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Member",id:"becoming-a-polkadot-technical-fellowship-member",level:3},{value:"Resources",id:"resources",level:2}],b={toc:w},y="wrapper";function N(e){var t=e.components,i=(0,o.Z)(e,u);return(0,r.kt)(y,(0,a.Z)({},b,i,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"The content in this document is subject to change",type:"caution"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The governance protocol has already undergone iterations (see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance"},"Governance V1"),"). Governance is a constantly evolving protocol at this stage\nin its lifecycle."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For technical information about Polkadot OpenGov and how to interact with it, please refer to this\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov"},"dedicated Wiki page"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For additional support about Polkadot OpenGov see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://support.polkadot.network/support/solutions/65000105211"},"dedicated support pages"),".")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See the video tutorial below to easily delegate your votes to somebody else using the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://delegation.polkadot.network/"},"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard"),"."),(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"row"},(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"col text--center"},(0,r.kt)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},(0,r.kt)("img",{src:"https://img.youtube.com/vi/RapBYZc5ZPo/0.jpg",width:"350",style:{borderRadius:10,border:"1px solid slategrey"}})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},"Delegation Dashboard Tutorial")))),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"If you become a nomination pool member or a pool admin, you cannot participate in Governance with\nthe bonded tokens in the pool, as they are held in a\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"/docs/learn-account-advanced#system-accounts"},"system account"),"."))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot uses a sophisticated governance\nmechanism that allows it to evolve gracefully overtime at the ultimate behest of its assembled\nstakeholders. The stated goal is to ensure that the majority of the stake can always command the\nnetwork."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot brings together various novel\nmechanisms, including an amorphous (abstract) form of state-transition function stored on-chain\ndefined in a platform-agnostic language (i.e. ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-wasm"},"WebAssembly"),"), and several on-chain\nvoting mechanisms such as referenda and batch approval voting. All changes to the protocol must be\nagreed upon by stake-weighted referenda."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"premise"},"Premise"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot's first governance system\n(",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance"},"Governance V1"),") included three main components."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee"),": A technocratic committee to\nmanage upgrade timelines."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council"},"Council"),': An approval-voted, elected executive "government" to\nmanage parameters, admin, and spending proposals.'),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Public: All token holders.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Over the first few years of operation, Governance V1 ensured the appropriate usage of treasury funds\nand enabled timely upgrades and fixes. Like most early technologies, protocols must evolve as they\nmature to improve their shortcomings and keep up with modern advancements. In Governance V1, all\nreferenda carried the same weight as only one referendum could be voted on at a time (except for\nemergency proposals), and the voting period could last multiple weeks. Also, an\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#alternating-voting-timetable"},"alternating voting timetable")," allowed to vote\neither for a public referendum or a council motion every\n28 days. This resulted in the system favoring\ncareful consideration of very few proposals instead of broad consideration of many."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot OpenGov changes how the practical means of day-to-day decisions are made, making the\nrepercussions of referenda better scoped and agile to increase the number of collective decisions\nthe system can make at any given time."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The following content is focused on what the new Polkadot OpenGov version brings to the governance\non Polkadot, and on the main differences with\nprevious governance versions. We recommend learning about ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance"},"Governance v1")," to\nbetter understand the need for and the direction of Polkadot OpenGov."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Governance v1, active token holders (public) and the Council together administrated network's\nupgrade decisions. Whether the public or the council initiated the proposal, it would eventually\nhave to go through a referendum to let all holders (weighted by stake and conviction) make the\ndecision."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Council fulfilled its role as the representative of the public, guardian of the treasury and\ninitiator of legislation, but it was often seen as a centralized entity. To further decentralize\nPolkadot, Polkadot OpenGov proposes the\nfollowing main changes:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Migrating all responsibilities of the Council to the public via a direct democracy voting system."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Dissolving the current ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council"},"Council")," collective"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Allowing users to delegate voting power in more ways to community members"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Dissolving the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee")," and establishing\nthe broader ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Polkadot Technical Fellowship"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure below shows an overview of Polkadot OpenGov's structure."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#summary"},"this page")," for a comparison with the structure of Governance V1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-overview",src:n(40176).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, all the proposals are initiated by the public. The proposal will enter a\nLead-in period (for more information, see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#referenda-timeline"},"Referenda Timeline"),"), after which it\nwill follow a specific ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#origins-and-tracks"},"Track")," which has a dedicated Origin. There are\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"15 Origins"),", each with a different\ntrack. The origins and tracks parameters are preset values that set the duration of a referendum as\nwell as how many referenda can be voted on simultaneously. For example, a treasury proposal can now\nbe submitted in different tracks depending on the amount requested. A proposal for a small tip will\nneed to be submitted in the Small Tipper track, while a proposal requiring substantial funds will\nneed to be submitted to the Medium or Big Spender track."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Polkadot Technical Fellowship")," can decide to\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#whitelisting"},"whitelist")," a proposal that will be enacted through the Whitelist Caller origin.\nThose proposals will have a shorter Lead-in, Confirmation, and Enactment period when compared to the\nRoot Origin track."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each track has its own preset ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#approval-and-support"},"Approval and Support")," curves which are based\non the origin's privileges. When both the approval and support criteria are satisfied for a specific\nperiod (called the confirmation period), the referenda passes and will be executed after the\nenactment period."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"All referenda within each track and across tracks can be voted on simultaneously (assuming track\nmaximum capacity is not reached)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot OpenGov also comes with multi-role delegations where the token holder can assign voting\npower on different tracks to different entities who are experts in judging the referenda submitted\nto those tracks. For example, suppose a token holder does not have the technical background to\nconsider the merits and vote on the referenda submitted to the Root track. In that case, they can\ndelegate their voting power just for the Root track to a trusted expert who (according to them) acts\nin the best interest of the network protocol. In this way, token holders do not need to be\nup-to-date with governance matters and can still make their votes count through delegates."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Delegation Dashboard",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To easily delegate your votes you can use the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://delegation.polkadot.network/"},"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard"),". See\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},"this video tutorial")," to know more about the dashboard\nand learn how to use it.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"gov1-vs-polkadot-opengov"},"Gov1 vs. Polkadot OpenGov"),(0,r.kt)("table",null,(0,r.kt)("thead",{parentName:"table"},(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"thead"},(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Governance V1"),(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Polkadot OpenGov"),(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Polkadot OpenGov Benefit"))),(0,r.kt)("tbody",{parentName:"table"},(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Includes the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council"},"Council"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee"),", and the Public (i.e. token holders)."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Includes the Public and the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Technical Fellowship"),"."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Simpler and more decentralized structure.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda executed only from one origin (Root). Referenda in this origin must be carefully scrutinized. Therefore, there is only one track (i.e. only one referendum at a time can be executed)."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda executed from ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"multiple origins"),", each with a different track that shapes proposals\u2019 timelines. Depending on the origin, multiple referenda within the same track are possible."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Possibility to categorize proposals (based on importance and urgency) and execute them simultaneously within and between origin tracks.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Proposals can be submitted by either the Council or the Public."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"The public submits proposals."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More democratic.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Uses ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#adaptive-quorum-biasing"},"Adaptive Quorum Biasing")," to define the approval threshold based on turnout. Given the same turnout, council-initiated referenda require fewer Aye votes to pass compared to public referenda."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Uses origin-specific approval and support curves defining the amount of approval and support (i.e. turnout) needed as a function of time. The same curves are applied to all referenda within the same origin track."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda timeline depends on the origin and not on who submitted the proposal (i.e. Council or Public). This is a more democratic and equalitarian system.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Uses ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#alternating-voting-timetable"},"alternating voting timetable")," allowing voters to cast votes for either council or public referenda every 28 eras."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Multiple referenda can be voted at the same time."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More flexible and agile governance system.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Except for emergency proposals, all referenda have fixed voting and enactment periods of 28 eras."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Periods' length is customizable and has pre-defined limits for each origin. The same limits apply to all tracks with the same origin. For example, the track in the origin Root will be longer than the track within the Small Tipper origin."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda\u2019s timeline is tailored to their importance and urgency. Flexible enactment period based on origin.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Emergency proposals turned referenda can be simultaneously voted on and executed with other referenda and have shorter enactment periods. They must be proposed by the Technical Committee and approved by the Council."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"No emergency proposals. The Technical Fellowship can whitelist proposals that will have their origin with shorter lead-in, confirmation, and enactment periods."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"The Technical Fellowship is a more decentralized entity when compared to the Technical Committee. Whitelisting a proposal requires a majority of approval from the fellowship.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Only the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#endorsing-proposals"},"most-endorsed proposal")," is able to transit from Launch to Voting period. The time for the transition is indeterminate, and (with no possibility of canceling endorsements) proposers and endorsers might wait a long time before a referendum is tabled, and getting their deposits back."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"All proposals will eventually be voted on (given track capacity and deposit are met and the Lead-in period has ended)."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"It allows all proposals to get a chance to be voted on in a timely predictive manner.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Only ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"td"},"aye")," or ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"td"},"nay")," votes possible."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Voters can have the additional voting options of abstaining or splitting votes."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More ways to engage in voting and increase turnout.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Voters can decide to delegate votes to another account."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Voters can use ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"#multirole-delegation"},"multirole delegations")," and delegate votes to different accounts depending on origins."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More agile delegations tailored by expertise.")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"proposals"},"Proposals"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Starting a proposal in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#proposals"},"this page")," for more information about starting referenda in\nGovernance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, anyone can start a referendum at any time and do so as often as they wish.\nPrevious features were expanded and improved, most notably\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#origins-and-tracks"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"a"},"Origins and Tracks"))," help aid in the flow and processing of the submitted\nreferenda."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"cancelling-and-blacklisting"},"Cancelling and Blacklisting"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Cancelling Referenda in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#cancelling-proposals"},"this page")," for more information about cancelling\nreferenda in Governance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, there is a special operation called ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Cancellation")," for intervening with a\nproposal already being voted on. The operation will immediately reject an ongoing referendum\nregardless of its status. There is also a provision to ensure the deposit of the proposer is slashed\nif the proposal is malicious or spam."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cancellation is a governance operation the network must vote on to be executed. Cancellation comes\nwith ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#referendum-canceller"},"its own Origin and Track")," which has\na low lead-time and Approval/Support curves with slightly sharper reductions in their thresholds for\npassing, given that it is invoked with a sense of urgency."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For more information about how to cancel a referendum see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#cancel-or-kill-a-referendum"},"advanced how-to guides"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Blacklisting",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Blacklisting referenda in Polkadot OpenGov is\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#blacklisting-proposals"},"the same as in Governance v1"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"referenda"},"Referenda"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Public and Council Referenda in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"With the Council's dissolution, ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council-referenda"},"council referenda")," are no\nlonger present in Polkadot OpenGov."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#public-referenda"},"this page")," for more information about public referenda\nin Governance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"In Polkadot OpenGov all referenda are public.")," The\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Technical Fellowship")," has the option to ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#whitelisting"},"whitelist"),"\nreferenda that can be then proposed in the track with\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#whitelisted-caller"},"whitelist origin"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"referenda-timeline"},"Referenda Timeline"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Voting timetable in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#referenda-timeline"},"this page")," for more information about the voting\ntimetable in Governance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-timeline",src:n(1671).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure above provides a summary view of the referenda timeline for Polkadot OpenGov."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In (1), when a referendum is initially created, the community can immediately vote on it. However,\nit is not immediately in a state where it can end or otherwise have its votes counted, be approved,\nand ultimately enacted. Instead, the proposal will stay within a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Lead-in Period")," until it\nfulfills three criteria:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'Proposals must stay within the lead-in period for a pre-defined minimum amount of time. This helps\nmitigate against the possibility of "decision sniping" where an attacker controlling a substantial\namount of voting power might seek to have a proposal passed immediately after proposing, not\nallowing the overall voting population adequate time to consider and participate.'),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"There must be enough room for the decision within the origin. Different origins have their limit\non the number of proposals that can be decided simultaneously. Tracks that have more potent\nabilities will have lower limits. For example, the Root level Origin has a limit of one, implying\nthat only a single proposal may be decided on at once."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A decision deposit must be submitted. Creating a referendum is cheap as the deposit value consists\nof only the value required for the on-chain storage needed to track it. But, having a referendum\nreviewed and decided upon carries the risk of using up the limited spots available in the\nreferenda queue. Having a more significant but refundable deposit requirement makes sense to help\nmitigate spam. Failing to submit the decision deposit will lead to a referendum ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"timeout"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Until they are in the lead-in period, proposals remain undecided. Once the criteria above are met,\nthe referendum moves to the ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"deciding")," state. The votes of the referendum are now counted towards\nthe outcome."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In (2), the proposal enters the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Decision Period")," where votes can be cast. For a proposal to be\napproved, votes must satisfy the approval and support criteria for at least the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Confirmation\nPeriod"),"; otherwise, the proposal is automatically rejected. A rejected proposal can be resubmitted\nanytime and as many times as needed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In (3), approved proposals will enter the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Enactment Period"),", after which proposed changes will be\nexecuted."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note how the length of the lead-in, decision, confirmation, and enactment periods vary depending on\nthe origin. Root origin has more extended periods than the other origins. Also, the number of\nreferenda within each track differs, with the Root origin track only accepting one. proposal at a\ntime (see below)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-track-capacity",src:n(67506).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This directly affects the number of proposals that can be voted on and executed simultaneously.\nContinuing the comparison between Root and Small Tipper, Small Tipper will allow many proposals on\nits track to be executed simultaneously. In contrast, Root will allow only one proposal in its\ntrack. Once the track capacity is filled, additional proposals in the lead-in period will queue\nuntil place is available to enter the decision period."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"origins-and-tracks"},"Origins and Tracks"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Origin")," is a specific level of privilege that will determine the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Track")," of all referenda\nexecuted with that origin. The track is basically a pipeline in which the proposal lives and\nproceeds and is independent from other origins' tracks. The proposer of the referenda now selects an\nappropriate Origin for their request based on the proposal\u2019s requirements."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Although the track structure is the same for all origins, track parameters are not. Such parameters\ninclude:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Maximum Deciding or Capacity"),": the limit for the number of referenda that can be decided at\nonce (i.e. the number of tracks within each origin)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Decision deposit"),": the amount of funds that must be placed on deposit to enter the Decision\nPeriod (note that more requirements must be met to enter the Decision Period)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Preparation Period"),": the minimum amount of voting time needed before entering the Decision\nPeriod (given capacity and deposit are met)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Decision Period"),": the maximum time to approve a proposal. The proposal will be accepted if\napproved by the end of the period."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Confirmation Period"),": the minimum amount of time (within the Decision Period) the approval and\nsupport criteria must hold before the proposal is approved and moved to the enactment period."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Minimum Enactment Period"),": the minimum amount of waiting time before the proposed changes are\napplied"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Approval Curve"),": the curve describing the minimum % of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," votes as a function of time within\nthe Decision Period. The approval % is the portion of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," votes (adjusted for conviction) over\nthe total votes (",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye"),", ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"nay"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstained"),")."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Support Curve"),": the curve describing the minimum % of all votes in support of a proposal as a\nfunction of time within the Decision Period. The support % is defined as the portion of all votes\n(",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstained"),") without conviction over the total possible amount of votes in the system\n(i.e. the total active issuance).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, a runtime upgrade (requiring a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_code")," call, if approved) does not have the same\nimplications for the ecosystem as the approval of a treasury tip (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"reportAwesome")," call), and\ntherefore different Origins for these two actions are needed in which different deposits, support,\napproval, and a minimum ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#enactment"},"enactment")," periods will be predetermined on the pallet."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For detailed information about origin and tracks, and parameter values in Kusama, see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"this page"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"approval-and-support"},"Approval and Support"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Adaptive Quorum Biasing is deprecated",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In Polkadot OpenGov, ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#adaptive-quorum-biasing"},"Adaptive quorum biasing")," used\nin Governance V1 has been replaced with the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Approval and Support system"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-curves-pass",src:n(65993).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure above provides a summary view of how the approval and support system works during the\nDecision Period."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once the proposal exits the Lead-in Period and enters the Voting Period, to be approved, it must\nsatisfy the approval and support criteria for the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Confirmation Period"),"."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Approval")," is defined as the share of approval (",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," votes) vote-weight (after adjustment for\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"#voluntary-locking"},"conviction"),") against the total vote-weight (",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye"),", ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"nay"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstained"),")."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Support")," is the total number of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstain")," votes (ignoring any adjustment for\nconviction) compared to the total possible votes (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-DOT#token-issuance"},"active issuance"),")\nthat could be made in the system. In case of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"split")," votes, only ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstain")," will count.")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Nay votes are not counted towards Support",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Support is a measure of voters who turned out either in favor of the referenda and who consciously\nabstained from it. Support does not include ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," votes. This avoids edge situations where ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay"),"\nvotes could push a referendum into confirming state. For example, imagine current approval is high\n(near 100%, way above the approval curve), and current support is just below the support curve. A\n",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," could bump support above the support curve but not reduce approval below the approval curve.\nTherefore someone voting against a proposal would make it pass. Hence, a decrease in % of current\napproval through new votes does not directly translate into increasing support because Support needs\nto consider ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," votes.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure above shows the followings:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Even if the approval threshold is reached (i.e. % of current approval is greater than the approval\ncurve), the proposal only enters the confirmation period once the support threshold is also\nreached (i.e. % current support is greater than the underlying support curve)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"If the referendum meets the criteria for the confirmation period, then the proposal is approved\nand scheduled for enactment. The Enactment Period can be specified when the referendum is proposed\nbut is also subject to a minimum value based on the Track. More powerful Tracks enforce a larger\nEnactment Period to ensure the network has ample time to prepare for any changes the proposal may\nbring."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A referendum may exit the confirmation period when the thresholds are no longer met, due to new\n",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Nay")," votes or a change of existing ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Aye")," or ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Abstain")," votes to ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Nay")," . Each time it exits, the\nconfirmation period resets. For example, if the confirmation period is 20 minutes and a referendum\nenters it just for 5 min, the next time it enters, it must stay for 20 minutes (not 15 minutes)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"During the decision period, if a referendum fails to meet the approval and support thresholds for\nthe duration of the track-specific confirmation period, it fails and does not go to the enactment\nperiod (it may have to be resubmitted, see below)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The current approval must be above 50% for a referendum to pass, and the approval curve never goes\nbelow 50%.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-curves-pass",src:n(55745).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note that support may not increase monotonically as shown in the figure, as people might switch\nvotes."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Different Origins' tracks have different Confirmation Periods and requirements for approval and\nsupport. For additional details on the various origins and tracks, check out\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"this table"),". Configuring the amount of\nsupport and overall approval required for it to pass is now possible. With proposals that use less\nprivileged origins, it is far more reasonable to drop the required support to a more realistic\namount earlier than those which use highly privileged classes such as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Root"),". Classes with more\nsignificance can be made to require higher approval early on, to avoid controversy."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"enactment"},"Enactment"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Enactment in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#enactment"},"this page")," for more information about enactment in Governance\nv1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, the proposer suggests the enactment period, but there are also minimums set for\neach Origin Track. For example, root Origin approvals require a more extended period because of the\nimportance of the changes they bring to the network."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"voting-on-a-referendum"},"Voting on a Referendum"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Governance V1, voters could cast only an ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"aye")," or ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," vote. In Polkadot OpenGov, voters can\nadditionally cast a ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"abstain")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"split")," votes.\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#voting-on-referenda"},"Vote splitting")," allows voters to allocate\ndifferent votes for ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"aye"),", ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"abstain"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Only the last vote counts",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Voting a second time replaces your original vote, e.g. voting with 10\nDOT, then a second extrinsic to vote with 5\nDOT, means that you are voting with 5\nDOT, not 10\nDOT.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note that to successfully cast votes you need to have the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-accounts#existential-deposit-and-reaping"},"existential deposit")," and some additional funds\nto pay for transaction fees."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"voluntary-locking"},"Voluntary Locking"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot utilizes an idea called voluntary\nlocking that allows token holders to increase their voting power by declaring how long they are\nwilling to lock up their tokens; hence, the number of votes for each token holder will be calculated\nby the following formula:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"votes = tokens * conviction_multiplier\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The conviction multiplier increases the vote multiplier by one every time the number of lock periods\ndouble."),(0,r.kt)(m,{mdxType:"VLTable"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'The maximum number of "doublings" of the lock period is set to 6 (and thus 32 lock periods in\ntotal), and one lock period equals\n',(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{network:"kusama",path:"consts.convictionVoting.voteLockingPeriod",defaultValue:100800,filter:"blocksToDays",mdxType:"RPC"}),"\n","\ndays. For additional information regarding the timeline of governance events, check out the\ngovernance section on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"maintain-polkadot-parameters/#governance"},"Polkadot Parameters page"),"","."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"do votes stack?",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can use the same number of tokens to vote on different referenda. Votes with conviction do not\nstack. If you voted with 5 DOT on Referenda A, B\nand C with 2x conviction you would have 10 votes on all those referenda and 5\nDOT locked up only for the 2x conviction period\n(i.e. two weeks), with the unlocking\ncountdown starting when the last referendum you voted on ends (assuming you are on the winning\nside). If you voted with conviction on referendum and then a week later voted on another one with\nthe same conviction, the lock on your DOT will be\nextended by a week (always assuming you are on the winning side).")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Staked tokens can be used in governance",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"While a token is locked, you can still use it for voting and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-staking"},"staking"),". You are\nonly prohibited from transferring these tokens to another account.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Votes are always "counted" at the same time (at the end of the voting period), no matter for how\nlong the tokens are locked.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"See below an example that shows how voluntary locking works."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Peter: Votes ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"No")," with\n10 DOT for a 32-week lock period\n=> 10 x 6 = 60 Votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Logan: Votes ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Yes")," with\n20 DOT for one week lock period =>\n20 x 1 = 20 Votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Kevin: Votes ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Yes")," with\n15 DOT for a 2-week lock period\n=> 15 x 2 = 30 Votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Even though combined both Logan and Kevin vote with more\nDOT than Peter, the lock period for both of them\nis less than Peter, leading to their voting power counting as less."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Conviction Voting Locks created during Gov 1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Conviction voting locks in Governance v1 will not be carried over to OpenGov. Voting with conviction\nin OpenGov will create a new lock (as this will use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"convictionVoting")," pallet), while any\nexisting lock under Governance v1 (using the deprecated ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"democracy")," pallet) will be left to expire.\nDelegations under Governance v1 will need to be re-issued under OpenGov.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"multirole-delegation"},"Multirole Delegation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot OpenGov builds on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#delegations"},"vote delegation feature from Governance v1")," where a voter can\ndelegate their voting power to another voter. It does so by introducing a feature known as\n",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"multirole delegation"),", where voters can specify a different delegate for every class of\nreferendum in the system. Delegation can be done per track, and accounts can choose to select\ndifferent delegates (or no delegation) for each track."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, a voter could delegate one entity for managing a less potent referenda class, choose a\ndifferent delegate for another class with more powerful consequences and still retain full voting\npower over any remaining classes."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Delegate your votes",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In Polkadot OpenGov you can delegate your votes to different entities, who will vote on your behalf.\nYou can delegate your votes using the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://delegation.polkadot.network/"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"a"},"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard")),". See\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},"this video tutorial")," to learn about the features of\nthe dashboard."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you are staking directly and not through a nomination pool, you can use bonded tokens for voting.\nNote that if you are voting with conviction, your tokens will have a democracy lock in addition to\nthe staking lock. For more information about locks, see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-accounts/#unlocking-locks"},"this page"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Democracy locks created through ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#voluntary-locking"},"conviction voting")," start the unlocking period\nafter a referendum ends, provided you voted with the winning side. In the case of delegations, the\nunlocking period countdown begins after the account undelegates. There can be different scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"if the account delegated votes to one delegate, then after undelegating, there will be one\nunlocking period with length dependent on the conviction multiplier."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"if the account delegated votes to different delegates using different convictions, then after\nundelegating those delegates, there will be different unlocking periods with lengths dependent on\nthe conviction multipliers."))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It is worth noting that a user delegating their voting power does not imply that the delegate will\nhave control over the funds of the delegating user's account. That delegate's account can vote with\na user's voting power but won't be able to transfer balances, nominate a different set of\nvalidators, or execute any call other than voting on the tracks defined by the user."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The goal of delegations is to ensure the required support for proposals to be enacted is reached\nwhile keeping the overall design censorship-free. Also, voters might not have the technical\nknowledge to judge some referenda or might not have the time to read all referenda. Delegations\nallow voters to participate in OpenGov hands-free by delegating their voting power to trusted\nentities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a step-by-step outline of how to delegate voting power in Polkadot OpenGov, check out the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#delegations"},"Delegating Voting Power")," section on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov"},"Polkadot OpenGov Guides"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"the-polkadot-technical-fellowship"},"The Polkadot Technical Fellowship"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"From Technical Committee to the Technical Fellowship",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The Polkadot Technical Fellowship is a collection of Substrate experts. This fellowship was\nestablished in 2022. In Polkadot OpenGov, this fellowship replaces the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee")," in Governance v1, and will serve\nboth the Polkadot and Kusama networks."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For more information about the Fellowship see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/manifesto/blob/0c3df46d76625980b8b48742cb86f4d8fa6dda8d/manifesto.pdf"},"Fellowship Manifesto"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Technical Fellowship is a mostly self-governing expert body with a primary goal of representing\nhumans who embody and contain the technical knowledge base of the Kusama and/or Polkadot networks\nand protocols. This is accomplished by associating a rank with members to categorize the degree to\nwhich the system expects their opinion to be well-informed, of a sound technical basis, and in line\nwith the interests of Polkadot and/or Kusama."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Unlike the Technical Committee in Governance V1, the Fellowship is designed to be far broader in\nmembership (i.e. to work well with even tens of thousands of members) and with far lower barriers to\nentry (both in terms of administrative process flow and expectations of expertise)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The mechanism by which the Fellowship votes is the same as what is used for Polkadot and Kusama\nstakeholder voting for a proposed referendum. Members of the Fellowship can vote on any given\nFellowship proposal and the aggregated opinion of the members (weighted by their rank) constitutes\nthe Fellowship's considered opinion."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Polkadot Technical Fellowship resides on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Fpolkadot-collectives-rpc.polkadot.io#/fellowship/referenda"},"Collectives"),"\nparachain and maintains the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows"},"Polkadot Fellows")," repository. The\nfellowship also has its own governance model with multiple tracks with approval and support\nparameters, where the votes are weighted by the rank of the member.",(0,r.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","The fellowship governance is primarily used for its membership management,\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs"},"approving RFCs")," and whitelisting Polkadot OpenGov\nproposals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"",""),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"ranking-system"},"Ranking System"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent a small group of participants from gaining effective control over the network, this\nsystem will adhere to three main principles:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Fellowship must never have hard power over the network: it cannot change the parameters,\nconduct rescues or move assets. Their only power in governance is reducing the effective timeline\non which a referendum takes place through ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"#whitelisting"},"whitelisting"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Fellowship weights those with a higher rank more in the aggregate opinion. However, the weight\nshould not be so high as to make a small number of higher members\u2019 opinions be insurmountable\ncompared to a coherent opinion from lower-ranked membership."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Fellowship should be designed to grow and develop its membership, aggregate levels of\nexpertise and ensure that its overall decision-making capacity strengthens over time.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To support these conditions, the Fellowship has a\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/manifesto"},"manifesto")," that outlines the requirements and\nexpectations for individuals to attain and retain any given rank. Higher ranks can vote and promote\nlower ranks based on this ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/manifesto"},"manifesto"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Demotion")," occurs automatically after a given period has elapsed, and the member is unable to\ndefend their position to their peers."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Suspension")," can happen only through a referendum, which ensures that the Fellowship's bias alone\ndoes not necessarily result in expulsion."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent the Fellowship from becoming a cabal (popularity with Fellowship peers alone should not\nbe enough to gain access to a top rank), gaining access to the top tiers of the ranks will require a\nreferendum."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"whitelisting"},"Whitelisting"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Polkadot OpenGov allows the Fellowship to authorize a new origin (known as "Whitelisted-Caller") to\nexecute with Root-level privileges for calls that have been approved by the Fellowship (currently\nonly level-three fellows and above can vote for whitelist calls).'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/pallet_whitelist/"},"Whitelist")," pallet allows one\nOrigin to escalate the privilege level of another Origin for a certain operation. The pallet\nverifies two things:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The origin of the escalation is the Whitelisted-Root (i.e. that the referendum passed on this\ntrack), and"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The whitelist contains the given proposal (in the configuration of Polkadot OpenGov, it gets there\nvia a separate Fellowship referendum).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If both conditions are true, the operation executes with Root-level privileges."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This system enables a new parallel Track (Whitelisted-Caller), whose parameters have less\nrestrictive passing parameters than Root in the short term. Through an open and transparent process,\na body of global experts on the Polkadot\nprotocol have determined that the action is both safe and time-critical."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Submitting Whitelisted Proposals",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For more information about how to submit a whitelisted proposal see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#submitting-a-referendum-on-the-whitelisted-caller-track"},"dedicated advanced how-to guides"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"becoming-a-polkadot-technical-fellowship-member"},"Becoming a Polkadot Technical Fellowship Member"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Currently, the only way to become a fellowship member is through a referenda. To get added as a\nmember of "Rank 1", an existing member of the fellowship needs to submit a referendum with the\npreimage of a batch call that has ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fellowshipCollective.addMember")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fellowshipCollective.promoteMember"),' on "2/Proficients" track. On Polkadot-JS UI for Polkadot\nCollectives, navigate to Governance > Fellowship > Referenda and click on "Add Preimage". This\npreimage can be submitted by anyone.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"fellowship-add-promote-member-preimage",src:n(68937).Z,width:"2156",height:"1746"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'After the preimage is successfully noted, navigate to Governance > Fellowship > Referenda and click\non "Submit Proposal" (This button is active on the UI only if you have an account that belongs to\nthe Fellowship). Choose the appropriate track and the origin, and enter the preimage hash of the\nbatch call that adds and promotes the member.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"fellowship-add-promote-member-proposal",src:n(16046).Z,width:"2150",height:"1492"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'After the referendum is successfully executed, the member is added to the fellowship with "rank 1".\nFor example, check the ',(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://collectives.subsquare.io/fellowship/referenda/23"},"Referenda 23")," on\nthe Collectives parachain. If a member has to be added and promoted to \u201crank 5\u201d, the proposal has to\nbe submitted through track \u201c6/Senior Experts\u201d (Always a track with a rank higher). For example,\ncheck the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://collectives.subsquare.io/fellowship/referenda/25"},"Referenda 25")," on the\nCollectives parachain."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Future plans include that public members can apply to become a Fellowship candidate by placing a\nsmall deposit (which will be returned once they become members). 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Member",id:"becoming-a-polkadot-technical-fellowship-member",level:3},{value:"Resources",id:"resources",level:2}],b={toc:w},y="wrapper";function N(e){var t=e.components,i=(0,o.Z)(e,u);return(0,r.kt)(y,(0,a.Z)({},b,i,{components:t,mdxType:"MDXLayout"}),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"The content in this document is subject to change",type:"caution"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The governance protocol has already undergone iterations (see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance"},"Governance V1"),"). Governance is a constantly evolving protocol at this stage\nin its lifecycle."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For technical information about Polkadot OpenGov and how to interact with it, please refer to this\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov"},"dedicated Wiki page"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For additional support about Polkadot OpenGov see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://support.polkadot.network/support/solutions/65000105211"},"dedicated support pages"),".")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See the video tutorial below to easily delegate your votes to somebody else using the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://delegation.polkadot.network/"},"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard"),"."),(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"row"},(0,r.kt)("div",{className:"col text--center"},(0,r.kt)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},(0,r.kt)("img",{src:"https://img.youtube.com/vi/RapBYZc5ZPo/0.jpg",width:"350",style:{borderRadius:10,border:"1px solid slategrey"}})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("a",{href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},"Delegation Dashboard Tutorial")))),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"If you become a nomination pool member or a pool admin, you cannot participate in Governance with\nthe bonded tokens in the pool, as they are held in a\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"strong",href:"/docs/learn-account-advanced#system-accounts"},"system account"),"."))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot uses a sophisticated governance\nmechanism that allows it to evolve gracefully overtime at the ultimate behest of its assembled\nstakeholders. The stated goal is to ensure that the majority of the stake can always command the\nnetwork."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot brings together various novel\nmechanisms, including an amorphous (abstract) form of state-transition function stored on-chain\ndefined in a platform-agnostic language (i.e. ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-wasm"},"WebAssembly"),"), and several on-chain\nvoting mechanisms such as referenda and batch approval voting. All changes to the protocol must be\nagreed upon by stake-weighted referenda."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"premise"},"Premise"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot's first governance system\n(",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance"},"Governance V1"),") included three main components."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee"),": A technocratic committee to\nmanage upgrade timelines."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council"},"Council"),': An approval-voted, elected executive "government" to\nmanage parameters, admin, and spending proposals.'),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Public: All token holders.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Over the first few years of operation, Governance V1 ensured the appropriate usage of treasury funds\nand enabled timely upgrades and fixes. Like most early technologies, protocols must evolve as they\nmature to improve their shortcomings and keep up with modern advancements. In Governance V1, all\nreferenda carried the same weight as only one referendum could be voted on at a time (except for\nemergency proposals), and the voting period could last multiple weeks. Also, an\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#alternating-voting-timetable"},"alternating voting timetable")," allowed to vote\neither for a public referendum or a council motion every\n28 days. This resulted in the system favoring\ncareful consideration of very few proposals instead of broad consideration of many."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot OpenGov changes how the practical means of day-to-day decisions are made, making the\nrepercussions of referenda better scoped and agile to increase the number of collective decisions\nthe system can make at any given time."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The following content is focused on what the new Polkadot OpenGov version brings to the governance\non Polkadot, and on the main differences with\nprevious governance versions. We recommend learning about ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance"},"Governance v1")," to\nbetter understand the need for and the direction of Polkadot OpenGov."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"summary"},"Summary"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Governance v1, active token holders (public) and the Council together administrated network's\nupgrade decisions. Whether the public or the council initiated the proposal, it would eventually\nhave to go through a referendum to let all holders (weighted by stake and conviction) make the\ndecision."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Council fulfilled its role as the representative of the public, guardian of the treasury and\ninitiator of legislation, but it was often seen as a centralized entity. To further decentralize\nPolkadot, Polkadot OpenGov proposes the\nfollowing main changes:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Migrating all responsibilities of the Council to the public via a direct democracy voting system."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Dissolving the current ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council"},"Council")," collective"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Allowing users to delegate voting power in more ways to community members"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Dissolving the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee")," and establishing\nthe broader ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Polkadot Technical Fellowship"))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure below shows an overview of Polkadot OpenGov's structure."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#summary"},"this page")," for a comparison with the structure of Governance V1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-overview",src:n(40176).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, all the proposals are initiated by the public. The proposal will enter a\nLead-in period (for more information, see ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#referenda-timeline"},"Referenda Timeline"),"), after which it\nwill follow a specific ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#origins-and-tracks"},"Track")," which has a dedicated Origin. There are\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"15 Origins"),", each with a different\ntrack. The origins and tracks parameters are preset values that set the duration of a referendum as\nwell as how many referenda can be voted on simultaneously. For example, a treasury proposal can now\nbe submitted in different tracks depending on the amount requested. A proposal for a small tip will\nneed to be submitted in the Small Tipper track, while a proposal requiring substantial funds will\nneed to be submitted to the Medium or Big Spender track."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Polkadot Technical Fellowship")," can decide to\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#whitelisting"},"whitelist")," a proposal that will be enacted through the Whitelist Caller origin.\nThose proposals will have a shorter Lead-in, Confirmation, and Enactment period when compared to the\nRoot Origin track."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Each track has its own preset ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#approval-and-support"},"Approval and Support")," curves which are based\non the origin's privileges. When both the approval and support criteria are satisfied for a specific\nperiod (called the confirmation period), the referenda passes and will be executed after the\nenactment period."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"All referenda within each track and across tracks can be voted on simultaneously (assuming track\nmaximum capacity is not reached)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot OpenGov also comes with multi-role delegations where the token holder can assign voting\npower on different tracks to different entities who are experts in judging the referenda submitted\nto those tracks. For example, suppose a token holder does not have the technical background to\nconsider the merits and vote on the referenda submitted to the Root track. In that case, they can\ndelegate their voting power just for the Root track to a trusted expert who (according to them) acts\nin the best interest of the network protocol. In this way, token holders do not need to be\nup-to-date with governance matters and can still make their votes count through delegates."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Delegation Dashboard",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"To easily delegate your votes you can use the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://delegation.polkadot.network/"},"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard"),". See\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},"this video tutorial")," to know more about the dashboard\nand learn how to use it.")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"gov1-vs-polkadot-opengov"},"Gov1 vs. Polkadot OpenGov"),(0,r.kt)("table",null,(0,r.kt)("thead",{parentName:"table"},(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"thead"},(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Governance V1"),(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Polkadot OpenGov"),(0,r.kt)("th",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Polkadot OpenGov Benefit"))),(0,r.kt)("tbody",{parentName:"table"},(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Includes the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council"},"Council"),", the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee"),", and the Public (i.e. token holders)."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Includes the Public and the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Technical Fellowship"),"."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Simpler and more decentralized structure.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda executed only from one origin (Root). Referenda in this origin must be carefully scrutinized. Therefore, there is only one track (i.e. only one referendum at a time can be executed)."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda executed from ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"multiple origins"),", each with a different track that shapes proposals\u2019 timelines. Depending on the origin, multiple referenda within the same track are possible."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Possibility to categorize proposals (based on importance and urgency) and execute them simultaneously within and between origin tracks.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Proposals can be submitted by either the Council or the Public."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"The public submits proposals."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More democratic.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Uses ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#adaptive-quorum-biasing"},"Adaptive Quorum Biasing")," to define the approval threshold based on turnout. Given the same turnout, council-initiated referenda require fewer Aye votes to pass compared to public referenda."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Uses origin-specific approval and support curves defining the amount of approval and support (i.e. turnout) needed as a function of time. The same curves are applied to all referenda within the same origin track."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda timeline depends on the origin and not on who submitted the proposal (i.e. Council or Public). This is a more democratic and equalitarian system.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Uses ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#alternating-voting-timetable"},"alternating voting timetable")," allowing voters to cast votes for either council or public referenda every 28 eras."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Multiple referenda can be voted at the same time."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More flexible and agile governance system.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Except for emergency proposals, all referenda have fixed voting and enactment periods of 28 eras."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Periods' length is customizable and has pre-defined limits for each origin. The same limits apply to all tracks with the same origin. For example, the track in the origin Root will be longer than the track within the Small Tipper origin."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Referenda\u2019s timeline is tailored to their importance and urgency. Flexible enactment period based on origin.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Emergency proposals turned referenda can be simultaneously voted on and executed with other referenda and have shorter enactment periods. They must be proposed by the Technical Committee and approved by the Council."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"No emergency proposals. The Technical Fellowship can whitelist proposals that will have their origin with shorter lead-in, confirmation, and enactment periods."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"The Technical Fellowship is a more decentralized entity when compared to the Technical Committee. Whitelisting a proposal requires a majority of approval from the fellowship.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Only the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"/docs/learn-governance#endorsing-proposals"},"most-endorsed proposal")," is able to transit from Launch to Voting period. The time for the transition is indeterminate, and (with no possibility of canceling endorsements) proposers and endorsers might wait a long time before a referendum is tabled, and getting their deposits back."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"All proposals will eventually be voted on (given track capacity and deposit are met and the Lead-in period has ended)."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"It allows all proposals to get a chance to be voted on in a timely predictive manner.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Only ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"td"},"aye")," or ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"td"},"nay")," votes possible."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Voters can have the additional voting options of abstaining or splitting votes."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More ways to engage in voting and increase turnout.")),(0,r.kt)("tr",{parentName:"tbody"},(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Voters can decide to delegate votes to another account."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"Voters can use ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"td",href:"#multirole-delegation"},"multirole delegations")," and delegate votes to different accounts depending on origins."),(0,r.kt)("td",{parentName:"tr",align:null},"More agile delegations tailored by expertise.")))),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"proposals"},"Proposals"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Starting a proposal in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#proposals"},"this page")," for more information about starting referenda in\nGovernance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, anyone can start a referendum at any time and do so as often as they wish.\nPrevious features were expanded and improved, most notably\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#origins-and-tracks"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"a"},"Origins and Tracks"))," help aid in the flow and processing of the submitted\nreferenda."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"cancelling-and-blacklisting"},"Cancelling and Blacklisting"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Cancelling Referenda in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#cancelling-proposals"},"this page")," for more information about cancelling\nreferenda in Governance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, there is a special operation called ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Cancellation")," for intervening with a\nproposal already being voted on. The operation will immediately reject an ongoing referendum\nregardless of its status. There is also a provision to ensure the deposit of the proposer is slashed\nif the proposal is malicious or spam."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Cancellation is a governance operation the network must vote on to be executed. Cancellation comes\nwith ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#referendum-canceller"},"its own Origin and Track")," which has\na low lead-time and Approval/Support curves with slightly sharper reductions in their thresholds for\npassing, given that it is invoked with a sense of urgency."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For more information about how to cancel a referendum see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"./learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#cancel-or-kill-a-referendum"},"advanced how-to guides"),"."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Blacklisting",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Blacklisting referenda in Polkadot OpenGov is\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#blacklisting-proposals"},"the same as in Governance v1"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"referenda"},"Referenda"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Public and Council Referenda in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"With the Council's dissolution, ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#council-referenda"},"council referenda")," are no\nlonger present in Polkadot OpenGov."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#public-referenda"},"this page")," for more information about public referenda\nin Governance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"In Polkadot OpenGov all referenda are public.")," The\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#the-technical-fellowship"},"Technical Fellowship")," has the option to ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#whitelisting"},"whitelist"),"\nreferenda that can be then proposed in the track with\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#whitelisted-caller"},"whitelist origin"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"referenda-timeline"},"Referenda Timeline"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Voting timetable in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#referenda-timeline"},"this page")," for more information about the voting\ntimetable in Governance v1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-timeline",src:n(1671).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure above provides a summary view of the referenda timeline for Polkadot OpenGov."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In (1), when a referendum is initially created, the community can immediately vote on it. However,\nit is not immediately in a state where it can end or otherwise have its votes counted, be approved,\nand ultimately enacted. Instead, the proposal will stay within a ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Lead-in Period")," until it\nfulfills three criteria:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'Proposals must stay within the lead-in period for a pre-defined minimum amount of time. This helps\nmitigate against the possibility of "decision sniping" where an attacker controlling a substantial\namount of voting power might seek to have a proposal passed immediately after proposing, not\nallowing the overall voting population adequate time to consider and participate.'),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"There must be enough room for the decision within the origin. Different origins have their limit\non the number of proposals that can be decided simultaneously. Tracks that have more potent\nabilities will have lower limits. For example, the Root level Origin has a limit of one, implying\nthat only a single proposal may be decided on at once."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A decision deposit must be submitted. Creating a referendum is cheap as the deposit value consists\nof only the value required for the on-chain storage needed to track it. But, having a referendum\nreviewed and decided upon carries the risk of using up the limited spots available in the\nreferenda queue. Having a more significant but refundable deposit requirement makes sense to help\nmitigate spam. Failing to submit the decision deposit will lead to a referendum ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"timeout"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Until they are in the lead-in period, proposals remain undecided. Once the criteria above are met,\nthe referendum moves to the ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"deciding")," state. The votes of the referendum are now counted towards\nthe outcome."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In (2), the proposal enters the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Decision Period")," where votes can be cast. For a proposal to be\napproved, votes must satisfy the approval and support criteria for at least the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Confirmation\nPeriod"),"; otherwise, the proposal is automatically rejected. A rejected proposal can be resubmitted\nanytime and as many times as needed."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In (3), approved proposals will enter the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Enactment Period"),", after which proposed changes will be\nexecuted."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note how the length of the lead-in, decision, confirmation, and enactment periods vary depending on\nthe origin. Root origin has more extended periods than the other origins. Also, the number of\nreferenda within each track differs, with the Root origin track only accepting one. proposal at a\ntime (see below)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-track-capacity",src:n(67506).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This directly affects the number of proposals that can be voted on and executed simultaneously.\nContinuing the comparison between Root and Small Tipper, Small Tipper will allow many proposals on\nits track to be executed simultaneously. In contrast, Root will allow only one proposal in its\ntrack. Once the track capacity is filled, additional proposals in the lead-in period will queue\nuntil place is available to enter the decision period."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"origins-and-tracks"},"Origins and Tracks"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"An ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Origin")," is a specific level of privilege that will determine the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Track")," of all referenda\nexecuted with that origin. The track is basically a pipeline in which the proposal lives and\nproceeds and is independent from other origins' tracks. The proposer of the referenda now selects an\nappropriate Origin for their request based on the proposal\u2019s requirements."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Although the track structure is the same for all origins, track parameters are not. Such parameters\ninclude:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Maximum Deciding or Capacity"),": the limit for the number of referenda that can be decided at\nonce (i.e. the number of tracks within each origin)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Decision deposit"),": the amount of funds that must be placed on deposit to enter the Decision\nPeriod (note that more requirements must be met to enter the Decision Period)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Preparation Period"),": the minimum amount of voting time needed before entering the Decision\nPeriod (given capacity and deposit are met)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Decision Period"),": the maximum time to approve a proposal. The proposal will be accepted if\napproved by the end of the period."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Confirmation Period"),": the minimum amount of time (within the Decision Period) the approval and\nsupport criteria must hold before the proposal is approved and moved to the enactment period."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Minimum Enactment Period"),": the minimum amount of waiting time before the proposed changes are\napplied"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Approval Curve"),": the curve describing the minimum % of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," votes as a function of time within\nthe Decision Period. The approval % is the portion of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," votes (adjusted for conviction) over\nthe total votes (",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye"),", ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"nay"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstained"),")."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Support Curve"),": the curve describing the minimum % of all votes in support of a proposal as a\nfunction of time within the Decision Period. The support % is defined as the portion of all votes\n(",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstained"),") without conviction over the total possible amount of votes in the system\n(i.e. the total active issuance).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, a runtime upgrade (requiring a ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"set_code")," call, if approved) does not have the same\nimplications for the ecosystem as the approval of a treasury tip (",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"reportAwesome")," call), and\ntherefore different Origins for these two actions are needed in which different deposits, support,\napproval, and a minimum ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#enactment"},"enactment")," periods will be predetermined on the pallet."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For detailed information about origin and tracks, and parameter values in Kusama, see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"this page"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"voluntary-locking-conviction-voting"},"Voluntary Locking (Conviction Voting)"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot utilizes an idea called voluntary\nlocking that allows token holders to increase their voting power by declaring how long they are\nwilling to lock up their tokens; hence, the number of votes for each token holder will be calculated\nby the following formula:"),(0,r.kt)("pre",null,(0,r.kt)("code",{parentName:"pre"},"votes = tokens * conviction_multiplier\n")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The conviction multiplier increases the vote multiplier by one every time the number of lock periods\ndouble."),(0,r.kt)(m,{mdxType:"VLTable"}),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'The maximum number of "doublings" of the lock period is set to 6 (and thus 32 lock periods in\ntotal), and one lock period equals\n',(0,r.kt)(l.Z,{network:"kusama",path:"consts.convictionVoting.voteLockingPeriod",defaultValue:100800,filter:"blocksToDays",mdxType:"RPC"}),"\n","\ndays. For additional information regarding the timeline of governance events, check out the\ngovernance section on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"maintain-polkadot-parameters/#governance"},"Polkadot Parameters page"),"","."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"do votes stack?",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"You can use the same number of tokens to vote on different referenda. Votes with conviction do not\nstack. If you voted with 5 DOT on Referenda A, B\nand C with 2x conviction you would have 10 votes on all those referenda and 5\nDOT locked up only for the 2x conviction period\n(i.e. two weeks), with the unlocking\ncountdown starting when the last referendum you voted on ends (assuming you are on the winning\nside). If you voted with conviction on referendum and then a week later voted on another one with\nthe same conviction, the lock on your DOT will be\nextended by a week (always assuming you are on the winning side).")),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Staked tokens can be used in governance",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"While a token is locked, you can still use it for voting and ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-staking"},"staking"),". You are\nonly prohibited from transferring these tokens to another account.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Votes are always "counted" at the same time (at the end of the voting period), no matter for how\nlong the tokens are locked.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"See below an example that shows how voluntary locking works."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Peter: Votes ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"No")," with\n10 DOT for a 32-week lock period\n=> 10 x 6 = 60 Votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Logan: Votes ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Yes")," with\n20 DOT for one week lock period =>\n20 x 1 = 20 Votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Kevin: Votes ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Yes")," with\n15 DOT for a 2-week lock period\n=> 15 x 2 = 30 Votes"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Even though combined both Logan and Kevin vote with more\nDOT than Peter, the lock period for both of them\nis less than Peter, leading to their voting power counting as less."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Conviction Voting Locks created during Gov 1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Conviction voting locks in Governance v1 will not be carried over to OpenGov. Voting with conviction\nin OpenGov will create a new lock (as this will use the ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"convictionVoting")," pallet), while any\nexisting lock under Governance v1 (using the deprecated ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"democracy")," pallet) will be left to expire.\nDelegations under Governance v1 will need to be re-issued under OpenGov.")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"approval-and-support"},"Approval and Support"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Adaptive Quorum Biasing is deprecated",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In Polkadot OpenGov, ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#adaptive-quorum-biasing"},"Adaptive quorum biasing")," used\nin Governance V1 has been replaced with the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Approval and Support system"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-curves-pass",src:n(65993).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure above provides a summary view of how the approval and support system works during the\nDecision Period."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Once the proposal exits the Lead-in Period and enters the Voting Period, to be approved, it must\nsatisfy the approval and support criteria for the ",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Confirmation Period"),"."),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Approval")," is defined as the share of ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"#voluntary-locking"},"conviction"),"-weighted ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," votes\nagainst the conviction-weighted total of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"nay")," votes. The code implementation can be viewed\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/paritytech/polkadot-sdk/blob/f2fbba3be1d7deaf7cfc731cea00552c212ddfcf/substrate/frame/conviction-voting/src/types.rs#L77"},"here")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"li"},"Support")," is the total number of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstain")," votes (ignoring any adjustment for\nconviction) compared to the total possible votes (",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"/docs/learn-DOT#token-issuance"},"active issuance"),")\nthat could be made in the system. In case of ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"split")," votes, only ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"aye")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"abstain")," will count.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, let us consider a hypothetical example where the total active issuance is 100 DOT"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'An account A votes "Aye" with 10 DOT with 4x conviction'),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'An account B votes "Nay" with 5 DOT with 2x conviction '),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'An account C votes "abstain" with 20 DOT. (no conviction can be applied on "abstain" votes)')),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In this scenario, only 35 DOT from the total active issuance participated in voting on the\nreferendum. Now, let us calculate the Approval and Support values for that referendum. "),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Approval is calculated as (Aye') / (Aye' + Nay') where \"Aye'\" and \"Nay'\" are the votes after\nthe conviction multiplier is applied. Hence, Approval = (10 x 4) / (10 x 4 + 5 x 2) = 40/50 which is 80%."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},'Support is calculated as (Aye + Abstain) / (total active issuance), where "Aye" and "Abstain" are the votes without the conviction multiplier.\nHence, Support = (10 + 20) / 100 which is 30%.')),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Nay votes are not counted towards Support",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Support is a measure of voters who turned out either in favor of the referenda and who consciously\nabstained from it. Support does not include ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," votes. This avoids edge situations where ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay"),"\nvotes could push a referendum into confirming state. For example, imagine current approval is high\n(near 100%, way above the approval curve), and current support is just below the support curve. A\n",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," could bump support above the support curve but not reduce approval below the approval curve.\nTherefore someone voting against a proposal would make it pass. Hence, a decrease in % of current\napproval through new votes does not directly translate into increasing support because Support needs\nto consider ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," votes.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The figure above shows the following:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"Even if the approval threshold is reached (i.e. % of current approval is greater than the approval\ncurve), the proposal only enters the confirmation period once the support threshold is also\nreached (i.e. % current support is greater than the underlying support curve)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"If the referendum meets the approval and support thresholds for the duration of the confirmation period, the proposal will be approved\nand will be scheduled for enactment. Each track has a default minimum Enactment Period and the approved referendum needs to wait\ntill the end of it to be executed. Powerful Tracks like ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"li"},"Root")," enforce a larger\nEnactment Period to ensure the network has ample time to prepare for any changes the proposal may\nbring. The referendum proposers can also choose to set the enactment period to be higher than its default value."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"A referendum may exit the confirmation period when the thresholds are no longer met, due to new\n",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Nay")," votes or a change of existing ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Aye")," or ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Abstain")," votes to ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"li"},"Nay")," . Each time it exits, the\nconfirmation period clock is reset. For example, if the confirmation period is 20 minutes and a referendum\nenters it just for 5 min before exiting, the next time it enters, it must be confirming for 20 minutes (not 15 minutes)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"During the decision period, if a referendum fails to meet the approval and support thresholds for\nthe duration of the track-specific confirmation period, it fails and does not go to the enactment\nperiod (it may have to be resubmitted, see below)."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The approval curve starts with a value of 100% and gradually goes to 50%, but never below. Assuming all the active\ntoken supply has voted on a proposal, the conviction vote weighted support should at least always be above 50% to pass.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"opengov-curves-pass",src:n(55745).Z,width:"1920",height:"800"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note that support may not increase monotonically as shown in the figure, as people might switch\nvotes."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Different Origins' tracks have different Confirmation Periods and requirements for approval and\nsupport. For additional details on the various origins and tracks, check out\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins#origins-and-tracks-info"},"this table"),". With proposals that use less\nprivileged origins, it is far more reasonable to drop the required support to a more realistic\namount earlier than those which use highly privileged classes such as ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"Root"),". "),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"enactment"},"Enactment"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Enactment in Governance v1",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"See ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#enactment"},"this page")," for more information about enactment in Governance\nv1.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Polkadot OpenGov, the proposer suggests the enactment period, but there are also a minimum set for\neach Origin Track. For example, ",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"root")," Origin approvals require an extended period because of the\nimportance of the changes they bring to the network."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"voting-on-a-referendum"},"Voting on a Referendum"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"In Governance V1, voters could cast only an ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"aye")," or ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay")," vote. In Polkadot OpenGov, voters can\nadditionally cast a ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"abstain")," and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"split")," votes.\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#voting-on-referenda"},"Vote splitting")," allows voters to allocate\ndifferent votes for ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"aye"),", ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"nay"),", and ",(0,r.kt)("em",{parentName:"p"},"abstain"),". Voting with conviction is not possible when\nabstaining or splitting the votes."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Only the last vote counts",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Voting a second time replaces your original vote, e.g. voting with 10\nDOT, then a second extrinsic to vote with 5\nDOT, means that you are voting with 5\nDOT, not 10\nDOT.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Note that to successfully cast votes you need to have the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-accounts#existential-deposit-and-reaping"},"existential deposit")," and some additional funds\nto pay for transaction fees."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"multirole-delegation"},"Multirole Delegation"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Polkadot OpenGov builds on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#delegations"},"vote delegation feature from Governance v1")," where a voter can\ndelegate their voting power to another voter. It does so by introducing a feature known as\n",(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"multirole delegation"),", where voters can specify a different delegate for every class of\nreferendum in the system. Delegation can be done per track, and accounts can choose to select\ndifferent delegates (or no delegation) for each track."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For example, a voter could delegate one entity for managing a less potent referenda class, choose a\ndifferent delegate for another class with more powerful consequences and still retain full voting\npower over any remaining classes."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Delegate your votes",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"In Polkadot OpenGov you can delegate your votes to different entities, who will vote on your behalf.\nYou can delegate your votes using the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://delegation.polkadot.network/"},(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"a"},"Polkadot Delegation Dashboard")),". See\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RapBYZc5ZPo"},"this video tutorial")," to learn about the features of\nthe dashboard."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"If you are staking directly and not through a nomination pool, you can use bonded tokens for voting.\nNote that if you are voting with conviction, your tokens will have a democracy lock in addition to\nthe staking lock. For more information about locks, see\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-accounts/#unlocking-locks"},"this page"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"Democracy locks created through ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"#voluntary-locking"},"conviction voting")," start the unlocking period\nafter a referendum ends, provided you voted with the winning side. In the case of delegations, the\nunlocking period countdown begins after the account undelegates. There can be different scenarios:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",{parentName:"admonition"},(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"if the account delegated votes to one delegate, then after undelegating, there will be one\nunlocking period with length dependent on the conviction multiplier."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"if the account delegated votes to different delegates using different convictions, then after\nundelegating those delegates, there will be different unlocking periods with lengths dependent on\nthe conviction multipliers."))),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"It is worth noting that a user delegating their voting power does not imply that the delegate will\nhave control over the funds of the delegating user's account. That delegate's account can vote with\na user's voting power but won't be able to transfer balances, nominate a different set of\nvalidators, or execute any call other than voting on the tracks defined by the user."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The goal of delegations is to ensure the required support for proposals to be enacted is reached\nwhile keeping the overall design censorship-free. Also, voters might not have the technical\nknowledge to judge some referenda or might not have the time to read all referenda. Delegations\nallow voters to participate in OpenGov hands-free by delegating their voting power to trusted\nentities."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"For a step-by-step outline of how to delegate voting power in Polkadot OpenGov, check out the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#delegations"},"Delegating Voting Power")," section on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov"},"Polkadot OpenGov Guides"),"."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"the-polkadot-technical-fellowship"},"The Polkadot Technical Fellowship"),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"From Technical Committee to the Technical Fellowship",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"The Polkadot Technical Fellowship is a collection of Substrate experts. This fellowship was\nestablished in 2022. In Polkadot OpenGov, this fellowship replaces the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-governance#technical-committee"},"Technical Committee")," in Governance v1, and will serve\nboth the Polkadot and Kusama networks."),(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For more information about the Fellowship see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/manifesto/blob/0c3df46d76625980b8b48742cb86f4d8fa6dda8d/manifesto.pdf"},"Fellowship Manifesto"),".")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Technical Fellowship is a mostly self-governing expert body with a primary goal of representing\nhumans who embody and contain the technical knowledge base of the Kusama and/or Polkadot networks\nand protocols. This is accomplished by associating a rank with members to categorize the degree to\nwhich the system expects their opinion to be well-informed, of a sound technical basis, and in line\nwith the interests of Polkadot and/or Kusama."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Unlike the Technical Committee in Governance V1, the Fellowship is designed to be far broader in\nmembership (i.e. to work well with even tens of thousands of members) and with far lower barriers to\nentry (both in terms of administrative process flow and expectations of expertise)."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The mechanism by which the Fellowship votes is the same as what is used for Polkadot and Kusama\nstakeholder voting for a proposed referendum. Members of the Fellowship can vote on any given\nFellowship proposal and the aggregated opinion of the members (weighted by their rank) constitutes\nthe Fellowship's considered opinion."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The Polkadot Technical Fellowship resides on the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://polkadot.js.org/apps/?rpc=wss%3A%2F%2Fpolkadot-collectives-rpc.polkadot.io#/fellowship/referenda"},"Collectives"),"\nparachain and maintains the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows"},"Polkadot Fellows")," repository. The\nfellowship also has its own governance model with multiple tracks with approval and support\nparameters, where the votes are weighted by the rank of the member.",(0,r.kt)("br",{parentName:"p"}),"\n","The fellowship governance is primarily used for its membership management,\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/RFCs"},"approving RFCs")," and whitelisting Polkadot OpenGov\nproposals."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"",""),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"ranking-system"},"Ranking System"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent a small group of participants from gaining effective control over the network, this\nsystem will adhere to three main principles:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Fellowship must never have hard power over the network: it cannot change the parameters,\nconduct rescues or move assets. Their only power in governance is reducing the effective timeline\non which a referendum takes place through ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"#whitelisting"},"whitelisting"),"."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Fellowship weights those with a higher rank more in the aggregate opinion. However, the weight\nshould not be so high as to make a small number of higher members\u2019 opinions be insurmountable\ncompared to a coherent opinion from lower-ranked membership."),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The Fellowship should be designed to grow and develop its membership, aggregate levels of\nexpertise and ensure that its overall decision-making capacity strengthens over time.")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To support these conditions, the Fellowship has a\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/manifesto"},"manifesto")," that outlines the requirements and\nexpectations for individuals to attain and retain any given rank. Higher ranks can vote and promote\nlower ranks based on this ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://github.com/polkadot-fellows/manifesto"},"manifesto"),"."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Demotion")," occurs automatically after a given period has elapsed, and the member is unable to\ndefend their position to their peers."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("strong",{parentName:"p"},"Suspension")," can happen only through a referendum, which ensures that the Fellowship's bias alone\ndoes not necessarily result in expulsion."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"To prevent the Fellowship from becoming a cabal (popularity with Fellowship peers alone should not\nbe enough to gain access to a top rank), gaining access to the top tiers of the ranks will require a\nreferendum."),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"whitelisting"},"Whitelisting"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Polkadot OpenGov allows the Fellowship to authorize a new origin (known as "Whitelisted-Caller") to\nexecute with Root-level privileges for calls that have been approved by the Fellowship (currently\nonly level-three fellows and above can vote for whitelist calls).'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"The ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://paritytech.github.io/substrate/master/pallet_whitelist/"},"Whitelist")," pallet allows one\nOrigin to escalate the privilege level of another Origin for a certain operation. The pallet\nverifies two things:"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The origin of the escalation is the Whitelisted-Root (i.e. that the referendum passed on this\ntrack), and"),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},"The whitelist contains the given proposal (in the configuration of Polkadot OpenGov, it gets there\nvia a separate Fellowship referendum).")),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"If both conditions are true, the operation executes with Root-level privileges."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"This system enables a new parallel Track (Whitelisted-Caller), whose parameters have less\nrestrictive passing parameters than Root in the short term. Through an open and transparent process,\na body of global experts on the Polkadot\nprotocol have determined that the action is both safe and time-critical."),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Submitting Whitelisted Proposals",type:"info"},(0,r.kt)("p",{parentName:"admonition"},"For more information about how to submit a whitelisted proposal see the\n",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov#submitting-a-referendum-on-the-whitelisted-caller-track"},"dedicated advanced how-to guides"),".")),(0,r.kt)("h3",{id:"becoming-a-polkadot-technical-fellowship-member"},"Becoming a Polkadot Technical Fellowship Member"),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'Currently, the only way to become a fellowship member is through a referenda. To get added as a\nmember of "Rank 1", an existing member of the fellowship needs to submit a referendum with the\npreimage of a batch call that has ',(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fellowshipCollective.addMember")," and\n",(0,r.kt)("inlineCode",{parentName:"p"},"fellowshipCollective.promoteMember"),' on "2/Proficients" track. On Polkadot-JS UI for Polkadot\nCollectives, navigate to Governance > Fellowship > Referenda and click on "Add Preimage". This\npreimage can be submitted by anyone.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"fellowship-add-promote-member-preimage",src:n(68937).Z,width:"2156",height:"1746"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'After the preimage is successfully noted, navigate to Governance > Fellowship > Referenda and click\non "Submit Proposal" (This button is active on the UI only if you have an account that belongs to\nthe Fellowship). Choose the appropriate track and the origin, and enter the preimage hash of the\nbatch call that adds and promotes the member.'),(0,r.kt)("p",null,(0,r.kt)("img",{alt:"fellowship-add-promote-member-proposal",src:n(16046).Z,width:"2150",height:"1492"})),(0,r.kt)("p",null,'After the referendum is successfully executed, the member is added to the fellowship with "rank 1".\nFor example, check the ',(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://collectives.subsquare.io/fellowship/referenda/23"},"Referenda 23")," on\nthe Collectives parachain. If a member has to be added and promoted to \u201crank 5\u201d, the proposal has to\nbe submitted through track \u201c6/Senior Experts\u201d (Always a track with a rank higher). For example,\ncheck the ",(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"p",href:"https://collectives.subsquare.io/fellowship/referenda/25"},"Referenda 25")," on the\nCollectives parachain."),(0,r.kt)("p",null,"Future plans include that public members can apply to become a Fellowship candidate by placing a\nsmall deposit (which will be returned once they become members). Their candidacy will go through a\nreferendum to be approved to become a member."),(0,r.kt)("h2",{id:"resources"},"Resources"),(0,r.kt)("ul",null,(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://github.com/paritytech/substrate/tree/master/frame/democracy/src"},"Democracy Pallet")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://medium.com/polkadot-network/gov2-polkadots-next-generation-of-decentralised-governance-4d9ef657d11b"},"Governance v2")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://matrix.to/#/#Polkadot-Direction:parity.io"},"Polkadot Direction")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://matrix.to/#/#Kusama-Direction:parity.io"},"Kusama Direction")),(0,r.kt)("li",{parentName:"ul"},(0,r.kt)("a",{parentName:"li",href:"https://polkadot.polkassembly.io/"},"PolkAssembly"))),(0,r.kt)("hr",null),(0,r.kt)("admonition",{title:"Polkadot-JS 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e={1303:0,532:0};r.f.j=(d,f)=>{var a=r.o(e,d)?e[d]:void 0;if(0!==a)if(a)f.push(a[2]);else if(/^(1303|532)$/.test(d))e[d]=0;else{var b=new Promise(((f,b)=>a=e[d]=[f,b]));f.push(a[2]=b);var c=r.p+r.u(d),t=new Error;r.l(c,(f=>{if(r.o(e,d)&&(0!==(a=e[d])&&(e[d]=void 0),a)){var b=f&&("load"===f.type?"missing":f.type),c=f&&f.target&&f.target.src;t.message="Loading chunk "+d+" failed.\n("+b+": "+c+")",t.name="ChunkLoadError",t.type=b,t.request=c,a[1](t)}}),"chunk-"+d,d)}},r.O.j=d=>0===e[d];var d=(d,f)=>{var a,b,[c,t,o]=f,n=0;if(c.some((d=>0!==e[d]))){for(a in t)r.o(t,a)&&(r.m[a]=t[a]);if(o)var i=o(r)}for(d&&d(f);n - + @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ communication channels of core team members, and gain access to Polkadot events.

There are many ways you can get involved in expanding Polkadot’s ecosystem, such as:

  • Contributing code and documentation related to the ecosystem
  • Speaking about Polkadot at events, workshops, and meetups
  • Writing blog posts
  • Representing Polkadot in your region
  • Mentoring and onboarding newcomers
  • Identifying partnerships and opportunities for the Polkadot ecosystem
  • Participating in calls and tasks that help drive the ecosystem forward

How to apply:​

To become a Polkadot Ambassador, please fill out your application here.

Find out more about the programme and how to join here.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/apps-index.html b/docs/apps-index.html index 73e2dbd0ea6b..92e26c301770 100644 --- a/docs/apps-index.html +++ b/docs/apps-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Apps

Explore the different applications in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/bug-bounty.html b/docs/bug-bounty.html index 410ee50233b8..d8b454cb3206 100644 --- a/docs/bug-bounty.html +++ b/docs/bug-bounty.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ not to be disruptive or harmful to our users or us. Otherwise, your actions might be interpreted as an attack rather than an effort to be helpful.

How to report a bug​

Please follow the instructions at web3.foundation/security-report/.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-client-index.html b/docs/build-client-index.html index c0d4f8b217d9..f5e101f362a7 100644 --- a/docs/build-client-index.html +++ b/docs/build-client-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Client-side Development

Learn about different options for building client-side apps on Polkadot.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-dapp.html b/docs/build-dapp.html index f02eea653865..bca3fadcdc90 100644 --- a/docs/build-dapp.html +++ b/docs/build-dapp.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ see the tooling page for a detailed overview of different SDKs and libraries that are available.

Frameworks & Toolkits​

For front-end applications, several options exist for interfacing with Substrate-based chains (parachains, relay chains, etc.) and smart contracts. These often will interact with the RPC of a Substrate node:

Promise and RxJS APIs around Polkadot and Substrate-based chains via RPC calls. It is dynamically generated based on what the Substrate runtime provides regarding metadata. Full documentation & examples available here.
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-data.html b/docs/build-data.html index fbc433e21467..5597d00f016d 100644 --- a/docs/build-data.html +++ b/docs/build-data.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ for details on how to access the data.

Block Explorers​

As you can imagine, blockchain explorers also offer data analytics through an interface where users can examine common data points.

Some block explorers in the Polkadot ecosystem are listed on the tools page.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-guide.html b/docs/build-guide.html index 98251f412ea3..4ce64281af74 100644 --- a/docs/build-guide.html +++ b/docs/build-guide.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ (parachains, relay chains, etc.) and smart contracts. These often will interact with the RPC of a Substrate node.

Please visit the full documentation for developing dApps and other general client-side development resources.

For a complete list of tools, please take a look here: Tools, APIs, and Languages

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-hackathon.html b/docs/build-hackathon.html index 36578db153b8..d08efb3457c0 100644 --- a/docs/build-hackathon.html +++ b/docs/build-hackathon.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ that can be a feature of you hackathon or suggested prerequisite for those joining to use.

Support / Contact​

If you have any questions regarding organizing a hackathon, please free feel to contact us by email or ask us via Element chat.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html b/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html index 9ac748c18462..50ebdc3ce03f 100644 --- a/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html +++ b/docs/build-hrmp-channels.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ forceOpenHrmpChannel calls.

Opening HRMP Channels Between Two System Parachains​

As of Polkadot and Kusama runtimes 1,001,000, anyone can call an establishSystemChannel extrinsic with two system parachains as arguments in order to establish a channel from the given sender to receiver.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-index.html b/docs/build-index.html index 84808903ea1f..b4d736237db7 100644 --- a/docs/build-index.html +++ b/docs/build-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ are building.

Grants​

  • Grants - Information regarding grants and funding sources available in the Polkadot ecosystem.

PCPs​

Polkadot Contracts Proposals (PCPs) are standards for smart contracts in the Polkadot ecosystem.

Hackathon​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-integrate-assets.html b/docs/build-integrate-assets.html index 75a660c83e06..cf3ce65497ed 100644 --- a/docs/build-integrate-assets.html +++ b/docs/build-integrate-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ can be claimed).

A great resource to learn more about Error Management in XCM is the Polkadot blog post from Gavin Wood, XCM Part III: Execution and Error Management.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-integration.html b/docs/build-integration.html index faa8b500a4d3..e299b02ad342 100644 --- a/docs/build-integration.html +++ b/docs/build-integration.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ transactions. Parity and Web3 Foundation will be able to provide the best support if you use these tools.

If your team would like support, join some of our community channels or contact support@polkadot.network.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-light-clients.html b/docs/build-light-clients.html index 365df52d8d46..b1851578c204 100644 --- a/docs/build-light-clients.html +++ b/docs/build-light-clients.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ end-users to interact with applications connected to multiple blockchains or connect their own blockchains to applications that support it.

note

Substrate Connect will auto-detect whether a user is using the extension. If not, the Wasm light client will be created in-page for them.

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-network-index.html b/docs/build-network-index.html index 3ab256f53103..0b8dc348718a 100644 --- a/docs/build-network-index.html +++ b/docs/build-network-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Development Networks & Node Management

Learn how to get started with building parachains, solo-chains, and other aspects of protocol development.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-network-overview.html b/docs/build-network-overview.html index 9c7079fec6f3..b399e089a339 100644 --- a/docs/build-network-overview.html +++ b/docs/build-network-overview.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ here.

For other programmatic ways of interacting with these networks (including PolkadotJS), please view the Node Interactions page.

Testnet Faucets​

Almost all tesnets either have a web-based interface for getting test currency or a Matrix room which you can post !drip <ADDRESS>

See here for all available faucets and how to obtain testnet tokens.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-node-interaction.html b/docs/build-node-interaction.html index a39f59c97382..5982a58dea4d 100644 --- a/docs/build-node-interaction.html +++ b/docs/build-node-interaction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ block by the block author.

{
   "number":"7409038",
   "hash":"0x0e9610f3c89fac046ef83aa625ad414d5403031faa026b7ab2a918184e389968",
   "parentHash":"0xba308541eb207bc639f36d392706309a031c21622f883fb07411060389c5ffdd",
   "stateRoot":"0x4426383b64a944ad7222a4019aefd558c749da0c6920cfcdfd587741d54abbe2",
   "extrinsicsRoot":"0x74749e5f5aeb610bc23fd6d8d79fd8bbf5e4b6053f70ba94ea6b3cc271df4b3a",
   "authorId":"Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
   "logs":[
      {
         "type":"PreRuntime",
         "index":"6",
         "value":[
            "BABE",
            "0x023a0200009c7d191000000000"
         ]
      },
      {
         "type":"Seal",
         "index":"5",
         "value":[
            "BABE",
            "0x2296a50fa4fea3a46a95ad5b1f09de76d22c6ed3dc6755718c976e2d14c63e4dd3c6257813d9bdc03bb180b1e20393f1558ae1204982e5c7570df393e11f908b"
         ]
      }
   ],
   "onInitialize":{
      "events":[

      ]
   },
   "extrinsics":[
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"timestamp",
            "method":"set"
         },
         "signature":null,
         "nonce":null,
         "args":{
            "now":"1620636072000"
         },
         "tip":null,
         "hash":"0x8b853f49b6543e4fcbc796ad3574ea5601d2869d80629e080e501da4cb7b74b4",
         "info":{

         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"185253000",
                     "class":"Mandatory",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":false
      },
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"balances",
            "method":"transfer"
         },
         "signature":{
            "signature":"0x94b63112648e8e692f0076fa1ccab3a04510c269d1392c1df2560503865e144e3afd578f1e37e98063b64b98a77a89a9cdc8ade579dcac0984e78d90646a052001",
            "signer":{
               "id":"Gr5sBB1EgdmQ7FG3Ud2BdECWQTMDXNgGPfdHMMtDsmT4Dj3"
            }
         },
         "nonce":"12",
         "args":{
            "dest":{
               "id":"J6ksma2jVeHRcRoYPZBkJRzRbckys7oSmgvjKLrVbj1U8bE"
            },
            "value":"100000000"
         },
         "tip":"0",
         "hash":"0xfbc5e5de75d64abe5aa3ee9272a3112b3ce53710664f6f2b9416b2ffda8799c2",
         "info":{
            "weight":"201217000",
            "class":"Normal",
            "partialFee":"2583332634"
         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Transfer"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Gr5sBB1EgdmQ7FG3Ud2BdECWQTMDXNgGPfdHMMtDsmT4Dj3",
                  "J6ksma2jVeHRcRoYPZBkJRzRbckys7oSmgvjKLrVbj1U8bE",
                  "100000000"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Deposit"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
                  "2583332634"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"201217000",
                     "class":"Normal",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":true
      },
      {
         "method":{
            "pallet":"utility",
            "method":"batch"
         },
         "signature":{
            "signature":"0x8aa2fc3f0cff52533745679523705720cff42d0e7258b9797feed193deb0ca73474726e148af0a0b096d44c07f20e5292819ec92279cffb2897e95cc337e638e",
            "signer":{
               "id":"F4gmSZGiM9pMYPsKW7xnGktDr4zRmN2jqy5Ze678y9YWR7F"
            }
         },
         "nonce":"687",
         "args":{
            "calls":[
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2229"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2230"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"DifishR4auphofhzxsy2aupgYo4NaUECH7qgt71CgiB2o6P",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               },
               {
                  "method":{
                     "pallet":"staking",
                     "method":"payoutStakers"
                  },
                  "args":{
                     "validator_stash":"J1fishfH94nFZLNScHgC2HorWpFD2xdPxd96wtTCHLvKxfa",
                     "era":"2231"
                  }
               }
            ]
         },
         "tip":"0",
         "hash":"0x69171ec3f4e5e4dfd27f4d1c5b5dbc884932c5d9a078c84495bb7ab875c8785f",
         "info":{
            "weight":"629782467000",
            "class":"Normal",
            "partialFee":"5150837715"
         },
         "events":[
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Cfish3zJiFnTvR9jscCap7imeA9ep3cH1wZfcZwAp2gdZHo",
                  "40730624074"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "FhLcXuFkTwyc3o9K82VBahpain1YHWyGeNMDTTyeDJKfm5b",
                  "4296071738"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"staking",
                  "method":"Reward"
               },
               "data":[
                  "F1NyXFUayqmVMdjNK45hcaTCE3JiqdU83sEGhQ3HQXn2Rpq",
                  "1770904403"
               ]
            },

            // ...

            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"utility",
                  "method":"BatchCompleted"
               },
               "data":[

               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"balances",
                  "method":"Deposit"
               },
               "data":[
                  "Fvvz6Ej1D5ZR5ZTK1vE1dCjBvkbxE1VncptEtmFaecXe4PF",
                  "5150837715"
               ]
            },
            {
               "method":{
                  "pallet":"system",
                  "method":"ExtrinsicSuccess"
               },
               "data":[
                  {
                     "weight":"629782467000",
                     "class":"Normal",
                     "paysFee":"Yes"
                  }
               ]
            }
         ],
         "success":true,
         "paysFee":true
      }
   ],
   "onFinalize":{
      "events":[

      ]
   },
   "finalized":true
}
The JS number type is a 53 bit precision float

There is no guarantee that the numerical values in the response will have a numerical type. Any numbers larger than 2**53-1 will have a string type.

Submitting a Transaction​

Submit a serialized transaction using the transaction endpoint with an HTTP POST request.

import requests
import json

url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/transaction/'
tx_headers = {'Content-type' : 'application/json', 'Accept' : 'text/plain'}
response = requests.post(
    url,
    data='{"tx": "0xed0...000"}', # A serialized tx.
    headers=tx_headers
)
tx_response = json.loads(response.text)

If successful, this endpoint returns a JSON with the transaction hash. In case of error, it will return an error report, e.g.:

{
    "error": "Failed to parse a tx" | "Failed to submit a tx",
    "cause": "Upstream error description"
}
- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-node-management.html b/docs/build-node-management.html index 0861a751f538..ccdac62f41c5 100644 --- a/docs/build-node-management.html +++ b/docs/build-node-management.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ has a monitor node metrics tutorial which uses this endpoint.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-open-source.html b/docs/build-open-source.html index 86c437d3bc01..bc88b9d07880 100644 --- a/docs/build-open-source.html +++ b/docs/build-open-source.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ the tech stack.

❗ All technologies listed above need to be open-source. Ideally, the links lead directly to the code.

Note: You will need a GitHub account to suggest changes or open issues. If you do not have one, you may sign up for free.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-oracle.html b/docs/build-oracle.html index aa6b90b5f983..f56619a3f1f9 100644 --- a/docs/build-oracle.html +++ b/docs/build-oracle.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ ecosystem develops and oracle parachains begin to appear, this article will be updated with a comparison of the different solutions and the benefits and drawbacks that each provide.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-pdk.html b/docs/build-pdk.html index d462d9410f22..0a462eb2eccf 100644 --- a/docs/build-pdk.html +++ b/docs/build-pdk.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ transition into a Relay Chain.

For more information on how parathread per-block auctions work, see the more detailed parathread page.

Resources​

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-protocol-index.html b/docs/build-protocol-index.html index 797018926632..5850a416cd03 100644 --- a/docs/build-protocol-index.html +++ b/docs/build-protocol-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

Protocol & Parachain Development

Learn how to get started with building parachains, solo-chains, and other aspects of protocol development.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-protocol-info.html b/docs/build-protocol-info.html index 3fb1bef2f045..98e5916512c2 100644 --- a/docs/build-protocol-info.html +++ b/docs/build-protocol-info.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ to cancel a runtime upgrade. Using a finalized depth of ten blocks should be safe.

Note that block production and finality are isolated processes in Polkadot, and the chain can have a long unfinalized head.

Do users need to interact with any smart contracts?

No, users interact directly with the chain's logic.

Does Polkadot have state rent?

No, Polkadot uses the existential deposit to prevent dust accounts and other economic mechanisms like locking or reserving tokens for operations that utilize state.

What is an external source to see the current chain height?

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-smart-contracts.html b/docs/build-smart-contracts.html index 7023d255b231..dfd67a7c3e2f 100644 --- a/docs/build-smart-contracts.html +++ b/docs/build-smart-contracts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Substrate and Polkadot StackExchange to ask their questions. As always, keep up to date with Polkadot and Kusama by following the social channels.

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-storage.html b/docs/build-storage.html index da3e90316028..07c1f6078714 100644 --- a/docs/build-storage.html +++ b/docs/build-storage.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ directory info will not be visible if you switch to a new browser or clear the browser cache. The storage module allows you to export file directory info from the current browser and import it to the new browser.

manage file dir

note

These above images are taken from this pull request

- + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-tools-index.html b/docs/build-tools-index.html index 25e9b1b1bb87..190648bf95ff 100644 --- a/docs/build-tools-index.html +++ b/docs/build-tools-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ Squid Archive Registry
  • Polka-store - A tool which scans a Substrate chain and stores balance-relevant transactions in an SQLite database.
  • Substrate-graph - A compact indexer for Substrate based nodes providing a GraphQL interface.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/build-transaction-construction.html b/docs/build-transaction-construction.html index 5960f5ab9c95..3ea05980ec85 100644 --- a/docs/build-transaction-construction.html +++ b/docs/build-transaction-construction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ author_submitAndWatchExtrinsic, the latter of which will subscribe you to events to be notified as a transaction gets validated and included in the chain.

    Notes​

    Some addresses to use in the examples. See Subkey documentation.

    $ subkey --network polkadot generate
    Secret phrase `pulp gaze fuel ... mercy inherit equal` is account:
      Secret seed:      0x57450b3e09ba4598 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 219756eeba80bb16
      Public key (hex): 0x2ca17d26ca376087dc30ed52deb74bf0f64aca96fe78b05ec3e720a72adb1235
      Account ID:       0x2ca17d26ca376087dc30ed52deb74bf0f64aca96fe78b05ec3e720a72adb1235
      SS58 Address:     121X5bEgTZcGQx5NZjwuTjqqKoiG8B2wEAvrUFjuw24ZGZf2

    $ subkey --network polkadot generate
    Secret phrase `exercise auction soft ... obey control easily` is account:
      Secret seed:      0x5f4bbb9fbb69261a ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 4691ed7d1130fbbd
      Public key (hex): 0xda04de6cd781c98acf0693dfb97c11011938ad22fcc476ed0089ac5aec3fe243
      Account ID:       0xda04de6cd781c98acf0693dfb97c11011938ad22fcc476ed0089ac5aec3fe243
      SS58 Address:     15vrtLsCQFG3qRYUcaEeeEih4JwepocNJHkpsrqojqnZPc2y
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/builders-program.html b/docs/builders-program.html index bdde5f089a4c..918774f7d3b2 100644 --- a/docs/builders-program.html +++ b/docs/builders-program.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ form of tooling, UI, middleware, bridges, and more.

    Application track​

    This track supports builders who are building on top of Substrate-based chains.

    Check out the official Substrate Builders Program site for more information and steps on how to apply.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/community-index.html b/docs/community-index.html index 9e91d74f2d1d..17e1bb86d21f 100644 --- a/docs/community-index.html +++ b/docs/community-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Community & Contributors

    Learn about how to participate in the Polkadot community and how to contribute to the Polkadot Wiki.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/community.html b/docs/community.html index eb0ccc2bce60..5ce741be7cbf 100644 --- a/docs/community.html +++ b/docs/community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ unofficial).
  • Jobs in Polkadot Ecosystem - Join the Polkadot Talent Network.
  • Polkadot Blockchain Academy - a classroom-based educational program covering the conceptual underpinnings and the hands-on application of blockchain technology, using Polkadot and Substrate as its foundations..
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributing.html b/docs/contributing.html index 6eca09f591ae..e4541c7c3c39 100644 --- a/docs/contributing.html +++ b/docs/contributing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ the official crowdin knowledge base as well.




    The following shows an example in Arabic. You can type in your desired translation for each section in the provided area, while using the suggestions generated by the crowdin built-in translator.


    Make sure to save your translation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/contributors.html b/docs/contributors.html index de6129e8b1b1..6ff953fdd5db 100644 --- a/docs/contributors.html +++ b/docs/contributors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ for the Polkadot protocol. He contributed in creating written content and example applications that demonstrate how to use these new technologies.

    You can now find Logan leading efforts to define the prediction market space at Zeitgeist.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dashboards-index.html b/docs/dashboards-index.html index 326f9b276e95..660eef31aecb 100644 --- a/docs/dashboards-index.html +++ b/docs/dashboards-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Dashboards

    Explore the different dashboards in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/decentralized-futures.html b/docs/decentralized-futures.html index 801907aaa0ea..57ffd8d17529 100644 --- a/docs/decentralized-futures.html +++ b/docs/decentralized-futures.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ utilized, with granularity increasing proportionally with the amount sought. This meticulous approach ensures transparency and accountability in the allocation of resources.
  • A demonstrated willingness to receive a more significant portion of the value in long-term DOT rather than immediate FIAT, aligning with the broader ecosystem's goals.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/dev-heroes.html b/docs/dev-heroes.html index 7c671ac6c705..e8894558bb42 100644 --- a/docs/dev-heroes.html +++ b/docs/dev-heroes.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ open source technology stack list and contribute with a pull request, an issue, or find and fix bugs.

  • Create content: Write a blog post, record a video tutorial, and write a Twitter thread. Share about your latest coding success, something you learned and are excited about.

  • Speak at events: Do a workshop or talk at meetups and conferences.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/explore-index.html b/docs/explore-index.html index aaf35c36116e..2ecf51a1f1fa 100644 --- a/docs/explore-index.html +++ b/docs/explore-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Explore

    Explore Wallets, Apps and Programmes in Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/faq.html b/docs/faq.html index 1f7cccd9377f..4c5e6e6463c2 100644 --- a/docs/faq.html +++ b/docs/faq.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ fee calculation page in the Substrate documentation for more detailed information.

    Answered by Gav series​

    The "Answered by Gav" series is a collection of posts uploaded to Reddit of questions that have been asked in the Polkadot Watercooler Riot channel and answered by Polkadot founder Gavin Wood.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/general-index.html b/docs/general-index.html index 0dd31433dd95..d1879ed0913f 100644 --- a/docs/general-index.html +++ b/docs/general-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    General

    General Information to get started with Polkadot and Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/getting-started.html b/docs/getting-started.html index 41f794e908b8..ad0bdf5b2ee6 100644 --- a/docs/getting-started.html +++ b/docs/getting-started.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ about Polkadot.
  • Sample Applications - Sample applications that are built on or currently being built for Polkadot.
  • Contributing Guide - Rules for contributing to the wiki.
  • Polkadot Knowledge Base - Troubleshooting resources for specific errors and problems.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/glossary.html b/docs/glossary.html index 8f38e7e536b2..3a59ecb4b009 100644 --- a/docs/glossary.html +++ b/docs/glossary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ transaction weights and fees.

    Witness​

    Cryptographic proof statements of data validity.

    Whitelist Pallet​

    Allows one Origin to escalate the privilege level of another Origin for a certain operation. In terms of OpenGov, it allows the Fellowship to authorise a new origin (which we will call Whitelisted-Root) to be executed with Root-level privileges.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/governance-apps.html b/docs/governance-apps.html index 75ac73cc0d68..838c8326a2b2 100644 --- a/docs/governance-apps.html +++ b/docs/governance-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ node, ensuring real-time accuracy.

    Dive into the world of Polkadot governance with Polkassembly and be an active part of the future! For deeper insights or specific tutorials, please refer to the official documentation at https://docs.polkassembly.io.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/grants.html b/docs/grants.html index 99dfb5d11c0e..558bf366b77f 100644 --- a/docs/grants.html +++ b/docs/grants.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ Foundation has considered new ways to distribute KSM for people who need KSM to build.

    If you are interested in obtaining KSM for building or research, you can apply through the Treasury or receive a tip for doing something cool in the community.

    Other Grant Programs​

    Below is a list of other grant programs in the Polkadot/Substrate ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/how-to-dyor.html b/docs/how-to-dyor.html index 1094ff83141c..31ccf1ce587f 100644 --- a/docs/how-to-dyor.html +++ b/docs/how-to-dyor.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ aims to bring to the ecosystem.

    This does not fall under fact-checking and verifying claims, but it is important to mention: fully understanding what something does and its prospective impact is an integral part of making an informed decision, so do not overlook it.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html b/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html index 1b94c2f84fe9..359fc127a421 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html +++ b/docs/kusama-adversarial-cheatsheet.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Adversarial Cheatsheet

    Expect things to break on Kusama. To help you break some things, take a look at the following threat model.

    Hacker wants to …Security promise that should prevent the hackHacking IncentiveHacking DamageHacking value details
    Double spend tokens via getting the clients to accept a different chainIntegrity (System-wide)HighHighIf attackers are able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Cause system to mint tokens to his own accountIntegrity (System-wide) MediumLow - MediumIf an attacker is able to craft transactions that mint tokens to their account, then this provides a high monetary incentive to execute this attack.
    Validate malicious blocks to double spend tokensAvailability (System-wide) HighMediumIf an attacker is able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Undermine consensus mechanism to split chainIntegrity (System-wide)HighHigh"If an attacker is able to double spend tokens, they are able to get services without paying for them. This gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack. Betting on decrease in value of the cryptocurrency or competitors want to damage the reputation, so that the value of their blockchain increases.
    Tamper/manipulate blockchain history to invalidate transactions (e.g. a voting result)Integrity (System-wide)MediumMedium - HighAttacker can rollback undesired transactions by intentionally invalidating the block where transaction has happened. Attacker can force a governance decision (or even an on-chain update) that favors them.
    Undermine blockchain or consensus mechanism to damage the ecosystem's reputationAvailability (System-wide)HighHighBetting on decrease in value of the cryptocurrency or competitors want to damage the reputation, so that the value of their blockchain increases
    CensorshipAvailability (System-wide)MediumHighHackers are able to block undesirable types of transactions (e.g. industry competitor transactions or referendum votes). This could be achieved by colluding with other stakeholders or by otherwise obtaining more voting power.
    Deanonymize usersConfidentiality (Node)MediumMediumParties that want to de-anonymize users can use the information to oppress the opposition (e.g. political activists).
    Steal token from nodeIntegrity (Node)HighHighAttackers that are able to steal tokens from nodes can claim assets for themselves, which gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Steal token from node by leaking credentialsConfidentiality (Node)HighHighAttackers that are able to steal tokens from nodes can claim assets for themselves, which gives them a high monetary incentive to execute the attack.
    Prevent node from accessing the Polkadot networkAvailability (Node)LowLow - MediumRun a targeted denial-of-service attack out of revenge, monetary interests (in case of a competing coin exchange, etc.).
    Defraud other participantsIntegrity (Node)MediumLow - MediumAttacker can abuse other participants’ misunderstanding of Polkadot's security guarantees to defraud them. Also, if the reward for calling out bad behavior can be set up so that it is higher than the according punishment, a set of self-handled nodes can be set up to generate a source cycle. Other participants are not needed for this attack.
    Defraud other participantsIntegrity (System-wide)HighHighAn attacker could abuse bugs in Polkadot's economic system to defraud other participants. For example, an attacker could exploit a logic bug to not pay transaction fees.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html b/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html index f3d7f41caf95..9c1ca17e146c 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html +++ b/docs/kusama-bug-bounty.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ not to be disruptive or harmful to our users or us. Otherwise, your actions might be interpreted as an attack rather than an effort to be helpful.

    How to report a bug​

    Please follow the instructions at web3.foundation/security-report/.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-claims.html b/docs/kusama-claims.html index 8fa651715a43..6c3a4e1d60ab 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-claims.html +++ b/docs/kusama-claims.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ Polkadot Support page.

    Third Party Claims Processes​

    We do not recommend using a third-party app or process to perform your claim or acquire KSM.

    Claiming using a third-party process can lead to the loss of your allocation; therefore, we cannot recommend using any third-party apps to do so. Manually specifying your transaction data, as specified in our claims process, is the only way to be certain you will receive your allocation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-coc.html b/docs/kusama-coc.html index bcd18e8447c0..3e632db6089a 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-coc.html +++ b/docs/kusama-coc.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ on feedback from the Kusama participants and/or the Polkadot community.

    Bugs​

    Please understand that this network is, despite its success, an experiment with potential flaws, so it’s appreciated that community members help report any sort of exploits directly to the team before sharing publicly. Please see the bug bounty program.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-community.html b/docs/kusama-community.html index b8e167e6cdec..e3cdd3cd5c38 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-community.html +++ b/docs/kusama-community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ for technical questions on building with Substrate.
  • Smart Contracts & Parity Ink! - A room to discuss developing Substrate smart contracts using Parity Ink!

    • Social​

    Blogs and tutorials​

    Newsletters​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-getting-started.html b/docs/kusama-getting-started.html index eb0ef1c00035..747540a50b97 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-getting-started.html +++ b/docs/kusama-getting-started.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ here.

    While Kusama does not support smart contracts natively, building apps on it is still possible (e.g. RMRK.app). If you're interested in diving deeper into proper development, however, check out the builders guide.

    Additional Resources:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-index.html b/docs/kusama-index.html index c8784700a33b..deeafe546c38 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-index.html +++ b/docs/kusama-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    Kusama

    Polkadot's Canary Network​

    Kusama is a canary network for Polkadot; an earlier release of the code that is available first and holds real economic value. For developers, Kusama is a proving ground for runtime upgrades, on-chain governance, and parachains.

    No Promises.

    Kusama has a dedicated Wiki guide. Click on the image below to access it.

    guide
    Kusama Guide
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-parameters.html b/docs/kusama-parameters.html index 4ee1b28a748f..7e48f10c6e1d 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-parameters.html +++ b/docs/kusama-parameters.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ redirected into the Society's treasury to fund growth.

    Precision​

    KSM have 12 decimals of precision. In other words, 1e12 (1_000_000_000_000, or one trillion) Plancks make up a single KSM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html b/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html index de13fed19760..67a6d8ed4b7b 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html +++ b/docs/kusama-social-recovery.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ either go through the council or submit a public proposal. To learn more about governance, see here.

    Further Reading​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/kusama-timeline.html b/docs/kusama-timeline.html index 9dca848eddda..39d86cc49d2b 100644 --- a/docs/kusama-timeline.html +++ b/docs/kusama-timeline.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ forkless upgradability provided by Substrate, chaos continues, and in the spirit of chaos, more teams are eager to deploy on Kusama. The path of Kusama deployment has paved the way to Polkadot's parachains as the technology became proven.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-DOT.html b/docs/learn-DOT.html index 5bd34ec7227b..6df65c767409 100644 --- a/docs/learn-DOT.html +++ b/docs/learn-DOT.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ through the Treasury. Alternatively, they can be obtained on the open market.

    Polkadot Mainnet DOT​

    Polkadot Mainnet DOT are not freely given away. If you purchased DOT in the original 2017 offering, you may claim them via the Polkadot claims process. Alternatively, they are available on the open market.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html b/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html index 8806c07d4c37..03f8e238ca47 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-abstraction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ Bader Youssef - "Abstracting Away Account Abstraction on Polkadot"
  • Parity Blog Post by Joe Petrowski - "Building a Hot Wallet with Substrate Primitives"
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-advanced.html b/docs/learn-account-advanced.html index e37e2f35cac1..8f720ea2a06b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-advanced.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-advanced.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ directly in the browser on the new one.

    This has been tested on Brave and Chrome, but not other browsers.

    1. Go to Polkadot-JS Apps
    2. Go to JavaScript console on the browser (Available in Developer Tools)
    3. Type in the command:
    JSON.stringify(localStorage)
    1. Copy and paste the returned string to a text editor and save the file.
    2. Check that the string you pasted begins and ends with a tick mark ('). If not, add one to the beginning and end.
    3. Save and send that file with the copied string to the new computer.
    4. On the new computer, go to Polkadot-JS Apps
    5. Open the Javascript console on the browser (Available in Developer Tools)
    6. Set a variable raw equal to the string from the text file
    raw = ... copy-pasted json from original computer ...
    1. Run the following code on the console:
    accounts = JSON.parse(raw);
    for (var key in accounts) {
        if (accounts.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
            val = JSON.stringify(accounts[key]).replace(/\\/g,'').slice(1,-1);
            console.log(key + " -> " + val);
            localStorage.setItem(key, val);
        }
    }
    1. Refresh Polkadot-JS App browser and check the Accounts and Addresses pages. All of your accounts and addresses should now be available.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-account-multisig.html b/docs/learn-account-multisig.html index 0b1a76643c03..d6bdb27ecc92 100644 --- a/docs/learn-account-multisig.html +++ b/docs/learn-account-multisig.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the entities designated as the recipients come together in a new multisig under a matching threshold, they will immediately have access to these tokens.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about multi-signature accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-accounts.html b/docs/learn-accounts.html index 89e44380587a..6f96dd5f8d2d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-accounts.html +++ b/docs/learn-accounts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ The same applies to proxies. The idea is that those actions require some network memory usage that is not given for free. In the example, we created a governance proxy, and the reserved funds for this are 0.0668 KSM.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-advanced-index.html b/docs/learn-advanced-index.html index 324b54a51a72..c0c5a5722ab2 100644 --- a/docs/learn-advanced-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-advanced-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Advanced Concepts

    Advanced concepts to better understand Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-architecture-index.html b/docs/learn-architecture-index.html index fbbd7f13843d..08d0f16d0da6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-architecture-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-architecture-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's Architecture

    Everything about Polkadot's Architecture.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-architecture.html b/docs/learn-architecture.html index 857b66b1b85a..e22a7231fad3 100644 --- a/docs/learn-architecture.html +++ b/docs/learn-architecture.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ verify their validity (and later, their availability).

    Whiteboard Series​

    For a video overview of the architecture of Polkadot watch the video below for the whiteboard interview with W3F researcher Alistair Stewart:

    Architecture Overview

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-archive-index.html b/docs/learn-archive-index.html index e7045f14d329..b837b956167e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-archive-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-archive-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Archive

    Implementations no longer live on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-assets-index.html b/docs/learn-assets-index.html index f647ba2c12a6..8e846849b574 100644 --- a/docs/learn-assets-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-assets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Tokens and Assets

    Everything about tokens and assets on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-assets.html b/docs/learn-assets.html index a7909664ef7a..c8fc0fa3e1dd 100644 --- a/docs/learn-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ create a 2-of-2 multisig from two pure proxies, and then set members from each group as proxies to those two accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-async-backing.html b/docs/learn-async-backing.html index 2d0f8e259f2e..7f4cc0d97595 100644 --- a/docs/learn-async-backing.html +++ b/docs/learn-async-backing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Asynchronous Backing (Shallow)
  • Chapter 6.15. from PBA lecture material: Asynchronous Backing (Deep)
  • Polkadot Blog Post - Asynchronous Backing: Elevating Polkadot's Performance and Scale
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-auction.html b/docs/learn-auction.html index dfaa29453fdb..4f7ac78ea54b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-auction.html +++ b/docs/learn-auction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ W3F research page on parachain allocation that goes more in depth to the mechanism
  • Research Update: The Case for Candle Auctions - W3F breakdown and research update about candle auctions
  • Front-Running, Smart Contracts, and Candle Auctions W3F Research team discusses how to remedy current blockchain auction setbacks with candle auctions
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-basics-index.html b/docs/learn-basics-index.html index 11da0c989659..b7c1b0edc4cc 100644 --- a/docs/learn-basics-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-basics-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Basic concepts about Polkadot

    Everything about staking, accounts, OpenGov, treasury, transactions, tokens and NFTs.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-bridges.html b/docs/learn-bridges.html index 07b109c4e7f0..1b5a8f6b5026 100644 --- a/docs/learn-bridges.html +++ b/docs/learn-bridges.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Edgeware chain (a Substrate-based chain) - now defunct and not maintained, but a good example.
  • XCLAIM - XCLAIM is a framework for achieving trustless and efficient cross-chain exchanges using cryptocurrency-backed assets.
  • Celer cBridge - a bridge to transfer assets from Ethereum & Binance Smart Chain to the Astar Polkadot EVM.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-collator.html b/docs/learn-collator.html index cb18d45b21e2..38f57da73a2a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-collator.html +++ b/docs/learn-collator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Cumulus repository. More information can be found under the Cumulus section on the build parachain page.

    Guides and Tools​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html index 08db17f20e43..d0b48dcf3e6b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-avalanche.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ need a recommended minimum of 5 validators, which make the costs of launch predictable. Avalanche has plans to implement shared security, interoperability, composability and on-chain governance features which are already offered by Polkadot.

    References​

    1. The Avalanche Platform Whitepaper
    2. The Avalanche Consensus Whitepaper
    3. The AVAX Token Dynamics Paper
    4. Nakomoto vs Snow consensus
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html index 88f8db54fe84..065fdee17155 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-cosmos.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ chain must trust the sending chain. Thus, each blockchain in the Cosmos network has its independent security mechanisms. They're independently secured and do not rely on the security of other blockchains or the hub.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html index e33df7bde24a..26352c118247 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-ethereum-2.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ enacted autonomously via forkless upgrades.
  • Validator selection mechanisms differ as Polkadot can provide strong availability and validity guarantees with fewer validators per shard.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html index 7cc52f799185..d44029c058e4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot Comparisons

    Comparison between Polkadot and other Networks.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html index 26e13412d5a8..f6a36f236ef1 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ the future, we’re also likely to see Kusama bridged to Polkadot for cross-network interoperability. Web3 Foundation remains committed to both networks going forward, providing crucial support and guidance to teams building for the ecosystem.

    Explore more​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html b/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html index 5188373b7568..e079443076c4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons-rollups.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ transition data.

    Despite these drawbacks, Polkadot remains upgradable through forkless upgrades, which allows the protocol to be easily upgradable to stay in line with future technological advances.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-comparisons.html b/docs/learn-comparisons.html index 98c8135cd6aa..356502d1ad9f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-comparisons.html +++ b/docs/learn-comparisons.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Chain, and as the number of validators in the active set on Polkadot are increased, more parachains can be supported.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-components-index.html b/docs/learn-components-index.html index e499e746a76b..1cc1e2be75ed 100644 --- a/docs/learn-components-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-components-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Components

    Key components of the Polkadot ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-consensus.html b/docs/learn-consensus.html index ff23daa9aa45..552b33c3a199 100644 --- a/docs/learn-consensus.html +++ b/docs/learn-consensus.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ with Bill Laboon.
  • Block Production and Finalization in Polkadot: Understanding the BABE and GRANDPA Protocols - An academic talk by Bill Laboon, given at MIT Cryptoeconomic Systems 2020, describing Polkadot's hybrid consensus model in-depth.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-controller.html b/docs/learn-controller.html index 83856f58ff49..b84cb35f33dd 100644 --- a/docs/learn-controller.html +++ b/docs/learn-controller.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ used less often and usually signed by the stash.

    stash-not-as-controller

    From a practical perspective, there were two accounts, and we needed to remember two passwords. From a security perspective, the party who wanted to control our staking actions was required to control two accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-crowdloans.html b/docs/learn-crowdloans.html index b9b294119b5f..0a1e27a0fb62 100644 --- a/docs/learn-crowdloans.html +++ b/docs/learn-crowdloans.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Apps page.

    Here is an example of the crowdloans in play during the very first Kusama auction.

    crowdloan dashboard

    Furthermore, check out this video on How to Participate in Crowdloans for steps on how to access available crowdloans on PolkadotJS apps.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-cryptography.html b/docs/learn-cryptography.html index 4c4d5eb5b4ea..80336c4e5919 100644 --- a/docs/learn-cryptography.html +++ b/docs/learn-cryptography.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ make passive attacks much harder if such a backdoor exists.

    However an alternative exists in the form of Curve25519. This algorithm has been proposed in 2006 by DJB [Curve25519]. Its main strengths are its speed, its constant-time run time (and resistance against side-channel attacks), and its lack of nebulous hard-coded constants.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html b/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html index 8780605d720a..82e1e7663954 100644 --- a/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-future-implementations-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Future Implementations

    Implementations that will be deployed on Polkadot.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-governance.html b/docs/learn-governance.html index 8b743347a83f..c0439d2597bf 100644 --- a/docs/learn-governance.html +++ b/docs/learn-governance.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ case for why the change should be made.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html index 828742c6edf0..66cb8a61254a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-multisig.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ Check the "How to use a multisig account" in the support docs on how to decode the multisig call data.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html index 3457bfb52b55..479f2e877249 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy-pure.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ address but does not impact the pure proxy address. In Scenario Two, if signatories behind the pure proxies change, the address of the multisig stays the same. However, changing the number of signatories and threshold would not be possible.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html index 773a7abac6f1..ba5e258c9e15 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts-proxy.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ automatically ask for Charly's signature. Thus one proxy call will trigger the second one because Charly's is the only any proxy of P-C, and P-C cannot sign anything. While if we want to use Bob's account we will need to submit all three proxy calls.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html b/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html index 496c338a76da..36f47519de41 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-accounts.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ encrypting/decrypting your wallet. If you cannot load a JSON file, please use the latest version of the wallet software. If you cannot load it, ensure that the wallet software uses the newest version of the Polkadot API.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html index 12daa2bbb448..716ebf9dc82a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-create.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ an ID that has already been taken. After all the details are entered, click on the next button.

    Add Asset Metadata

    • Choose the admin, issuer and the freezer accounts for your asset and click on the create button.

    Asset managing accounts

    • Sign and submit the transaction (If you like to verify the transaction details before signing, you can click on the dropdown button pointed by the arrow in the snapshot below).

    Sign asset creating transaction

    If the transaction is successful, you should see the asset and its details displayed in the Network > Assets page on the Asset Hub.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html index b3480d42afab..e27192705340 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Advanced Guides for Asset Hub

    Polkadot-JS guides about the Asset Hub.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html b/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html index f9b7c54d7bb1..746027bdbcc6 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-assets-ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ here.
  • Transfer the desired amount as described above. If you want to send exactly the amount you want to teleport, don't forget take into account the fees for teleporting that will be deducted in the next step.
  • Teleport your tokens following the instructions you will find here.

    • Teleporting to a Ledger account from a non-Ledger account doesn't require these extra steps.

    Support​

    If you need support, please visit the Polkadot Support page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html b/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html index d6a0b652f1c5..7ab64ee17b39 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-bounties.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ delay elapsed, follow the guidelines in the video tutorial below to learn how to claim a child bounty reward. Note that the extrinsic to claim the child bounty reward is permissionless, and anyone can initiate the claim on behalf of the beneficiary.

    Claim Child Bounty Reward

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-identity.html b/docs/learn-guides-identity.html index 39d972cff6fd..51aef2d0b1df 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-identity.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-identity.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ minimumDeposit.

    Submitting a proposal

    At this point, DOT holders can endorse the motion. With enough endorsements, the motion will become a referendum, which is then voted on. If it passes, users will be able to request judgement from this registrar.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html b/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html index 185983006743..81ff4db1b1a4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ extrinsics are available in the light version. The following repository by Zondax lists the currently supported Democracy extrinsics on the full ledger.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html b/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html index 3a71c679318f..28dcae8e7448 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-polkadot-opengov.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ have been met. Failing to submit the decision deposit within a -day period will lead to a referendum timeout.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html index 8f4ca28afd02..8dd89e621373 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html index 7115da3ed506..6c5e7e616762 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking-pools.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ Polkadot-JS UI Extrinsic Tab and issue the following extrisics:

    • nominationPools.claimPayoutOthers extrinsic specifying ALICE's account. This will claim the rewards as a free balance on ALICE's account.

    pools-payoutOthers

    • nominationPools.bondExtraOthers extrinsic specifying ALICE's account and the option to bond:
      • the free balance currently available in ALICE's account (FreeBalance) or
      • the pool rewards (Rewards) unclaimed by ALICE.

    pools-bondExtraOthers

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-staking.html b/docs/learn-guides-staking.html index d576baf3adfc..30ed3718a97d 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-staking.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-staking.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ which will list all the pending payouts for your stashes.

    pending-payouts

    To then claim your reward, select the "Payout all" button. This will prompt you to select your stash accounts for payout.

    select-payouts

    Once you are done with payout, another screen will appear asking for you to sign and submit the transaction.

    transaction-payouts

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html b/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html index c458e25ffe48..25aab2794af7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-transfers.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ probably not the reason for your tokens having existing references.

    Existing Non-Native Assets​

    Currently, Polkadot does not use the Assets Pallet, so this is probably not the reason for your tokens having existing references.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html b/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html index dbdc6679c85b..8512036e0929 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ -day timeout
  • Once the referendum ends you can claim the preimage and decision deposits back
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-guides-vault.html b/docs/learn-guides-vault.html index 6eb7ca109fcd..4b15e45d6be4 100644 --- a/docs/learn-guides-vault.html +++ b/docs/learn-guides-vault.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ chain and version is the version of the metadata.

    Add the renamed files to the /public/qr folder within the Metadata Portal repository.

    Run Portal​

    Open the terminal within the Metadata Portal repository and run make updater. Then run make collector; this will create the _latest.apng files for each of the chains (removed by the command make cleaner). Finally, run yarn start to load the metadata portal on your localhost.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-identity.html b/docs/learn-identity.html index 909eb29fb218..2b5792902180 100644 --- a/docs/learn-identity.html +++ b/docs/learn-identity.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ is required for every sub-account.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about account identity.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-implementations.html b/docs/learn-implementations.html index be9170672ab2..9416ff6a2770 100644 --- a/docs/learn-implementations.html +++ b/docs/learn-implementations.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ collection of tools, interfaces, and libraries for Polkadot and Substrate.

    Other implementations that have received grants​

    While the ecosystem continues to grow rapidly, the continued development of alternative implementations will only make Polkadot stronger. Consider becoming a contributor to the ecosystem, and learn about the how you can receieve a grant for your development.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-index.html b/docs/learn-index.html index 3ec75c84a26b..a70374857ef1 100644 --- a/docs/learn-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Learn about Polkadot

    Learn about the technology behind the Polkadot ecosystem, and the tools you can use to become a participant of Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-inflation.html b/docs/learn-inflation.html index fb9e2477bdf7..37ce5a327166 100644 --- a/docs/learn-inflation.html +++ b/docs/learn-inflation.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ incentivizing them to stake more tokens on the network. On the contrary, staking rewards drop if staked tokens exceed the ideal staking rate. This results from the change in the percentage of staking rewards that go to the Treasury.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-launch.html b/docs/learn-launch.html index 2ae29de4eb8d..f897697b2790 100644 --- a/docs/learn-launch.html +++ b/docs/learn-launch.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ block number 1_205_128 on August 18, 2020, at 16:39 UTC.

    Core Functionality​

    After five years of research and development and a multi-stage launch that began in May 2020, Polkadot launch was completed on December 18, 2021, with all auction-winning parachains producing blocks on the network.

    Check out these resources for further information:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html b/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html index e0f1841ac6b6..492c160a98e8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft-pallets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ balance-keeping chain for both fungible and non-fungibles.

    These NFTs can be viewed and interacted with on RMRK's Singular platform, by switching the top right menu from Kusama to the Asset Hub.

    nft-hub

    They can also be interacted with directly through the extrinsics tab of the Asset Hub:

    uniques.png

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft-projects.html b/docs/learn-nft-projects.html index 4a3a8aec9e9c..258b8dd25399 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft-projects.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft-projects.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ on, rather than entering the NFT space themselves as an end-product.

    Unique Network aims to make their marketplace technology open-source and whitelabel-friendly. In theory, it should be trivial to set up a new marketplace for your project using Unique's technology. Unique network aims to be a parachain on Polkadot, and Quartz is their Kusama counterpart.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nft.html b/docs/learn-nft.html index b0a62db90dbc..5dd0f6ae673b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nft.html +++ b/docs/learn-nft.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ RMRK hackathon for porting RMRK NFTs into simplified IOUs on EVM chains

    References​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html b/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html index 6d6a0183a51f..c0e32f133d81 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html +++ b/docs/learn-nomination-pools.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ in the nomination pools and earn staking rewards. For additional information, see this blog post. Check the wiki doc on nomination pools for more information.

    NominatingJoining a Pool
    Minimum 250 DOT to nominate.Minimum 1 DOT to be a member.
    Rewards can be compounded automatically or sent to any account.Rewards can be manually claimed to the pool member's account and be bonded in the pool again to compound them.
    If the active validator gets slashed, all active nominators are subjected to slashing, also those that do not receive rewards due to the oversubscription issue.If the active validator gets slashed, all pool members are subjected to slashing.
    Can bond and stake DOT indefinitely.Can bond and stake DOT until the pool exists.
    Unbonding period of 28 days. Can switch validators without unbonding.Unbonding period of 28 days. Need to unbond before switching to a different pool.
    Maximum uncapped.Maximum uncapped.
    Should bond more than the minimum active nomination in an era to be eligible to earn staking rewards, although it can depend on multiple other factors outlined in the linked document.A nomination pool earns rewards in an era if it satisfies all the conditions mentioned for the nominator (as the nomination pool is just a nominator from the NPoS system perspective).
    Staked tokens can be used for participation in Governance.Staked tokens cannot be used for participation in Governance.
    Rewards payout can be triggered permissionlessly by anyone (typically done by the validator).A pool member can self claim the rewards or can grant permission to any other account to claim and compound rewards on your behalf. See Claim Permissions.
    Bonded funds remain in your account.Bonded funds are transferred to a pool account which is administered by the network protocol and is not accessible to anyone else. See System Accounts for more information.
    Nominator manages the list of staked validators (up to 16).Nominations managed by the pool operator.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-nominator.html b/docs/learn-nominator.html index e6a3dc97524d..974fa347e504 100644 --- a/docs/learn-nominator.html +++ b/docs/learn-nominator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -266,7 +266,7 @@ Polkadot JS Apps > Network > Staking > Targets page.

    Minimum Active Nomination

    Guides​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html b/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html index dce44b79bbcc..c69d12c2dd87 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-faq.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ initiate an auction, however, Root origin (via referendum) is needed to cancel an auction. Here is a proposal that gives a glimpse of what goes into planning auctions schedule - Proposed Polkadot Auction Schedule 2022.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-index.html b/docs/learn-parachains-index.html index b5b1bf256aa3..de0a38008c5c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's Parachains

    Everything about Polkadot's Parachains.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html b/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html index 131975a30516..6951f3143876 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains-protocol.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -272,7 +272,7 @@ Parity analyst Joe Petrowski expounds on the validity checks that a parachain block must pass in order to progress the parachain.
  • Availability and Validity - Paper by the W3F Research Team that specifies the availability and validity protocol in detail.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parachains.html b/docs/learn-parachains.html index 316db366b79c..94b58d26c600 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parachains.html +++ b/docs/learn-parachains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ its own. The Relay Chain provides security to attached parachains, but also provides a guarantee of secure message-passing between them."
  • The Path of a Parachain Block - A technical walk-through of how parachains interact with the Relay Chain.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-parathreads.html b/docs/learn-parathreads.html index e2f5a71dc2f1..dbdc9dd8ec43 100644 --- a/docs/learn-parathreads.html +++ b/docs/learn-parathreads.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ produce new blocks when they need to.

    Parathreads help ease the sharp stop of the parachain slot term by allowing parachains that are still doing something useful to produce blocks, even if it is no longer economically viable to rent a parachain slot.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-participants-index.html b/docs/learn-participants-index.html index bfd5e9b1227d..0c72a0a279d1 100644 --- a/docs/learn-participants-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-participants-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Participants in the Polkadot Ecosystem

    Learn about collators, nominators and validators.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-phragmen.html b/docs/learn-phragmen.html index dd1b6c7d29e1..3e5f30b02115 100644 --- a/docs/learn-phragmen.html +++ b/docs/learn-phragmen.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ This paper by Brill et al. is the source for the simple Phragmén method, along with proofs about its properties.
  • Offline Phragmén - Script to generate the Phragmén validator election outcome before the start of an era.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html index ae84887cc71a..1d78bfcd321e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-host.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Host is referred to as the Executor. For additional technical implementation details, check out this section of the Polkadot Spec.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html index c024a3500469..ead21fc50da2 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-js-guides.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Ledger and Polkadot Vault for signing transactions. We do not provide support for third party applications.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html index 60c302e3c54b..78eb788259d5 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot OpenGov

    Everything about Polkadot OpenGov.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html index ffe612378033..68a8aa903934 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-origins.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@

    Big Spender​

    Origin able to spend up to 1000000 DOT from the treasury at once.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html index a641c86ed101..f221e169b546 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ allocation of funds and as part of a nested iteration of the bounty mechanism.

    Child Bounties​

    Child bounties are spawned from parent bounties. Child bounties are used to access funds directly from the parent bounty without going through an OpenGov referendum.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about bounties and treasury.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html index 563ee376b1fb..348f450395e8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadot-opengov.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -149,51 +149,7 @@ implications for the ecosystem as the approval of a treasury tip (reportAwesome call), and therefore different Origins for these two actions are needed in which different deposits, support, approval, and a minimum enactment periods will be predetermined on the pallet.

    For detailed information about origin and tracks, and parameter values in Kusama, see -this page.

    Approval and Support​

    Adaptive Quorum Biasing is deprecated

    In Polkadot OpenGov, Adaptive quorum biasing used -in Governance V1 has been replaced with the Approval and Support system.

    opengov-curves-pass

    The figure above provides a summary view of how the approval and support system works during the -Decision Period.

    Once the proposal exits the Lead-in Period and enters the Voting Period, to be approved, it must -satisfy the approval and support criteria for the Confirmation Period.

    • Approval is defined as the share of approval (aye votes) vote-weight (after adjustment for -conviction) against the total vote-weight (aye, nay, and abstained).
    • Support is the total number of aye and abstain votes (ignoring any adjustment for -conviction) compared to the total possible votes (active issuance) -that could be made in the system. In case of split votes, only aye and abstain will count.
    Nay votes are not counted towards Support

    Support is a measure of voters who turned out either in favor of the referenda and who consciously -abstained from it. Support does not include nay votes. This avoids edge situations where nay -votes could push a referendum into confirming state. For example, imagine current approval is high -(near 100%, way above the approval curve), and current support is just below the support curve. A -nay could bump support above the support curve but not reduce approval below the approval curve. -Therefore someone voting against a proposal would make it pass. Hence, a decrease in % of current -approval through new votes does not directly translate into increasing support because Support needs -to consider nay votes.

    The figure above shows the followings:

    • Even if the approval threshold is reached (i.e. % of current approval is greater than the approval -curve), the proposal only enters the confirmation period once the support threshold is also -reached (i.e. % current support is greater than the underlying support curve).
    • If the referendum meets the criteria for the confirmation period, then the proposal is approved -and scheduled for enactment. The Enactment Period can be specified when the referendum is proposed -but is also subject to a minimum value based on the Track. More powerful Tracks enforce a larger -Enactment Period to ensure the network has ample time to prepare for any changes the proposal may -bring.
    • A referendum may exit the confirmation period when the thresholds are no longer met, due to new -Nay votes or a change of existing Aye or Abstain votes to Nay . Each time it exits, the -confirmation period resets. For example, if the confirmation period is 20 minutes and a referendum -enters it just for 5 min, the next time it enters, it must stay for 20 minutes (not 15 minutes).
    • During the decision period, if a referendum fails to meet the approval and support thresholds for -the duration of the track-specific confirmation period, it fails and does not go to the enactment -period (it may have to be resubmitted, see below).
    • The current approval must be above 50% for a referendum to pass, and the approval curve never goes -below 50%.

    opengov-curves-pass

    Note that support may not increase monotonically as shown in the figure, as people might switch -votes.

    Different Origins' tracks have different Confirmation Periods and requirements for approval and -support. For additional details on the various origins and tracks, check out -this table. Configuring the amount of -support and overall approval required for it to pass is now possible. With proposals that use less -privileged origins, it is far more reasonable to drop the required support to a more realistic -amount earlier than those which use highly privileged classes such as Root. Classes with more -significance can be made to require higher approval early on, to avoid controversy.

    Enactment​

    Enactment in Governance v1

    See this page for more information about enactment in Governance -v1.

    In Polkadot OpenGov, the proposer suggests the enactment period, but there are also minimums set for -each Origin Track. For example, root Origin approvals require a more extended period because of the -importance of the changes they bring to the network.

    Voting on a Referendum​

    In Governance V1, voters could cast only an aye or nay vote. In Polkadot OpenGov, voters can -additionally cast a abstain and split votes. -Vote splitting allows voters to allocate -different votes for aye, nay, and abstain.

    Only the last vote counts

    Voting a second time replaces your original vote, e.g. voting with 10 -DOT, then a second extrinsic to vote with 5 -DOT, means that you are voting with 5 -DOT, not 10 -DOT.

    Note that to successfully cast votes you need to have the -existential deposit and some additional funds -to pay for transaction fees.

    Voluntary Locking​

    Polkadot utilizes an idea called voluntary +this page.

    Voluntary Locking (Conviction Voting)​

    Polkadot utilizes an idea called voluntary locking that allows token holders to increase their voting power by declaring how long they are willing to lock up their tokens; hence, the number of votes for each token holder will be calculated by the following formula:

    votes = tokens * conviction_multiplier

    The conviction multiplier increases the vote multiplier by one every time the number of lock periods @@ -224,7 +180,54 @@ is less than Peter, leading to their voting power counting as less.

    Conviction Voting Locks created during Gov 1

    Conviction voting locks in Governance v1 will not be carried over to OpenGov. Voting with conviction in OpenGov will create a new lock (as this will use the convictionVoting pallet), while any existing lock under Governance v1 (using the deprecated democracy pallet) will be left to expire. -Delegations under Governance v1 will need to be re-issued under OpenGov.

    Multirole Delegation​

    Polkadot OpenGov builds on the +Delegations under Governance v1 will need to be re-issued under OpenGov.

    Approval and Support​

    Adaptive Quorum Biasing is deprecated

    In Polkadot OpenGov, Adaptive quorum biasing used +in Governance V1 has been replaced with the Approval and Support system.

    opengov-curves-pass

    The figure above provides a summary view of how the approval and support system works during the +Decision Period.

    Once the proposal exits the Lead-in Period and enters the Voting Period, to be approved, it must +satisfy the approval and support criteria for the Confirmation Period.

    • Approval is defined as the share of conviction-weighted aye votes +against the conviction-weighted total of aye and nay votes. The code implementation can be viewed +here
    • Support is the total number of aye and abstain votes (ignoring any adjustment for +conviction) compared to the total possible votes (active issuance) +that could be made in the system. In case of split votes, only aye and abstain will count.

    For example, let us consider a hypothetical example where the total active issuance is 100 DOT

    • An account A votes "Aye" with 10 DOT with 4x conviction
    • An account B votes "Nay" with 5 DOT with 2x conviction
    • An account C votes "abstain" with 20 DOT. (no conviction can be applied on "abstain" votes)

    In this scenario, only 35 DOT from the total active issuance participated in voting on the +referendum. Now, let us calculate the Approval and Support values for that referendum.

    • Approval is calculated as (Aye') / (Aye' + Nay') where "Aye'" and "Nay'" are the votes after +the conviction multiplier is applied. Hence, Approval = (10 x 4) / (10 x 4 + 5 x 2) = 40/50 which is 80%.
    • Support is calculated as (Aye + Abstain) / (total active issuance), where "Aye" and "Abstain" are the votes without the conviction multiplier. +Hence, Support = (10 + 20) / 100 which is 30%.
    Nay votes are not counted towards Support

    Support is a measure of voters who turned out either in favor of the referenda and who consciously +abstained from it. Support does not include nay votes. This avoids edge situations where nay +votes could push a referendum into confirming state. For example, imagine current approval is high +(near 100%, way above the approval curve), and current support is just below the support curve. A +nay could bump support above the support curve but not reduce approval below the approval curve. +Therefore someone voting against a proposal would make it pass. Hence, a decrease in % of current +approval through new votes does not directly translate into increasing support because Support needs +to consider nay votes.

    The figure above shows the following:

    • Even if the approval threshold is reached (i.e. % of current approval is greater than the approval +curve), the proposal only enters the confirmation period once the support threshold is also +reached (i.e. % current support is greater than the underlying support curve).
    • If the referendum meets the approval and support thresholds for the duration of the confirmation period, the proposal will be approved +and will be scheduled for enactment. Each track has a default minimum Enactment Period and the approved referendum needs to wait +till the end of it to be executed. Powerful Tracks like Root enforce a larger +Enactment Period to ensure the network has ample time to prepare for any changes the proposal may +bring. The referendum proposers can also choose to set the enactment period to be higher than its default value.
    • A referendum may exit the confirmation period when the thresholds are no longer met, due to new +Nay votes or a change of existing Aye or Abstain votes to Nay . Each time it exits, the +confirmation period clock is reset. For example, if the confirmation period is 20 minutes and a referendum +enters it just for 5 min before exiting, the next time it enters, it must be confirming for 20 minutes (not 15 minutes).
    • During the decision period, if a referendum fails to meet the approval and support thresholds for +the duration of the track-specific confirmation period, it fails and does not go to the enactment +period (it may have to be resubmitted, see below).
    • The approval curve starts with a value of 100% and gradually goes to 50%, but never below. Assuming all the active +token supply has voted on a proposal, the conviction vote weighted support should at least always be above 50% to pass.

    opengov-curves-pass

    Note that support may not increase monotonically as shown in the figure, as people might switch +votes.

    Different Origins' tracks have different Confirmation Periods and requirements for approval and +support. For additional details on the various origins and tracks, check out +this table. With proposals that use less +privileged origins, it is far more reasonable to drop the required support to a more realistic +amount earlier than those which use highly privileged classes such as Root.

    Enactment​

    Enactment in Governance v1

    See this page for more information about enactment in Governance +v1.

    In Polkadot OpenGov, the proposer suggests the enactment period, but there are also a minimum set for +each Origin Track. For example, root Origin approvals require an extended period because of the +importance of the changes they bring to the network.

    Voting on a Referendum​

    In Governance V1, voters could cast only an aye or nay vote. In Polkadot OpenGov, voters can +additionally cast a abstain and split votes. +Vote splitting allows voters to allocate +different votes for aye, nay, and abstain. Voting with conviction is not possible when +abstaining or splitting the votes.

    Only the last vote counts

    Voting a second time replaces your original vote, e.g. voting with 10 +DOT, then a second extrinsic to vote with 5 +DOT, means that you are voting with 5 +DOT, not 10 +DOT.

    Note that to successfully cast votes you need to have the +existential deposit and some additional funds +to pay for transaction fees.

    Multirole Delegation​

    Polkadot OpenGov builds on the vote delegation feature from Governance v1 where a voter can delegate their voting power to another voter. It does so by introducing a feature known as multirole delegation, where voters can specify a different delegate for every class of @@ -311,8 +314,8 @@ Collectives parachain.

    Future plans include that public members can apply to become a Fellowship candidate by placing a small deposit (which will be returned once they become members). Their candidacy will go through a referendum to be approved to become a member.

    Resources​

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the -Polkadot-JS guides about OpenGov.

    - +Polkadot-JS guides about OpenGov.

    + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html b/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html index f3cf07119fcc..5b3be30b3282 100644 --- a/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-polkadotjs-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot-JS

    Overview of Polkadot-JS.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html b/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html index 0b63fe5ced1f..8932cbc59d0e 100644 --- a/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html +++ b/docs/learn-proxies-pure.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ corporate-level management where the chance of replacing someone within a multisig can be high. Pure proxies allow keeping the same multisig when the signatories change.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about pure proxy accounts.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-proxies.html b/docs/learn-proxies.html index 3fc0f89398f8..efb8cf296d8b 100644 --- a/docs/learn-proxies.html +++ b/docs/learn-proxies.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about proxy accounts. You can find information about creating and removing proxies, and more.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-redenomination.html b/docs/learn-redenomination.html index ec73814ff312..f8af54d9aaea 100644 --- a/docs/learn-redenomination.html +++ b/docs/learn-redenomination.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ Ecosystem Redenomination Guide for recommendations.

    Please reach out to support@polkadot.network if you need any assistance in making sure your software is compatible with the redenomination.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html b/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html index 55d2425e596d..ce7c54147adf 100644 --- a/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html +++ b/docs/learn-runtime-upgrades.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ may be up to the last block before execution, but it will not work if this is missing.
  • democracy(Executed) events for actual execution. In the case of a runtime upgrade, there will also be a system(CodeUpdated) event.

    • You can also monitor Polkassembly for discussions on on-chain proposals and referenda.

    * E.g. via pallets/democracy/storage/ReferendumInfoOf?key1=index&at=blockNumber on Sidecar.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-sassafras.html b/docs/learn-sassafras.html index f2a6592b709d..b86510280761 100644 --- a/docs/learn-sassafras.html +++ b/docs/learn-sassafras.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ with time-constant intervals. The protocol utilizes zk-SNARKs to construct a ring-VRF and is a work in progress.

    This page will be updated as progress ensues.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-scams.html b/docs/learn-scams.html index 3b3bba43bfa7..7ac512d67d1a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-scams.html +++ b/docs/learn-scams.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ for steps you should take to prevent further loss and contact Polkadot Support from the same page. Finally, make sure to read the present article carefully to learn how to avoid falling victim in the future.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-spree.html b/docs/learn-spree.html index 04a545d6d50e..5e1b5bf8c7af 100644 --- a/docs/learn-spree.html +++ b/docs/learn-spree.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ instances, and the next state root of the instance. They do this validation by checking it against the validate function as provided by the SPREE module API. Collators are expected to be able to provide this information to progress their parachains.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html b/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html index 4f14ae8ceb39..7ccfbde470e8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking-advanced.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ which is a fixed amount.

    Further Resources​

    If you want to run a staking miner on your validator, refer to the repository provided in the resources section below.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking-index.html b/docs/learn-staking-index.html index 178d2d7975ed..9f0bf38b73c5 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking

    Polkadot-JS Guides about Staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-staking.html b/docs/learn-staking.html index e57e296a77bb..c5be031b4212 100644 --- a/docs/learn-staking.html +++ b/docs/learn-staking.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ for the FAQs about staking.

    Resources​

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about staking.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-system-chains.html b/docs/learn-system-chains.html index d572e08fe878..cbd0db09901c 100644 --- a/docs/learn-system-chains.html +++ b/docs/learn-system-chains.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ isolation provided by parachains.

    See the Bridges page for information on the latest bridge projects. Currently, a Bridge Hub parachain is in development that will be a portal for trust-minimized bridges to other networks.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-teleport.html b/docs/learn-teleport.html index 9d8f56e128e1..3098e3db3edb 100644 --- a/docs/learn-teleport.html +++ b/docs/learn-teleport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ teleportation should result in the same circulating supply of the asset, and failing to uphold this condition will result in a change in the asset's total issuance (in the case of fungible tokens) or a complete loss/duplication of an NFT.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html b/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html index 6b7b0cf6dd4c..6df2db6dc4a8 100644 --- a/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn-transaction-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ to free storage (e.g. clear their IDE).
  • Burns: A transaction may burn funds internally based on its logic. For example, a transaction may burn funds from the sender if it creates new storage entries, thus increasing the state size.
  • Limits: Some limits are part of the protocol. For example, nominators can only nominate 16 validators. This limits the complexity of Phragmén.

    • Learn More​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-transactions.html b/docs/learn-transactions.html index 4daa1d8b5705..9b6566c848b9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-transactions.html +++ b/docs/learn-transactions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ the fee will go to the block producer, producers will include the transactions with the highest fees to maximize their reward.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about transfers.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-treasury.html b/docs/learn-treasury.html index d1413d718f82..93b629416bae 100644 --- a/docs/learn-treasury.html +++ b/docs/learn-treasury.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ taking place. The time delay then allows chain participants time to respond. The response may take the form of governance measures or - in the most extreme cases a liquidation of their holdings and a migration to a minority fork. However, the possibility of this scenario is quite low.

    Further Reading​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-validator.html b/docs/learn-validator.html index 9a73628e239c..ee1ddf8fdef7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-validator.html +++ b/docs/learn-validator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ statistics.
  • YieldScan - Staking yield maximization platform, designed to minimize effort.
  • Subscan Validators Page - Displays information on the current validators - not as tailored for validators as the other sites.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html b/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html index 363a8986bd8d..a81b098ddee7 100644 --- a/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html +++ b/docs/learn-video-tutorials.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    Videos about Polkadot

    Visit the Polkadot YouTube Channel

    For more videos see all playlists on the Polkadot YouTube channel.

    Ongoing Series​

    Learn about Polkadot and Substrate at a deeper level with these ongoing deep dives, technical seminars, and initiatives within the ecosystem.

    Technical Explainers

    Substrate Seminars

    Polkadot Deep Dives

    Polkadot Community Calls

    Polkadot Decoded 2023

    Polkadot Blockchain Academy

    Past Events​

    Polkadot for Beginners

    ETH Denver 2023

    Encode Polkadot Club

    Sub0 2022

    Polkadot Decoded 2022

    Polkadot in Davos 2022

    Polkadot Webminars

    Hackathon North America

    Hackathon Global Series

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-wasm.html b/docs/learn-wasm.html index 86f2ad36bc96..f390fd590f77 100644 --- a/docs/learn-wasm.html +++ b/docs/learn-wasm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ spec.
  • Wasmi - WebAssembly interpreter written in Rust.
  • Parity Wasm - WebAssembly serialization/deserialization in Rust.
  • Wasm utils - Collection of Wasm utilities used in Parity and Wasm contract development.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-index.html b/docs/learn-xcm-index.html index 2cf0039d5171..aed7af5edeca 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-index.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot's XCM

    Polkadot's Cross-Consensus Messaging Format (XCM).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html b/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html index c34bef046260..2bfbe9f8f727 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-instructions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ system and may not be transferred. It may only be unlocked with the receipt of the UnlockAsset instruction from this chain.

  • RequestUnlock(MultiAsset, MultiLocation) - Send an UnlockAsset instruction to the locker for the given asset.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html b/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html index 66827da64c0a..9df4ab65a95a 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-pallet.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ calculates the total fee based on the number of instructions.

    The Trader used to calculate the weight (time for computation in consensus) to include in the message. Fee calculation in XCM is highly configurable and, for this reason, subjective to whichever configuration is in place.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html b/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html index 739ec6d2f506..851e9fb00d92 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-transport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ asset transfer as intended.

    The collator now hands this block to the validator, which itself will verify that this message was processed. If the message was processed and all other aspects of the block are valid, the validator will include this block for parachain B into the Relay Chain.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html b/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html index 5f70483fb208..7600c5c2b173 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm-usecases.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ destination's sovereign account, and sends this instruction onwards to the destination. The destination receives the instruction and processes it, minting the derivative assets as a result of the process.

    1. DepositAsset

    The destination deposits the derivative assets minted to the receiving account.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcm.html b/docs/learn-xcm.html index 95ab0d99b81c..5fbb9b1115d9 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcm.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ Technical audit report by Quarkslab prepared for Parity.

  • XCM pallet code - The pallet that contains XCM logic from the Polkadot code repository

  • XCM Config & Pallet-XCM | Polkadot Deep Dives - A technical deep dive into pallet-xcm and the XCM configuration.

    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn-xcvm.html b/docs/learn-xcvm.html index 13c57c4b0f0b..7bad0651683f 100644 --- a/docs/learn-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn-xcvm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ a MultiLocation.

    Simulating XCVM using the xcm-simulator​

    Within the Polkadot repository exists the xcm-simulator, which allows developers to experiment with building, executing, and simulating various XCM use scenarios.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm.html b/docs/learn/xcm.html index bc3c79b92347..4b4dff0b2191 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    XCM Documentation

    In-depth documentation about the Polkadot's Cross-Chain Messaging (XCM).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html b/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html index 578f2163b39f..d5a01fea0763 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/config-deep-dive.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Statemine, or Trappist for examples of how to implement the xcm-executor config.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html index 3abd1c5abd3f..baa745cdc16f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ and charging execution fees.

    XCM pallet​

    FRAME pallets, like the XCM pallet, specify weights for each extrinsic they expose. That means that when interacting with pallets that deal with XCM, there will be an additional fee at the beginning for calling the extrinsic locally.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html index 3517429fb2aa..bc1f28185a7f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-multiasset.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ MultiAssets and WildMultiAsset allowing either a wildcard or a list of definite (i.e. not wildcard) assets to be specified.

    pub enum MultiAssetFilter {
        /// Specify the filter as being everything contained by the given `MultiAssets` inner.
        Definite(MultiAssets),
        /// Specify the filter as the given `WildMultiAsset` wildcard.
        Wild(WildMultiAsset),
    }

    Examples​

    MultiAsset​

    For more information about the MultiLocations used to define concrete assets, see MultiLocation and Junction.

    // Location Relay Chain
    // 100 Native Asset (three ways)
    MultiAsset {id: Concrete(MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: Here}), fun: Fungible(100u128)};
    MultiAsset {id: Here.into(), fun: 100.into()};
    let _: MultiAsset = (Here, 100u128).into();

    // 100 Parachain's Native Asset
    let _: MultiAsset = (X1(Parachain(1000)), 100u128).into();
    // 100 Fungible assets in Parachain 1000 with id 1234
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), 100u128).into();
    // Non Fungible asset with asset class 1234 containing only one nft instance in Parachain 1000
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), Undefined).into();
    // Non Fungible asset with asset class 1234 and AssetInstance 1 in Parachain 1000
    let _: MultiAsset = (X2(Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1234)), Index(1)).into();

    MultiAssetFilter​

    let a1: MultiAssets = MultiAssets::from(vec![MultiAsset {id: Here.into(), fun: 100u128.into()}]);
    let b1: MultiAssets = (Here, 100u128).into();
    assert_eq!(a1, b1);

    let a2: MultiAssetFilter = a1.into();
    let b2 = MultiAssetFilter::Definite((Here, 100u128).into());
    assert_eq!(a2, b2);

    let a3 = MultiAssetFilter::Wild(WildMultiAsset::All);
    let b3: MultiAssetFilter = All.into();
    assert_eq!(a3, b3);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html index 41f1a10aacda..832af3248a08 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-summary.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Fundamentals

    In this chapter we explore all the fundamentals that you should understand before diving deeper into XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html index 2d116d3971ce..5ba153c3810e 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals-xcvm.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    XCVM

    We've already seen an overview of the XCVM. In this section, we'll dive deeper into how it works.

    Coming soon​

    This chapter is still being worked on.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html index 3f6631b9a7c8..9b793139949e 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Fundamentals

    Fundamental Concepts about XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html index 7ae24e43b493..cb0cd6ed9647 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-example.html @@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ - +

    Example

    In this example we show different MultiLocations for the system hierarchy in the image below. Example

    From the perspective of RelayA

    // ParaA
    let _: MultiLocation = Parachain(1000).into();
    // AccountId32 in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(1000), AccountId32 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, id: [0u8; 32]}).into();
    // Asset in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();
    // Ethereum based account on Parachain B
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(2000), AccountKey20 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, key: [0u8; 20] }).into();
    // Smart Contract
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parachain(2000), PalletInstance(1), AccountKey20 { network: RELAY_A_NETWORK, key: [0u8; 20] }).into();
    // RelayB
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, GlobalConsensus(RELAY_B_NETWORK)).into();
    // NFT on Parachain C
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, GlobalConsensus(RELAY_B_NETWORK), Parachain(1000), GeneralIndex(1)).into();

    From the perspective of Parachain C

    // Relay A
    let _: MultiLocation = Parent.into();
    // Plurality Example. Many more BodyId/BodyPart combos imaginable
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Plurality { id: BodyId::Index(0), part: BodyPart::Members { count: 10 } }).into();
    // Account in Relay
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, AccountId32 { network: None, id: [0u8; 32] }).into();

    From the perspective of the Smart Contract

    // Asset in Parachain A
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Parent, Parachain(1000), PalletInstance(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html index 33cdb2ca624c..346be0588d89 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-junctions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ relay chain from the perspective of the Polkadot relay chain as {parents: 1, interior: GlobalConsensus(Kusama)}. An example use case could be routing XCMs between global consensus networks using bridges.

    Multiple ways to create a MultiLocation​

    // Current Location
    MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: Here};
    MultiLocation::new(0, Here);
    MultiLocation::here();
    MultiLocation::default();
    let _: MultiLocation = Here.into();

    // Parent Location
    MultiLocation {parents: 1, interior: Here};
    MultiLocation::parent();
    let _: MultiLocation = Parent.into();

    // Conversion
    MultiLocation { parents: 2, interior: X2(Parachain(1), GeneralIndex(1))};
    let _: MultiLocation = (Parent, Parent, Parachain(1), GeneralIndex(1)).into();
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html index 96e1beb7bfc5..08e151deb063 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ .. are followed by some number of Junctions, all separated by /. The X1 and X2 variants are expressing the number of Junctions that we step down in the hierarchical structure (see Junctions for an explanation).

    // From: RelayA
    // To: ParaB
    // Location: Parachain(2000)
    MultiLocation {parents: 0, interior: X1(Parachain(2000))};
    // To: Account in ParaA
    // Location: Parachain(1000)/AccountId32(0x00..)
    MultiLocation {
        parents: 0,
        interior: X2(
            Parachain(1000),
            AccountId32{network: None, id: [0u8; 32]}
        )
    };

    // From: ParaB
    // To: RelayA
    // Location: ../Here
    MultiLocation {parents: 1, interior: Here};
    // To: Account in ParaA
    // Location: ../Parachain(1000)/AccountId32(0x00..)
    MultiLocation {
        parents: 1,
        interior: X2(
            Parachain(1000),
            AccountId32{network: None, id: [0u8; 32]}
        )
    };

    What's next:​

    • More information about junctions
    • More MultiLocation examples
    • Expressing assets using Multilocations: [MultiAsset][../multiasset.md]
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html index d72cafc8daa5..dad8493b37fa 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/fundamentals/multilocation.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    MultiLocation

    The MultiLocation Type.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html b/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html index a729b0256653..343ddc1d294f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/introduction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ open an issue. If you want to contribute to the format, check out the RFC process.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html index 0441af62a36e..50b50c24c067 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-assets.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ relay chain. The assets are trapped because an error is thrown and the execution is halted. Parachain A claims the trapped assets and receives a report of the holding register.

    Parachain A sends the following message to the relay chain. The message errors because of the Trap instruction, so all assets in the Holding Register are trapped.

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, 10 * CENTS).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, CENTS).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Trap(0), // <-- Errors
        DepositAsset { // <-- Not executed because of error.
            assets: All.into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into()
            }.into()
        }
    ]);

    Parachain A claims the assets, reports them to itself and deposits them in the Account of Alice.

    let claim_message = Xcm(vec![
        ClaimAsset { assets: (Here, 10 * CENTS).into(), ticket: Here.into() },
        ReportHolding {
            response_info: QueryResponseInfo {
                destination: Parachain(1).into(),
                query_id: QUERY_ID,
                max_weight: Weight::from_parts(1_000_000_000, 64*64) },
            assets: All.into()
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: All.into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into()
            }.into()
        },
    ]);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html index 6151f69ecd44..d6893aa961cf 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-channels.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ network), you would call with network: NetworkId::Kusama and destination: X1(Parachain(1000)). Alternatively, to export a message for execution on Polkadot, you would call with network: NetworkId:: Polkadot and destination: Here.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html index f47e06ce5ad9..5911e2ee9c4d 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-expectations.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ the error handler, when a specific error is thrown.

        ExpectError(Option<(u32, Error)>)

    Example​

    For the full example, check here.

    SetErrorHandler(Xcm(vec![
        ExpectError(Some((1, XcmError::VersionIncompatible))),
        ReportError(QueryResponseInfo {
            destination: Parachain(1).into(),
            query_id: QUERY_ID,
            max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
        }),
    ])),
    // Pallet index is wrong, so throws `PalletNotFound` error.
    ExpectPallet {
        index: 100,
        name: "Balances".into(),
        module_name: "pallet_balances".into(),
        crate_major: 4,
        min_crate_minor: 0,
    },

    ExpectTransactStatus​

    The ExpectTransactStatus instruction throws an ExpectationFalse error if the transact status register does not equal the expected transact status.

    Example​

    For the full example, check here. The transact status is reported to Parachain(1) if the call in the Transact errors.

    SetErrorHandler(Xcm(vec![ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo {
        destination: Parachain(1).into(),
        query_id: QUERY_ID,
        max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
    })])),
    Transact {
        origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
        require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
        call: call.encode().into(),
    },
    ExpectTransactStatus(MaybeErrorCode::Success),
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html index 26c64948acdf..b8c9f2825fdb 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-fees.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ throws an error, the error handler will be called and the weight for all the instructions that weren't executed is refunded. For the full example, check our repo.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html index ee2b71d17042..609cb5cc2314 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-holding.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ results could differ.

    The Assets in the exchange in Parachain(1). This is a custom exchange implementation just for testing purposes.

    let assets_in_exchange = vec![(Parent, 10 * CENTS).into()];
    parachain::set_exchange_assets(assets_in_exchange);

    The message that is send:

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, 10 * CENTS).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, CENTS).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        // Maximal field set to true.
        ExchangeAsset {
            give: Definite((Here, 5 * CENTS).into()),
            want: (Parent, 5 * CENTS).into(),
            maximal: true,
        },
        DepositAsset {
            assets: AllCounted(2).into(),
            beneficiary: AccountId32 {
                network: Some(parachain::RelayNetwork::get()),
                id: ALICE.into(),
            }
            .into(),
        },
    ]);

    Alice receives 5 CENTS worth of native assets (Here) and 5 CENTS worth of relay chain derivative assets (Parent).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html index cd8704f2c05f..6242cb039668 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-locks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ pallet-balances: 10.
    ParaA::execute_with(|| {
        let message = Xcm(vec![
            LockAsset { asset: (Here, 10 * CENTS).into(), unlocker: (Parachain(2)).into() },
            LockAsset { asset: (Here, 5 * CENTS).into(), unlocker: (Parachain(3)).into() },
        ]);
        assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(Here, Parent, message.clone()));
    });

    Relay::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            relay_chain::Balances::locks(&parachain_sovereign_account_id(1)),
            vec![BalanceLock { id: *b"py/xcmlk", amount: 10 * CENTS, reasons: Reasons::All }]
        );
    });
    1. Parachain B and C receive the NoteUnlockable instruction.
    ParaB::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            parachain::MsgQueue::received_dmp(),
            vec![Xcm(vec![NoteUnlockable {
                owner: (Parent, Parachain(1)).into(),
                asset: (Parent, 10 * CENTS).into()
            }])]
        );
    });

    ParaC::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            parachain::MsgQueue::received_dmp(),
            vec![Xcm(vec![NoteUnlockable {
                owner: (Parent, Parachain(1)).into(),
                asset: (Parent, 5 * CENTS).into()
            }])]
        );
    });
    1. Parachain A sends a RequestUnlock instruction to Parachain B for 8 CENTS.
    ParaA::execute_with(|| {
        let message = Xcm(vec![RequestUnlock {
            asset: (Parent, 8 * CENTS).into(),
            locker: Parent.into(),
        }]);

        assert_ok!(ParachainPalletXcm::send_xcm(Here, (Parent, Parachain(2)), message.clone()));
    });
    1. Parachain B Unlocks a part of the funds by sending an UnlockAsset to the relay chain. we check the lock in the balances-pallet. Unlockers: B, C; Funds registered in pallet-xcm: 2, 5. Lock set in pallet-balances: 5.
    Relay::execute_with(|| {
        assert_eq!(
            relay_chain::Balances::locks(&parachain_sovereign_account_id(1)),
            vec![BalanceLock { id: *b"py/xcmlk", amount: 5 * CENTS, reasons: Reasons::All }]
        );
    });
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html index 10239db8a686..0cf609047fc5 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-origin.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ for certain values of X (thereby allowing sibling chains to use the same account IDs) or Parachain(X)/ (allowing a Relay-chain to use the account IDs native to its child parachains) or just Parent/ (allowing parachains to use AccountIds of the Relay-chain).

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html index 64250ad9af00..4b18df3f5adc 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-queries.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ specified destination.

    ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo)

    Example​

    For the full example, check here. Dispatches a call on the consensus system receiving this Xcm and reports back the status of the Transact Status Register.

    Xcm(vec![
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: remark.encode().into(),
        },
        ReportTransactStatus(QueryResponseInfo {
            destination: Parachain(1).into(),
            query_id: QUERY_ID,
            max_weight: Weight::from_all(0),
        }),
    ]);
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html index 37ce59885216..f2a2a02d9444 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-register.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ and error handler instruction are executed. These instructions are executed regardless of whether an error occurred.

    ClearError​

    ClearError

    The ClearError instruction clears the Error Register by setting it to None.

    ClearTransactStatus​

    ClearTransactStatus

    The ClearTransactStatus instruction sets the Transact Status Register to its default, cleared, value.

    SetTopic​

    SetTopic([u8; 32])

    The SetTopic instruction sets the Topic Register.

    ClearTopic​

    ClearTopic

    The ClearTopic instruction clears the Topic Register.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html index 397d5ff5ab83..0a49d2a15b60 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@

    A Journey through XCM

    This section will be a step-by-step, practical introduction to all the features XCM has. We'll create XCMs for a variety of use cases, learning about all the instructions available to us along the way. Let's step right in.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html index 794f17f76b8f..6db63d6ebfbd 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-transact.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Parachain(1). This function requires the origin to be root. We enable the root origin for the relay chain by setting ParentAsSuperuser for the OriginConverter config type.

    let call = parachain::RuntimeCall::Balances(
        pallet_balances::Call::<parachain::Runtime>::set_balance {
            who: ALICE,
            new_free: 5 * AMOUNT,
            new_reserved: 0,
        },
    );

    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, AMOUNT).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, AMOUNT).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::Superuser,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: call.encode().into(),
        },
    ]);

    Example 2​

    For the full example, check the repo.

    In this example, as Parachain(1), we create an NFT collection on the relay chain and we then mint an NFT with ID 1. The admin for the nft collection is parachain(1). The call looks as follows:

    let create_collection = relay_chain::RuntimeCall::Uniques(
        pallet_uniques::Call::<relay_chain::Runtime>::create {
            collection: 1u32,
            admin: parachain_sovereign_account_id(1),
        }
    );

    The owner of the NFT is Alice. The nft mint call looks as follows:

    let mint = relay_chain::RuntimeCall::Uniques(
        pallet_uniques::Call::<relay_chain::Runtime>::mint {
            collection: 1u32,
            item: 1u32,
            owner: ALICE,
        }
    );

    The xcm message contains the following instructions:

    1. Withdraw native assets from the Parachain(1)'s sovereign account.
    2. Buy weight with these assets.
    3. Create a collection with as admin and owner the sovereign account of Parachain(1).
    4. Mints an NFT in the collection with item ID 1 and as owner Alice.
    let message = Xcm(vec![
        WithdrawAsset((Here, AMOUNT).into()),
        BuyExecution { fees: (Here, AMOUNT).into(), weight_limit: WeightLimit::Unlimited },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: create_collection.encode().into(),
        },
        Transact {
            origin_kind: OriginKind::SovereignAccount,
            require_weight_at_most: Weight::from_parts(INITIAL_BALANCE as u64, 1024 * 1024),
            call: mint.encode().into(),
        },
    ]);

    Next:​

    Check out the following instructions that interact with the Transact Status Register:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html index db4e7cfb77f7..b4bc32024bab 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey-version.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ send back its currently AdvertisedVersion and will keep the subscribed location up to date when the version changes. The subscribed location can unsubscribe to version changes by sending the UnsubscribeVersion instruction.

    SubscribeVersion {
        #[codec(compact)]
        query_id: QueryId,
        max_response_weight: Weight,
    }

    UnsubscribeVersion

    Check out the example.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html index 609ba2507a20..e1b6a604babe 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    A Journey through XCM

    A Practical Introduction to the XCM Features.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html index c80c4912a2d4..4d9c8267c79b 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-reserve.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ It's the sender the one who doesn't need to trust the destination, since it'll ever only be minting derivatives anyway, the sender/reserve controls the real assets and issuance.

    Next steps​

    Next, we'll talk about a very important topic we mentioned before but skipped in this chapter, paying fees for the effects our XCMs have.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html index e1f3a8cea736..67c1b446025e 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ paying for execution and depositing the rest to another account on the same system. The full example can be seen in the repo.

    Transferring between systems​

    But what if you want to make a transfer from one system to another? There are two ways of doing this:

    • Asset teleportation
    • Reserve-backed transfers

    We'll be discussing both in the following chapters.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html index c5f60440fa72..95d3d46f17af 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers-teleport.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ another system. We could do so with the following program:

    let message = Xcm(vec![
      WithdrawAsset((GeneralIndex(1), 42u32).into()),
      InitiateTeleport {
        assets: All.into(),
        dest: Parachain(1).into(),
        xcm: Xcm(vec![DepositAsset {
          assets: All.into(),
          beneficiary: Junction::AccountId32 {
            id: ALICE.into(),
            network: None,
          }.into()
        }]),
      },
    ]);

    Very little changes, in fact, only the MultiAsset we're referencing changes, like we would expect. All the teleportation logic stays the same. The example assumes an NFT with index 42 inside a collection with index 1.

    Next steps​

    We'll look at reserve-backed transfers next.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html index 8750f0f19d84..8c2aa79e3145 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/journey/transfers.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Transfers

    Transferring Assets between Consensus Systems with XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html index b0ac5f3e0d3e..0d05e941c90f 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-architecture.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ about later. It's the glue between XCM and FRAME, which is highly used in the Polkadot ecosystem.

    Simulator​

    The simulator allows for testing XCMs fast, without needing to boot up several different nodes in a network, or test in production. It's a very useful tool which we'll use throughout this document to build and test different XCMs.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html index 046ab77e1a9a..8a681a3f93e3 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-format.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ changes. XCM communicates intentions; the actual interpretation and behaviour of each instruction in an XCM is defined by target's XCVM implementation.

    Both simple and more complex scenarios can be expressed, and developers are encouraged to design and implement diverse cross-consensus communication solutions.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html index 048f7db4a975..a1fc26ad2ba3 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-intro.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ propose changes, which end up in newer versions, the current one being v3. To keep up with the development of the format, or to propose changes, go to the XCM format repository.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html index 17466a9fe7fd..dc637b74401c 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ interactions between them. XCM is meant to be used by developers to package these interactions into their runtime logic before exposing that functionality to end users.

    This chapter will cover what XCM is, what it isn't, and why it matters before exploring the different components that make up the XCM ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html index 2553764aaa99..cd3f45594386 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview-xcvm.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ putting them in and taking them from this register. This register is used by several of the instructions we will look at later, including DepositAsset and WithdrawAsset.

    For more information on other registers, see the All XCVM Registers section.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html b/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html index 0c37efd88c69..ef8caaee567a 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/overview.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Overview

    Overview of the XCM Documentation.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html index 8a827038d156..bb407816f2ee 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-first-look.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ examples for every instruction in the journey through XCM chapter. First, it's important to learn the fundamentals, MultiLocation, MultiAsset, and other concepts in XCM. We'll talk about those next.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html index 16a1af8ef0e0..eef604944fbb 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-simulator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ actually test your XCM-powered solution. We'll get into tools and best practices for testing in the testing chapter.

    We'll use the simulator throughout the documentation to show different XCMs in action. In the next section we will take a first look at an XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html index d29e3a5f2813..a228a4b338e4 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart-summary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ installation guide.

    Running the Examples​

    All examples in the documentation are located in the repository. Follow these steps to run the first-look example. First clone the repository:

    git clone git@github.com:paritytech/xcm-docs.git
    cd xcm-docs/examples

    To run the first-look example, run the following line:

    cargo test -p xcm-examples para_a_simple_transfer -- --nocapture

    It should show you the following output:

    running 1 test
    test first_look::tests::para_a_simple_transfer ... ok

    test result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 ignored; 0 measured; 1 filtered out; finished in 0.01s
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html index 6d07319ec44f..ef4d3b1f51f0 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/quickstart.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Quickstart

    Start Diving into XCM.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html index ce9717eeb7b5..8085cbdc4d34 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-glossary.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ through the relay chain.

    HRMP (Horizontal Message Passing)​

    Transport-layer protocol that allows a parachain to send messages to a sibling parachain going through the relay chain. It's a precursor to XCMP, also known as XCMP-lite. It uses a mixture of UMP and VMP.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html index db83423d5ab5..f71ba543c9d8 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/reference-xcvm-registers.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/references.html b/docs/learn/xcm/references.html index 792252c69db9..53a6f92df241 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/references.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/references.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    References

    References.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html b/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html index 845b158be760..25e5a5456689 100644 --- a/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html +++ b/docs/learn/xcm/testing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ messaging infrastructure as live networks, as the transport mechanism is being mocked out. Also, consensus related events are not tested, like disputes, staking and iamonline events. To test for these events, parachains can use E2E tests.

    End-to-End testing​

    There are two frameworks being used in the ecosystem to do e2e testing:

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/ledger.html b/docs/ledger.html index 1449de924745..b43be00c1cf0 100644 --- a/docs/ledger.html +++ b/docs/ledger.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ automatically detect the developer release and give the option to install the previous stable release.
    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about Ledger.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-bootnode.html b/docs/maintain-bootnode.html index bb334584b040..7c94da97ebad 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-bootnode.html +++ b/docs/maintain-bootnode.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ port 30311:

    /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/dot-bootnode

    server {
           listen       30312 ssl http2 default_server;
           server_name  dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io;
           root         /var/www/html;

           ssl_certificate "<your_cert";
           ssl_certificate_key "<your_key>";

           location / {
             proxy_buffers 16 4k;
             proxy_buffer_size 2k;
             proxy_pass http://localhost:30311;
             proxy_http_version 1.1;
             proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
             proxy_set_header Connection "Upgrade";
             proxy_set_header Host $host;
       }

    }

    Testing Bootnode Connection​

    If we have the above node running with DNS name dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io, proxied with a valid certificate and node-id 12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg then the following commands should give you a: "syncing 1 peers".

    tip

    You can add -lsub-libp2p=trace on the end to get libp2p trace logging for debugging purposes.

    p2p:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30310/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks

    p2p/ws:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30311/ws/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks

    p2p/wss:

    polkadot --chain polkadot --base-path /tmp/node --name "Bootnode testnode" --reserved-only --reserved-nodes "/dns/dot-bootnode.stakeworld.io/tcp/30312/wss/p2p/12D3KooWAb5MyC1UJiEQJk4Hg4B2Vi3AJdqSUhTGYUqSnEqCFMFg" --no-hardware-benchmarks
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-endpoints.html b/docs/maintain-endpoints.html index 166581060c89..35322d2fadf7 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-endpoints.html +++ b/docs/maintain-endpoints.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ provide additional services such as higher rate limits, potentially more reliable and scalable service, and additional metrics.

    note

    The list of third party RPC endpoints above for Polkadot and Kusama is directly fetched from Polkdot-JS UI

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-errors.html b/docs/maintain-errors.html index c9f94de687ac..1f27553245af 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-errors.html +++ b/docs/maintain-errors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ will wait to be executed at the correct place in the nonce sequence OR it will get discarded due to some other error (ex. the validity period expires).*

    Error Table​

    The below table is a reference to the errors that exists in Polkadot. It is generated from the runtime's metadata.

    PalletErrorDocumentation
    System (0)
    InvalidSpecName (0)The name of specification does not match between the current runtime and the new runtime.
    SpecVersionNeedsToIncrease (1)The specification version is not allowed to decrease between the current runtime and the new runtime.
    FailedToExtractRuntimeVersion (2)Failed to extract the runtime version from the new runtime. Either calling Core_version or decoding RuntimeVersion failed.
    NonDefaultComposite (3)Suicide called when the account has non-default composite data.
    NonZeroRefCount (4)There is a non-zero reference count preventing the account from being purged.
    Scheduler (1)
    FailedToSchedule (0)Failed to schedule a call
    NotFound (1)Cannot find the scheduled call.
    TargetBlockNumberInPast (2)Given target block number is in the past.
    RescheduleNoChange (3)Reschedule failed because it does not change scheduled time.
    Balances (5)
    VestingBalance (0)Vesting balance too high to send value
    LiquidityRestrictions (1)Account liquidity restrictions prevent withdrawal
    Overflow (2)Got an overflow after adding
    InsufficientBalance (3)Balance too low to send value
    ExistentialDeposit (4)Value too low to create account due to existential deposit
    KeepAlive (5)Transfer/payment would kill account
    ExistingVestingSchedule (6)A vesting schedule already exists for this account
    DeadAccount (7)Beneficiary account must pre-exist
    Authorship (6)
    InvalidUncleParent (0)The uncle parent not in the chain.
    UnclesAlreadySet (1)Uncles already set in the block.
    TooManyUncles (2)Too many uncles.
    GenesisUncle (3)The uncle is genesis.
    TooHighUncle (4)The uncle is too high in chain.
    UncleAlreadyIncluded (5)The uncle is already included.
    OldUncle (6)The uncle isn't recent enough to be included.
    Staking (7)
    NotController (0)Not a controller account.
    NotStash (1)Not a stash account.
    AlreadyBonded (2)Stash is already bonded.
    AlreadyPaired (3)Controller is already paired.
    EmptyTargets (4)Targets cannot be empty.
    DuplicateIndex (5)Duplicate index.
    InvalidSlashIndex (6)Slash record index out of bounds.
    InsufficientValue (7)Can not bond with value less than minimum balance.
    NoMoreChunks (8)Can not schedule more unlock chunks.
    NoUnlockChunk (9)Can not rebond without unlocking chunks.
    FundedTarget (10)Attempting to target a stash that still has funds.
    InvalidEraToReward (11)Invalid era to reward.
    InvalidNumberOfNominations (12)Invalid number of nominations.
    NotSortedAndUnique (13)Items are not sorted and unique.
    AlreadyClaimed (14)Rewards for this era have already been claimed for this validator.
    OffchainElectionEarlySubmission (15)The submitted result is received out of the open window.
    OffchainElectionWeakSubmission (16)The submitted result is not as good as the one stored on chain.
    SnapshotUnavailable (17)The snapshot data of the current window is missing.
    OffchainElectionBogusWinnerCount (18)Incorrect number of winners were presented.
    OffchainElectionBogusWinner (19)One of the submitted winners is not an active candidate on chain (index is out of range in snapshot).
    OffchainElectionBogusCompact (20)Error while building the assignment type from the compact. This can happen if an index is invalid, or if the weights overflow.
    OffchainElectionBogusNominator (21)One of the submitted nominators is not an active nominator on chain.
    OffchainElectionBogusNomination (22)One of the submitted nominators has an edge to which they have not voted on chain.
    OffchainElectionSlashedNomination (23)One of the submitted nominators has an edge which is submitted before the last non-zero slash of the target.
    OffchainElectionBogusSelfVote (24)A self vote must only be originated from a validator to ONLY themselves.
    OffchainElectionBogusEdge (25)The submitted result has unknown edges that are not among the presented winners.
    OffchainElectionBogusScore (26)The claimed score does not match with the one computed from the data.
    OffchainElectionBogusElectionSize (27)The election size is invalid.
    CallNotAllowed (28)The call is not allowed at the given time due to restrictions of election period.
    IncorrectHistoryDepth (29)Incorrect previous history depth input provided.
    IncorrectSlashingSpans (30)Incorrect number of slashing spans provided.
    Session (9)
    InvalidProof (0)Invalid ownership proof.
    NoAssociatedValidatorId (1)No associated validator ID for account.
    DuplicatedKey (2)Registered duplicate key.
    NoKeys (3)No keys are associated with this account.
    Grandpa (11)
    PauseFailed (0)Attempt to signal GRANDPA pause when the authority set isn't live (either paused or already pending pause).
    ResumeFailed (1)Attempt to signal GRANDPA resume when the authority set isn't paused (either live or already pending resume).
    ChangePending (2)Attempt to signal GRANDPA change with one already pending.
    TooSoon (3)Cannot signal forced change so soon after last.
    InvalidKeyOwnershipProof (4)A key ownership proof provided as part of an equivocation report is invalid.
    InvalidEquivocationProof (5)An equivocation proof provided as part of an equivocation report is invalid.
    DuplicateOffenceReport (6)A given equivocation report is valid but already previously reported.
    ImOnline (12)
    InvalidKey (0)Non existent public key.
    DuplicatedHeartbeat (1)Duplicated heartbeat.
    Democracy (14)
    ValueLow (0)Value too low
    ProposalMissing (1)Proposal does not exist
    BadIndex (2)Unknown index
    AlreadyCanceled (3)Cannot cancel the same proposal twice
    DuplicateProposal (4)Proposal already made
    ProposalBlacklisted (5)Proposal still blacklisted
    NotSimpleMajority (6)Next external proposal not simple majority
    InvalidHash (7)Invalid hash
    NoProposal (8)No external proposal
    AlreadyVetoed (9)Identity may not veto a proposal twice
    NotDelegated (10)Not delegated
    DuplicatePreimage (11)Preimage already noted
    NotImminent (12)Not imminent
    TooEarly (13)Too early
    Imminent (14)Imminent
    PreimageMissing (15)Preimage not found
    ReferendumInvalid (16)Vote given for invalid referendum
    PreimageInvalid (17)Invalid preimage
    NoneWaiting (18)No proposals waiting
    NotLocked (19)The target account does not have a lock.
    NotExpired (20)The lock on the account to be unlocked has not yet expired.
    NotVoter (21)The given account did not vote on the referendum.
    NoPermission (22)The actor has no permission to conduct the action.
    AlreadyDelegating (23)The account is already delegating.
    Overflow (24)An unexpected integer overflow occurred.
    Underflow (25)An unexpected integer underflow occurred.
    InsufficientFunds (26)Too high a balance was provided that the account cannot afford.
    NotDelegating (27)The account is not currently delegating.
    VotesExist (28)The account currently has votes attached to it and the operation cannot succeed until these are removed, either through unvote or reap_vote.
    InstantNotAllowed (29)The instant referendum origin is currently disallowed.
    Nonsense (30)Delegation to oneself makes no sense.
    WrongUpperBound (31)Invalid upper bound.
    MaxVotesReached (32)Maximum number of votes reached.
    InvalidWitness (33)The provided witness data is wrong.
    TooManyProposals (34)Maximum number of proposals reached.
    Council (15)
    NotMember (0)Account is not a member
    DuplicateProposal (1)Duplicate proposals not allowed
    ProposalMissing (2)Proposal must exist
    WrongIndex (3)Mismatched index
    DuplicateVote (4)Duplicate vote ignored
    AlreadyInitialized (5)Members are already initialized!
    TooEarly (6)The close call was made too early, before the end of the voting.
    TooManyProposals (7)There can only be a maximum of MaxProposals active proposals.
    WrongProposalWeight (8)The given weight bound for the proposal was too low.
    WrongProposalLength (9)The given length bound for the proposal was too low.
    TechnicalCommittee (16)
    NotMember (0)Account is not a member
    DuplicateProposal (1)Duplicate proposals not allowed
    ProposalMissing (2)Proposal must exist
    WrongIndex (3)Mismatched index
    DuplicateVote (4)Duplicate vote ignored
    AlreadyInitialized (5)Members are already initialized!
    TooEarly (6)The close call was made too early, before the end of the voting.
    TooManyProposals (7)There can only be a maximum of MaxProposals active proposals.
    WrongProposalWeight (8)The given weight bound for the proposal was too low.
    WrongProposalLength (9)The given length bound for the proposal was too low.
    ElectionsPhragmen (17)
    UnableToVote (0)Cannot vote when no candidates or members exist.
    NoVotes (1)Must vote for at least one candidate.
    TooManyVotes (2)Cannot vote more than candidates.
    MaximumVotesExceeded (3)Cannot vote more than maximum allowed.
    LowBalance (4)Cannot vote with stake less than minimum balance.
    UnableToPayBond (5)Voter can not pay voting bond.
    MustBeVoter (6)Must be a voter.
    ReportSelf (7)Cannot report self.
    DuplicatedCandidate (8)Duplicated candidate submission.
    MemberSubmit (9)Member cannot re-submit candidacy.
    RunnerSubmit (10)Runner cannot re-submit candidacy.
    InsufficientCandidateFunds (11)Candidate does not have enough funds.
    NotMember (12)Not a member.
    InvalidCandidateCount (13)The provided count of number of candidates is incorrect.
    InvalidVoteCount (14)The provided count of number of votes is incorrect.
    InvalidRenouncing (15)The renouncing origin presented a wrong Renouncing parameter.
    InvalidReplacement (16)Prediction regarding replacement after member removal is wrong.
    Treasury (19)
    InsufficientProposersBalance (0)Proposer's balance is too low.
    InvalidIndex (1)No proposal or bounty at that index.
    ReasonTooBig (2)The reason given is just too big.
    AlreadyKnown (3)The tip was already found/started.
    UnknownTip (4)The tip hash is unknown.
    NotFinder (5)The account attempting to retract the tip is not the finder of the tip.
    StillOpen (6)The tip cannot be claimed/closed because there are not enough tippers yet.
    Premature (7)The tip cannot be claimed/closed because it's still in the countdown period.
    UnexpectedStatus (8)The bounty status is unexpected.
    RequireCurator (9)Require bounty curator.
    InvalidValue (10)Invalid bounty value.
    InvalidFee (11)Invalid bounty fee.
    PendingPayout (12)A bounty payout is pending. To cancel the bounty, you must unassign and slash the curator.
    Claims (24)
    InvalidEthereumSignature (0)Invalid Ethereum signature.
    SignerHasNoClaim (1)Ethereum address has no claim.
    SenderHasNoClaim (2)Account ID sending tx has no claim.
    PotUnderflow (3)There's not enough in the pot to pay out some unvested amount. Generally implies a logic error.
    InvalidStatement (4)A needed statement was not included.
    VestedBalanceExists (5)The account already has a vested balance.
    Vesting (25)
    NotVesting (0)The account given is not vesting.
    ExistingVestingSchedule (1)An existing vesting schedule already exists for this account that cannot be clobbered.
    AmountLow (2)Amount being transferred is too low to create a vesting schedule.
    Identity (28)
    TooManySubAccounts (0)Too many subs-accounts.
    NotFound (1)Account isn't found.
    NotNamed (2)Account isn't named.
    EmptyIndex (3)Empty index.
    FeeChanged (4)Fee is changed.
    NoIdentity (5)No identity found.
    StickyJudgement (6)Sticky judgement.
    JudgementGiven (7)Judgement given.
    InvalidJudgement (8)Invalid judgement.
    InvalidIndex (9)The index is invalid.
    InvalidTarget (10)The target is invalid.
    TooManyFields (11)Too many additional fields.
    TooManyRegistrars (12)Maximum amount of registrars reached. Cannot add any more.
    AlreadyClaimed (13)Account ID is already named.
    NotSub (14)Sender is not a sub-account.
    NotOwned (15)Sub-account isn't owned by sender.
    Proxy (29)
    TooMany (0)There are too many proxies registered or too many announcements pending.
    NotFound (1)Proxy registration not found.
    NotProxy (2)Sender is not a proxy of the account to be proxied.
    Unproxyable (3)A call which is incompatible with the proxy type's filter was attempted.
    Duplicate (4)Account is already a proxy.
    NoPermission (5)Call may not be made by proxy because it may escalate its privileges.
    Unannounced (6)Announcement, if made at all, was made too recently.
    Multisig (30)
    MinimumThreshold (0)Threshold must be 2 or greater.
    AlreadyApproved (1)Call is already approved by this signatory.
    NoApprovalsNeeded (2)Call doesn't need any (more) approvals.
    TooFewSignatories (3)There are too few signatories in the list.
    TooManySignatories (4)There are too many signatories in the list.
    SignatoriesOutOfOrder (5)The signatories were provided out of order; they should be ordered.
    SenderInSignatories (6)The sender was contained in the other signatories; it shouldn't be.
    NotFound (7)Multisig operation not found when attempting to cancel.
    NotOwner (8)Only the account that originally created the multisig is able to cancel it.
    NoTimepoint (9)No timepoint was given, yet the multisig operation is already underway.
    WrongTimepoint (10)A different timepoint was given to the multisig operation that is underway.
    UnexpectedTimepoint (11)A timepoint was given, yet no multisig operation is underway.
    WeightTooLow (12)The maximum weight information provided was too low.
    AlreadyStored (13)The data to be stored is already stored.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html b/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html index ac4faddbdedc..4eb0cf61720a 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-async-backing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Relay block number is kept track of by each parachain in pallet-parachain-system with the storage value LastRelayChainBlockNumber. This value can be obtained and used wherever timing based on block number is needed.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html b/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html index 0e874e5155b0..738d3efcfbb1 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-avoid-slashing.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ obtain pristine binaries or source code and to ensure the security of their node:

    1. Always download either source files or binaries from the official Parity repository
    2. Verify the hash of downloaded files.
    3. Use the W3F secure validator setup or adhere to its principles
    4. Ensure essential security items are checked, use a firewall, manage user access, use SSH certificates
    5. Avoid using your server as a general-purpose system. Hosting a validator on your workstation or one that hosts other services increases the risk of maleficence.

    Examples​

    NetworkEraEvent TypeDetailsAction Taken
    Polkadot774Small EquivocationThe validator migrated servers and cloned the keystore folder. The on-chain event can be viewed here.The validator did not submit a request for the slash to be canceled.
    Kusama3329Small EquivocationThe validator operated a test machine with cloned keys; the test machine was online at the same time as the primary, which resulted in a slash. Details can be found here.The validator requested a cancellation of the slash, but the council declined.
    Kusama3995Small EquivocationThe validator noticed several errors, after which the client crashed, and a slash was applied. The validator recorded all events and opened GitHub issues to allow for technical opinions to be shared. Details can be found here.The validator requested to cancel the slash. The council approved the request as they believed the error was not operator related.
    Kusama4543Medium UnresponsivenessA large amount of disputes flooded the network resulting in an application fault. The fault caused the client software to hang and as a result ~197 unique validators become unresponsive. Further details can be found here.The pending slash was cancelled and with runtime 9350 all lost nominations were restored. The application bug was addressed with client version 0.9.36
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html b/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html index e0da9a018b87..b43f11756338 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-democracy.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ a decimal integer. The bitfield stores both the conviction and aye/nay boolean, where the boolean is represented using the MSB of the byte. This would mean that the grouping of the 7 remaining bits is used to store the conviction.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html index 5328645db332..fef2d46c5752 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-chill.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ Polkadot is set to None eliminating the upper bound on the number of nominators on the network. Due to this, the chillOther extrinsic on Polkadot network has no effect as the chill threshold will never be met.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html index 5f8686d2a68e..aeaa8170e55a 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-join-council.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ the row "Members".

    council members list

    Now you are able to participate on the council by making motions or voting proposals. To join in on the active discussions, join the Polkadot Direction channel.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html index 3538816d01de..544b8089934f 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-monitor-your-node.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ here. There are other interesting alerts you may find useful here.

    groups:
      - name: alert_rules
        rules:
          - alert: InstanceDown
            expr: up == 0
            for: 5m
            labels:
              severity: critical
            annotations:
              summary: "Instance [{{ $labels.instance }}] down"
              description: "[{{ $labels.instance }}] of job [{{ $labels.job }}] has been down for more than 1 minute."

    Change the ownership of this file to prometheus instead of root by running:

    sudo chown prometheus:prometheus rules.yml

    To check the rules defined in the "rules.yml" is syntactically correct, run the following command:

    sudo -u prometheus promtool check rules rules.yml

    Finally, restart everything by running:

    sudo systemctl restart prometheus && sudo systemctl restart alertmanager

    Now if one of your target instances down, you will receive an alert on the AlertManager and Gmail like below.

    grafana-am-6

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html index 9e4429c79435..f1838195b3cb 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ Polkascan. Also, you can verify the bonding state under the Staking page on the Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

    Step 3. Nominate a validator​

    To nominate a validator, you can execute the following command:

    polkadot-js-api --seed "MNEMONIC_PHRASE" tx.staking.nominate '["VALIDATOR_ADDRESS"]' --ws WS_ENDPOINT
    polkadot-js-api --seed "xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx" tx.staking.nominate '["CmD9vaMYoiKe7HiFnfkftwvhKbxN9bhyjcDrfFRGbifJEG8","E457XaKbj2yTB2URy8N4UuzmyuFRkcdxYs67UvSgVr7HyFb"]' --ws wss://kusama-rpc.polkadot.io/

    After a few seconds, you should see the hash of the transaction and if you would like to verify the nomination status, you can check that on the Polkadot-JS UI as well.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html index 9da295be8fcd..bf4114515043 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-nominate-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Polkascan. Also, you can verify the bonding state under the Staking page on the Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

    Step 3. Nominate a validator​

    To nominate a validator, you can execute the following command:

    polkadot-js-api --seed "MNEMONIC_PHRASE" tx.staking.nominate '["VALIDATOR_ADDRESS"]' --ws WS_ENDPOINT
    polkadot-js-api --seed "xxxx xxxxx xxxx xxxxx" tx.staking.nominate '["CmD9vaMYoiKe7HiFnfkftwvhKbxN9bhyjcDrfFRGbifJEG8","E457XaKbj2yTB2URy8N4UuzmyuFRkcdxYs67UvSgVr7HyFb"]' --ws wss://rpc.polkadot.io

    After a few seconds, you should see the hash of the transaction, and if you would like to verify the nomination status, you can check that on the Polkadot-JS UI as well.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html index 07980842f725..66e5c4e2c979 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-stop-validating.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ transfer your tokens.

    See Unbonding and Rebonding for more details.

    Unbond your tokens​

    Unbonding your tokens can be done through the Network > Staking > Account actions page in PolkadotJS Apps by clicking the corresponding stash account dropdown and selecting "Unbond funds". This can also be done through the staking.unbond() extrinsic with the staking proxy account.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html index 68012fafe9c1..6ce26b8a82e4 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-systemd.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ not recognize votes that didn't make it to disk, and will then cast conflicting votes. Delaying the restart will allow the network to progress past potentially conflicting votes, at which point other nodes will not accept them.

    To enable this to autostart on bootup run:

    systemctl enable polkadot-validator.service

    Start it manually with:

    systemctl start polkadot-validator.service

    You can check that it's working with:

    systemctl status polkadot-validator.service

    You can tail the logs with journalctl like so:

    journalctl -f -u polkadot-validator
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html index 864aa613eb4d..f27c198bc88e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-upgrade.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Validator A.
  • Take note of the Session that this extrinsic was executed in.

    • Again, it is imperative that Validator B is kept running until the current session finishes and two further full sessions have elapsed.

    Once this time has elapsed, Validator A will take over. You can safely stop Validator B.

    NOTE: To verify that the Session has changed, make sure that a block in the new Session is finalized. You should see log messages like the ones below to confirm the change:

    2019-10-28 21:44:13 Applying authority set change scheduled at block #450092
    2019-10-28 21:44:13 Applying GRANDPA set change to new set with 20 authorities
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html index 935a239b4df5..f009ef95dba3 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ validator payout document.

    Run a Kusama Validator​

    Running a validator on the Kusama network is identical to running a Polkadot validator. Check out the Polkadot guide on how to setup a validator.

    Make sure to adjust the Polkadot guide to run a Kusama network validator (the instructions will also be available in the Polkadot Validator guide):

    • When starting the node pass --chain=kusama CLI flag
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html index 51a1ae7330d3..61529c71e5b3 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-validate-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ instance, Digital Ocean lists "Mining of Cryptocurrencies" under the Network Abuse section of their Acceptable Use Policy and requires explicit permission to do so. This may extend to other cryptocurrency activity.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html index c62e31707316..4e17d05be8b0 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-how-to-vote-councillor.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Polkadot-JS Apps Dashboard.

    Under the "Council overview" tab, click on "Vote".

    polkadotjs_removeVoter

    Issue the "Unvote all" option.

    When the transaction is included in a block you should have your reserved tokens made liquid again and your vote will no longer be counting for any councillors in the elections starting in the next term.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html b/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html index 991e23b78ce8..914069f47496 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-secure-validator.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ hardware. The provisioning of the validator machine should be automated and defined in code. This code should be kept in private version control, reviewed, audited, and tested.

  • Session keys should be generated and provided in a secure way.

  • Polkadot should be started at boot and restarted if stopped for any reason (supervisor process).

  • Polkadot should run as a non-root user.

    • Monitoring​

    • There should be an on-call rotation for managing the alerts.

    • There should be a clear protocol with actions to perform for each level of each alert and an escalation policy.

    Resources​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html b/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html index 37c9f13331ec..a673b1666474 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-society-kusama.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ extrinsic's parameters go to Element 1 ("proposal") -> "value" -> "params" -> Element 2 ("rules") and copy the value corresponding to the key "value". You can use a hex-to-UTF8 converter to then display the text. Note that the text is formatted with Markdown.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html index 62b78df1a36b..ae002d13a01d 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-community.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ monitoring, observability services, staking dashboards, wallets, command-line utilities, or porting implementations to other languages. Additionally, this may also be eligible to be funded via a Web3 Foundation Grant.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html index 4f2006cecfa1..df73cd3f0337 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html +++ b/docs/maintain-guides-validator-payout.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ brackets ([]) next to each validator. Note that since the validator payment is public knowledge, having a low or non-existent validator payment may attract more stake from nominators, since they know they will receive a larger reward.

    Validator Set Size (v): 4
    Validator 1 Stake (v1) [20% commission]: 18 DOT (9 validator, 9 nominator)
    Validator 2 Stake (v2) [40% commission]:  9 DOT (3 validator, 6 nominator)
    Validator 3 Stake (v3) [10% commission]:  8 DOT (4 validator, 4 nominator)
    Validator 4 Stake (v4) [ 0% commission]:  6 DOT (1 validator, 5 nominator)
    Payout (p): 8 DOT

    Payout for each validator (v1 - v4):
    p / v = 8 / 4 = 2 DOT

    v1:
    (0.2 * 2) = 0.4 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.4) = 1.6 -> shared between all stake
    (9 / 18) * 1.6 = 0.8 -> validator stake share
    (9 / 18) * 1.6 = 0.8 -> nominator stake share
    v1 validator total reward: 0.4 + 0.8 = 1.2 DOT
    v1 nominator reward: 0.8 DOT

    v2:
    (0.4 * 2) = 0.8 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.8) = 1.2 -> shared between all stake
    (3 / 9) * 1.2 = 0.4 -> validator stake share
    (6 / 9) * 1.2 = 0.8 -> nominator stake share
    v2 validator total reward: 0.8 + 0.4 = 1.2 DOT
    v2 nominator reward: 0.8 DOT

    v3:
    (0.1 * 2) = 0.2 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0.2) = 1.8 -> shared between all stake
    (4 / 8) * 1.8 = 0.9 -> validator stake share
    (4 / 8) * 1.8 = 0.9 -> nominator stake share
    v3 validator total reward: 0.2 + 0.9 DOT = 1.1 DOT
    v3 nominator reward: 0.9 DOT

    v4:
    (0 * 2) = 0 DOT -> validator payment
    (2 - 0) = 2.0 -> shared between all stake
    (1 / 6) * 2 = 0.33 -> validator stake share
    (5 / 6) * 2 = 1.67 -> nominator stake share
    v4 validator total reward: 0 + 0.33 DOT = 0.33 DOT
    v4 nominator reward: 1.67 DOT
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-index.html b/docs/maintain-index.html index aab9c476a210..7a1501116f8e 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-index.html +++ b/docs/maintain-index.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ participate in governance.
  • How to join the Council - Step by step guide for running for the Council.
  • How to vote for a Councillor - Step by step guide for voting for your favorite councillors.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-networks.html b/docs/maintain-networks.html index a909b5fecb44..8ca9f5c907f7 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-networks.html +++ b/docs/maintain-networks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ the public Telemetry service.

    You can verify that your node is connected by navigating to the correct network on the dashboard and finding the name of your node.

    There is a built-in search function on the nodes page. Simply start typing keystrokes in the main window to make it available.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html b/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html index d5002f193b1f..f33c8068814f 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html +++ b/docs/maintain-polkadot-parameters.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ 16.

    PolkadotTimeSlotsDescription
    Term duration1 Day14_400The time for which a validator is in the set after being elected. Note, this duration can be shortened in the case that a validator misbehaves.
    Nomination period1 Day14_400How often a new validator set is elected according to Phragmén's method.
    Bonding duration28 days403_200How long until your funds will be transferrable after unbonding. Note that the bonding duration is defined in eras, not directly by slots.
    Slash defer duration28 days403_200Prevents overslashing and validators "escaping" and getting their nominators slashed with no repercussions to themselves. Note that the bonding duration is defined in eras, not directly by slots.

    Parachains​

    Crowdloans and AuctionsTimeSlotsDescription
    Auction duration7 days100_800The total duration of the slot auction, subject to the candle auction mechanism.
    Opening period2 days28_800The opening period of the slot auction.
    Ending period5 days72_000The ending period of the slot auction.
    Parachain SlotTimeSlotsDescription
    Lease period12 weeks1_209_600The length of one lease period in a parachain slot.
    Total slot duration2 years10_512_000The maximum duration a parachain can lease by winning a slot auction (8 lease periods).

    Treasury​

    TreasuryTimeSlotsDescription
    Periods between spends24 days345_600When the treasury can spend again after spending previously.

    Burn percentage is currently 1.00%.

    Precision​

    DOT have 10 decimals of precision. In other words, 10 ** 10 (10_000_000_000 or ten billion) Plancks make up a DOT.

    The denomination of DOT was changed from 12 decimals of precision at block #1,248,328 in an event known as Denomination Day. See Redenomination for details.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-rpc.html b/docs/maintain-rpc.html index 60c3c00baaf8..9371ecf0c524 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-rpc.html +++ b/docs/maintain-rpc.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ node. Activate the "Development" toggle and input your node's address - either the domain or the IP address. Remember to prefix with wss://, and if you're using the 443 port, append :443 like so: wss://example.com:443.

    A sync-in-progress chain connected to Polkadot-JS UI

    Now you have a secure remote connect setup for your Substrate node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-sync.html b/docs/maintain-sync.html index 13a5d821faca..13d43bb5e073 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-sync.html +++ b/docs/maintain-sync.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ on localhost by default. If you would like to connect to your node's services (rpc, and prometheus) you need to ensure that you run you node with the --rpc-external, and --prometheus-external commands.

    docker run -p 9944:9944 -p 9615:9615 parity/polkadot:v0.9.13 --name "calling_home_from_a_docker_container" --rpc-external --prometheus-external
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/maintain-wss.html b/docs/maintain-wss.html index c6256eaefca1..24ef2e78c605 100644 --- a/docs/maintain-wss.html +++ b/docs/maintain-wss.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ node. Activate the "Development" toggle and input your node's address - either the domain or the IP address. Remember to prefix with wss:// and if you're using the 443 port, append :443, like so: wss://example.com:443.

    A sync-in-progress chain connected to Polkadot-JS UI

    Now you have a secure remote connect setup for your Substrate node.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/metadata.html b/docs/metadata.html index 2fba8a92a11d..594c4ce9ab87 100644 --- a/docs/metadata.html +++ b/docs/metadata.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ The dropdown below allows you to update the chain selection to visualize. You can search all sub-categories using the provided search field. The information is categorized by the chains Pallets, RPC and Runtime information.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/multisig-apps.html b/docs/multisig-apps.html index 7f716553aba9..2dcaeb4b282a 100644 --- a/docs/multisig-apps.html +++ b/docs/multisig-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ adding and removing signatories or adjusting the threshold is now possible without creating new multisigs and Multix provides an intuitive interface to work with pure proxies.

    The pure proxy setup used by MultiX can be seen on the pure proxy page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/parachains-apps.html b/docs/parachains-apps.html index d29377cc7809..5f2531230a1b 100644 --- a/docs/parachains-apps.html +++ b/docs/parachains-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ tokens (LST) “vTokens”, as well as remote exchange, and swapping of vTokens from any chain. The DApp aims to simplify the cross-chain experience by providing a seamless interface for users to interact with vTokens across different chains natively.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-direction.html b/docs/polkadot-direction.html index 4b7c804f32fd..9916ebc83084 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-direction.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-direction.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ decentralizing the network is ensuring experts on which the maintenance of the system relies upon are incentivized and recruited over time by the Polkadot network and not by organizations within the Polkadot ecosystem.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-v1.html b/docs/polkadot-v1.html index 53e2d260de16..4ba5d0b1fa8e 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-v1.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-v1.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ could become.

    Polkadot is perfecting its implementation through RFCs to continue being a decentralized, secure, ubiquitous computing engine to power the next generation of Web3 applications.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-vault.html b/docs/polkadot-vault.html index 4b5466c6e55c..2a5e5a8fba30 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-vault.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-vault.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ this article for detailed instructions. If you choose this approach, you should trust the provider you choose.

    Polkadot-JS Guides

    If you are an advanced user, see the Polkadot-JS guides about Polkadot Vault.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html b/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html index 6562ff6eca5f..f0bb5f495824 100644 --- a/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html +++ b/docs/polkadot-vision-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Polkadot Vision

    Polkadot's Vision revealed by Gavin Wood at Decoded 2023.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html b/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html index 70107fb5ff04..914dbfcfccdc 100644 --- a/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html +++ b/docs/polkadotjs-ui.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ nomination pool settings (nomination and roles) and use non-transfer proxies, destroy assets, and much more.

    Beginner's Guide to Polkadot-JS​

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/polkadotjs.html b/docs/polkadotjs.html index b578aaa2d505..a84a3cc46367 100644 --- a/docs/polkadotjs.html +++ b/docs/polkadotjs.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ of spam prevention, whereas signed transactions are issued by the originator account of a transaction which contains a signature of that account, which will be subject to a fee to include it on the chain.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/programmes-index.html b/docs/programmes-index.html index 945d83ff0fc1..a8fff1868fe0 100644 --- a/docs/programmes-index.html +++ b/docs/programmes-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Programmes

    Learn about different programmes and initiatives within the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/research.html b/docs/research.html index cb653150e519..c39f5f38351a 100644 --- a/docs/research.html +++ b/docs/research.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ – Gives an outline of Nominated Proof of Stake in Polkadot. Author: Alfonzo Cevallos
  • Messaging Protocol Workshop Outcomes – An initiative to design and implement a privacy-preserving communication system for decentralized applications.
    • - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/staking-apps.html b/docs/staking-apps.html index 3818d4f766fb..7bad88551878 100644 --- a/docs/staking-apps.html +++ b/docs/staking-apps.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ and stake on multiple networks in the Polkadot, Kusama and Polkadot SDK (Substrate) ecosystems.

    The Web Dashboard features an Earning tab which allows users to stake DOT easily via native nomination pools, as well as in liquid staking and lending protocols, without having to manage multiple applications with different interfaces and experiences.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/staking-dashboard.html b/docs/staking-dashboard.html index 9e84ded39e88..d6d537e9537e 100644 --- a/docs/staking-dashboard.html +++ b/docs/staking-dashboard.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ feature request. We take your feedback seriously, do not hesitate to contact us.

    Network​

    Under Network, you can connect to either Polkadot, Kusama, or Westend through public RPC nodes or light clients for a true Web3 experience. For more information about light clients, see this page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/start-building.html b/docs/start-building.html index f83d34f84152..3b8bd2870f01 100644 --- a/docs/start-building.html +++ b/docs/start-building.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ and the original Polkadot Forum post.

    Polkadot SDK​

    info

    For more information about building on Polkadot, see the Builder's Guide.

    The Polkadot Software Development Kit (SDK) includes all the tools needed to build on the Polkadot ecosystem. The main repositories include:

    The programming language used for development is Rust.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/stay-safe-index.html b/docs/stay-safe-index.html index 942ad3c4a018..14735f2b18d0 100644 --- a/docs/stay-safe-index.html +++ b/docs/stay-safe-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Stay Safe

    Learn about good-practices to stay safe while surfing in Web3.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/thousand-contributors.html b/docs/thousand-contributors.html index 49b3509ff82d..eec0d97ed317 100644 --- a/docs/thousand-contributors.html +++ b/docs/thousand-contributors.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ the account shared with us.

    Submission reviews​

    The review process follows the present pipeline in the 1KC public GitHub project.

    Learn more about the program and its components on the official 1KC repository

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/thousand-validators.html b/docs/thousand-validators.html index 43d53f982e59..9a49ee57e8cc 100644 --- a/docs/thousand-validators.html +++ b/docs/thousand-validators.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ things time to resolve; if they don't, leave a message in the dedicated matrix room or open an issue on GitHub.
  • The 1000 validators website is not up to date? See these resources for more up-to-date information.

    • Resources​

    To extract and display the 1KV Program scores there are various tools listed below.

    ResourceGithub sourceInfo
    Main 1KV sitegithubMain site and 1KV backend.
    SubVT telegram bot for polkadot and kusamagithubTelegram bot with overviews and alerts for various polkadot and kusama related events, including 1KV events.
    SubVT ios and android appgithubSubVT app version for mobile phones.
    Validator earnings overviewgithubOverview of validators' earnings.
    Math Crypto's Insightsgithub1KV-oriented scoring overview of Kusama and Polkadot.
    One-T for polkadot and kusamagithubA performance report bot for the Polkadot and Kusama network with special focus on the 1KV programme.
    One-T parachains overviewgithubOne-T's parachain overview.
    Metaspan's 1KV overviewgithubOverview of 1KV programme, including the newly introduced endpoints, see here for available endpoints.
    Decentradot's 1KV overviewgithubOverview of the 1KV programme, including the newly introduced endpoints.
    Hirish 1KV overviewgithub?Overview of the 1KV Programme.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/transaction-attacks.html b/docs/transaction-attacks.html index 823988d2e666..106e3206fdbe 100644 --- a/docs/transaction-attacks.html +++ b/docs/transaction-attacks.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ transaction without the possibility of verifying it.

    Defense against Attacks​

    danger

    If you can't verify the transaction or you suspect you are signing something different than what you intended, don't sign it!

    To avoid being victim of an attack:

    • Use only trusted extensions, sites and software in general.
    • Use cold storage options (Ledger, Signer) and verify on them. Trust what these devices tell you over what is shown in the app or the browser extension.
    • Update Signer metadata only from trusted sources (or do it yourself).
    • Accept metadata updates for the extension only from trusted apps.
    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html b/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html index 2b7c2efbd0e6..29e0a04e03f5 100644 --- a/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html +++ b/docs/wallets-and-extensions.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ your accounts on over 150+ Substrate and EVM networks. NFT Management, ledger Support, fiat On-ramp, portfolio tracking. Talisman received funding from Polkadot Treasury [1].

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/wallets-index.html b/docs/wallets-index.html index 5393dc2a4e43..b6a2e9bff406 100644 --- a/docs/wallets-index.html +++ b/docs/wallets-index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Wallets

    Explore the different wallets and applications in the Polkadot and Kusama ecosystems.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html b/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html index 8d1ad5cafc80..d02224150f99 100644 --- a/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html +++ b/docs/web3-and-polkadot.html @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ - + @@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ all blockchains attached to it. For more information, see the Polkadot 1.0 page and the section about XCM and Accords in Polkadot Direction page.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/index.html b/index.html index d659cd047cc8..f43f99a04933 100644 --- a/index.html +++ b/index.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Explore

    Explore Wallets, Applications and Programmes within the Polkadot Ecosystem.

    Learn

    Learn about Polkadot and how it provides Shared Security and Secure Interoperability to its Parachains.

    Build

    Most up-to-date Information on the Status of the Development Tools in the Polkadot Ecosystem.

    Maintain

    Information and Guides on how to Deploy a Node and Run the Network.

    Learn about Polkadot’s canary network Kusama

    Kusama is Polkadot’s “canary network”, a scalable, multi-chain network for radical innovation and early stage Polkadot deployments. For developers, Kusama is a proving ground for all things Polkadot I.e runtime upgrades, on-chain governance, parachains, parathreads, etc.

    language

    Help improve this wiki

    This wiki was started by and is maintained by Web3 Foundation. It is an open-source-ish project and aims to be the most extensive resource of knowledge on Polkadot and the Polkadot ecosystem.

    - + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/search.html b/search.html index fb4115c5984b..222a4ca8e7af 100644 --- a/search.html +++ b/search.html @@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ - +

    Search the documentation

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