag_name("foo_bar_baz") == ("foo", "bar_baz")
+
+    def test_dump(self, instance, tmp_path):
+        path = tmp_path / "out.xml"
+        instance.dump(path=path)
+        assert rocoto.validate_rocoto_xml_file(path)
+
+
+# Schema tests
+
+
+def test_schema_compoundTimeString():
+    errors = validator("$defs", "compoundTimeString")
+    # Just a string is ok:
+    assert not errors("foo")
+    # An int value is ok:
+    assert not errors(20240103120000)
+    # A simple cycle string is ok:
+    assert not errors({"cyclestr": {"value": "@Y@m@d@H"}})
+    # The "value" entry is required:
+    assert "is not valid" in errors({"cyclestr": {}})
+    # Unknown properties are not allowed:
+    assert "is not valid" in errors({"cyclestr": {"foo": "bar"}})
+    # An "offset" attribute may be provided:
+    assert not errors({"cyclestr": {"value": "@Y@m@d@H", "attrs": {"offset": "06:00:00"}}})
+    # The "offset" value must be a valid time string:
+    assert "is not valid" in errors({"cyclestr": {"value": "@Y@m@d@H", "attrs": {"offset": "x"}}})
+
+
+def test_schema_dependency_sh():
+    errors = validator("$defs", "dependency")
+    # Basic spec:
+    assert not errors({"sh": {"command": "foo"}})
+    # The "command" property is mandatory:
+    assert "command' is a required property" in errors({"sh": {}})
+    # A _<name> suffix is allowed:
+    assert not errors({"sh_foo": {"command": "foo"}})
+    # Optional attributes "runopt" and "shell" are supported:
+    assert not errors(
+        {"sh_foo": {"attrs": {"runopt": "-c", "shell": "/bin/bash"}, "command": "foo"}}
+    )
+    # Other attributes are not allowed:
+    assert "Additional properties are not allowed ('color' was unexpected)" in errors(
+        {"sh_foo": {"attrs": {"color": "blue"}, "command": "foo"}}
     )
+    # The command is a compoundTimeString:
+    assert not errors({"sh": {"command": {"cyclestr": {"value": "foo-@Y@m@d@H"}}}})
 
-    expected = support.fixture_path("hello_workflow.xml")
-    support.compare_files(expected, output)
 
+def test_schema_metatask_attrs():
+    errors = validator("$defs", "metatask", "properties", "attrs")
+    # Valid modes are "parallel" and "serial":
+    assert not errors({"mode": "parallel"})
+    assert not errors({"mode": "serial"})
+    assert "'foo' is not one of ['parallel', 'serial']" in errors({"mode": "foo"})
+    # Positive int is ok for throttle:
+    assert not errors({"throttle": 88})
+    assert not errors({"throttle": 0})
+    assert "-1 is less than the minimum of 0" in errors({"throttle": -1})
+    assert "'foo' is not of type 'integer'" in errors({"throttle": "foo"})
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("vals", [("hello_workflow.xml", True), ("rocoto_invalid.xml", False)])
-def test_rocoto_xml_is_valid(vals):
-    fn, validity = vals
-    with resources.as_file(resources.files("uwtools.resources")) as resc:
-        with open(resc / "schema_with_metatasks.rng", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            schema = etree.RelaxNG(etree.parse(f))
 
-    xml = support.fixture_path(fn)
-    tree = etree.parse(xml)
-    assert schema.validate(tree) is validity
+def test_schema_workflow_cycledef():
+    errors = validator("properties", "workflow", "properties", "cycledef")
+    # Basic spec:
+    spec = "202311291200 202312011200 06:00:00"
+    assert not errors([{"spec": spec}])
+    # Spec with step specified as seconds:
+    assert not errors([{"spec": "202311291200 202312011200 3600"}])
+    # Basic spec with group attribute:
+    assert not errors([{"attrs": {"group": "g"}, "spec": spec}])
+    # Spec with positive activation offset attribute:
+    assert not errors([{"attrs": {"activation_offset": "12:00:00"}, "spec": spec}])
+    # Spec with negative activation offset attribute:
+    assert not errors([{"attrs": {"activation_offset": "-12:00:00"}, "spec": spec}])
+    # Spec with activation offset specified as positive seconds:
+    assert not errors([{"attrs": {"activation_offset": 3600}, "spec": spec}])
+    # Spec with activation offset specified as negative seconds:
+    assert not errors([{"attrs": {"activation_offset": -3600}, "spec": spec}])
+    # Property spec is required:
+    assert "'spec' is a required property" in errors([{}])
+    # Additional properties are not allowed:
+    assert "'foo' was unexpected" in errors([{"spec": spec, "foo": "bar"}])
+    # Additional attributes are not allowed:
+    assert "'foo' was unexpected" in errors([{"attrs": {"foo": "bar"}, "spec": spec}])
+    # Bad spec:
+    assert "'x 202312011200 06:00:00' is not valid" in errors([{"spec": "x 202312011200 06:00:00"}])
+    # Spec with bad activation offset attribute:
+    assert "'foo' is not valid" in errors([{"attrs": {"activation_offset": "foo"}, "spec": spec}])
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/test_scheduler.py b/src/uwtools/tests/test_scheduler.py
index 893984c83..32c1e6c8a 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/test_scheduler.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/test_scheduler.py
@@ -3,16 +3,22 @@
 Tests for uwtools.scheduler module.
 """
 
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
 from pytest import fixture, raises
 
+from uwtools import scheduler
 from uwtools.scheduler import JobScheduler
+from uwtools.tests.support import compare_files
 
 # LFS tests
 
 
 @fixture
 def lsf_props():
-    return {
+    config = {
         "account": "account_name",
         "nodes": 1,
         "queue": "batch",
@@ -21,64 +27,58 @@ def lsf_props():
         "threads": 1,
         "walltime": "00:01:00",
     }
+    expected = [
+        "#BSUB -P account_name",
+        "#BSUB -R affinity[core(1)]",
+        "#BSUB -R span[ptile=1]",
+        "#BSUB -W 00:01:00",
+        "#BSUB -n 1",
+        "#BSUB -q batch",
+    ]
+    return config, expected
 
 
 def test_lsf_1(lsf_props):
-    expected = """
-#BSUB -P account_name
-#BSUB -R affinity[core(1)]
-#BSUB -R span[ptile=1]
-#BSUB -W 00:01:00
-#BSUB -n 1
-#BSUB -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    lsf_config, expected_items = lsf_props
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_lsf_2(lsf_props):
-    lsf_props.update({"tasks_per_node": 12})
-    expected = """
-#BSUB -P account_name
-#BSUB -R affinity[core(1)]
-#BSUB -R span[ptile=12]
-#BSUB -W 00:01:00
-#BSUB -n 12
-#BSUB -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    lsf_config, expected_items = lsf_props
+    lsf_config.update({"tasks_per_node": 12})
+    expected_items[2] = "#BSUB -R span[ptile=12]"
+    expected_items[4] = "#BSUB -n 12"
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_lsf_3(lsf_props):
-    lsf_props.update({"nodes": 2, "tasks_per_node": 6})
-    expected = """
-#BSUB -P account_name
-#BSUB -R affinity[core(1)]
-#BSUB -R span[ptile=6]
-#BSUB -W 00:01:00
-#BSUB -n 12
-#BSUB -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    lsf_config, expected_items = lsf_props
+    lsf_config.update({"nodes": 2, "tasks_per_node": 6})
+    expected_items[2] = "#BSUB -R span[ptile=6]"
+    expected_items[4] = "#BSUB -n 12"
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_lsf_4(lsf_props):
-    lsf_props.update({"memory": "1MB", "nodes": 2, "tasks_per_node": 3, "threads": 2})
-    batch_script = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_props).batch_script
-    expected = """
-#BSUB -P account_name
-#BSUB -R affinity[core(2)]
-#BSUB -R rusage[mem=1000KB]
-#BSUB -R span[ptile=3]
-#BSUB -W 00:01:00
-#BSUB -n 6
-#BSUB -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert batch_script.content() == expected
+    lsf_config, expected_items = lsf_props
+    lsf_config.update({"memory": "1MB", "nodes": 2, "tasks_per_node": 3, "threads": 2})
+    expected_items[1] = "#BSUB -R affinity[core(2)]"
+    expected_items[2] = "#BSUB -R span[ptile=3]"
+    expected_items[4] = "#BSUB -n 6"
+    new_items = [
+        "#BSUB -R rusage[mem=1000KB]",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_lsf_5(lsf_props):
+    lsf_config, _ = lsf_props
     expected = "bsub"
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_props).submit_command == expected
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(lsf_config).submit_command == expected
 
 
 # PBS tests
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def test_lsf_5(lsf_props):
 
 @fixture
 def pbs_props():
-    return {
+    config = {
         "account": "account_name",
         "nodes": 1,
         "queue": "batch",
@@ -94,102 +94,89 @@ def pbs_props():
         "tasks_per_node": 1,
         "walltime": "00:01:00",
     }
+    expected = [
+        "#PBS -A account_name",
+        "#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=1:ompthreads=1:ncpus=1",
+        "#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00",
+        "#PBS -q batch",
+    ]
+    return config, expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_1(pbs_props):
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=1:ompthreads=1:ncpus=1
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_2(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"memory": "512M", "tasks_per_node": 4})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=4:ompthreads=1:ncpus=4:mem=512M
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"memory": "512M", "tasks_per_node": 4})
+    expected_items[1] = "#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=4:ompthreads=1:ncpus=4:mem=512M"
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_3(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"nodes": 3, "tasks_per_node": 4, "threads": 2})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l select=3:mpiprocs=4:ompthreads=2:ncpus=8
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"nodes": 3, "tasks_per_node": 4, "threads": 2})
+    expected_items[1] = "#PBS -l select=3:mpiprocs=4:ompthreads=2:ncpus=8"
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_4(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"memory": "512M", "nodes": 3, "tasks_per_node": 4, "threads": 2})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l select=3:mpiprocs=4:ompthreads=2:ncpus=8:mem=512M
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"memory": "512M", "nodes": 3, "tasks_per_node": 4, "threads": 2})
+    expected_items[1] = "#PBS -l select=3:mpiprocs=4:ompthreads=2:ncpus=8:mem=512M"
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_5(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"exclusive": "True"})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l place=excl
-#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=1:ompthreads=1:ncpus=1
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"exclusive": "True"})
+    new_items = [
+        "#PBS -l place=excl",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_6(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"exclusive": False, "placement": "vscatter"})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l place=vscatter
-#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=1:ompthreads=1:ncpus=1
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"exclusive": False, "placement": "vscatter"})
+    new_items = [
+        "#PBS -l place=vscatter",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_7(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"exclusive": True, "placement": "vscatter"})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l place=vscatter:excl
-#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=1:ompthreads=1:ncpus=1
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"exclusive": True, "placement": "vscatter"})
+    new_items = [
+        "#PBS -l place=vscatter:excl",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_8(pbs_props):
-    pbs_props.update({"debug": "True"})
-    expected = """
-#PBS -A account_name
-#PBS -l debug=true
-#PBS -l select=1:mpiprocs=1:ompthreads=1:ncpus=1
-#PBS -l walltime=00:01:00
-#PBS -q batch
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    pbs_config.update({"debug": "True"})
+    new_items = [
+        "#PBS -l debug=true",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_pbs_9(pbs_props):
+    pbs_config, _ = pbs_props
     expected = "qsub"
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props).submit_command == expected
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).submit_command == expected
 
 
 # Slurm tests
@@ -197,7 +184,7 @@ def test_pbs_9(pbs_props):
 
 @fixture
 def slurm_props():
-    return {
+    config = {
         "account": "account_name",
         "nodes": 1,
         "queue": "batch",
@@ -205,81 +192,87 @@ def slurm_props():
         "tasks_per_node": 1,
         "walltime": "00:01:00",
     }
+    expected = [
+        "#SBATCH --account=account_name",
+        "#SBATCH --nodes=1",
+        "#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1",
+        "#SBATCH --qos=batch",
+        "#SBATCH --time=00:01:00",
+    ]
+    return config, expected
 
 
 def test_slurm_1(slurm_props):
-    expected = """
-#SBATCH --account=account_name
-#SBATCH --nodes=1
-#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
-#SBATCH --qos=batch
-#SBATCH --time=00:01:00
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    slurm_config, expected_items = slurm_props
+    expected = "\n".join(expected_items)
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_slurm_2(slurm_props):
-    slurm_props.update({"partition": "debug"})
-    expected = """
-#SBATCH --account=account_name
-#SBATCH --nodes=1
-#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
-#SBATCH --partition=debug
-#SBATCH --qos=batch
-#SBATCH --time=00:01:00
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    slurm_config, expected_items = slurm_props
+    slurm_config.update({"partition": "debug"})
+    new_items = [
+        "#SBATCH --partition=debug",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_slurm_3(slurm_props):
-    slurm_props.update({"tasks_per_node": 2, "threads": 4})
-    expected = """
-#SBATCH --account=account_name
-#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=4
-#SBATCH --nodes=1
-#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=2
-#SBATCH --qos=batch
-#SBATCH --time=00:01:00
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    slurm_config, expected_items = slurm_props
+    slurm_config.update({"tasks_per_node": 2, "threads": 4})
+    expected_items[2] = "#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=2"
+    new_items = [
+        "#SBATCH --cpus-per-task=4",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_slurm_4(slurm_props):
-    slurm_props.update({"memory": "4MB", "tasks_per_node": 2})
-    expected = """
-#SBATCH --account=account_name
-#SBATCH --mem=4MB
-#SBATCH --nodes=1
-#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=2
-#SBATCH --qos=batch
-#SBATCH --time=00:01:00
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    slurm_config, expected_items = slurm_props
+    slurm_config.update({"memory": "4MB", "tasks_per_node": 2})
+    expected_items[2] = "#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=2"
+    new_items = [
+        "#SBATCH --mem=4MB",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_slurm_5(slurm_props):
-    slurm_props.update({"exclusive": "True"})
-    expected = """
-#SBATCH --account=account_name
-#SBATCH --exclusive=True
-#SBATCH --nodes=1
-#SBATCH --ntasks-per-node=1
-#SBATCH --qos=batch
-#SBATCH --time=00:01:00
-""".strip()
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_props).batch_script.content() == expected
+    slurm_config, expected_items = slurm_props
+    slurm_config.update({"exclusive": "True"})
+    new_items = [
+        "#SBATCH --exclusive",
+    ]
+    expected = "\n".join(sorted(expected_items + new_items))
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_config).batch_script.content() == expected
 
 
 def test_slurm_6(slurm_props):
+    slurm_config, _ = slurm_props
     expected = "sbatch"
-    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_props).submit_command == expected
+    assert JobScheduler.get_scheduler(slurm_config).submit_command == expected
 
 
 # Generic tests using PBS support.
 
 
+def test_batchscript_dump(pbs_props, tmpdir):
+    outfile = tmpdir / "outfile.sh"
+    pbs_config, expected_items = pbs_props
+    bs = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config).batch_script
+    bs.dump(outfile)
+    reference = tmpdir / "reference.sh"
+    with open(reference, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+        f.write("\n".join(["#!/bin/bash"] + expected_items))
+    assert compare_files(reference, outfile)
+
+
 def test_scheduler_bad_attr(pbs_props):
-    js = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props)
+    pbs_config, _ = pbs_props
+    js = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config)
     with raises(AttributeError):
         assert js.bad_attr
 
@@ -291,19 +284,34 @@ def test_scheduler_bad_scheduler():
 
 
 def test_scheduler_dot_notation(pbs_props):
-    js = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props)
+    pbs_config, _ = pbs_props
+    js = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config)
     assert js.account == "account_name"
 
 
 def test_scheduler_prop_not_defined_raises_key_error(pbs_props):
-    del pbs_props["scheduler"]
+    pbs_config, _ = pbs_props
+    del pbs_config["scheduler"]
     with raises(KeyError) as e:
-        JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props)
+        JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config)
     assert "No scheduler defined in props" in str(e.value)
 
 
 def test_scheduler_raises_exception_when_missing_required_attrs(pbs_props):
-    del pbs_props["account"]
+    pbs_config, _ = pbs_props
+    del pbs_config["account"]
     with raises(ValueError) as e:
-        JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_props)
+        JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config)
     assert "Missing required attributes: [account]" in str(e.value)
+
+
+def test_scheduler_submit_job(pbs_props):
+    pbs_config, _ = pbs_props
+    js = JobScheduler.get_scheduler(pbs_config)
+    submit_command = js.submit_command
+    outpath = Path("/path/to/batch/script")
+    expected_command = f"{submit_command} {outpath}"
+    with patch.object(scheduler, "execute") as execute:
+        execute.return_value = (True, "")
+        js.submit_job(outpath)
+        execute.assert_called_once_with(cmd=expected_command, cwd=os.path.dirname(outpath))
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_file.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_file.py
index 7b87a61dc..2aad322e7 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_file.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_file.py
@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
-# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,redefined-outer-name
+# pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring,protected-access,redefined-outer-name
 """
 Tests for uwtools.utils.file module.
 """
 
 import sys
 from datetime import datetime as dt
+from io import StringIO
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
 import pytest
 from pytest import fixture, raises
 
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWError
+from uwtools.types import ExistAct
 from uwtools.utils import file
 
 
@@ -24,25 +27,62 @@ def assets(tmp_path):
     return now, renamed, rundir
 
 
-def test_get_file_type():
+def test_StdinProxy():
+    msg = "proxying stdin"
+    with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(msg)):
+        assert sys.stdin.read() == msg
+        # Reading from stdin a second time yields no input, as the stream has been exhausted:
+        assert sys.stdin.read() == ""
+    with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(msg)):
+        sp = file.StdinProxy()
+        assert sp.read() == msg
+        # But the stdin proxy can be read multiple times:
+        assert sp.read() == msg
+        # And the proxy can be iterated over:
+        for line in sp:
+            assert line == msg
+
+
+def test__stdinproxy():
+    file._stdinproxy.cache_clear()
+    msg0 = "hello world"
+    msg1 = "bonjour monde"
+    # Unsurprisingly, the first read from stdin finds the expected message:
+    with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(msg0)):
+        assert file._stdinproxy().read() == msg0
+    # But after re-patching stdin with a new message, a second read returns the old message:
+    with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(msg1)):
+        assert file._stdinproxy().read() == msg0  # <-- the OLD message
+    # However, if the cache is cleared, the second message is then read:
+    file._stdinproxy.cache_clear()
+    with patch.object(sys, "stdin", new=StringIO(msg1)):
+        assert file._stdinproxy().read() == msg1  # <-- the NEW message
+
+
+def test_get_file_format():
     for ext, file_type in {
         "atparse": "atparse",
-        "bash": "ini",
+        "bash": "sh",
         "cfg": "ini",
         "fieldtable": "fieldtable",
         "ini": "ini",
         "jinja2": "jinja2",
         "nml": "nml",
-        "sh": "ini",
+        "sh": "sh",
         "yaml": "yaml",
         "yml": "yaml",
     }.items():
-        assert file.get_file_type(f"a.{ext}") == file_type
+        assert file.get_file_format(f"a.{ext}") == file_type
 
 
-def test_get_file_type_unrecignized():
+def test_get_file_format_unrecognized():
+    with raises(UWError):
+        file.get_file_format("a.jpg")
+
+
+def test_handle_existing_bad_action():
     with raises(ValueError):
-        file.get_file_type("a.jpg")
+        file.handle_existing(directory="unused", exist_act="foo")
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("exc", [FileExistsError, RuntimeError])
@@ -50,14 +90,14 @@ def test_handle_existing_delete_failure(exc, assets):
     _, _, rundir = assets
     with patch.object(file.shutil, "rmtree", side_effect=exc):
         with raises(RuntimeError) as e:
-            file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, action="delete")
-        assert "Could not delete directory" in str(e.value)
+            file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, exist_act=ExistAct.delete)
+        assert f"Could not {ExistAct.delete} directory" in str(e.value)
     assert rundir.is_dir()
 
 
 def test_handle_existing_delete_success(assets):
     _, _, rundir = assets
-    file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, action="delete")
+    file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, exist_act=ExistAct.delete)
     assert not rundir.is_dir()
 
 
@@ -66,8 +106,8 @@ def test_handle_existing_rename_failure(exc, assets):
     _, renamed, rundir = assets
     with patch.object(file.shutil, "move", side_effect=exc):
         with raises(RuntimeError) as e:
-            file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, action="rename")
-        assert "Could not rename directory" in str(e.value)
+            file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, exist_act=ExistAct.rename)
+        assert f"Could not {ExistAct.rename} directory" in str(e.value)
     assert not renamed.is_dir()
     assert rundir.is_dir()
 
@@ -76,7 +116,7 @@ def test_handle_existing_rename_success(assets):
     now, renamed, rundir = assets
     with patch.object(file, "dt") as dt:
         dt.now.return_value = now
-        file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, action="rename")
+        file.handle_existing(directory=rundir, exist_act=ExistAct.rename)
     assert renamed.is_dir()
     assert not rundir.is_dir()
 
@@ -103,7 +143,20 @@ def test_readable_file(tmp_path):
 
 def test_readable_nofile():
     with file.readable() as f:
-        assert f is sys.stdin
+        assert hasattr(f, "read")
+
+
+def test_resource_pathobj():
+    assert file.resource_pathobj().is_dir()
+
+
+def test_validate_existing_action_fail():
+    with raises(ValueError):
+        file.validate_existing_action(ExistAct.quit, [ExistAct.delete])
+
+
+def test_validate_existing_action_pass():
+    file.validate_existing_action(ExistAct.quit, [ExistAct.delete, ExistAct.quit])
 
 
 def test_writable_file(tmp_path):
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_memory.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_memory.py
index 1f76e560c..4930d2d79 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_memory.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_memory.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 Tests for uwtools.utils.file_helpers module.
 """
 
-from uwtools.utils import Memory
+from uwtools.utils.memory import Memory
 
 
 def test_memory_conversions():
diff --git a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_processing.py b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_processing.py
index 346d7db41..cbabefdda 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_processing.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/tests/utils/test_processing.py
@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
 Tests for uwtools.utils.processing module.
 """
 
+import logging
+
 from uwtools.tests.support import logged
 from uwtools.utils import processing
 
 
 def test_run_failure(caplog):
-    processing.logging.getLogger().setLevel(processing.logging.INFO)
+    processing.log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     cmd = "expr 1 / 0"
-    result = processing.execute(cmd=cmd)
-    assert "division by zero" in result.output
-    assert result.success is False
+    success, output = processing.execute(cmd=cmd)
+    assert "division by zero" in output
+    assert success is False
     assert logged(caplog, "Executing: %s" % cmd)
     assert logged(caplog, "  Failed with status: 2")
     assert logged(caplog, "  Output:")
@@ -20,9 +22,10 @@ def test_run_failure(caplog):
 
 
 def test_run_success(caplog, tmp_path):
-    processing.logging.getLogger().setLevel(processing.logging.INFO)
+    processing.log.setLevel(logging.INFO)
     cmd = "echo hello $FOO"
-    assert processing.execute(cmd=cmd, cwd=tmp_path, env={"FOO": "bar"}, log=True)
+    success, _ = processing.execute(cmd=cmd, cwd=tmp_path, env={"FOO": "bar"}, log_output=True)
+    assert success
     assert logged(caplog, "Executing: %s" % cmd)
     assert logged(caplog, "  in %s" % tmp_path)
     assert logged(caplog, "  with environment variables:")
diff --git a/src/uwtools/types.py b/src/uwtools/types.py
index 657c0df44..f62d34145 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/types.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/types.py
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
 DefinitePath = Union[Path, str]
 OptionalPath = Optional[DefinitePath]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class ExistAct:
+    """
+    Possible actions to take when a directory already exists.
+    """
+
+    delete: str = "delete"
+    quit: str = "quit"
+    rename: str = "rename"
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/__init__.py b/src/uwtools/utils/__init__.py
index db0261ebe..e69de29bb 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/__init__.py
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-from .memory import Memory
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/file.py b/src/uwtools/utils/file.py
index c00784c7d..2f83183b8 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/file.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/file.py
@@ -2,21 +2,24 @@
 Helpers for working with files and directories.
 """
 
-import logging
-import os
 import shutil
 import sys
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from dataclasses import dataclass, fields
 from datetime import datetime as dt
+from functools import cache
+from importlib import resources
+from io import StringIO
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import IO, Generator
+from typing import IO, Any, Dict, Generator, List, Union
 
-from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, OptionalPath
+from uwtools.exceptions import UWError
+from uwtools.logging import log
+from uwtools.types import DefinitePath, ExistAct, OptionalPath
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
-class _FORMAT:
+class FORMAT:
     """
     A mapping from config format names to literal strings.
     """
@@ -28,70 +31,106 @@ class _FORMAT:
     _ini: str = "ini"
     _jinja2: str = "jinja2"
     _nml: str = "nml"
+    _sh: str = "sh"
+    _xml: str = "xml"
     _yaml: str = "yaml"
 
     # Variants:
 
     atparse: str = _atparse
-    bash: str = _ini
+    bash: str = _sh
     cfg: str = _ini
     fieldtable: str = _fieldtable
     ini: str = _ini
     jinja2: str = _jinja2
     nml: str = _nml
-    sh: str = _ini
+    sh: str = _sh
     yaml: str = _yaml
     yml: str = _yaml
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def extensions() -> List[str]:
+        """
+        Returns recognized filename extensions.
+        """
+        return [FORMAT.ini, FORMAT.nml, FORMAT.sh, FORMAT.yaml]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def formats() -> Dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Returns the recognized format names.
+        """
+        return {
+            field.name: str(getattr(FORMAT, field.name))
+            for field in fields(FORMAT)
+            if not field.name.startswith("_")
+        }
+
+
+class StdinProxy:
+    """
+    Reads stdin once but permits multiple reads of its data.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._stdin = sys.stdin.read()
+        self._reset()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attr: str) -> Any:
+        self._reset()
+        return getattr(self._stringio, attr)
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        self._reset()
+        for line in self._stringio.read().split("\n"):
+            yield line
+
+    def _reset(self) -> None:
+        self._stringio = StringIO(self._stdin)
 
-FORMAT = _FORMAT()
 
+@cache
+def _stdinproxy():
+    return StdinProxy()
 
-def get_file_type(path: DefinitePath) -> str:
+
+def get_file_format(path: DefinitePath) -> str:
     """
-    Returns a standardized file type given a path/filename.
+    Returns a standardized file format name given a path/filename.
 
     :param path: A path or filename.
-    :return: One of a set of supported file types.
+    :return: One of a set of supported file-format names.
     :raises: ValueError if the path/filename suffix is unrecognized.
     """
     suffix = Path(path).suffix.replace(".", "")
-    if fmt := vars(FORMAT).get(suffix):
-        return fmt
-    msg = f"Cannot deduce format of '{path}' from unknown extension '{suffix}'"
-    logging.critical(msg)
-    raise ValueError(msg)
+    try:
+        return FORMAT.formats()[suffix]
+    except KeyError as e:
+        msg = f"Cannot deduce format of '{path}' from unknown extension '{suffix}'"
+        log.critical(msg)
+        raise UWError(msg) from e
 
 
-def handle_existing(directory: str, action: str) -> None:
+def handle_existing(directory: DefinitePath, exist_act: str) -> None:
     """
-    Given a run directory, and an action to do if directory exists, delete or rename directory.
+    Take specified action on a directory.
 
-    :param directory: The directory to delete or rename.
-    :param action: The action to take on an existing directory ("delete" or "rename")
+    :param directory: The directory to handle.
+    :param exist_act: Action ("delete" or "rename") to take when directory exists.
     """
 
-    # Try to delete existing run directory if option is delete.
-
-    try:
-        if action == "delete" and os.path.isdir(directory):
-            shutil.rmtree(directory)
-    except (FileExistsError, RuntimeError) as e:
-        msg = f"Could not delete directory {directory}"
-        logging.critical(msg)
-        raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
-
-    # Try to rename existing run directory if option is rename.
-
-    try:
-        if action == "rename" and os.path.isdir(directory):
-            now = dt.now()
-            save_dir = "%s%s" % (directory, now.strftime("_%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"))
-            shutil.move(directory, save_dir)
-    except (FileExistsError, RuntimeError) as e:
-        msg = f"Could not rename directory {directory}"
-        logging.critical(msg)
-        raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
+    validate_existing_action(exist_act, valid_actions=[ExistAct.delete, ExistAct.rename])
+    if Path(directory).is_dir():
+        try:
+            if exist_act == ExistAct.delete:
+                shutil.rmtree(directory)
+            elif exist_act == ExistAct.rename:
+                save_dir = "%s%s" % (directory, dt.now().strftime("_%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"))
+                shutil.move(directory, save_dir)
+        except (FileExistsError, RuntimeError) as e:
+            msg = f"Could not {exist_act} directory {directory}"
+            log.critical(msg)
+            raise RuntimeError(msg) from e
 
 
 def path_if_it_exists(path: str) -> str:
@@ -111,7 +150,9 @@ def path_if_it_exists(path: str) -> str:
 
 
 @contextmanager
-def readable(filepath: OptionalPath = None, mode: str = "r") -> Generator[IO, None, None]:
+def readable(
+    filepath: OptionalPath = None, mode: str = "r"
+) -> Generator[Union[IO, StdinProxy], None, None]:
     """
     If a path to a file is specified, open it and return a readable handle; if not, return readable
     stdin.
@@ -122,7 +163,33 @@ def readable(filepath: OptionalPath = None, mode: str = "r") -> Generator[IO, No
         with open(filepath, mode, encoding="utf-8") as f:
             yield f
     else:
-        yield sys.stdin
+        yield _stdinproxy()
+
+
+def resource_pathobj(suffix: str = "") -> Path:
+    """
+    Returns a pathlib Path object to a uwtools resource file.
+
+    :param suffix: A subpath relative to the location of the uwtools resource files. The prefix path
+        to the resources files is known to Python and varies based on installation location.
+    """
+    with resources.as_file(resources.files("uwtools.resources")) as prefix:
+        return prefix / suffix
+
+
+def validate_existing_action(exist_act: str, valid_actions: List[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure that action specified for an existing directory is valid.
+
+    :param exist_act: Action to check.
+    :param valid_actions: Actions valid for the caller's context.
+    :raises: ValueError if specified action is invalid.
+    """
+    if exist_act not in valid_actions:
+        raise ValueError(
+            'Specify one of %s as exist_act, not "%s"'
+            % (", ".join(f'"{x}"' for x in valid_actions), exist_act)
+        )
 
 
 @contextmanager
diff --git a/src/uwtools/utils/processing.py b/src/uwtools/utils/processing.py
index f83ed59e2..3be731525 100644
--- a/src/uwtools/utils/processing.py
+++ b/src/uwtools/utils/processing.py
@@ -2,50 +2,50 @@
 Utilities for interacting with external processes.
 """
 
-import logging
 from pathlib import Path
 from subprocess import STDOUT, CalledProcessError, check_output
-from types import SimpleNamespace as ns
-from typing import Dict, Optional, Union
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+from uwtools.logging import log
 
 
 def execute(
     cmd: str,
     cwd: Optional[Union[Path, str]] = None,
     env: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
-    log: Optional[bool] = False,
-) -> ns:
+    log_output: Optional[bool] = False,
+) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
     """
     Execute a command in a subshell.
 
     :param cmd: The command to execute.
     :param cwd: Change to this directory before executing cmd.
     :param env: Environment variables to set before executing cmd.
-    :param log: Log output from successful cmd? (Error output is always logged.)
+    :param log_output: Log output from successful cmd? (Error output is always logged.)
     :return: A result object providing combined stder/stdout output and success values.
     """
 
     indent = "  "
-    logging.info("Executing: %s", cmd)
+    log.info("Executing: %s", cmd)
     if cwd:
-        logging.info("%sin %s", indent, cwd)
+        log.info("%sin %s", indent, cwd)
     if env:
-        logging.info("%swith environment variables:", indent)
+        log.info("%swith environment variables:", indent)
         for key, val in env.items():
-            logging.info("%s%s=%s", indent * 2, key, val)
+            log.info("%s%s=%s", indent * 2, key, val)
     try:
         output = check_output(
             cmd, cwd=cwd, encoding="utf=8", env=env, shell=True, stderr=STDOUT, text=True
         )
-        logfunc = logging.info
+        logfunc = log.info
         success = True
     except CalledProcessError as e:
         output = e.output
-        logging.error("%sFailed with status: %s", indent, e.returncode)
-        logfunc = logging.error
+        log.error("%sFailed with status: %s", indent, e.returncode)
+        logfunc = log.error
         success = False
-    if output and (log or not success):
+    if output and (log_output or not success):
         logfunc("%sOutput:", indent)
         for line in output.split("\n"):
             logfunc("%s%s", indent * 2, line)
-    return ns(output=output, success=success)
+    return success, output