[GAC-39] update Arrow version that flightsql-odbc (Dremio Seed) works with

[alinaliBQ]

Rationale for this change

We plan to let flightsql-odbc be build with the Arrow repository that it resides in. As a first step, it needs to work with today's Arrow version.

What changes are included in this PR?

Short summary:

• Added workflow to build flightsql-odbc.
• Updated C++ standard for flightsql-odbc from 11 to 17.
• Updated Arrow APIs called in flightsql-odbc from Arrow 9.0.0 version to Arrow 14.0.0 version.

Detailed changes:

• Set C+ standard+ to 17 to accommodate arrow build. flightsql-odbc used C++ 11, but arrow 14.0.0 uses C++ 17, so C++ standard is set to 17 to support building of arrow.
• Error arrow/utils/optional.h no longer found is fixed.
• I found that Arrow commit https://github.com/Bit-Quill/arrow/commit/5e49174d69deb9d1cbbdf82bc8041b90098f560b
  removes arrow/utils/optional.h and replaces it with C++ 17 header.
  So I updated flightsql-odbc code with when looking at this commit.
• Removed deprecated std::binary_function.
• There are build errors from boost::variant, so changed boost::variant to std::variant to align with rest of Arrow repository. Also replaced boost::get with std::get as a result.
• Fixed "error C2660: 'arrow::flight::FlightInfo::GetSchema': function does not take 2 arguments":
  I checked commit https://github.com/Bit-Quill/arrow/commit/d214455c2179f8ba15bcdce48f36bcb123b47123
  that changed GetSchema, and found that GetSchema(dictionary_memo, out) can be replaced with GetSchema(dictionary_memo).Value(out).
• Fixed error C2661: 'arrow::flight::FlightClient::Connect': no overloaded function takes 3 arguments:
  I checked commit https://github.com/Bit-Quill/arrow/commit/9e08c503f97fe3848039c80ec07e324db7dfbadf
  that changed Connect, and found that Connect(location, options, client) can be replaced with Connect(location, options).Value(client).
• Fixed error C2660: 'arrow::flight::Location::ForGrpcTls': function does not take 3 arguments:
  I checked commit https://github.com/Bit-Quill/arrow/commit/d214455c2179f8ba15bcdce48f36bcb123b47123
  that changed ForGrpcTls, and found that Connect(host, port, location) can be replaced with ForGrpcTls(host, port).Value(location). Same process to fix error with Location::ForGrpcTcp.
• Fixed error of scalar->value being deprecated. I see from commit https://github.com/Bit-Quill/arrow/commit/6cc37cf2d1ba72c46b64fbc7ac499bd0d7296d20
  that scalar::value is replaced with scalar::child_value(), so I went with this change.
• Fixed linking errors. ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_STATIC was added in commit https://github.com/Bit-Quill/arrow/commit/9c93f82a06ecae4d0e51f64b25fc63d32701d734, so now we need to define ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_STATIC in CMakeLists.txt also.

Are these changes tested?

The existing flightsql-odbc tests are passing. No new tests have been added as part of this PR.

Are there any user-facing changes?

N/A.

[github-actions]

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See also:

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[affonsov]

LGTM just one minor nit