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A Cordova/PhoneGap plugin to create and access encrypted databases on Android, iOS, and Windows with API similar to HTML5/Web SQL API

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Cordova/PhoneGap SQLCipher adapter plugin

Native interface to sqlcipher in a Cordova/PhoneGap plugin for Android, iOS, macOS, and Windows, with API similar to HTML5/Web SQL API.

License terms for Android and Windows platform versions: MIT or Apache 2.0

License terms for iOS/macOS platform version: MIT only

PLEASE READ WARNING NOTICES BELOW.

Windows platform REMOVAL NOTICE: Windows platform support will be removed in the near future ref: litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter#63

About this plugin version branch

Plugin version with SQLCipher included

IMPORTANT WARNING NOTICES

WARNING: In case you lose the database password you have no way to recover the data.

IMPORTANT EXPORT REQUIREMENTS described at: https://discuss.zetetic.net/t/export-requirements-for-applications-using-sqlcipher/47

WINDOWS ENCRYPTION WARNING NOTICE: libTomCrypt may have inferior entropy (randomness) for encryption. It is desired to replace libTomCrypt with a recent build of the OpenSSL crypto library ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter#30

Multiple SQLite problem on Android

This plugin uses a non-standard SQLCipher for Android implementation on Android. In case an application access the same database using multiple plugins there is a risk of data corruption ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#626) as described in http://ericsink.com/entries/multiple_sqlite_problem.html and https://www.sqlite.org/howtocorrupt.html.

Services available

The primary author and maintainer @brodybits (Christopher J. Brody aka Chris Brody) is available for part-time contract assignments. Services available for this project include:

  • Priority issue support
  • Help with application code such as debugging, optimization, etc.
  • Warranty and support retainers
  • Priority fixes and enhancements
  • Custom feature development

Other services available include:

  • Front-end/back-end development
  • Mentoring and training services

For more information:

A quick tour

To open a database:

var db = null;

document.addEventListener('deviceready', function() {
  db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'demo.db', key: 'your-password-here', location: 'default'});
});

IMPORTANT: Like with the other Cordova plugins your application must wait for the deviceready event. This is especially tricky in Angular/ngCordova/Ionic controller/factory/service callbacks which may be triggered before the deviceready event is fired.

To populate a database using the "standard" transaction API:

  db.transaction(function(tx) {
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS DemoTable (name, score)');
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO DemoTable VALUES (?,?)', ['Alice', 101]);
    tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO DemoTable VALUES (?,?)', ['Betty', 202]);
  }, function(error) {
    console.log('Transaction ERROR: ' + error.message);
  }, function() {
    console.log('Populated database OK');
  });

To check the data using the "standard" transaction API:

  db.transaction(function(tx) {
    tx.executeSql('SELECT count(*) AS mycount FROM DemoTable', [], function(tx, rs) {
      console.log('Record count (expected to be 2): ' + rs.rows.item(0).mycount);
    }, function(tx, error) {
      console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
    });
  });

Using recommended API calls

To populate a database using the SQL batch API:

  db.sqlBatch([
    'CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS DemoTable (name, score)',
    [ 'INSERT INTO DemoTable VALUES (?,?)', ['Alice', 101] ],
    [ 'INSERT INTO DemoTable VALUES (?,?)', ['Betty', 202] ],
  ], function() {
    console.log('Populated database OK');
  }, function(error) {
    console.log('SQL batch ERROR: ' + error.message);
  });

To check the data using the single SQL statement API:

  db.executeSql('SELECT count(*) AS mycount FROM DemoTable', [], function(rs) {
    console.log('Record count (expected to be 2): ' + rs.rows.item(0).mycount);
  }, function(error) {
    console.log('SELECT SQL statement ERROR: ' + error.message);
  });

See the Sample section for a sample with a more detailed explanation (using the "standard" transaction API).

Status

  • Windows platform support will be removed in the near future ref: litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter#63
  • Alpha version, with previous version of SQLCipher (will upgrade to SQLCipher 3.4.2 / 3.5.8 along with other fixes as discussed in storesafe#62)
    • SQLCipher 3.4.1 for iOS/macOS/Windows
    • SQLCipher 3.5.6 for Android built from brodybits / android-database-sqlcipher-build-fix, now with 64-bit CPU support
    • SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=1024 and SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=2000 to avoid "potentially distruptive change(s)" from SQLite 3.12.0 in unencrypted databases ref: http://sqlite.org/pgszchng2016.html
    • with OpenSSL libcrypto for Android
    • using CommonCrypto framework for iOS/macOS
    • with LibTomCrypt (1.17) embedded for Windows
    • for future consideration: embed OpenSSL libcrypto for all target platforms
  • NOT supported by PhoneGap Developer App or PhoneGap Desktop App
  • This plugin will NOT work on cordova-android@7 due to issue with JAR and NDK library files as discussed in litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter/issues/64 and litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#729.
  • A recent version of the Cordova CLI (such as 6.5.0 / 7.1.0) is recommended. (Cordova CLI 8.x includes cordova-android@7, NOT supported by this plugin due to litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter/issues/64 / litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#729.) Cordova versions older than 6.0.0 are missing the [email protected] security fixes. In addition it is required to use cordova prepare in case of cordova-ios older than 4.3.0 (Cordova CLI 6.4.0).
  • SQLCipher build settings used:
    • SQLITE_HAS_CODEC
    • SQLITE_DEFAULT_JOURNAL_SIZE_LIMIT=1048576 (Android only)
    • HAVE_USLEEP=1
    • SQLITE_TEMP_STORE=3
    • SQLCIPHER_CRYPTO_CC (iOS/macOS only)
    • SQLITE_LOCKING_STYLE=1 (iOS/macOS only)
    • NDEBUG (NDEBUG=1 on Android)
    • SQLITE_THREADSAFE=1 (SQLITE_THREADSAFE=2 on iOS/macOS)
    • SQLITE_DEFAULT_MEMSTATUS=0
    • SQLITE_OMIT_DECLTYPE
    • SQLITE_OMIT_PROGRESS_CALLBACK
    • SQLITE_OMIT_SHARED_CACHE
    • SQLITE_OMIT_LOAD_EXTENSION
    • SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3 (iOS/macOS/Windows)
    • SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS3_PARENTHESIS
    • SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS4
    • SQLITE_ENABLE_RTREE
    • SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
    • SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
    • SQLITE_DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE=1024 (all platforms) and SQLITE_DEFAULT_CACHE_SIZE=2000 (iOS/macOS/Windows) to avoid "potentially distruptive change(s)" from SQLite 3.12.0 ref: http://sqlite.org/pgszchng2016.html
    • SQLITE_OS_WINRT (Windows only)
    • SQLCIPHER_CRYPTO_LIBTOMCRYPT (Windows only)
    • SQLCIPHER_CRYPTO_OPENSSL (Android only)
  • The iOS database location is now mandatory, as documented below.
  • Windows 8.1 and Windows Phone 8.1 are currently supported by this plugin version, now deprecated and will be removed in the near future.
  • Amazon Fire-OS is dropped due to lack of support by Cordova. Android version should be used to deploy to Fire-OS 5.0(+) devices. For reference: cordova/cordova-discuss#32 (comment)
  • Windows platform version (using a customized version of the performant doo / SQLite3-WinRT C++ component) will be removed in the near future ref: litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter#63, has the following known limitations:
  • The macOS platform version ("osx" platform) is not tested in a release build and should be considered pre-alpha.
  • Android platform version:
    • Android versions supported: 2.3.3 - 7.1.1 (API level 10 - 25), depending on Cordova version ref: https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/latest/guide/platforms/android/
    • SQLCipher for Android build uses the OpenSSL crypto library for encryption
    • ICU case-insensitive matching and other Unicode string manipulations is no longer supported for Android.
  • iOS platform version:
    • iOS versions supported: 8.x / 9.x / 10.x / 11.x see deviations section below for differences in case of WKWebView)
    • REGEXP is no longer supported for iOS.
  • FTS3, FTS4, FTS5, JSON1, and R-Tree are fully tested and supported for all target platforms in this version branch.
  • Default PRAGMA journal_mode setting (tested):
    • delete (all platforms)
  • AUTO-VACUUM is not enabled by default. If no form of VACUUM or PRAGMA auto_vacuum is used then sqlite will automatically reuse deleted data space for new data but the database file will never shrink. For reference: http://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_auto_vacuum and litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#646
  • In case of memory issues please use smaller transactions.
  • Pre-populatd DB is NOT supported by this version.
  • Lawnchair adapter has not been validated with this plugin version and is NOT guaranteed to work (see below).

Announcements

Highlights

  • This plugin version is built with SQLCipher included.
  • Drop-in replacement for HTML5/Web SQL API: the only change should be to replace the static window.openDatabase() factory call with window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase(), with parameters as documented below. Known deviations are documented in the deviations section below.
  • Failure-safe nested transactions with batch processing optimizations (according to HTML5/Web SQL API)
  • Transaction API (based on HTML5/Web SQL API) is designed for maximum flexiblibility, does not allow any transactions to be left hanging open.
  • As described in this posting:
    • Keeps sqlite database in known, platform specific user data location on all supported platforms (Android/iOS/macOS/Windows), which can be reconfigured on iOS/macOS. Whether or not the database on the iOS platform is synchronized to iCloud depends on the selected database location.
    • No arbitrary size limit. SQLite limits described at: http://www.sqlite.org/limits.html
  • Also validated for multi-page applications by internal test selfTest function.
  • This project is self-contained. There are no dependencies on other plugins such as cordova-plugin-file.
  • Windows platform version uses a customized version of the performant doo / SQLite3-WinRT C++ component.
  • SQLCipher support for Android/iOS/macOS/Windows is available in: litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter
  • Intellectual property:
    • All source code is tracked to the original author in git
    • Major authors are tracked in AUTHORS.md
    • License of each component is tracked in LICENSE.md
    • History of this project is also described in HISTORY.md

TIP: It is possible to migrate from Cordova to a pure native solution and continue using the data stored by this plugin.

Getting started

Recommended prerequisites

  • Install a recent version of Cordova CLI, create a simple app with no plugins, and run it on the desired target platforms.
  • Add a very simple plugin such as cordova-plugin-dialogs or an echo plugin and get it working. Ideally you should be able to handle a callback with some data coming from a prompt.

These prereqisites are very well documented in a number of excellent resources including:

More resources can be found by https://www.google.com/search?q=cordova+tutorial. There are even some tutorials available on YouTube as well.

In addition, this guide assumes a basic knowledge of some key JavaScript concepts such as variables, function calls, and callback functions. There is an excellent explanation of JavaScript callbacks at http://cwbuecheler.com/web/tutorials/2013/javascript-callbacks/.

MAJOR TIPS: As described in the Installing section:

  • It is recommended to use the --save flag when installing plugins to track them in config.xml. If all plugins are tracked in config.xml then there is no need to commit the plugins subdirectory tree into the source repository.
  • In general it is not recommended to commit the platforms subdirectory tree into the source repository.

NOTICE: This plugin is only supported with the Cordova CLI. This plugin is not supported with other Cordova/PhoneGap systems such as PhoneGap CLI, PhoneGap Build, Plugman, Intel XDK, Webstorm, etc.

Windows platform notes

The Windows platform can present a number of challenges which increase when using this plugin. The following tips are recommended for getting started with Windows:

  • First start to build and run an app on another platform such as Android or iOS with this plugin.
  • Try working with a very simple app using simpler plugins such as cordova-plugin-dialogs and possibly cordova-plugin-file on the Windows platform.
  • Read through the Windows platform usage of the Installing section.
  • Then try adding this plugin to a very simple app such as brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app and running the Windows project in the Visual Studio GUI with a specific target CPU selected. WARNING: It is not possible to use this plugin with the "Any CPU" target.

Quick installation

Use the following command to install this plugin from the Cordova CLI:

cordova plugin add cordova-sqlcipher-adapter --save

Add any desired platform(s) if not already present, for example:

cordova platform add android

OPTIONAL: prepare before building (MANDATORY for cordova-ios older than 4.3.0 (Cordova CLI 6.4.0))

cordova prepare

or to prepare for a single platform, Android for example:

cordova prepare android

Please see the Installing section for more details.

NOTE: The new brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app project includes the echo test, self test, and string test described below along with some more sample functions.

Self test

Try the following programs to verify successful installation and operation:

Echo test - verify successful installation and build:

document.addEventListener('deviceready', function() {
  window.sqlitePlugin.echoTest(function() {
    console.log('ECHO test OK');
  });
});

Self test - automatically verify basic database access operations including opening a database; basic CRUD operations (create data in a table, read the data from the table, update the data, and delete the data); close and delete the database:

document.addEventListener('deviceready', function() {
  window.sqlitePlugin.selfTest(function() {
    console.log('SELF test OK');
  });
});

NOTE: It may be easier to use a JavaScript or native alert function call along with (or instead of) console.log to verify that the installation passes both tests. Same for the SQL string test variations below. (Note that the Windows platform does not support the standard alert function, please use cordova-plugin-dialogs instead.)

SQL string test

This test verifies that you can open a database, execute a basic SQL statement, and get the results (should be TEST STRING):

document.addEventListener('deviceready', function() {
  var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'test.db', location: 'default'});
  db.transaction(function(tr) {
    tr.executeSql("SELECT upper('Test string') AS upperString", [], function(tr, rs) {
      console.log('Got upperString result: ' + rs.rows.item(0).upperString);
    });
  });
});

Here is a variation that uses a SQL parameter instead of a string literal:

document.addEventListener('deviceready', function() {
  var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'test.db', location: 'default'});
  db.transaction(function(tr) {
    tr.executeSql('SELECT upper(?) AS upperString', ['Test string'], function(tr, rs) {
      console.log('Got upperString result: ' + rs.rows.item(0).upperString);
    });
  });
});

Moving forward

It is recommended to read through the usage and sample sections before building more complex applications. In general it is recommended to start by doing things one step at a time, especially when an application does not work as expected.

The new brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app sample is intended to be a boilerplate to reproduce and demonstrate any issues you may have with this plugin. You may also use it as a starting point to build a new app.

In case you get stuck with something please read through the support section and follow the instructions before raising an issue. Professional support is also available by contacting: [email protected]

Plugin usage examples

TBD WANTED: samples using this plugin version (with encryption)

WITHOUT SQLCIPHER:

Plugin tutorials

TBD WANTED: tutorials using this plugin version (with encryption)

WITHOUT SQLCIPHER:

NOTICE: The above tutorial shows cordova plugin add cordova-sqlite-storage with the --save flag missing. Please be sure to use the --save flag to keep the plugins in config.xml.

Other plugin tutorials wanted ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#609

SQLite resources

Some other Cordova resources

Some apps using Cordova SQLCipher adapter plugin version

TBD YOUR APP HERE

Security

Security of sensitive data

According to Web SQL Database API 7.2 Sensitivity of data:

User agents should treat persistently stored data as potentially sensitive; it's quite possible for e-mails, calendar appointments, health records, or other confidential documents to be stored in this mechanism.

To this end, user agents should ensure that when deleting data, it is promptly deleted from the underlying storage.

Unfortunately this plugin will not actually overwrite the deleted content unless the secure_delete PRAGMA is used.

SQL injection

As "strongly recommended" by Web SQL Database API 8.5 SQL injection:

Authors are strongly recommended to make use of the ? placeholder feature of the executeSql() method, and to never construct SQL statements on the fly.

Avoiding data loss

  • Double-check that the application code follows the documented API for SQL statements, parameter values, success callbacks, and error callbacks.
  • For standard Web SQL transactions include a transaction error callback with the proper logic that indicates to the user if data cannot be stored for any reason. In case of individual SQL error handlers be sure to indicate to the user if there is any issue with storing data.
  • For single statement and batch transactions include an error callback with logic that indicates to the user if data cannot be stored for any reason.

Deviations

Some known deviations from the Web SQL database standard

  • The window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase static factory call takes a different set of parameters than the standard Web SQL window.openDatabase static factory call. In case you have to use existing Web SQL code with no modifications please see the Web SQL replacement tip below.
  • This plugin does not support the database creation callback or standard database versions. Please read the Database schema versions section below for tips on how to support database schema versioning.
  • This plugin does not support the synchronous Web SQL interfaces.
  • Known issues with handling of certain ASCII/UNICODE characters as described below.
  • It is possible to request a SQL statement list such as "SELECT 1; SELECT 2" within a single SQL statement string, however the plugin will only execute the first statement and silently ignore the others ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#551
  • It is possible to insert multiple rows like: transaction.executeSql('INSERT INTO MyTable VALUES (?,?),(?,?)', ['Alice', 101, 'Betty', 102]); which was not supported by SQLite 3.6.19 as referenced by Web SQL API section 5. The iOS WebKit Web SQL implementation seems to support this as well.
  • Unlike the HTML5/Web SQL API this plugin handles executeSql calls with too few parameters without error reporting. In case of too many parameters this plugin reports error code 0 (SQLError.UNKNOWN_ERR) while Android/iOS (WebKit) Web SQL correctly reports error code 5 (SQLError.SYNTAX_ERR) ref: https://www.w3.org/TR/webdatabase/#dom-sqlexception-code-syntax
  • Positive and negative Infinity SQL parameter argument values are treated like null by this plugin on Android and iOS ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#405
  • Positive and negative Infinity result values cause a crash on iOS/macOS cases ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#405
  • Known issue(s) with of certain ASCII/UNICODE characters as described below.
  • Boolean true and false values are handled by converting them to the "true" and "false" TEXT string values, same as WebKit Web SQL on Android and iOS. This does not seem to be 100% correct as discussed in: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#545
  • A number of uncategorized errors such as CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE USING bogus module are reported with error code 5 (SQLError.SYNTAX_ERR) on Android/iOS/macOS by both (WebKit) Web SQL and this plugin.
  • Issues with error code on Windows as well as Android described below.
  • In case of an issue that causes an API function to throw an exception (Android/iOS WebKit) Web SQL includes includes a code member with value of 0 (SQLError.UNKNOWN_ERR) in the exception while the plugin includes no such code member.
  • This plugin supports some non-standard features as documented below.
  • Results of SELECT with BLOB data such as SELECT LOWER(X'40414243') AS myresult, SELECT X'40414243' AS myresult, or reading data stored by INSERT INTO MyTable VALUES (X'40414243') are not consistent on Android or Windows. (These work with Android/iOS WebKit Web SQL and have been supported by SQLite for a number of years.)
  • Whole number parameter argument values such as 42, -101, or 1234567890123 are handled as INTEGER values by this plugin on Android, iOS (default UIWebView), and Windows while they are handled as REAL values by (WebKit) Web SQL and this plugin on macOS or iOS with WKWebView. This is evident in certain test operations such as SELECT ? as myresult or SELECT TYPEOF(?) as myresult and storage in a field with TEXT affinity.
  • INTEGER, REAL, +/- Infinity, NaN, null, undefined parameter argument values are handled as TEXT string values on Android. (This is evident in certain test operations such as SELECT ? as myresult or SELECT TYPEOF(?) as myresult and storage in a field with TEXT affinity.)
  • In case of invalid transaction callback arguments such as string values the plugin attempts to execute the transaction while (WebKit) Web SQL would throw an exception.
  • The plugin handles invalid SQL arguments array values such as false, true, or a string as if there were no arguments while (WebKit) Web SQL would throw an exception. NOTE: In case of a function in place of the SQL arguments array WebKit Web SQL would report a transaction error while the plugin would simply ignore the function.
  • In case of invalid SQL callback arguments such as string values the plugin may execute the SQL and signal transaction success or failure while (WebKit) Web SQL would throw an exception.
  • In certain cases such as transaction.executeSql(null) or transaction.executeSql(undefined) the plugin throws an exception while (WebKit) Web SQL indicates a transaction failure.
  • In certain cases such as transaction.executeSql() with no arguments (Android/iOS WebKit) Web SQL includes includes a code member with value of 0 (SQLError.UNKNOWN_ERR) in the exception while the plugin includes no such code member.
  • If the SQL arguments are passed in an Array subclass object where the constructor does not point to Array then the SQL arguments are ignored by the plugin.
  • The results data objects are not immutable as specified/implied by Web SQL API section 4.5.
  • This plugin version provides encryption which is NOT covered by the HTML5/Web SQL API.

Security of deleted data

See Security of sensitive data in the Security section above.

Other differences with WebKit Web SQL implementations

  • In case of ignored INSERT OR IGNORE statement WebKit Web SQL (Android/iOS) reports insertId with an old INSERT row id value while the plugin reports insertId: undefined.
  • In case of a SQL error handler that does not recover the transaction, WebKit Web SQL (Android/iOS) would incorrectly report error code 0 while the plugin would report the same error code as in the SQL error handler. (In case of an error with no SQL error handler then Android/iOS WebKit Web SQL would report the same error code that would have been reported in the SQL error hander.)
  • In case a transaction function throws an exception, the message and code if present are reported by the plugin but not by (WebKit) Web SQL.
  • SQL error messages are inconsistent on Windows.
  • There are some other differences in the SQL error messages reported by WebKit Web SQL and this plugin. NOTE that unlike the android.database.sqlite implementation on Android 4.x(+) SQLCipher for Android does not seem to include the error code in most of the error message.

Known issues

  • This plugin will NOT work on cordova-android@7 due to issue with JAR and NDK library files as discussed in litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter/issues/64 and litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#729.
  • The iOS/macOS platform versions do not support certain rapidly repeated open-and-close or open-and-delete test scenarios due to how the implementation handles background processing
  • The Android platform version does not always handle four-byte UTF-8 characters emoji characters such as \u1F603 (SMILING FACE, MOUTH OPEN) correctly ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#564. It is sometimes possible to store and retrieve such characters but certain operations such as hex conversions do not work properly when using the default Android-sqlite-connector database implementation. It is suspected that such characters would be stored incorrectly by the default Android platform version. Note that this is not an issue in case the built-in Android database is used (using the androidDatabaseImplementation: 2 setting in window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase) (NOT an issue in this plugin version)
  • Cannot read encrypted database with CORRECT password directly after attempt to open with INCORRECT password ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter#43
  • It is possible to request a SQL statement list such as "SELECT 1; SELECT 2" within a single SQL statement string, however the plugin will only execute the first statement and silently ignore the others ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#551
  • Execution of INSERT statement that affects multiple rows (due to SELECT cause or using TRIGGER(s), for example) reports incorrect rowsAffected on Android in case the built-in Android database used (using the androidDatabaseImplementation option in window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase)
  • Memory issue observed when adding a large number of records due to the JSON implementation which is improved in litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evcore-extbuild-free (GPL or commercial license terms)
  • Infinity (positive or negative) values are not supported on Android/iOS/macOS due to issues described above including a possible crash on iOS/macOS ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#405
  • A stability issue was reported on the iOS platform version when in use together with SockJS client such as pusher-js at the same time (see litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#196). The workaround is to call sqlite functions and SockJS client functions in separate ticks (using setTimeout with 0 timeout).
  • In case of an error, the error code member is bogus on Android and Windows.
  • Possible crash on Android 5 when using Unicode emoji and other 4-octet UTF-8 characters due to Android bug 81341, which should be fixed in newer releases starting with Android 6.
  • Close/delete database bugs described below.
  • When a database is opened and deleted without closing, the iOS/macOS platform version is known to leak resources.
  • It is NOT possible to open multiple databases with the same name but in different locations (iOS/macOS platform version).

Some additional issues are tracked in open Cordova-sqlite-storage bug-general issues and open Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter bug-general issues.

Other limitations

  • The db version, display name, and size parameter values are not supported and will be ignored. (No longer supported by the API)
  • Absolute and relative subdirectory path(s) are not tested or supported.
  • This plugin will not work before the callback for the 'deviceready' event has been fired, as described in Usage. (This is consistent with the other Cordova plugins.)
  • Extremely large records are not supported by this plugin. It is recommended to store images and similar binary data in separate files. TBD: specify maximum record. For future consideration: support in a plugin version such as litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evcore-extbuild-free (GPL or commercial license terms).
  • This plugin version will not work within a web worker (not properly supported by the Cordova framework). Use within a web worker is supported for Android and iOS (WITHOUT SQLCipher) in litehelpers / cordova-sqlite-evmax-ext-workers-legacy-build-free (GPL or premium commercial license terms).
  • In-memory database db=window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: ':memory:', ...}) is currently not supported.
  • The Android platform version cannot properly support more than 100 open database files due to the threading model used.
  • SQL error messages reported by Windows platform version are not consistent with Android/iOS/macOS platform versions.
  • UNICODE \u2028 (line separator) and \u2029 (paragraph separator) characters are currently not supported and known to be broken on iOS, macOS, and Android platform versions due to JSON issues reported in Cordova bug CB-9435 and cordova/cordova-discuss#57. This is fixed with a workaround for iOS/macOS (WITHOUT SQLCipher) in: litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evplus-legacy-free and litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evplus-legacy-attach-detach-free (GPL or special commercial license terms) as well as litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evplus-legacy-workers-free (GPL or premium commercial license terms).
  • The BLOB data type is not consistently supported for all platforms by this version branch. SELECT BLOB in Base64 format (WITHOUT SQLCipher) is supported by litehelpers / cordova-sqlite-ext (permissive license terms) and litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evcore-extbuild-free (GPL or commercial license terms).
  • Truncation in case of UNICODE \u0000 (same as \0) character on Android (default Android-sqlite-connector database implementation) and Windows.
  • Case-insensitive matching and other string manipulations on Unicode characters, which is provided by optional ICU integration in the sqlite source and working with recent versions of Android, is not supported for any target platforms.
  • The iOS/macOS platform version uses a thread pool but with only one thread working at a time due to "synchronized" database access.
  • Some large query results may be slow, also due to the JSON implementation.
  • ATTACH to another database file is not supported by this version branch. Attach/detach is supported (along with the memory and iOS UNICODE \u2028 line separator / \u2029 paragraph separator fixes, WITHOUT SQLCipher) in litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evplus-legacy-attach-detach-free (GPL or special commercial license terms).
  • UPDATE/DELETE with LIMIT or ORDER BY is not supported.
  • User-defined savepoints are not supported and not expected to be compatible with the transaction locking mechanism used by this plugin. In addition, the use of BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK statements is not supported.
  • Problems have been reported when using other version(s) of this plugin with Crosswalk (for Android). It may help to install Crosswalk as a plugin instead of using Crosswalk to create the project.
  • Does not work with axemclion / react-native-cordova-plugin since the window.sqlitePlugin object exported (ES5 feature). Possible alternative solutions:

Additional limitations are tracked in cordova-sqlite-help doc-todo issues, cordova-sqlite-storage doc-todo issues, and Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter doc-todo issues.

Further testing needed

Some tips and tricks

  • If you run into problems and your code follows the asynchronous HTML5/Web SQL transaction API, you can try opening a test database using window.openDatabase and see if you get the same problems.
  • In case your database schema may change, it is recommended to keep a table with one row and one column to keep track of your own schema version number. It is possible to add it later. The recommended schema update procedure is described below.

Pitfalls

Some common pitfall(s)

  • If a database is opened using the standard window.openDatabase call it will not have any of the benefits of this plugin and features such as the sqlBatch call would not be available.
  • It is NOT allowed to execute sql statements on a transaction that has already finished, as described below. This is consistent with the HTML5/Web SQL API.
  • The plugin class name starts with "SQL" in capital letters, but in Javascript the sqlitePlugin object name starts with "sql" in small letters.
  • Attempting to open a database before receiving the 'deviceready' event callback.
  • Inserting STRING into ID field
  • Auto-vacuum is NOT enabled by default. It is recommended to periodically VACUUM the database. If no form of VACUUM or PRAGMA auto_vacuum is used then sqlite will automatically reuse deleted data space for new data but the database file will never shrink. For reference: http://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_auto_vacuum and litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#646
  • Transactions on a database are run sequentially. A large transaction could block smaller transactions requested afterwards.

Some weird pitfall(s)

Angular/ngCordova/Ionic-related pitfalls

Windows platform pitfalls

  • This plugin does not work with the default "Any CPU" target. A specific, valid CPU target platform must be specified.
  • It is not allowed to change the app ID in the Windows platform project. As described in the Windows platform usage of the Installing section a Windows-specific app ID may be declared using the windows-identity-name attribute or "WindowsStoreIdentityName" setting.
  • A problem locating SQLite3.md generally means that there was a problem building the C++ library.

General Cordova pitfalls

Documented in: brodybits / Avoiding-some-Cordova-pitfalls

General SQLite pitfalls

From https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#section_1:

SQLite uses a more general dynamic type system.

This is generally nice to have, especially in conjunction with a dynamically typed language such as JavaScript. Here are some major SQLite data typing principles:

However there are some possible gotchas:

  1. From https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#section_3_2:

Note that a declared type of "FLOATING POINT" would give INTEGER affinity, not REAL affinity, due to the "INT" at the end of "POINT". And the declared type of "STRING" has an affinity of NUMERIC, not TEXT.

  1. From ibid: a column declared as "DATETIME" has NUMERIC affinity, which gives no hint whether an INTEGER Unix time value, a REAL Julian time value, or possibly even a TEXT ISO8601 date/time string may be stored (further refs: https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#section_2_2, https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html#section_3)

From https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/phonegap/za7z51_fKRw, as discussed in litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#546: it was discovered that are some more points of possible confusion with date/time. For example, there is also a datetime function that returns date/time in TEXT string format. This should be considered a case of "DATETIME" overloading since SQLite is not case sensitive. This could really become confusing if different programmers or functions consider date/time to be stored in different ways.

FUTURE TBD: Proper date/time handling will be further tested and documented at some point.

Major TODOs

For future considertion

Alternatives

NOTE: None of the other alternatives currently support SQLCipher.

Comparison of sqlite plugin versions

  • litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-storage - core plugin version for Android/iOS/macOS/Windows (permissive license terms)
  • litehelpers / cordova-sqlite-ext - plugin version with REGEXP (Android/iOS/macOS), SELECT BLOB in Base64 format (all platforms Android/iOS/macOS/Windows), and pre-populated databases (all platforms Android/iOS/macOS/Windows). Permissive license terms.
  • litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-legacy-build-support - maintenance of WP8 platform version along with Windows 8.1/Windows Phone 8.1 and the other supported platforms Android/iOS/macOS/Windows 10; limited support for PhoneGap CLI/PhoneGap Build/plugman/Intel XDK; limited testing; limited updates. Permissive license terms.
  • litehelpers / Cordova-sqlcipher-adapter - supports SQLCipher for Android/iOS/macOS/Windows
  • litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evcore-extbuild-free - Enhancements for Android: JSON and SQL statement handling implemented in C, supports larger transactions and handles large SQL batches in less than half the time as this plugin version. Supports arbitrary database location on Android. Support for build environments such as PhoneGap Build and Intel XDK. Also includes REGEXP (Android/iOS/macOS) and SELECT BLOB in Base64 format (all platforms Android/iOS/macOS/Windows). GPL or commercial license terms.
  • litehelpers / cordova-sqlite-evplus-ext-legacy-build-free - internal memory improvements to support larger transactions (Android/iOS) and fix to support all Unicode characters (iOS). (GPL or special commercial license terms).
  • litehelpers / Cordova-sqlite-evplus-legacy-attach-detach-free - plugin version with support for ATTACH, includes internal memory improvements to support larger transactions (Android/iOS) and fix to support all Unicode characters (GPL or special commercial license terms).
  • litehelpers / cordova-sqlite-evmax-ext-workers-legacy-build-free - plugin version with support for web workers, includes internal memory improvements to support larger transactions (Android/iOS) and fix to support all Unicode characters (iOS). (GPL or premium commercial license terms).
  • Adaptation for React Native Android and iOS: andpor / react-native-sqlite-storage (permissive license terms)
  • Original plugin version for iOS (with a non-standard, outdated transaction API): davibe / Phonegap-SQLitePlugin (permissive license terms)

Other SQLite access projects

Alternative storage solutions

Usage

Self-test functions

To verify that both the Javascript and native part of this plugin are installed in your application:

window.sqlitePlugin.echoTest(successCallback, errorCallback);

To verify that this plugin is able to open a database (named ___$$$___litehelpers___$$$___test___$$$___.db), execute the CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) operations, and clean it up properly:

window.sqlitePlugin.selfTest(successCallback, errorCallback);

IMPORTANT: Please wait for the 'deviceready' event (see below for an example).

General

  • Drop-in replacement for HTML5/Web SQL API: the only change should be to replace the static window.openDatabase() factory call with window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase(), with parameters as documented below. Some other known deviations are described throughout this document. Reports of any additional deviations would be appreciated.
  • Single-page application design is recommended.
  • In case of a multi-page application the JavaScript used by each page must use sqlitePlugin.openDatabase to open the database access handle object before it can access the data.

NOTE: If a sqlite statement in a transaction fails with an error, the error handler must return false in order to recover the transaction. This is correct according to the HTML5/Web SQL API standard. This is different from the WebKit implementation of Web SQL in Android and iOS which recovers the transaction if a sql error hander returns a non-true value.

See the Sample section for a sample with detailed explanations.

Opening a database

To open a database access handle object (in the new default location):

var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'my.db', key: 'your-password-here', location: 'default'}, successcb, errorcb);

WARNING: The new "default" location value is NOT the same as the old default location and would break an upgrade for an app that was using the old default value (0) on iOS.

WARNING 2: As described above: by default this plugin uses a non-standard SQLCipher database implementation on Android. In case an application access the same database using multiple plugins there is a risk of data corruption ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#626) as described in http://ericsink.com/entries/multiple_sqlite_problem.html and https://www.sqlite.org/howtocorrupt.html. The workaround is to use the androidDatabaseImplementation: 2 setting as described in the Android sqlite implementation section below.

To specify a different location (affects iOS/macOS only):

var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'my.db', key: 'your-password-here', iosDatabaseLocation: 'Library'}, successcb, errorcb);

where the iosDatabaseLocation option may be set to one of the following choices:

  • default: Library/LocalDatabase subdirectory - NOT visible to iTunes and NOT backed up by iCloud
  • Library: Library subdirectory - backed up by iCloud, NOT visible to iTunes
  • Documents: Documents subdirectory - visible to iTunes and backed up by iCloud

WARNING: Again, the new "default" iosDatabaseLocation value is NOT the same as the old default location and would break an upgrade for an app using the old default value (0) on iOS.

ALTERNATIVE (deprecated):

  • var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'my.db', key: 'your-password-here', location: 1}, successcb, errorcb);

with the location option set to one the following choices (affects iOS only):

  • 0 (default): Documents - visible to iTunes and backed up by iCloud
  • 1: Library - backed up by iCloud, NOT visible to iTunes
  • 2: Library/LocalDatabase - NOT visible to iTunes and NOT backed up by iCloud (same as using "default")

No longer supported (see tip below to overwrite window.openDatabase): var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase("myDatabase.db", "1.0", "Demo", -1);

IMPORTANT: Please wait for the 'deviceready' event, as in the following example:

// Wait for Cordova to load
document.addEventListener('deviceready', onDeviceReady, false);

// Cordova is ready
function onDeviceReady() {
  var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'my.db', key: 'your-password-here', location: 'default'});
  // ...
}

The successcb and errorcb callback parameters are optional but can be extremely helpful in case anything goes wrong. For example:

window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'my.db', key: 'your-password-here', location: 'default'}, function(db) {
  db.transaction(function(tx) {
    // ...
  }, function(err) {
    console.log('Open database ERROR: ' + JSON.stringify(err));
  });
});

If any sql statements or transactions are attempted on a database object before the openDatabase result is known, they will be queued and will be aborted in case the database cannot be opened.

DATABASE NAME NOTES:

  • Database file names with slash (/) character(s) are not supported and not expected to work.
  • Database file names with ASCII control characters such as tab, vertical tab, carriage return, line feed, form feed, and backspace are not supported and do not work on Windows.
  • Some other ASCII characters not supported and not working on Windows: * < > ? \ " |
  • Database file names with emojis and other 4-octet UTF-8 characters are NOT RECOMMENDED, NOT WORKING on Android in this version branch.

OTHER NOTES:

  • The database file name should include the extension, if desired.
  • It is possible to open multiple database access handle objects for the same database.
  • The database handle access object can be closed as described below.

Web SQL replacement tip:

To overwrite window.openDatabase:

window.openDatabase = function(dbname, ignored1, ignored2, ignored3) {
  return window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: dbname, location: 'default'});
};

iCloud backup notes

As documented in the "A User’s iCloud Storage Is Limited" section of iCloudFundamentals in Mac Developer Library iCloud Design Guide (near the beginning):

  • DO store the following in iCloud:
    • [other items omitted]
    • Change log files for a SQLite database (a SQLite database’s store file must never be stored in iCloud)
  • DO NOT store the following in iCloud:
    • [items omitted]
- iCloudFundamentals in Mac Developer Library iCloud Design Guide

How to disable iCloud backup

Use the location or iosDatabaseLocation option in sqlitePlugin.openDatabase() to store the database in a subdirectory that is NOT backed up to iCloud, as described in the section below.

NOTE: Changing BackupWebStorage in config.xml has no effect on a database created by this plugin. BackupWebStorage applies only to local storage and/or Web SQL storage created in the WebView (not using this plugin). For reference: phonegap/build#338 (comment)

SQL transactions

The following types of SQL transactions are supported by this plugin version:

  • Single-statement transactions
  • SQL batch transactions
  • Standard asynchronous transactions

NOTE: Transaction requests are kept in one queue per database and executed in sequential order, according to the HTML5/Web SQL API.

WARNING: It is possible to request a SQL statement list such as "SELECT 1; SELECT 2" within a single SQL statement string, however the plugin will only execute the first statement and silently ignore the others. This could result in data loss if such a SQL statement list with any INSERT or UPDATE statement(s) are included. For reference: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#551

Single-statement transactions

Sample with INSERT:

db.executeSql('INSERT INTO MyTable VALUES (?)', ['test-value'], function (resultSet) {
  console.log('resultSet.insertId: ' + resultSet.insertId);
  console.log('resultSet.rowsAffected: ' + resultSet.rowsAffected);
}, function(error) {
  console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
});

Sample with SELECT:

db.executeSql("SELECT LENGTH('tenletters') AS stringlength", [], function (resultSet) {
  console.log('got stringlength: ' + resultSet.rows.item(0).stringlength);
}, function(error) {
  console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
});

NOTE/minor bug: The object returned by resultSet.rows.item(rowNumber) is not immutable. In addition, multiple calls to resultSet.rows.item(rowNumber) with the same rowNumber on the same resultSet object return the same object. For example, the following code will show Second uppertext result: ANOTHER:

db.executeSql("SELECT UPPER('First') AS uppertext", [], function (resultSet) {
  var obj1 = resultSet.rows.item(0);
  obj1.uppertext = 'ANOTHER';
  console.log('Second uppertext result: ' + resultSet.rows.item(0).uppertext);
  console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
});

SQL batch transactions

Sample:

db.sqlBatch([
  'DROP TABLE IF EXISTS MyTable',
  'CREATE TABLE MyTable (SampleColumn)',
  [ 'INSERT INTO MyTable VALUES (?)', ['test-value'] ],
], function() {
  db.executeSql('SELECT * FROM MyTable', [], function (resultSet) {
    console.log('Sample column value: ' + resultSet.rows.item(0).SampleColumn);
  });
}, function(error) {
  console.log('Populate table error: ' + error.message);
});

In case of an error, all changes in a sql batch are automatically discarded using ROLLBACK.

Standard asynchronous transactions

Standard asynchronous transactions follow the HTML5/Web SQL API which is very well documented and uses BEGIN and COMMIT or ROLLBACK to keep the transactions failure-safe. Here is a simple example:

db.transaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS MyTable');
  tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE MyTable (SampleColumn)');
  tx.executeSql('INSERT INTO MyTable VALUES (?)', ['test-value'], function(tx, resultSet) {
    console.log('resultSet.insertId: ' + resultSet.insertId);
    console.log('resultSet.rowsAffected: ' + resultSet.rowsAffected);
  }, function(tx, error) {
    console.log('INSERT error: ' + error.message);
  });
}, function(error) {
  console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
}, function() {
  console.log('transaction ok');
});

In case of a read-only transaction, it is possible to use readTransaction which will not use BEGIN, COMMIT, or ROLLBACK:

db.readTransaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql("SELECT UPPER('Some US-ASCII text') AS uppertext", [], function(tx, resultSet) {
    console.log("resultSet.rows.item(0).uppertext: " + resultSet.rows.item(0).uppertext);
  }, function(tx, error) {
    console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
  });
}, function(error) {
  console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
}, function() {
  console.log('transaction ok');
});

WARNING: It is NOT allowed to execute sql statements on a transaction after it has finished. Here is an example from the Populating Cordova SQLite storage with the JQuery API post at http://www.brodybits.com/cordova/sqlite/api/jquery/2015/10/26/populating-cordova-sqlite-storage-with-the-jquery-api.html:

  // BROKEN SAMPLE:
  db.executeSql("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tt");
  db.executeSql("CREATE TABLE tt (data)");

  db.transaction(function(tx) {
    $.ajax({
      url: 'https://api.github.com/users/litehelpers/repos',
      dataType: 'json',
      success: function(res) {
        console.log('Got AJAX response: ' + JSON.stringify(res));
        $.each(res, function(i, item) {
          console.log('REPO NAME: ' + item.name);
          tx.executeSql("INSERT INTO tt values (?)", JSON.stringify(item.name));
        });
      }
    });
  }, function(e) {
    console.log('Transaction error: ' + e.message);
  }, function() {
    // Check results:
    db.executeSql('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tt', [], function(res) {
      console.log('Check SELECT result: ' + JSON.stringify(res.rows.item(0)));
    });
  });

You can find more details and a step-by-step description how to do this right in the Populating Cordova SQLite storage with the JQuery API post at: http://www.brodybits.com/cordova/sqlite/api/jquery/2015/10/26/populating-cordova-sqlite-storage-with-the-jquery-api.html

NOTE/minor bug: Just like the single-statement transaction described above, the object returned by resultSet.rows.item(rowNumber) is not immutable. In addition, multiple calls to resultSet.rows.item(rowNumber) with the same rowNumber on the same resultSet object return the same object. For example, the following code will show Second uppertext result: ANOTHER:

db.readTransaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql("SELECT UPPER('First') AS uppertext", [], function(tx, resultSet) {
    var obj1 = resultSet.rows.item(0);
    obj1.uppertext = 'ANOTHER';
    console.log('Second uppertext result: ' + resultSet.rows.item(0).uppertext);
    console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
  });
});

FUTURE TBD: It should be possible to get a row result object using resultSet.rows[rowNumber], also in case of a single-statement transaction. This is non-standard but is supported by the Chrome desktop browser.

Background processing

The threading model depends on which platform version is used:

  • For Android, one background thread per db;
  • for iOS/macOS, background processing using a very limited thread pool (only one thread working at a time);
  • for Windows, no background processing.

Sample with PRAGMA feature

Creates a table, adds a single entry, then queries the count to check if the item was inserted as expected. Note that a new transaction is created in the middle of the first callback.

// Wait for Cordova to load
document.addEventListener('deviceready', onDeviceReady, false);

// Cordova is ready
function onDeviceReady() {
  var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: 'my.db', location: 'default'});

  db.transaction(function(tx) {
    tx.executeSql('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_table');
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_table (id integer primary key, data text, data_num integer)');

    // demonstrate PRAGMA:
    db.executeSql("pragma table_info (test_table);", [], function(res) {
      console.log("PRAGMA res: " + JSON.stringify(res));
    });

    tx.executeSql("INSERT INTO test_table (data, data_num) VALUES (?,?)", ["test", 100], function(tx, res) {
      console.log("insertId: " + res.insertId + " -- probably 1");
      console.log("rowsAffected: " + res.rowsAffected + " -- should be 1");

      db.transaction(function(tx) {
        tx.executeSql("select count(id) as cnt from test_table;", [], function(tx, res) {
          console.log("res.rows.length: " + res.rows.length + " -- should be 1");
          console.log("res.rows.item(0).cnt: " + res.rows.item(0).cnt + " -- should be 1");
        });
      });

    }, function(e) {
      console.log("ERROR: " + e.message);
    });
  });
}

NOTE: PRAGMA statements must be executed in executeSql() on the database object (i.e. db.executeSql()) and NOT within a transaction.

Sample with transaction-level nesting

In this case, the same transaction in the first executeSql() callback is being reused to run executeSql() again.

// Wait for Cordova to load
document.addEventListener('deviceready', onDeviceReady, false);

// Cordova is ready
function onDeviceReady() {
  var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({name: "my.db", key: "your-password-here", location: 'default'});

  db.transaction(function(tx) {
    tx.executeSql('DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_table');
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_table (id integer primary key, data text, data_num integer)');

    tx.executeSql("INSERT INTO test_table (data, data_num) VALUES (?,?)", ["test", 100], function(tx, res) {
      console.log("insertId: " + res.insertId + " -- probably 1");
      console.log("rowsAffected: " + res.rowsAffected + " -- should be 1");

      tx.executeSql("select count(id) as cnt from test_table;", [], function(tx, res) {
        console.log("res.rows.length: " + res.rows.length + " -- should be 1");
        console.log("res.rows.item(0).cnt: " + res.rows.item(0).cnt + " -- should be 1");
      });

    }, function(tx, e) {
      console.log("ERROR: " + e.message);
    });
  });
}

This case will also works with Safari (WebKit) (with no encryption), assuming you replace window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase with window.openDatabase.

Close a database object

This will invalidate all handle access handle objects for the database that is closed:

db.close(successcb, errorcb);

It is OK to close the database within a transaction callback but NOT within a statement callback. The following example is OK:

db.transaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql("SELECT LENGTH('tenletters') AS stringlength", [], function(tx, res) {
    console.log('got stringlength: ' + res.rows.item(0).stringlength);
  });
}, function(error) {
  // OK to close here:
  console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
  db.close();
}, function() {
  // OK to close here:
  console.log('transaction ok');
  db.close(function() {
    console.log('database is closed ok');
  });
});

The following example is NOT OK:

// BROKEN:
db.transaction(function(tx) {
  tx.executeSql("SELECT LENGTH('tenletters') AS stringlength", [], function(tx, res) {
    console.log('got stringlength: ' + res.rows.item(0).stringlength);
    // BROKEN - this will trigger the error callback:
    db.close(function() {
      console.log('database is closed ok');
    }, function(error) {
      console.log('ERROR closing database');
    });
  });
});

BUG: It is currently NOT possible to close a database in a db.executeSql callback. For example:

// BROKEN DUE TO BUG:
db.executeSql("SELECT LENGTH('tenletters') AS stringlength", [], function (res) {
  var stringlength = res.rows.item(0).stringlength;
  console.log('got stringlength: ' + res.rows.item(0).stringlength);

  // BROKEN - this will trigger the error callback DUE TO BUG:
  db.close(function() {
    console.log('database is closed ok');
  }, function(error) {
    console.log('ERROR closing database');
  });
});

SECOND BUG: When a database connection is closed, any queued transactions are left hanging. TODO: All pending transactions should be errored whenever a database connection is closed.

NOTE: As described above, if multiple database access handle objects are opened for the same database and one database handle access object is closed, the database is no longer available for the other database handle objects. Possible workarounds:

  • It is still possible to open one or more new database handle objects on a database that has been closed.
  • It should be OK not to explicitly close a database handle since database transactions are ACID compliant and the app's memory resources are cleaned up by the system upon termination.

FUTURE TBD: dispose method on the database access handle object, such that a database is closed once all access handle objects are disposed.

Delete a database

window.sqlitePlugin.deleteDatabase({name: 'my.db', location: 'default'}, successcb, errorcb);

with location or iosDatabaseLocation parameter required as described above for openDatabase (affects iOS/macOS only)

BUG: When a database is deleted, any queued transactions for that database are left hanging. TODO: All pending transactions should be errored when a database is deleted.

Database schema versions

The transactional nature of the API makes it relatively straightforward to manage a database schema that may be upgraded over time (adding new columns or new tables, for example). Here is the recommended procedure to follow upon app startup:

  • Check your database schema version number (you can use db.executeSql since it should be a very simple query)
  • If your database needs to be upgraded, do the following within a single transaction to be failure-safe:

IMPORTANT: Since we cannot be certain when the users will actually update their apps, old schema versions will have to be supported for a very long time.

Use with Ionic/ngCordova/Angular

Ionic 2

Tutorials with Ionic 2:

Sample for Ionic 2 wanted ref: litehelpers/Cordova-sqlite-storage#585

Ionic 1

Tutorial with Ionic 1: https://blog.nraboy.com/2014/11/use-sqlite-instead-local-storage-ionic-framework/

A sample for Ionic 1 is provided at: litehelpers / Ionic-sqlite-database-example

Documentation at: http://ngcordova.com/docs/plugins/sqlite/

Other resource (apparently for Ionic 1): https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/how-use-sqlite-ionic-store-data

NOTE: Some Ionic and other Angular pitfalls are described above.

Installing

Easy installation with Cordova CLI tool

npm install -g cordova # (in case you don't have cordova)
cordova create MyProjectFolder com.my.project MyProject && cd MyProjectFolder # if you are just starting
cordova plugin add cordova-sqlcipher-adapter --save
cordova platform add <desired platform> # repeat for all desired platform(s)
cordova prepare # OPTIONAL (MANDATORY cordova-ios older than 4.3.0 (Cordova CLI 6.4.0))

Additional Cordova CLI NOTES:

  • It is recommended to add all plugins including standard plugins such as cordova-plugin-whitelist with the --save flag to track these in config.xml.
  • In general there is no need to keep the Cordova platforms subdirectory tree in source code control (such as git). In case all plugins are added with the --save flag then there is no need to keep the plugins subdirectory tree in source code control either.
  • It is MANDATORY to use cordova prepare in case of cordova-ios older than 4.3.0 (Cordova CLI 6.4.0).
  • In case of problems with building and running it is recommended to try again after cordova prepare.
  • If you cannot build for a platform after cordova prepare, you may have to remove the platform and add it again, such as:
cordova platform rm ios
cordova platform add ios

or more drastically:

rm -rf platforms
cordova platform add ios

Plugin installation sources

Windows platform usage

This plugin can be challenging to use on Windows since it includes a native SQLite3 library that is built as a part of the Cordova app. Here are some requirements:

Installation test

Easy installation test

Use window.sqlitePlugin.echoTest and/or window.sqlitePlugin.selfTest as described above (please wait for the deviceready event).

Quick installation test

Assuming your app has a recent template as used by the Cordova create script, add the following code to the onDeviceReady function, after app.receivedEvent('deviceready');:

  window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({ name: 'hello-world.db', location: 'default' }, function (db) {
    db.executeSql("select length('tenletters') as stringlength", [], function (res) {
      var stringlength = res.rows.item(0).stringlength;
      console.log('got stringlength: ' + stringlength);
      document.getElementById('deviceready').querySelector('.received').innerHTML = 'stringlength: ' + stringlength;
   });
  });

Support

Free support policy

Free support is provided on a best-effort basis and is only available in public forums. Please follow the steps below to be sure you have done your best before requesting help.

Professional support

Professional support is available by contacting: [email protected]

For more information: http://litehelpers.net/

Before seeking help

First steps:

and check the following:

  • You are using the latest version of the Plugin (Javascript and platform-specific part) from this repository.
  • The plugin is installed correctly.
  • You have included the correct version of cordova.js.
  • You have registered the plugin properly in config.xml.

If you still cannot get something to work:

Issues with AJAX

General: As documented above with a negative example the application must wait for the AJAX query to finish before starting a transaction and adding the data elements.

In case of issues it is recommended to rework the reproduction program insert the data from a JavaScript object after a delay. There is already a test function for this in brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app.

FUTURE TBD examples

Test program to seek help

If you continue to see the issue: please make the simplest test program possible based on brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app to demonstrate the issue with the following characteristics:

  • it completely self-contained, i.e. it is using no extra libraries beyond cordova & SQLitePlugin.js;
  • if the issue is with adding data to a table, that the test program includes the statements you used to open the database and create the table;
  • if the issue is with retrieving data from a table, that the test program includes the statements you used to open the database, create the table, and enter the data you are trying to retrieve.

What will be supported for free

It is recommended to make a small, self-contained test program based on brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app that can demonstrate your problem and post it. Please do not use any other plugins or frameworks than are absolutely necessary to demonstrate your problem.

In case of a problem with a pre-populated database, please post your entire project.

What is NOT supported for free

  • Debugging, optimization, and other help with application code.

What information is needed for help

Please include the following:

  • Which platform(s) (Android/iOS/macOS/Windows 8.1/Windows Phone 8.1/Windows 10)
  • Clear description of the issue
  • A small, complete, self-contained program that demonstrates the problem, preferably as a Github project, based on brodybits / cordova-sqlite-test-app. ZIP/TGZ/BZ2 archive available from a public link is OK. No RAR or other such formats please.
  • In case of a Windows build problem please capture the entire compiler output.

Please do NOT use any of these formats

  • screen casts or videos
  • RAR or similar archive formats
  • Intel, MS IDE, or similar project formats unless absolutely necessary

Where to ask for help

Once you have followed the directions above, you may request free support in the following location(s):

Please include the information described above otherwise.

Unit tests

Unit testing is done in spec.

running tests from shell

TBD test.sh testing limited with sqlcipher version of this plugin, does not auto-remove correct plugin id

To run the tests from *nix shell, simply do either:

./bin/test.sh ios

or for Android:

./bin/test.sh android

To run from a windows powershell (here is a sample for android target):

.\bin\test.ps1 android

Adapters

GENERAL: The adapters described here are community maintained.

Lawnchair Adapter

POSSIBLY BROKEN: The Lawnchair adapter does may not support all openDatabase options such as key, location or iosDatabaseLocation options and is therefore not expected guaranteed to work with this plugin.

PouchDB

Adapters wanted

  • IndexedDBShim adapter (possibly based on IndexedDBShim)

Sample

Contributed by @Mikejo5000 (Mike Jones) from Microsoft.

Interact with the SQLite database

The SQLite storage plugin sample allows you to execute SQL statements to interact with the database. The code snippets in this section demonstrate simple plugin tasks including:

Open the database and create a table

Call the openDatabase() function to get started, passing in the name and location for the database.

var db = window.sqlitePlugin.openDatabase({ name: 'my.db', location: 'default' }, function (db) {

    // Here, you might create or open the table.

}, function (error) {
    console.log('Open database ERROR: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
});

Create a table with three columns for first name, last name, and a customer account number. If the table already exists, this SQL statement opens the table.

db.transaction(function (tx) {
    // ...
    tx.executeSql('CREATE TABLE customerAccounts (firstname, lastname, acctNo)');
}, function (error) {
    console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
}, function () {
    console.log('transaction ok');
});

By wrapping the previous executeSql() function call in db.transaction(), we will make these tasks asynchronous. If you want to, you can use multiple executeSql() statements within a single transaction (not shown).

Add a row to the database

Add a row to the database using the INSERT INTO SQL statement.

function addItem(first, last, acctNum) {

    db.transaction(function (tx) {

        var query = "INSERT INTO customerAccounts (firstname, lastname, acctNo) VALUES (?,?,?)";

        tx.executeSql(query, [first, last, acctNum], function(tx, res) {
            console.log("insertId: " + res.insertId + " -- probably 1");
            console.log("rowsAffected: " + res.rowsAffected + " -- should be 1");
        },
        function(tx, error) {
            console.log('INSERT error: ' + error.message);
        });
    }, function(error) {
        console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
    }, function() {
        console.log('transaction ok');
    });
}

To add some actual rows in your app, call the addItem function several times.

addItem("Fred", "Smith", 100);
addItem("Bob", "Yerunkle", 101);
addItem("Joe", "Auzomme", 102);
addItem("Pete", "Smith", 103);

Read data from the database

Add code to read from the database using a SELECT statement. Include a WHERE condition to match the resultSet to the passed in last name.

function getData(last) {

    db.transaction(function (tx) {

        var query = "SELECT firstname, lastname, acctNo FROM customerAccounts WHERE lastname = ?";

        tx.executeSql(query, [last], function (tx, resultSet) {

            for(var x = 0; x < resultSet.rows.length; x++) {
                console.log("First name: " + resultSet.rows.item(x).firstname +
                    ", Acct: " + resultSet.rows.item(x).acctNo);
            }
        },
        function (tx, error) {
            console.log('SELECT error: ' + error.message);
        });
    }, function (error) {
        console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
    }, function () {
        console.log('transaction ok');
    });
}

Remove a row from the database

Add a function to remove a row from the database that matches the passed in customer account number.

function removeItem(acctNum) {

    db.transaction(function (tx) {

        var query = "DELETE FROM customerAccounts WHERE acctNo = ?";

        tx.executeSql(query, [acctNum], function (tx, res) {
            console.log("removeId: " + res.insertId);
            console.log("rowsAffected: " + res.rowsAffected);
        },
        function (tx, error) {
            console.log('DELETE error: ' + error.message);
        });
    }, function (error) {
        console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
    }, function () {
        console.log('transaction ok');
    });
}

Update rows in the database

Add a function to update rows in the database for records that match the passed in customer account number. In this form, the statement will update multiple rows if the account numbers are not unique.

function updateItem(first, id) {
    // UPDATE Cars SET Name='Skoda Octavia' WHERE Id=3;
    db.transaction(function (tx) {

        var query = "UPDATE customerAccounts SET firstname = ? WHERE acctNo = ?";

        tx.executeSql(query, [first, id], function(tx, res) {
            console.log("insertId: " + res.insertId);
            console.log("rowsAffected: " + res.rowsAffected);
        },
        function(tx, error) {
            console.log('UPDATE error: ' + error.message);
        });
    }, function(error) {
        console.log('transaction error: ' + error.message);
    }, function() {
        console.log('transaction ok');
    });
}

To call the preceding function, add code like this in your app.

updateItem("Yme", 102);

Close the database

When you are finished with your transactions, close the database. Call closeDB within the transaction success or failure callbacks (rather than the callbacks for executeSql()).

function closeDB() {
    db.close(function () {
        console.log("DB closed!");
    }, function (error) {
        console.log("Error closing DB:" + error.message);
    });
}

Source tree

  • SQLitePlugin.coffee.md: platform-independent (Literate CoffeeScript, can be compiled with a recent CoffeeScript (1.x) compiler)
  • www: platform-independent Javascript as generated from SQLitePlugin.coffee.md using coffeescript@1 (and committed!)
  • src: platform-specific source code
  • node_modules: placeholder for external dependencies
  • scripts: installation hook script to fetch the external dependencies via npm
  • spec: test suite using Jasmine (2.4.1)
  • tests: very simple Jasmine test suite that is run on Circle CI (Android platform) and Travis CI (iOS platform) (used as a placeholder)

Contributing

Community

Code

WARNING: Please do NOT propose changes from your default branch. Contributions may be rebased using git rebase or git cherry-pick and not merged.

  • Patches with bug fixes are helpful, especially when submitted with test code.
  • Other enhancements welcome for consideration, when submitted with test code and are working for all supported platforms. Increase of complexity should be avoided.
  • All contributions may be reused by @brodybits under another license in the future. Efforts will be taken to give credit for major contributions but it will not be guaranteed.
  • Project restructuring, i.e. moving files and/or directories around, should be avoided if possible.
  • If you see a need for restructuring, it is better to first discuss it in new issue where alternatives can be discussed before reaching a conclusion. If you want to propose a change to the project structure:
    • Remember to make (and use) a special branch within your fork from which you can send the proposed restructuring;
    • Always use git mv to move files & directories;
    • Never mix a move/rename operation with any other changes in the same commit.

Contact

[email protected]

About

A Cordova/PhoneGap plugin to create and access encrypted databases on Android, iOS, and Windows with API similar to HTML5/Web SQL API

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0.1.11-OS Latest
Dec 13, 2018

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