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format-version: 1.2
data-version: 1.4
date: 09:01:2020 12:00
saved-by: pduek
auto-generated-by: OBO-Edit 2.3
default-namespace: TS
remark: This is a beta version and is only for experimental implementation. This work is copyright the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC BY 4.0). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
[Term]
id: TS-0001
name: Abdomen
def: "That portion of the body that lies between the thorax and the pelvis." [MeSH:Abdomen]
xref: BTO:0000020
xref: FMA:9577
xref: MESH:D000005
xref: UBERON:0000916
relationship: part_of TS-1071 ! Trunk
[Term]
id: TS-0002
name: Abdominal adipose tissue
def: "Fatty tissue in the region of the abdomen." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Abdominal Fat" RELATED []
xref: MESH:D050153
xref: UBERON:0007808
is_a: TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue
relationship: part_of TS-0001 ! Abdomen
[Term]
id: TS-0012
name: Adipocyte
def: "Cells in the body that store fats, usually in the form of triglycerides. White adipocytes are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. Brown adipocytes are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals." [MeSH:Adipocytes]
synonym: "Adipocytes" RELATED []
synonym: "Fat cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Lipocyte" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000443
xref: CL:0000136
xref: FMA:63880
xref: MESH:D017667
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue
is_a: TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell
relationship: part_of TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0013
name: Adipose tissue
def: "Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (adipocytes). It is the site of stored fats, usually in the form of triglycerides. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the white fat and the brown fat. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white." [MeSH:Adipose_Tissue]
synonym: "Adipose" RELATED []
synonym: "Fat" RELATED []
synonym: "Fat tissue" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001487
xref: FMA:20110
xref: MESH:D000273
xref: UBERON:0001013
is_a: TS-2009 ! Connective tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0015
name: Adrenal cortex
def: "The outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is derived from mesoderm and comprised of three zones (outer zona glomerulosa, middle zona fasciculata, and inner zona reticularis) with each producing various steroids preferentially, such as aldosterone; hydrocortisone; dehydroepiandrosterone; and androstenedione. Adrenal cortex function is regulated by pituitary adrenocorticotropin." [MeSH:Adrenal_Cortex]
synonym: "Adrenal gland cortex" RELATED []
synonym: "Adrenal gland cortex cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Adrenocortical" RELATED []
synonym: "Cortex of adrenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Cortex of suprarenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Suprarenal cortex" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000045
xref: FMA:15632
xref: MESH:D000302
xref: UBERON:0001235
relationship: part_of TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland
[Term]
id: TS-0016
name: Adrenal gland
def: "A pair of glands located at the cranial pole of each of the two kidneys. Each adrenal gland is composed of two distinct endocrine tissues with separate embryonic origins, the adrenal cortex producing steroids and the adrenal medulla producing neurotransmitters." [MeSH:Adrenal_Glands]
synonym: "Adrenal" RELATED []
synonym: "Suprarenal gland" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000047
xref: FMA:9604
xref: MESH:D000311
xref: UBERON:0002369
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/adrenal+gland
is_a: TS-1300 ! Endocrine gland
[Term]
id: TS-0017
name: Adrenal glomerulosa
def: "The narrow subcapsular outer zone of the adrenal cortex. This zone produces a series of enzymes that convert pregnenolone to aldosterone. The final steps involve three successive oxidations by aldosterone synthase." [MeSH:Zona_Glomerulosa]
synonym: "Zona glomerulosa" RELATED []
synonym: "Zona glomerulosa of adrenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Zona glomerulosa of suprarenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Adrenal gland cells in zona glomerulosa" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000048
xref: FMA:69225
xref: MESH:D015384
xref: UBERON:0002053
relationship: part_of TS-0015 ! Adrenal cortex
[Term]
id: TS-0018
name: Adrenal medulla
def: "The inner portion of the adrenal gland. Derived from ectoderm, adrenal medulla consists mainly of chromaffin cells that produces and stores a number of neurotransmitters, mainly adrenaline (epinephrine) and norepinephrine. The activity of the adrenal medulla is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system." [MeSH:Adrenal_Medulla]
synonym: "Adrenal gland medulla" RELATED []
synonym: "Medulla of adrenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Medulla of suprarenal gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Suprarenal medulla" RELATED []
synonym: "Adrenal gland medullary cells" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000049
xref: FMA:15633
xref: MESH:D000313
xref: UBERON:0001236
relationship: part_of TS-0016 ! Adrenal gland
[Term]
id: TS-0023
name: Airway epithelium
def: "The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract, including the nasal cavity; the larynx; the trachea; and the bronchi tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous goblet cells, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells." [MeSH:Respiratory_Mucosa]
synonym: "Airway epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Respiratory epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Respiratory system epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Respiratory system epithelium" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000419
xref: MESH:D020545
xref: UBERON:0004802
xref: UBERON:0004807
is_a: TS-0288 ! Epithelium
relationship: part_of TS-1319 ! Respiratory system
[Term]
id: TS-0030
name: Alveolar macrophage
def: "Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells." [MeSH:Alveolar_Macrophages]
xref: BTO:0000802
xref: CL:0000583
xref: FMA:83023
xref: MESH:D016676
is_a: TS-0576 ! Lung macrophage
relationship: part_of TS-0031 ! Alveolus
[Term]
id: TS-0031
name: Alveolus
def: "Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place. Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs." [MeSH:Pulmonary_Alveoli;NCI_Thesaurus:Alveolus]
synonym: "Air sac" RELATED []
synonym: "Alveoli" RELATED []
synonym: "Alveolus of lung" RELATED []
synonym: "Lung alveoli" RELATED []
synonym: "Lung alveolus" RELATED []
synonym: "Pulmonary alveoli" RELATED []
synonym: "Pulmonary alveolus" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000060
xref: FMA:82493
xref: MESH:D011650
xref: UBERON:0002299
relationship: part_of TS-1296 ! Bronchoalveolar system
[Term]
id: TS-0033
name: Amnion
def: "The innermost membranous sac that surrounds and protects the developing embryo which is bathed in the amniotic fluid. Amnion cells are secretory epithelial cells and contribute to the amniotic fluid." [MeSH:Amnion]
synonym: "Amniotic membrane" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000065
xref: FMA:80223
xref: MESH:D000650
xref: UBERON:0000305
is_a: TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0034
name: Amniotic fluid
def: "A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the fetus inside the sac of amnion. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (amniocentesis)." [MeSH:Amniotic_Fluid]
synonym: "Fetal amniotic fluid" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000068
xref: MESH:D000653
xref: UBERON:0000173
is_a: TS-2120 ! Extraembryonic fluid
[Term]
id: TS-0037
name: Amygdala
def: "Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle of the brain, within the temporal lobe. The amygdala is part of the limbic system." [MeSH:Amygdala]
synonym: "Amygdaloid body" RELATED []
synonym: "Archistriatum" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001042
xref: FMA:61841
xref: MESH:D000679
xref: UBERON:0001876
relationship: part_of TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia
relationship: part_of TS-1307 ! Limbic system
[Term]
id: TS-0046
name: Aorta
def: "The main trunk of the systemic arteries." [MeSH:Aorta]
synonym: "Aortic" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000135
xref: FMA:3734
xref: MESH:D001011
xref: UBERON:0000947
is_a: TS-0054 ! Artery
[Term]
id: TS-0047
name: Aortic endothelium
def: "Endothelium lining the aorta." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Aorta endothelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Aorta endothelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Aortic endothelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Endothelium of aorta" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000394
xref: BTO:0003245
xref: UBERON:0004851
is_a: TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium
relationship: part_of TS-0046 ! Aorta
[Term]
id: TS-0048
name: Aortic smooth muscle
def: "Smooth muscle of aorta." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Aorta smooth muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "Aorta smooth muscle tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "Aortic smooth muscle tissue" RELATED []
synonym: "Aortic vascular smooth muscle" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001685
xref: UBERON:0004178
is_a: TS-1198 ! Artery smooth muscle
relationship: part_of TS-0046 ! Aorta
[Term]
id: TS-0051
name: Skin appendage
def: "Skin appendages are derived from epidermal epithelium during development. They include: hair follicles, sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands, and their products hair, sebum, serus secretion and sweat." [ISBN:978-0781750561]
synonym: "Adnexa of skin" RELATED []
synonym: "Cutaneous appendage" RELATED []
synonym: "Skin appendages" RELATED []
xref: FMA:71012
xref: UBERON:0000021
relationship: part_of TS-0934 ! Skin
[Term]
id: TS-0052
name: Arachnoid membrane
def: "A delicate membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord. It lies between the pia mater and the dura mater. It is separated from the pia mater by the subarachnoid cavity which is filled with cerebrospinal fluid." [MeSH:Arachnoid]
synonym: "Arachnoid" RELATED []
synonym: "Arachnoid mater" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001636
xref: FMA:9591
xref: MESH:D001099
xref: UBERON:0002362
relationship: part_of TS-0546 ! Leptomeninges
[Term]
id: TS-0054
name: Artery
def: "The vessels carrying blood away from the heart." [MeSH:Arteries]
synonym: "Arterial vessel" RELATED []
synonym: "Arteries" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000573
xref: FMA:50720
xref: MESH:D001158
xref: UBERON:0001637
is_a: TS-0080 ! Blood vessel
[Term]
id: TS-0055
name: Articular cartilage
def: "A thin layer of cartilage, usually of hyaline, that covers the epiphysis where the bone forms a joint with another bone. Absorbs shock and reduces friction." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Articular cartilage of joint" RELATED []
synonym: "Joint cartilage" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001572
xref: FMA:12264
xref: MESH:D002358
xref: UBERON:0010996
is_a: TS-0118 ! Cartilage
relationship: part_of TS-2023 ! Joint
[Term]
id: TS-0056
name: Articular chondrocyte
def: "Chondrocyte forming the hyaline cartilage found in joints." [neXtProt:PDR]
xref: CL:1001607
is_a: TS-0138 ! Chondrocyte
relationship: part_of TS-0055 ! Articular cartilage
[Term]
id: TS-0057
name: Ascending colon
def: "The segment of large intestine between the cecum and the transverse colon. It passes cephalad from the cecum to the caudal surface of the right lobe of the liver where it bends sharply to the left, forming the right colic flexure." [MeSH:Ascending_Colon]
synonym: "Colon ascendens" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000270
xref: FMA:14545
xref: MESH:D044682
xref: UBERON:0001156
relationship: part_of TS-0158 ! Colon
[Term]
id: TS-0060
name: Astrocyte
def: "A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system, the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from star cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with end feet which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and reactive astrocytes (along with microglia) respond to injury." [MeSH:Astrocytes]
synonym: "Astroglia" RELATED []
synonym: "Brain astrocyte" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000099
xref: BTO:0003852
xref: CL:0000127
xref: FMA:54537
xref: MESH:D001253
is_a: TS-2027 ! Macroglia
[Term]
id: TS-0068
name: B-cell
def: "Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation." [MeSH:B-Lymphocytes]
synonym: "B cell" RELATED []
synonym: "B lymphocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "B-lymphocyte" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000776
xref: CL:0000236
xref: FMA:62869
xref: MESH:D001402
is_a: TS-0583 ! Lymphocyte
[Term]
id: TS-0073
name: Basophil
def: "Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes." [MeSH:Basophils]
synonym: "Basophilic granulocyte" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000129
xref: CL:0000767
xref: FMA:62862
xref: MESH:D001491
is_a: TS-0422 ! Granulocyte
[Term]
id: TS-0075
name: Bile duct
def: "The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the bile canaliculi, the smallest branch of the biliary tract in the liver, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the gallbladder for storage." [MeSH:Bile_Ducts]
synonym: "Bile duct cells" RELATED []
synonym: "Biliary duct" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000122
xref: FMA:9706
xref: MESH:D001652
xref: UBERON:0002394
relationship: part_of TS-1308 ! Liver and biliary system
[Term]
id: TS-0076
name: Blastocyst
def: "A post-morula preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper." [MeSH:Blastocyst]
xref: BTO:0001099
xref: FMA:83041
xref: MESH:D001755
xref: UBERON:0000358
is_a: TS-2110 ! Embryonic structure
[Term]
id: TS-0079
name: Blood
def: "The body fluid that circulates in the cardiovascular system (blood vessels and blood capillaries) including plasma and blood cells." [MeSH:Blood]
synonym: "Bloodstream" RELATED []
synonym: "Circulating blood" RELATED []
synonym: "Peripheral blood" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000553
xref: BTO:0000089
xref: MESH:D001769
xref: UBERON:0000178
is_a: TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion
relationship: part_of TS-0449 ! Hematopoietic and immune systems
relationship: part_of TS-1297 ! Cardiovascular system
[Term]
id: TS-0080
name: Blood vessel
def: "Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins)." [MeSH:Blood_Vessels]
synonym: "Vascular" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001102
xref: FMA:63183
xref: MESH:D001808
xref: UBERON:0001981
relationship: part_of TS-1297 ! Cardiovascular system
[Term]
id: TS-0085
name: Bone marrow stroma
def: "The stroma of the bone marrow is the supporting tissue not directly involved in the primary function of hematopoiesis." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Stroma of bone marrow" RELATED []
xref: FMA:21426
xref: UBERON:0007195
is_a: TS-2009 ! Connective tissue
relationship: part_of TS-0087 ! Bone marrow
[Term]
id: TS-0087
name: Bone marrow
def: "The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells." [MeSH:Bone_Marrow]
xref: BTO:0000141
xref: FMA:9608
xref: MESH:D001853
xref: UBERON:0002371
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/bone+marrow
relationship: part_of TS-0088 ! Bone
relationship: part_of TS-0449 ! Hematopoietic and immune systems
[Term]
id: TS-0088
name: Bone
def: "Rigid organ that forms the skeletal components of the body. The tissues found in bones include bone tissue, bone marrow, endosteum and periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage." [Wikipedia:Bone]
synonym: "Bones" RELATED []
xref: FMA:30317
xref: UBERON:0001474
relationship: part_of TS-1320 ! Skeletal system
[Term]
id: TS-0090
name: Brain capillary
def: "Capillaries of the blood-brain-barrier." [neXtProt:PDR]
is_a: TS-2006 ! Capillary
relationship: part_of TS-0095 ! Brain
[Term]
id: TS-0091
name: Cerebral cortex
def: "The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon and folds into gyri. It reaches its highest development in man and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions." [MeSH:Cerebral_Cortex]
synonym: "Brain cortex" RELATED []
synonym: "Cerebrum cortex" RELATED []
synonym: "Cortex of cerebral hemisphere" RELATED []
synonym: "Pallium" RELATED []
synonym: "Pallium of the brain" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000233
xref: FMA:61830
xref: MESH:D002540
xref: UBERON:0000956
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/cerebral+cortex
relationship: part_of TS-1018 ! Telencephalon
[Term]
id: TS-0092
name: Brain endothelium
def: "Endothelium found in blood vessels of the blood-brain-barrier." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Cerebromicrovascular endothelium" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0003248
xref: UBERON:0013694
is_a: TS-0112 ! Capillary endothelium
relationship: part_of TS-0090 ! Brain capillary
[Term]
id: TS-0093
name: Brain stem
def: "The part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. It consists of the mesencephalon; pons; and medulla oblongata." [MeSH:Brain_Stem]
synonym: "Brainstem" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000146
xref: FMA:79876
xref: MESH:D001933
xref: UBERON:0002298
relationship: part_of TS-0095 ! Brain
[Term]
id: TS-0095
name: Brain
def: "The part of central nervous system that is contained within the skull (cranium). Arising from the neural tube, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including prosencephalon (the forebrain); mesencephalon (the midbrain); and rhombencephalon (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of cerebrum; cerebellum; and other structures in the brain stem." [MeSH:Brain]
synonym: "Encephalon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000142
xref: FMA:50801
xref: MESH:D001921
xref: UBERON:0000955
relationship: part_of TS-0150 ! Central nervous system
[Term]
id: TS-0099
name: Brown adipose tissue
def: "A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of brown adipocytes. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with mitochondria which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids. Fat cells with dark coloration due to the densely packed mitochondria. They contain numerous small lipid droplets or vacuoles. Their stored lipids can be converted directly to energy as heat by the mitochondria ." [MeSH:brown_adipose_tissue;MeSH:brown_adipocytes]
synonym: "Brown adipocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Brown fat" RELATED []
synonym: "Brown fat cell" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000156
xref: FMA:20118
xref: FMA:83435
xref: MESH:D002001
xref: MESH:D052437
xref: UBERON:0001348
is_a: TS-0013 ! Adipose tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0103
name: Bulbourethral gland
def: "Glands situated on each side of the prostate that secrete a fluid component of the seminal fluid into the urethra." [MeSH:Bulbourethral_Glands]
synonym: "Bulbo-urethral gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Cowper's gland" RELATED []
synonym: "Cowper's glands" RELATED []
synonym: "Cowpers gland" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001698
xref: FMA:9599
xref: MESH:D002030
xref: UBERON:0002366
is_a: TS-2012 ! Exocrine gland
relationship: part_of TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system
[Term]
id: TS-0110
name: Cancellous bone
def: "Bone tissue that has the appearance of a sponge. The tissue is arranged as trabeculae forming a meshwork. The spaces of the meshwork are continuous and occupied by marrow and blood vessels." [ISBN:978-0781750561]
synonym: "Cancellated bone" RELATED []
synonym: "Spongy bone" RELATED []
synonym: "Trabecular bone" RELATED []
synonym: "Trabecular substance" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001700
xref: FMA:24019
xref: UBERON:0002483
is_a: TS-2011 ! Bone tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0112
name: Capillary endothelium
def: "Endothelium lining capillaries." [neXtProt:PDR]
xref: FMA:62114
xref: UBERON:0001915
is_a: TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium
relationship: part_of TS-2006 ! Capillary
[Term]
id: TS-0115
name: Heart muscle cell
def: "Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts." [MeSH:Cardiac_Myocytes]
synonym: "Cardiac cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cardiac muscle cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cardiac myocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Cardiomyocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Heart muscle myocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Heart muscle myocytes" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001539
xref: CL:0000746
xref: MESH:D032383
is_a: TS-2157 ! Striated muscle cell
relationship: part_of TS-0440 ! Heart muscle
[Term]
id: TS-0116
name: Carotid artery
def: "Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery." [MeSH:Carotid_Arteries]
synonym: "Carotid arteries" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000168
xref: FMA:3939
xref: MESH:D002339
xref: UBERON:0005396
is_a: TS-0054 ! Artery
[Term]
id: TS-0118
name: Cartilage
def: "A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix that includes chondroitin sulfate and various types of fibrillar collagen. There are three major types: hyaline cartilage; fibrocartilage; and elastic cartilage." [MeSH:Cartilage]
xref: BTO:0000206
xref: FMA:71500
xref: MESH:D002356
xref: UBERON:0007844
is_a: TS-2009 ! Connective tissue
relationship: part_of TS-1320 ! Skeletal system
[Term]
id: TS-0121
name: Caudate nucleus
def: "Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain." [MeSH:Caudate_Nucleus]
synonym: "Caudate" RELATED []
synonym: "Caudatus" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000211
xref: FMA:61833
xref: MESH:D002421
xref: UBERON:0001873
relationship: part_of TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia
[Term]
id: TS-0122
name: Cecum
def: "The blind sac or outpouching area of the large intestine that is below the entrance of the small intestine. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform appendix." [MeSH:Cecum]
synonym: "Blind intestine" RELATED []
synonym: "Blindgut" RELATED []
synonym: "Caeca" RELATED []
synonym: "Caecum" RELATED []
synonym: "Ceca" RELATED []
synonym: "Intestinum caecum" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000166
xref: FMA:14541
xref: MESH:D002432
xref: UBERON:0001153
relationship: part_of TS-1306 ! Large intestine
[Term]
id: TS-0125
name: Cerebellum
def: "The part of brain that lies behind the brain stem in the posterior base of skull (posterior cranial fossa). It is also known as the little brain with convolutions similar to those of cerebral cortex, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills." [MeSH:Cerebellum]
synonym: "Cerebellar" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000232
xref: FMA:67944
xref: MESH:D002531
xref: UBERON:0002037
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/cerebellum
relationship: part_of TS-2029 ! Metencephalon
[Term]
id: TS-0126
name: Cerebral artery
def: "The arterial blood vessels supplying the cerebrum." [MeSH:Cerebral_Arteries]
xref: MESH:D002536
xref: UBERON:0004449
is_a: TS-0054 ! Artery
[Term]
id: TS-0130
name: Cerebrospinal fluid
def: "The fluid that is contained within the brain ventricles, the subarachnoid space and the central canal of the spinal cord." [NCI_Thesaurus:Cerebrospinal_fluid]
synonym: "Cerebral spinal fluid" RELATED []
synonym: "CSF" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000237
xref: FMA:20935
xref: MESH:D002555
xref: UBERON:0001359
is_a: TS-2101 ! Fluid and secretion
relationship: part_of TS-0150 ! Central nervous system
[Term]
id: TS-0134
name: Uterine cervix
def: "The neck portion of the uterus between the lower isthmus and the vagina forming the cervical canal." [MeSH:Cervix_Uteri]
synonym: "Cervical canal" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervical canal of uterus" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervix" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervix of uterus" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervix, uterine" RELATED []
synonym: "Neck of uterus" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001421
xref: FMA:17740
xref: MESH:D002584
xref: UBERON:0000002
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/cervix,+uterine
relationship: part_of TS-1102 ! Uterus
[Term]
id: TS-0137
name: Uterine cervix epithelium
def: "Epithelium lining the uterine cervix. The portion of the uterine cervix epithelium that projects into the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium and the supravaginal portion is columnar epithelium." [ISBN:978-0781750561]
synonym: "Cervical epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervical epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervix epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cervix epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Epithelium of uterine cervix" RELATED []
synonym: "Uterine cervix epithelial cell" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000241
xref: UBERON:0004801
is_a: TS-0288 ! Epithelium
relationship: part_of TS-0134 ! Uterine cervix
[Term]
id: TS-0138
name: Chondrocyte
def: "Polymorphic cells that form cartilage." [MeSH:Chondrocytes]
synonym: "Cartilage cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cartilage chondrocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Chondrocytes" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000249
xref: CL:0000138
xref: FMA:66782
xref: MESH:D019902
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/soft+tissue
is_a: TS-2096 ! Connective tissue cell
relationship: part_of TS-0118 ! Cartilage
[Term]
id: TS-0141
name: Chorioamniotic membrane
def: "Amnionic and chorionic membranes considered together." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Amnionic/chorionic membrane" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000064
is_a: TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0144
name: Chorionic membrane
def: "The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In reptiles and birds, it adheres to the shell and allows exchange of gases between the egg and its environment. In mammals, the chorion evolves into the fetal contribution of the placenta." [MeSH:Chorion]
synonym: "Chorion" RELATED []
synonym: "Chorion membrane" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000252
xref: FMA:80224
xref: MESH:D002823
xref: UBERON:0003124
is_a: TS-2119 ! Extraembryonic tissue
[Term]
id: TS-0145
name: Choroid plexus
def: "A villous structure of tangled masses of blood vessels contained within the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of the brain. It regulates part of the production and composition of cerebrospinal fluid." [MeSH:Choroid_Plexus]
xref: BTO:0000258
xref: FMA:61934
xref: MESH:D002831
xref: UBERON:0001886
relationship: part_of TS-1295 ! Ventricular system of brain
[Term]
id: TS-0150
name: Central nervous system
def: "The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges." [MeSH:Central_Nervous_System]
synonym: "Cerebrospinal axis" RELATED []
synonym: "CNS" RELATED []
synonym: "Neuraxis" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000227
xref: FMA:55675
xref: MESH:D002490
xref: UBERON:0001017
relationship: part_of TS-1313 ! Nervous system
[Term]
id: TS-0151
name: Cochlea
def: "The part of the inner ear (labyrinth) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the vestibular labyrinth." [MeSH:Cochlea]
synonym: "Cochlear organ" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000267
xref: FMA:60201
xref: MESH:D003051
xref: UBERON:0001844
relationship: part_of TS-2080 ! Osseous labyrinth
[Term]
id: TS-0152
name: Cochlear duct
def: "A spiral tube that is firmly suspended in the bony shell-shaped part of the cochlea. This endolymph-filled cochlear duct begins at the vestibule and makes 2.5 turns around a core of spongy bone (the modiolus) thus dividing the perilymph-filled spiral canal into two channels, the scala vestibuli and the scala tympani." [MeSH:Cochlear_Duct]
synonym: "Cochlear canal" RELATED []
synonym: "Cochlear scala media" RELATED []
synonym: "Membranous cochlea" RELATED []
synonym: "Scala media" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001692
xref: FMA:79789
xref: MESH:D003053
xref: UBERON:0001855
relationship: part_of TS-0151 ! Cochlea
[Term]
id: TS-0158
name: Colon
def: "The segment of large intestine between the cecum and the rectum. It includes the ascending colon; the transverse colon; the descending colon; and the sigmoid colon." [MeSH:Colon]
xref: BTO:0000269
xref: FMA:14543
xref: MESH:D003106
xref: UBERON:0001155
xref: URL:http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/colon
relationship: part_of TS-1306 ! Large intestine
[Term]
id: TS-0162
name: Colon endothelium
def: "Endothelium found in colon blood vessels." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Colonic endothelium" RELATED []
xref: UBERON:0013695
is_a: TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium
relationship: part_of TS-0158 ! Colon
[Term]
id: TS-0163
name: Colon epithelium
def: "Simple columnar epithelium lining the colon." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Colon epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Colonic epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Colonic epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Colorectal epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Colorectal epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Epithelium of colon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001709
xref: FMA:17302
xref: UBERON:0000397
is_a: TS-2105 ! Large intestine epithelium
relationship: part_of TS-0164 ! Colon mucosa
[Term]
id: TS-0164
name: Colon mucosa
def: "Part of the large intestine mucosa lining the colon." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Colonic mucosa" RELATED []
synonym: "Mucosa of colon" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000271
xref: FMA:14984
xref: UBERON:0000317
is_a: TS-2106 ! Large intestine mucosa
relationship: part_of TS-0158 ! Colon
[Term]
id: TS-0165
name: Colon smooth muscle
def: "Smooth muscle of colon." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Colonic smooth muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "Colorectal smooth muscle" RELATED []
is_a: TS-0943 ! Smooth muscle
relationship: part_of TS-0158 ! Colon
[Term]
id: TS-0167
name: Colostrum
def: "The thin, yellow, serous fluid secreted by the mammary glands during pregnancy and immediately postpartum before lactation begins. It consists of immunologically active substances, white blood cells, water, protein, fat, and carbohydrates." [MeSH:Colostrum]
synonym: "First milk" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000276
xref: FMA:62101
xref: MESH:D003126
xref: UBERON:0001914
is_a: TS-0636 ! Milk
[Term]
id: TS-0171
name: Cornea
def: "The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous corneal epithelium; bowman membrane; corneal stroma; descemet membrane; and mesenchymal corneal endothelium. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the sclera, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses." [MeSH:Cornea]
xref: BTO:0000286
xref: FMA:58238
xref: MESH:D003315
xref: UBERON:0000964
relationship: part_of TS-0309 ! Eye
[Term]
id: TS-0172
name: Corneal endothelium
def: "Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea." [MeSH:Corneal_Endothelium]
synonym: "Cornea endothelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cornea endothelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Corneal endothelial cell" RELATED []
xref: FMA:63882
xref: FMA:70614
xref: MESH:D004728
xref: UBERON:0001985
is_a: TS-0278 ! Endothelium
relationship: part_of TS-0171 ! Cornea
[Term]
id: TS-0173
name: Corneal epithelium
def: "Stratified squamous epithelium that covers the outer surface of the cornea. It is smooth and contains many free nerve endings." [MeSH:Corneal_Epithelium]
synonym: "Cornea epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cornea epithelium" RELATED []
synonym: "Corneal epithelial cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Epithelium of cornea" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000287
xref: FMA:58263
xref: FMA:70551
xref: MESH:D019573
xref: UBERON:0001772
is_a: TS-0288 ! Epithelium
relationship: part_of TS-0171 ! Cornea
[Term]
id: TS-0175
name: Coronary arterial endothelium
def: "Endothelium lining the coronary artery." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Coronary artery endothelium" RELATED []
is_a: TS-2155 ! Blood vessel vascular endothelium
relationship: part_of TS-0176 ! Coronary artery
[Term]
id: TS-0176
name: Coronary artery
def: "The veins and arteries of the heart." [MeSH:Coronary_Vessels]
xref: BTO:0000290
xref: FMA:49893
xref: MESH:D003331
xref: UBERON:0001621
is_a: TS-0054 ! Artery
[Term]
id: TS-0180
name: Corpus callosum
def: "Broad plate of dense myelinated fibers that reciprocally interconnect regions of the cortex in all lobes with corresponding regions of the opposite hemisphere. The corpus callosum is located deep in the longitudinal fissure." [MeSH:Corpus_Callosum]
xref: BTO:0000615
xref: FMA:86464
xref: MESH:D003337
xref: UBERON:0002336
relationship: part_of TS-1018 ! Telencephalon
[Term]
id: TS-0181
name: Corpus luteum
def: "The yellow body derived from the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation. The process of corpus luteum formation, luteinization, is regulated by luteinizing hormone." [MeSH:Corpus_Luteum]
synonym: "Corpora lutea" RELATED []
synonym: "Corpus luteum of ovary" RELATED []
synonym: "Yellow body of ovary" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000292
xref: FMA:18619
xref: MESH:D003338
xref: UBERON:0002512
relationship: part_of TS-0730 ! Ovary
[Term]
id: TS-0183
name: Corpus striatum
def: "Striped gray and white matter consisting of the neostriatum and paleostriatum (globus pallidus). It is located in front of and lateral to the thalamus in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the globus pallidus and putamen). The white matter is the internal capsule." [MeSH:Corpus_Striatum]
synonym: "Brain striatum" RELATED []
synonym: "Striatum" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001311
xref: MESH:D003342
xref: UBERON:0000369
relationship: part_of TS-1149 ! Basal ganglia
[Term]
id: TS-0190
name: Cytotoxic T-cell
def: "Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (mlc), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (gvh) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (cml). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from natural killer cells and natural killer T-cells. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2." [MeSH:Cytotoxic_T-Lymphocytes]
synonym: "Cytolytic T lymphocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Cytolytic T-cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Cytolytic T-lymphocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Cytotoxic T lymphocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "Killer T cell" RELATED []
synonym: "Killer T lymphocyte" RELATED []
synonym: "T-cytotoxic cell" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000289
xref: CL:0000910
xref: FMA:70573
xref: MESH:D013602
is_a: TS-1001 ! T-cell
[Term]
id: TS-0193
name: Decidua placentalis
def: "The hormone-responsive glandular layer of endometrium that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the placenta, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis." [MeSH:Decidua]
synonym: "Placenta decidua cells" RELATED []
synonym: "Placenta decidual cells" RELATED []
xref: MESH:D003656
xref: UBERON:0002450
relationship: part_of TS-0799 ! Placenta
[Term]
id: TS-0194
name: Dendritic cell
def: "Specialized cells of the hematopoietic system that have branch-like extensions. They are found throughout the lymphatic system, and in non-lymphoid tissues such as skin and the epithelia of the intestinal, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. They trap and process antigens, and present them to T-cells, thereby stimulating cell-mediated immunity. They are different from the non-hematopoietic follicular dendritic cells, which have a similar morphology and immune system function, but with respect to humoral immunity (antibody production)." [MeSH:Dendritic_Cells]
xref: BTO:0002042
xref: CL:0000451
xref: FMA:83036
xref: MESH:D003713
is_a: TS-2017 ! Hematopoietic cell
[Term]
id: TS-0195
name: Dental pulp
def: "A richly vascularized and innervated connective tissue of mesodermal origin, contained in the central cavity of a tooth and delimited by the dentin, and having formative, nutritive, sensory, and protective functions." [MeSH:Dental_Pulp]
synonym: "Pulp of tooth" RELATED []
synonym: "Pulpa dentis" RELATED []
synonym: "Tooth pulp" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000339
xref: FMA:55631
xref: MESH:D003782
xref: UBERON:0001754
is_a: TS-2009 ! Connective tissue
relationship: part_of TS-1055 ! Tooth
[Term]
id: TS-0198
name: Diaphragm
def: "The musculofibrous partition that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of the diaphragm increases the volume of the thoracic cavity aiding inhalation." [MeSH:Diaphragm]
synonym: "Diaphragm muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "Diaphragmatic muscle" RELATED []
synonym: "Respiratory diaphragm" RELATED []
synonym: "Thoracic diaphragm" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000341
xref: FMA:13295
xref: MESH:D003964
xref: UBERON:0001103
is_a: TS-0933 ! Skeletal muscle
[Term]
id: TS-0199
name: Diencephalon
def: "The paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the thalamus; hypothalamus; epithalamus; and subthalamus are derived." [MeSH:Diencephalon]
synonym: "Between brain" RELATED []
synonym: "Interbrain" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0000342
xref: FMA:62001
xref: MESH:D004027
xref: UBERON:0001894
relationship: part_of TS-0380 ! Forebrain
[Term]
id: TS-0202
name: Distal colon
def: "Includes the descending colon and sigmoid colon." [neXtProt:PDR]
xref: BTO:0000646
xref: UBERON:0008971
relationship: part_of TS-0158 ! Colon
[Term]
id: TS-0203
name: Distal colon epithelium
def: "Epithelium lining the distal colon." [neXtProt:PDR]
synonym: "Epithelium of distal colon" RELATED []
is_a: TS-0163 ! Colon epithelium
relationship: part_of TS-1160 ! Distal colon mucosa
[Term]
id: TS-0211
name: Ductus ejaculatorius
def: "Paired structures in male anatomy. Each ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the vas deferens with the duct of the seminal vesicle. They pass through the prostate, and empty into the urethra at the Colliculus seminalis. During ejaculation, semen passes through the ducts and exits the body via the penis." [Wikipedia:Ductus_ejaculatorius]
synonym: "Ejaculatory duct" RELATED []
xref: BTO:0001580
xref: FMA:19325
xref: MESH:D004543
xref: UBERON:0000999
relationship: part_of TS-1310 ! Male reproductive system
[Term]
id: TS-0213