feat: Add Ubuntu 24.04 to build matrix

[curiositycasualty]

Summary

This PR introduces the next LTS version of Ubuntu, and makes it the default Ubuntu version used for building PRs, the -ubuntu tagged docker images, etc. Notably, this PR does NOT change any runs-on statements for github actions. A later PR will need to address that.

Had to make some changes to get the build rolling on 24.04:

• a libxcrypt patch that fixes some logic in their build scripts that wasn't adapted for modern perl
• parameterize the GID and UID in the docker parts of the explain_manifest script (ubuntu is already UID 1000 in Noble Numbat)
• add libsimdjson_ffi.so and libada.so to the new explain_manifest fixtures
• add a new check-manifest-suite for docker such kong_uid and kong_gid can be passed

Checklist

• [na] The Pull Request has tests
• A changelog file has been created under changelog/unreleased/kong or skip-changelog label added on PR if changelog is unnecessary. README.md
• There is a user-facing docs PR against https://github.com/Kong/docs.konghq.com - PUT DOCS PR HERE

Issue reference

Fix #KAG-4672

Replaces: #13121

[curiositycasualty]

A separate PR addressing runs-on will have to come later.

[team-gateway-bot]

Cherry-pick failed for master, because it was unable to cherry-pick the commit(s).

Please cherry-pick the changes locally.

git remote add upstream https://github.com/kong/kong-ee
git fetch upstream master
git worktree add -d .worktree/cherry-pick-13626-to-master-to-upstream upstream/master
cd .worktree/cherry-pick-13626-to-master-to-upstream
git checkout -b cherry-pick-13626-to-master-to-upstream
ancref=$(git merge-base ad3e19a61580b1c1c8e84dce34b8a198b82c89cf fa65f8dc7fe420161f5fcac3093bea70fa9ccec3)
git cherry-pick -x $ancref..fa65f8dc7fe420161f5fcac3093bea70fa9ccec3