Use partition_type_property descriptor in DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice

[oleksandr-pavlyk]

Use partition_type_property descriptor in DPCTLDevice_GetParentDevice.

This allows to test that the device is an unpartitioned device without raising and handling the C++ exception.

If info::device::partition_type_property is info::partition_property::no_partition then retrieving
the parent_device descriptor will throw.

This change reduces the clutter of expected [ERR] messages in DPCTL_VERBOSITY=error mode.

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[github-actions]

View rendered docs @ https://intelpython.github.io/dpctl/pulls/1452/index.html

[github-actions]

Array API standard conformance tests for dpctl=0.15.1dev0=py310ha25a700_44 ran successfully.
Passed: 935
Failed: 65
Skipped: 119

[coveralls]

coverage: 85.655% (-0.05%) from 85.701% when pulling 4ac53fd on improve-exception-parent-device into b437c47 on master.

[github-actions]

Array API standard conformance tests for dpctl=0.15.1dev0=py310ha25a700_46 ran successfully.
Passed: 934
Failed: 66
Skipped: 119