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add notation; fix numbering exacity#35
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all: | ||
xelatex dlbook_cn.tex && bibtex dlbook_cn.aux && texindy dlbook_cn.idx && makeglossaries dlbook_cn && xelatex dlbook_cn.tex | ||
xelatex dlbook_cn.tex && bibtex dlbook_cn.aux && texindy dlbook_cn.idx && makeglossaries dlbook_cn && xelatex dlbook_cn.tex && xelatex dlbook_cn.tex | ||
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clean: | ||
find . -type f -iregex '.*\.\(aux\|log\|toc\|backup\|acr\|brf\|gz\|acn\|xdy\|alg\)$$' -delete |
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% !Mode:: "TeX:UTF-8" | ||
%TODO | ||
%TODO | ||
\chapter*{致谢} | ||
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\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{致谢} | ||
TODO |
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% !Mode:: "TeX:UTF-8" | ||
%TODO | ||
TODO | ||
与原书类似 | ||
\begin{itemize} | ||
\item $\Sa$ 数 | ||
\item $\Va$ 向量 | ||
\item $\MA$ 矩阵 | ||
\item 需要时加tensor $\boldsymbol{\mathsf{A}}$ | ||
\item $\RSa$ 随机数 | ||
\item $\RVa$ 随机向量 | ||
\item 需要时加随机矩阵 $\boldsymbol{\mathrm{A}}$ | ||
\item $\SetA$ 集合 | ||
\end{itemize} | ||
\chapter*{数学符号} | ||
\label{notation} | ||
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\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{数学符号} | ||
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本节简要介绍本书所使用的数学符号。 | ||
我们在\chapref{chap:linear_algebra}至\chapref{chap:numerical_computation}中描述大多数数学概念,如果你不熟悉任何相应的数学概念,可以参考对应的章节。 | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 数和数组} | ||
\bgroup | ||
% The \arraystretch definition here increases the space between rows in the table, | ||
% so that \displaystyle math has more vertical space. | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle a$ & 标量 (整数或实数) \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \Va$ & 向量 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MA$ & 矩阵 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \TSA$ & 张量 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MI_n$ & $n$行$n$列的\gls{identity_matrix} \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MI$ & 维度蕴含于上下文的\gls{identity_matrix} \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \Ve^{(i)}$ & 标准基向量$[0,\dots,0,1,0,\dots,0]$,其中索引$i$处值为1 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \text{diag}(\Va)$ & 对角方阵,其中对角元素由$\Va$给定 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \RSa$ & 标量随机变量 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \RVa$ & 向量随机变量 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \RMA$ & 矩阵随机变量 \\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 集合和图} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle \SetA$ & 集合 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \SetR$ & 实数集 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \{0, 1\}$ & 包含0和1的集合 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \{0, 1, \dots, n \}$ & 包含$0$和$n$之间所有整数的集合 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle [a, b]$ & 包含$a$和$b$的实数区间 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle (a, b]$ & 不包含$a$但包含$b$的实数区间 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \SetA \backslash \SetB$ & 差集,即其元素包含于$\SetA$但不包含于$\SetB$\\ | ||
$\displaystyle \CalG$ & 图 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle Pa_\CalG(\RSx_i)$ & 图$\CalG$中$\RSx_i$的父节点 | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 索引} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle a_i$ & 向量$\Va$的第$i$个元素,其中索引从1开始 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle a_{-i}$ & 除了第$i$个元素,$\Va$的所有元素 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle A_{i,j}$ & 矩阵$\MA$的$i,j$元素 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MA_{i, :}$ & 矩阵$\MA$的第$i$行 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MA_{:, i}$ & 矩阵$\MA$的第$i$列 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \TEA_{i, j, k}$ & 3维张量$\TSA$的$(i, j, k)$元素 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \TSA_{:, :, i}$ & 3维张量的2维切片 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \RSa_i$ & 随机向量$\RVa$的第$i$个元素 \\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 线性代数中的操作} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle \MA^\top$ & 矩阵$\MA$的转置 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MA^+$ & $\MA$的\gls{Moore} \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MA \odot \MB $ & $\MA$和$\MB$的逐元素乘积(\gls{hadamard_product}) \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \mathrm{det}(\MA)$ & $\MA$的行列式 \\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 微积分} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle\frac{d y} {d x}$ & $y$关于$x$的导数 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \frac{\partial y} {\partial x} $ & $y$关于$x$的偏导 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \nabla_{\Vx} y $ & $y$关于$\Vx$的梯度 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \nabla_{\MX} y $ & $y$关于$\MX$的矩阵导数 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \nabla_{\TSX} y $ & $y$关于$\TSX$求导后的张量 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \frac{\partial f}{\partial \Vx} $ &$f: \SetR^n \rightarrow \SetR^m$的\gls{jacobian}矩阵$\MJ \in \SetR^{m\times n}$ \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \nabla_{\Vx}^2 f(\Vx)\text{ or }\MH( f)(\Vx)$ & $f$在点$\Vx$处的\gls{hessian}矩阵 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \int f(\Vx) d\Vx $ & $\Vx$整个域上的定积分 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \int_\SetS f(\Vx) d\Vx$ & 集合$\SetS$上关于$\Vx$的定积分 \\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 概率和信息论} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle \RSa \bot \RSb$ & $\RSa$和$\RSb$相互独立的随机变量 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \RSa \bot \RSb \mid \RSc $ & 给定$\RSc$后条件独立 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle P(\RSa)$ & 离散变量上的概率分布 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle p(\RSa)$ & 连续变量(或变量类型未指定时)上的概率分布 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \RSa \sim P$ & 具有分布$P$的随机变量$\RSa$\\ | ||
$\displaystyle \SetE_{\RSx\sim P} [ f(x) ]\text{ or } \SetE f(x)$ & $f(x)$关于$P(\RSx)$的期望 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \Var(f(x)) $ & $f(x)$在分布$P(\RSx)$下的方差 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \Cov(f(x),g(x)) $ & $f(x)$和$g(x)$在分布$P(\RSx)$下的协方差 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle H(\RSx) $ & 随机变量$\RSx$的\gls{Shannon_entropy} \\ | ||
$\displaystyle D_{\text{KL}} ( P \Vert Q ) $ & P和Q的\gls{KL_divergence} \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \mathcal{N} ( \Vx ; \Vmu , \VSigma)$ & 均值为$\Vmu$协方差为$\VSigma$,$\Vx$上的\gls{gaussian_distribution} \\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 函数} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle f: \SetA \rightarrow \SetB$ & 定义域为$\SetA$值域为$\SetB$的函数$f$ \\ | ||
$\displaystyle f \circ g $ & $f$和$g$的组合 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle f(\Vx ; \Vtheta) $ & 由$\Vtheta$参数化,关于$\Vx$的函数(有时为简化表示,我们忽略$\Vtheta$记为$f(\Vx)$ )\\ | ||
$\displaystyle \log x$ & $x$的自然对数 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \sigma(x)$ & Logistic sigmoid, $\displaystyle \frac{1} {1 + \exp(-x)}$ \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \zeta(x)$ & Softplus, $\log(1 + \exp(x))$ \\ | ||
$\displaystyle || \Vx ||_p $ & $\Vx$的$L^p$范数 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle || \Vx || $ & $\Vx$的$L^2$范数 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle x^+$ & $x$的正数部分, 即$\max(0,x)$\\ | ||
$\displaystyle \textbf{1}_\mathrm{condition}$ & 如果条件为真则为1,否则为0\\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} | ||
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有时候我们使用函数$f$,它的参数是一个标量,但应用到一个向量、矩阵或张量: $f(\Vx)$, $f(\MX)$, or $f(\TSX)$ 。 | ||
这表示逐元素地将$f$应用于数组。 | ||
例如,$\TSC = \sigma(\TSX)$,则对于所有合法的$i$、$j$和$k$, $\TEC_{i,j,k} = \sigma(\TEX_{i,j,k})$。 | ||
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\vspace{\notationgap} | ||
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth} | ||
\centerline{\bf 数据集和分布} | ||
\bgroup | ||
\def\arraystretch{1.5} | ||
\begin{tabular}{cp{3.25in}} | ||
$\displaystyle p_{\text{data}}$ & 数据生成分布 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \hat{p}_{\text{train}}$ & 由训练集定义的经验分布 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \SetX$ & 训练样本的集合 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \Vx^{(i)}$ & 数据集的第$i$个样本(输入)\\ | ||
$\displaystyle y^{(i)}\text{ or }\Vy^{(i)}$ & \gls{supervised_learning}中与$\Vx^{(i)}$关联的目标 \\ | ||
$\displaystyle \MX$ & $m \times n$ 的矩阵,其中行$\MX_{i,:}$为输入样本$\Vx^{(i)}$ \\ | ||
\end{tabular} | ||
\egroup | ||
\end{minipage} |
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