refactor: support to convert time string to timestamp in convert_value()

[zyy17]

I hereby agree to the terms of the GreptimeDB CLA.

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

What's changed and what's your intention?

This PR supports converting the time string(for example, 2024-12-26 10:00:25.899) to the Timestamp type in convert_value(). It fixes the insert data error when users insert timestamp in string format by using a prepared statement. The logic is compatible with native MySQL.

PR Checklist

Please convert it to a draft if some of the following conditions are not met.

• I have written the necessary rustdoc comments.
• I have added the necessary unit tests and integration tests.
• This PR requires documentation updates.
• API changes are backward compatible.
• Schema or data changes are backward compatible.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 91.08911% with 9 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 83.69%. Comparing base (7471f55) to head (c154090).
Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #5242      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   83.94%   83.69%   -0.25%     
==========================================
  Files        1198     1203       +5     
  Lines      222969   224251    +1282     
==========================================
+ Hits       187177   187693     +516     
- Misses      35792    36558     +766