Solana Anchor Fullstack

Setup Solana CLI, the local development environment

Follow the steps here: https://solana.com/developers/guides/getstarted/setup-local-development

This is repo is developed under the following environment: rustc 1.77.2 (25ef9e3d8 2024-04-09) solana-cli 1.18.16 bun 1.1.12 yarn 1.22.22 anchor-cli 0.30.0

$ solana-keygen new
$ solana-keygen pubkey

$ solana config get
$ solana config set --url localhost

$ export RUST_LOG=solana_runtime::system_instruction_processor=trace,solana_runtime::message_processor=debug,solana_bpf_loader=debug,solana_rbpf=debug
$ solana-test-validator --log --reset

$ solana balance
$ solana airdrop 1000 //big amount is only possible for local network, on devnet you can only request 2 SOL per day

Anchor To Build and Test the program

Initialize the program the first time:

$ anchor init counter
$ cd counter && rm -r .git

OR update existing counter/anchor.toml file

[provider]
cluster = "Localnet"
#cluster = "devnet"

Build the Rust program: $ anchor build ... should give you:

• "target/deploy/xyz-keypair.json". Keep this keypair secret because only that keypair json file can upgrade the deployed program! You can reuse it on all clusters. This keypair should contain the public key from your declare_id!() in your Solana program, also that public key should match the result from anchor keys list

If you change your program id inside declare_id!() after copying some Rust code from the internet, run anchor keys sync to update that in your Rust program according to your xyz-keypair.json

• target/idl/xyz.json: This is used by the frontend
• target/types/xyz.ts: This is used by the frontend

anchor test command does the following things: build, spin up a test validator, deploy and test. If you have a local validator running already:

$ solana-test-validator -r
$ anchor test --skip-local-validator

Copy a transaction signature and paste it into Solana Explorer for your cluster: https://explorer.solana.com/?cluster=custom Confirm the test logs

OR run solana logs command in another termina, then run the test again, confirm test logs and transaction signature.

Anchor To Upgrade the program

If you encounter this error during tests: "account data too small for instruction", then you will need to extend your program code account size.

Initially, the deployed program account will be 2x the original program size.

To upgrade a program:

• make a new program deployment and abandon old deployment $ rm target ... delete the target folder $ anchor keys sync ... to generate a new keypair, and add that public key to your Rust code $ anchor test --skip-local-validator

OR

• extend existing program by adding more SOL, and using solana program extend command:

$ anchor keys list ... show program data account address $ solana program show <PROGRAM_ADDRESS> ... check that program account data length and its SOL balance

$ du -h target/deploy/counter.so ... show how much in data size will the program code need $ solana rent <SIZE> $ solana rent 100000 ... show much much rent does 100k program need to pay $ solana balance ... check how much SOL do we have $ solana program extend <PROGRAM_ADDRESS> <SIZE> ... extend the program code account, ONLY IF the data structure HAS NOT BEEN CHANGED! OR you get "Invalid arguments: xyz not provided"

Deploy to Devnet

Prepare to deploy to the Devnet

$ solana config set --url devnet
$ solana airdrop 2
$ solana balance

Add the following to anchor.toml

[programs.devnet]
counter = "xyz123..."

Change the provider from "Localnet" to "devnet"

[provider]
cluster = "devnet"
#cluster = "Localnet"

Then run anchor test without skipping the local validator

If deployment failed

Error: Recover the intermediate account's ephemeral keypair file with solana-keygen recover... . Here is how to solve it: solana program deploy --buffer ~/.config/solana/id.json --upgrade-authority ~/.config/solana/id.json --program-id target/deploy/counter-keypair.json target/deploy/counter.so

Claim devnet SOL back

solana program show --buffers
solana program close --buffers

After Deployment

Copy the deployed Program Id: C21vgVwS2X1g9XmSyJPFtLfrob5zwwoij54L7Rq6dmes

If you lose the above deployed Program Id, use the following the recover it: $ solana program show --programs

Program Id                                   | Slot      | Authority | Balance
C21vgVwS2X1g9XmSyJPFtLfrob5zwwoij54L7Rq6dmes | 306287597 | abc123... | 1.43735832 SOL

The above is all the programs owned by your wallet, which can be found by solana address

Setup Frontend in NextJs

See reference on Solana Wallet Adapter: https://github.com/anza-xyz/wallet-adapter/blob/master/APP.md

Install frontend packages:

cd solana-nextjs && pnpm install

Make sure your frontend @coral-xyz/anchor version matches your Rust anchor-lang version

Set your wallet to connect to the Devnet.

Run the frontend: bun dev

Get some Devnet SOL from https://faucet.solana.com/

Deploy the frontend

To deploy via vercel CLI: vercel .