Expression 2 Number

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This is a full list of functions provided by E2's number extension. It will also include syntax for comparison operations and bitwise ops.

Table of Contents Comparison Selection Infinity Random numbers Arithmetic Assignment Advanced arithmetic functions Rounding Trigonometric/Geometric Radian measure Mathematical Constants Bitwise General function list

Comparison

Syntax	Example	Description
>	if ( A>8 ) {}	Greater than comparison. Returns 1 when the left value is greater than the right value.
<	if ( A<4 ) {}	Less than comparison. Returns 1 when the left value is less than the right value.
>=	if ( A>=6 ) {}	Returns 1 when the right value is either greater than or equal to the left value.
<=	if ( A<=14 ) {}	Returns 1 when the right value is either less than or equal to the left value.

Function	Returns	Description
inrange(N₁,N₂,N₃)		Returns 1 when the value N₁ is in between the arguments N₂ and N₃.

Selection

These functions pick the highest or lowest value of a set of numbers, and returns that.

Function	Returns	Description
min(N,N[,N,N])		Selects the closest number to negative infinity and returns it. Requires 2 arguments, maximum of 4 arguments.
max(N,N[,N,N])		Selects the closest number to positive infinity and returns it. Requires 2 arguments, maximum of 4 arguments.
clamp(N₁,N₂,N₃)		Clamps the value N₁ to a minimum and maximum amount N₂ and N₃, and returns the clamped amount.

Infinity

Pray you don't have to use these.

Function	Returns	Description
isfinite(N)		Returns 1 (true) if the given value is a finite number.
isinf(N)		Returns 1 if the number is positive infinity, or -1 when it is negative infinity. Finite numbers return 0.
isnan(N)		Returns 1 when the given value is not a number (NaN).

Random numbers

Surprisingly not banned in 55 countries in regard to gambling regulations.

Function	Returns	Description
random([N])		Returns a random float between 0-1. Optionally, multiply the result by the argument N.
random(N₁,N₂)		Returns a random floating value between the arguments N₁ and N₂.
randint(N)		Returns a random integer between 1 and the given value. (Seems to behave weirdly when given negative values...)
randint(N₁,N₂)		Returns a random integer between the values N₁ and N₂ inclusively.

Arithmetic

haha numbers go wheeeeeeee

Syntax	Example	Description
+	3 + 8	Adds two values together and returns the result.
-	A - B	Subtracts the right value from the left value, and returns the result.
*	C * D	Multiplies the right and left values together, and returns the result. This can also multiply vectors as a scalar magnitude!
/	E / F	Divides the left value over the right value and returns an exact decimal answer.
%	E % F	Divides the left value over the right value, and returns the remainder of the division.
^	4 ^ N	Raises the left value to the Nth power exponent, and returns the result.

Assignment

Number variables can be reassigned a new value based on one of the basic arithmetic operators by simply appending an equal sign after it.
The format A += B, is equivalent to doing A = A + B. This works for any arithmetic operation.

There is also a shorthand form of this to increment/decrement a variable by just 1.

Syntax	Example	Description
++	A++	Increments variable A by 1 directly.
--	B--	Decrements variable B by 1 directly.
+=	A += B - C	Sets the variable A equal to itself, plus B-C.
-=	A -= B + C	Sets the variable A equal to itself, minus B+C.
*=	A *= D	Sets A equal to A * D.
/=	A /= E	Sets A equal to A / E.
%=	A %= G	Sets A equal to A % G.
^=	A ^= H	Sets A equal to A to the power of H.

Advanced arithmetic functions

Function	Returns	Description
abs(N)		Returns the positive form (magnitude) of the value, aka, the absolute value of the number.
sign(N)		Returns the sign of the given value. 1 for positive values, -1 for negative values, and 0 for anything else.
sqrt(N)		Returns the square root of the given value.
cbrt(N)		Returns the cubic root of the given value.
root(N₁,N₂)		Returns the N₂th root of the value N₁
ln(N)		Performs a logarithm with base e on the given value.
log(N₁,N₂)		Performs a logarithm with an N₂th base on the given value N₁.
log2(N)		Performs a logarithm based 2 on the given value.
log10(N)		Performs a logarithm based 10 on the given value.
frexp(N)		Returns the mantissa and exponent of the given floating-point number as a vector2 (X component holds a mantissa, and Y component holds an exponent)
wrap(N₁,N₂)		Performs (N₁+N₂) % (N₂*2) - N₂. Performs a wrapping calculation around 0 with a range of N₂. wrap(89,90) returns 89, wrap(92,90) returns -88.

Rounding

Rounds to the nearest integer.

Function	Returns	Description
round(N₁[,N₂])		Rounds to the nearest integer, optionally up to N₂ number of decimal places, from .5 up and anything below down.
floor(N₁[,N₂])		Rounds a number down towards -infinity, optionally up to N₂ number of decimal places. -1.4 returns -2, 2.6 returns 2.
ceil(N₁[,N₂])		Rounds a number up towards +infinity, optionally up to N₂ number of decimal places. -1.4 returns -1, 2.6 returns 3.
int(N)		Rounds a number towards 0 to the nearest integer. -1.4 returns -1, 2.6 returns 2.
frac(N)		Returns the decimal (fractional) component of a number. -1.4 returns -0.4, 2.6 returns 0.6.

Trigonometric/Geometric

Scattah. A gift! For you!

(Note that trig functions in E2 work with degree-based values unless using the radian functions suffixed with "r".)

Function	Returns	Description
toRad(N)		Converts the value's unit from degrees into radians. 90° == 𝜋/2
toDeg(N)		Converts the value's unit from radians into degrees. 𝜋 radians == 180°
sin(N)		Returns the sine of value N. sin(90) = 1
cos(N)		Returns the cosine of value N. cos(0) = 1
tan(N)		Returns the tangent of value N. tan(45) = 1
asin(N)		Returns the sine inverse angle (arc sine) of value N.
acos(N)		Returns the cosine inverse angle (arc cosine) of value N.
atan(N)		Returns the tangent inverse angle (arc tangent) of value N.
atan(N₁,N₂)		Returns the tangent inverse (arc tangent) of the values N₁/N₂. This function accounts for positive/negative values as appropriate, and arguments at or close to 0.
csc(N)		Returns the cosecant of the value N. (csc(A)=B/C : sin(A)=C/B)
sec(N)		Returns the secant of the value N. (sec(A)=B/C : cos(A)=C/B)
cot(N)		Returns the cotangent of the value N. (cot(A)=B/C : tan(A)=C/B)
sinh(N)		Returns the hyperbolic sine of the value N.
cosh(N)		Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the value N.
tanh(N)		Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the value N.
csch(N)		Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of the value N.
sech(N)		Returns the hyperbolic secant of the value N.
coth(N)		Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of the value N.

Radian measure

Function	Returns	Description
sinr(N)		Returns the sine of value N using radians. sinr(pi()/2) = 1
cosr(N)		Returns the cosine of value N using radians. cosr(0) = 1
tanr(N)		Returns the tangent of value N using radians. tanr(pi()/4) = 1
asinr(N)		Returns the sine inverse angle (arc sine) of value N using radians.
acosr(N)		Returns the cosine inverse angle (arc cosine) of value N using radians.
atanr(N)		Returns the tangent inverse angle (arc tangent) of value N using radians.
atanr(N₁,N₂)		Returns the tangent inverse angle (arc tangent) of the values N₁/N₂, in radian measurement. This function accounts for positive/negative values as appropriate, and arguments at or close to 0.
cscr(N)		Returns the cosecant of the value N using radians. (csc(A)=B/C : sin(A)=C/B)
secr(N)		Returns the secant of the value N using radians. (sec(A)=B/C : cos(A)=C/B)
cotr(N)		Returns the cotangent of the value N using radians. (cot(A)=B/C : tan(A)=C/B)
sinhr(N)		Returns the hyperbolic sine of the value N using radians.
coshr(N)		Returns the hyperbolic cosine of the value N using radians.
tanhr(N)		Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the value N using radians.
cschr(N)		Returns the hyperbolic cosecant of the value N using radians.
sechr(N)		Returns the hyperbolic secant of the value N using radians.
cothr(N)		Returns the hyperbolic cotangent of the value N using radians.

Mathematical Constants

Function	Returns	Description
inf()		∞ (equivalent to math.Huge())
pi()		𝜋 (equivalent to 3.141592653589793₂₃₈₄₆₂₆₄₃₃...)
_PI		Same as pi() but as a constant enumeration.
exp(N)		Returns Euler's constant e to the power of the Argument (same as e()^N but shorter and faster this way)
_E		Same as e() but as a constant enumeration.
_PHI		φ (equivalent to the golden ratio 1+sqrt(5) divided by 2)

Bitwise

Developed by: asiekierka, TomyLobo (made xor), and Divran (added operators)

Bitwise operators act on numbers as if they were decimal-represented binary numbers.The individual bits of a number have operations taken against them.

For example, with 8 binary bits in a word, 00000000, they can be either 0 or 1 each.
By performing bitwise operations, you're working on a logical level with each respective bit in an 8 bit word, compared with another word.

Binary Operation	Word 1	Word 2	Result	Description
AND	11111100 (252)	00111111 (63)	00111100 (60)	AND operation. Maintains a bit level of 1 when both bits at that register are 1. Otherwise, flips bits to 0.
OR	11111100 (252)	00111111 (63)	11111111 (255)	OR operation. If there is a 1 on either word at that bit register, the resulting bit will be 1. Both bits must be 0 for a 0 bit.
XOR	11111100 (252)	00111111 (63)	11000011 (195)	Exclusive OR operation. Checks if there's a difference between the bits. A word's bit register must be 1, and the other 0, for a 1 bit to result. However, a 0 bit occurs when both bits are 0 or when both bits are 1.
BSR	11111100 (252)	-	01111110 (126)	Bit shift right. Physically moves the bit registers one digit to the right.
BSL	11111100 (252)	-	111111000 (504)	Bit shift left. Physically moves the bit registers one digit to the left. Note that in E2, this is not limited to only 8 bits! In fact, E2 uses a 32 bit register. You will need to carry over the extra 256 to the ones place or discard it if you want to remain on 8 bits. It's up to your own implementation.
NOT	11111100 (252)	-	00000011 (3)	Binary NOT. Simply flips 1 bits to 0, and 0 bits to 1.

Tip: You can also use N:toString(2) and S:toNumber(2) to perform bitwise manipulation using the string functions.

Function	Returns	Description
bOr(N,N)		Performs bitwise OR against the two numbers (Operator: N || N)
bAnd(N,N)		Performs bitwise AND against the two numbers (Operator: N && N)
bXor(N,N)		Performs bitwise XOR against the two numbers (Operator: N ^^ N)
bShl(N,N)		Performs bitwise shift left on the first number by the amount of the second (Operator: N << N)
bShr(N,N)		Performs bitwise shift right on the first number by the amount of the second (Operator: N >> N)
bNot(N)		Performs a binary Not
bNot(N,N)		Performs a binary Not. The second argument is the length of the number you wish to perform Not on in bits.

General function list

Function	Returns	Description
toString(N,N)		See Expression 2 String.