result.md

Here we list the overall experiments results over 6 targets versions:

Subject	openwrt5.15	openwrt6.1	RT-Linux6.7	RT-Linux6.8	RaspiOS6.7	RT-Linuxv6.8	Overall
ECG	160210.6	173660.5	206004.3	215922.5	176111.4	168805.2	183,452.4
ECG-	151153.5(+5.99)%	166260.5(+4.55)%	196004.3(+5.10)%	203922.5(+5.88)%	165550.9(+6.38)%	151640.6(+11.32)%	172422.1(+6.4)%
Syzkaller	130876.4(+22.41)%	144863.5(+19.88)%	171117.3(+20.39)%	172977.7(+24.83)%	139509.9(+26.24)%	134090.6(+25.89)%	148,905.8(+23.20)%
Moonshine	135201.3(+18.50)%	148661.9(+16.82)%	174380.2(+18.14)%	178459.3(+20.99)%	145825.3(+20.77)%	138891.7(+21.54)%	153,569.9(+19.46)%
KernelGPT	143582.5(+11.58)%	160346.4(+8.30)%	185393.4(+11.12)%	193854.7(+11.38)%	158850.5(+10.87)%	149928.1(+12.59)%	165,325.9(+10.96)%
Rtkaller	139634.2(+14.74)%	153689.7(+12.99)%	179253.7(+14.92)%	184209.4(+17.22)%	151840.7(+15.98)%	144622.3(+16.72)%	158873.6(+15.47)%
ECG-directed	47228.6	49845.2	46180.7	44865.5	47228.6	49856.5	47534.1
DRLF	43283.3(+9.12)%		41099.7(+12.36)%	40445.2(+10.93)%	43585.6(+8.36)%	43754.4(+13.95)%	42802.4(+11.05)%

The below table shows average bug counts of ECG and other fuzzers over 10 rounds of experiments.

Subject	openwrt5.15	openwrt6.1	RT-Linux6.7	RT-Linux6.8	RaspiOS6.7	RaspiOS6.8	Total
ECG	7.1	7.8	8.9	8.2	6.5	7.4	45.9
ECG-	6.3	7.2	7.8	7.3	5.8	6.4	40.8
KernelGPT	5.5	6.3	6.7	6.1	5.2	5.7	35.5
Moonshine	4.5	4.9	4.4	5.1	4.2	4.7	27.8
Rtkaller	4.7	5.3	5.2	5.5	4.6	5.1	30.4
Syzkaller	4.1	4.6	4.3	4.8	3.9	3.7	25.4
ECG-directed	4.3	4.6	3.9	4.2	4.1	3.5	24.6
DRLF	3.5	4.1	3.2	3.7	3.6	3.1	21.2

New previous unknown bugs reported detailed description below, the crash folder contained all previously unknown bugs detected by ECG.

#	Modules	Versions	Locations	Bug Types
1	fs/buffer	RT-Linux 6.7	mark_buffer_dirty	logic error
2	drivers/pci	RT-Linux 6.7	vga_put	logic error
3	kernel/sched	RT-Linux 6.7	select_task_rq_fair	deadlock
4	mm/filemap	RT-Linux 6.7	filemap_fault / page_add_file_rmap	data race
5	drivers/net/	RT-Linux 6.7	e1000_update_stats	memory corruption
6	fs/inode	RT-Linux 6.7	inode_update_timestamps	data race
7	kernel/kprobes	RT-Linux 6.7	arch_adjust_kprobe_addr	logic error
8	fs/dcache	RT-Linux 6.7	d_splice_alias	data race
9	fs/ext4	RT-Linux 6.7	__ext4_new_inode /_find_next_zero_bit	data race
10	drivers/e1000	RT-Linux 6.7	e1000_clean	data race
11	lib/find_bit	RT-Linux 6.7	_find_first_bit	data race
12	kernel/sched	RT-Linux 6.8	__wake_up_common	null-ptr defer
13	lib/kasprintf	RT-Linux 6.8	kvasprintf	logic error
14	kernel/events	RT-Linux 6.8	perf_cgroup_switch	logic error
15	fs/inode	RT-Linux 6.8	generic_update_time / inode_needs_update_time	data race
16	fs/ext4	RT-Linux 6.8	generic_write_end / mpage_submit_folio	data race
17	fs/kernfs	RT-Linux 6.8	kernfs_dop_revalidate	memory corruption
18	fs/ext4	RT-Linux 6.8	ext4_split_extent_at	memory corruption
19	arch/x86/lib	RT-Linux 6.8	memcpy_orig	out-of-bounds
20	kernel/events	RT-Linux 6.8	free_event	logic error
21	drivers/scsi	RT-Linux 6.8	__bitmap_weight /scsi_device_unbusy	data race
22	kernel/rcu	RT-Linux 6.8	__call_rcu_common /mas_walk	data race
23	mm/swap	RT-Linux 6.8	__folio_end_writeback / lru_add_fn	data race
24	arch/x86/lib	RT-Linux 6.8	memmove	memory corruption
25	arch/x86/events/intel	RT-Linux 6.8	intel_pmu_lbr_counters_reorder	logic error
26	arch/x86/kernel	RT-Linux 6.8	deref_stack_reg	logic error
27	arch/x86/kernel	RT-Linux 6.8	__orc_find	memory leak
28	net/9p	RT-Linux 6.8	p9pdu_readf	memory leak
29	arch/x86/lib	OpenWrt 5.15	memset_erms	logic error
30	kernel/smp	OpenWrt 5.15	smp_call_function_single	logic error
31	arch/arm64/kvm	RaspberryPi OS 6.7	kvm_init_stage2_mmu	memory leak
32	arch/arm64/kvm	RaspberryPi OS 6.7	kvm_age_gfn	logic error