Hystrix: Latency and Fault Tolerance for Distributed Systems

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• 熔断器 Hystrix

  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 调试环境搭建》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 执行命令方式》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 执行结果缓存》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 命令执行（一）之正常执行逻辑》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 命令执行（二）之执行隔离策略》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 命令执行（三）之执行超时》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 请求执行（四）之失败回退逻辑》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 命令合并执行》
  • 《Hystrix 源码解析 —— 断路器 HystrixCircuitBreaker》

Hystrix is a latency and fault tolerance library designed to isolate points of access to remote systems, services and 3rd party libraries, stop cascading failure and enable resilience in complex distributed systems where failure is inevitable.

Full Documentation

See the Wiki for full documentation, examples, operational details and other information.

See the Javadoc for the API.

Communication

• Google Group: HystrixOSS
• Twitter: @HystrixOSS
• GitHub Issues

What does it do?

1) Latency and Fault Tolerance

Stop cascading failures. Fallbacks and graceful degradation. Fail fast and rapid recovery.

Thread and semaphore isolation with circuit breakers.

2) Realtime Operations

Realtime monitoring and configuration changes. Watch service and property changes take effect immediately as they spread across a fleet.

Be alerted, make decisions, affect change and see results in seconds.

3) Concurrency

Parallel execution. Concurrency aware request caching. Automated batching through request collapsing.

Hello World!

Code to be isolated is wrapped inside the run() method of a HystrixCommand similar to the following:

public class CommandHelloWorld extends HystrixCommand<String> {

    private final String name;

    public CommandHelloWorld(String name) {
        super(HystrixCommandGroupKey.Factory.asKey("ExampleGroup"));
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    protected String run() {
        return "Hello " + name + "!";
    }
}

This command could be used like this:

String s = new CommandHelloWorld("Bob").execute();
Future<String> s = new CommandHelloWorld("Bob").queue();
Observable<String> s = new CommandHelloWorld("Bob").observe();

More examples and information can be found in the How To Use section.

Example source code can be found in the hystrix-examples module.

Binaries

Binaries and dependency information for Maven, Ivy, Gradle and others can be found at http://search.maven.org.

Change history and version numbers => CHANGELOG.md

Example for Maven:

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
    <artifactId>hystrix-core</artifactId>
    <version>x.y.z</version>
</dependency>

and for Ivy:

<dependency org="com.netflix.hystrix" name="hystrix-core" rev="x.y.z" />

If you need to download the jars instead of using a build system, create a Maven pom file like this with the desired version:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.netflix.hystrix.download</groupId>
	<artifactId>hystrix-download</artifactId>
	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>Simple POM to download hystrix-core and dependencies</name>
	<url>http://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix</url>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>com.netflix.hystrix</groupId>
			<artifactId>hystrix-core</artifactId>
			<version>x.y.z</version>
			<scope/>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

Then execute:

mvn -f download-hystrix-pom.xml dependency:copy-dependencies

It will download hystrix-core-*.jar and its dependencies into ./target/dependency/.

You need Java 6 or later.

Build

To build:

$ git clone [email protected]:Netflix/Hystrix.git
$ cd Hystrix/
$ ./gradlew build

Futher details on building can be found on the Getting Started page of the wiki.

Run Demo

To run a demo app do the following:

$ git clone [email protected]:Netflix/Hystrix.git
$ cd Hystrix/
./gradlew runDemo

You will see output similar to the following:

Request => GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS][8ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][20ms], GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][101ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1075ms]
Request => GetUserAccountCommand[FAILURE, FALLBACK_SUCCESS][2ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][22ms], GetUserAccountCommand[FAILURE, FALLBACK_SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][130ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1050ms]
Request => GetUserAccountCommand[FAILURE, FALLBACK_SUCCESS][4ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][19ms], GetUserAccountCommand[FAILURE, FALLBACK_SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][145ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1301ms]
Request => GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS][4ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][11ms], GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][93ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1409ms]

#####################################################################################
# CreditCardCommand: Requests: 17 Errors: 0 (0%)   Mean: 1171 75th: 1391 90th: 1470 99th: 1486 
# GetOrderCommand: Requests: 21 Errors: 0 (0%)   Mean: 100 75th: 144 90th: 207 99th: 230 
# GetUserAccountCommand: Requests: 21 Errors: 4 (19%)   Mean: 8 75th: 11 90th: 46 99th: 51 
# GetPaymentInformationCommand: Requests: 21 Errors: 0 (0%)   Mean: 18 75th: 21 90th: 24 99th: 25 
#####################################################################################

Request => GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS][10ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][16ms], GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][51ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][922ms]
Request => GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS][12ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][12ms], GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][68ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1257ms]
Request => GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS][10ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][11ms], GetUserAccountCommand[SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][78ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1295ms]
Request => GetUserAccountCommand[FAILURE, FALLBACK_SUCCESS][6ms], GetPaymentInformationCommand[SUCCESS][11ms], GetUserAccountCommand[FAILURE, FALLBACK_SUCCESS, RESPONSE_FROM_CACHE][0ms]x2, GetOrderCommand[SUCCESS][153ms], CreditCardCommand[SUCCESS][1321ms]

This demo simulates 4 different HystrixCommand implementations with failures, latency, timeouts and duplicate calls in a multi-threaded environment.

It logs the results of HystrixRequestLog and metrics from HystrixCommandMetrics.

Dashboard

A dashboard for monitoring applications using Hystrix is available in the hystrix-dashboard module.

More information can be found on the Dashboard Wiki.

Bugs and Feedback

For bugs, questions and discussions please use the GitHub Issues.

LICENSE

Copyright 2013 Netflix, Inc.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.