Merge 'origin' into learning_goals

solutions/calculate_max_profit.py

@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ def calculate_max_profit(prices: list) -> int:
     """
 
     assert isinstance(prices, list), "Input should be a list."
-    assert all(
-        isinstance(price, (int, float)) for price in prices
-    ), "Prices should be integers or floats."
-    assert all(
-        price >= 0 for price in prices
-    ), "Prices should be non-negative integers or floats."
+    assert all(isinstance(price, (int, float)) for price in prices), (
+        "Prices should be integers or floats."
+    )
+    assert all(price >= 0 for price in prices), (
+        "Prices should be non-negative integers or floats."
+    )
 
     maximum_profit = 0
 

solutions/count_vowels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+"""
+A module for counting vowels in a string.
+
+Module contents:
+    - count_vowels: Counts the number of vowels in a given string.
+      It supports both uppercase and lowercase vowels.
+
+Created on: 2025-07-06
+@author: Fatima
+"""
+
+
+def count_vowels(text: str) -> int:
+    """Returns the number of vowels (both uppercase and lowercase) in a string.
+
+    Parameters:
+        text: str, the input string to check
+
+    Returns:
+    int: Number of vowels in the text.
+
+    Raises:
+        AssertionError: if the argument is not a string
+
+    >>> count_vowels("hello")
+    2
+    >>> count_vowels("APPLE")
+    2
+    >>> count_vowels("why")
+    0
+    """
+
+    assert isinstance(text, str), "input must be a string"
+
+    vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"
+    count = 0
+
+    for letter in text:
+        if letter in vowels:
+            count += 1
+
+    return count

solutions/remove_duplicates_from_sorted_list.py

@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ def remove_duplicates_from_sorted_list(head: Optional[ListNode]) -> Optional[Lis
         # result is now a list with values: [1, 2]
     """
     # Defensive Assertion
-    assert head is None or isinstance(
-        head, ListNode
-    ), "Input must be a ListNode or None."
+    assert head is None or isinstance(head, ListNode), (
+        "Input must be a ListNode or None."
+    )
 
     current_node = head
     while current_node and current_node.next:

solutions/tests/test_count_vowels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+"""
+Unit tests for validating the count_vowels function.
+
+Test Categories:
+    - Standard Cases: Regular words with varying vowel counts.
+    - Edge Cases: Empty strings, repeated vowels, and mixed casing.
+    - Special Cases: Strings with numbers, special characters, and whitespace.
+    - Defensive Cases: Ensuring proper handling of non-string inputs.
+
+Created on: 2025-07-06
+@author: Fatima
+"""
+
+import unittest
+from solutions.count_vowels import count_vowels
+
+
+class TestCountVowels(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test cases for count_vowels function."""
+
+    # Standard Cases
+    def test_typical_word(self):
+        """It should count vowels in a regular word with both vowels and consonants."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("hello"), 2)
+
+    def test_mixed_case_vowels(self):
+        """It should count both uppercase and lowercase vowels in a string."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("hellOWorld"), 3)
+
+    def test_uppercase_vowels(self):
+        """It should count uppercase vowels in the string."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("SMALL"), 1)
+
+    def test_lowercase_vowels(self):
+        """It should count lowercase vowels in the string."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("small"), 1)
+
+    def test_repeated_vowels(self):
+        """It should count all repeated vowels in a string."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("aaeeiioouuAAEEIIOOUU"), 20)
+
+    # Edge Cases
+    def test_empty_string(self):
+        """It should return 0 for an empty string."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels(""), 0)
+
+    def test_only_whitespace(self):
+        """It should return 0 for strings with only whitespace.."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("     "), 0)
+
+    def test_no_vowels(self):
+        """It should return 0 for a string with no vowels."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("fly"), 0)
+
+    def test_long_string(self):
+        """It should correctly count vowels in a long mixed-case string."""
+        text = ("aAeEiIoOuU" * 500) + "bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz" * 100
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels(text), 5000)
+
+    # Special Cases
+    def test_alphanumeric_string(self):
+        """It should count vowels in alphanumeric strings, ignoring digits."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("fatima123Malik"), 5)
+
+    def test_special_characters(self):
+        """It should ignore special characters and only count vowels."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("!@#$%^&*()aeiOu"), 5)
+
+    def test_string_with_whitespace(self):
+        """It should count vowels even if the string contains spaces."""
+        self.assertEqual(count_vowels("hello world"), 3)
+
+    # Defensive Cases
+    def test_invalid_input(self):
+        """Test that raises assertion error for non-string input."""
+        with self.assertRaises(AssertionError):
+            count_vowels(None)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()