Create LargestRecInHistogram.cpp

code/data_structures/src/stack/stack/LargestRecInHistogram.cpp

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+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stack>
+using namespace std;
+
+int largestRectangleArea(vector<int>& heights) {
+    stack<int> s;  // Stack to store indices of the bars
+    int maxArea = 0;  // Variable to store the maximum area
+    int n = heights.size();
+
+    // Traverse all bars of the histogram
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        // If this bar is lower than the bar at the stack's top, pop the stack and calculate area
+        while (!s.empty() && heights[s.top()] > heights[i]) {
+            int h = heights[s.top()];
+            s.pop();
+            int width = s.empty() ? i : i - s.top() - 1;
+            maxArea = max(maxArea, h * width);
+        }
+        s.push(i);  // Push the current bar index onto the stack
+    }
+
+    // Process the remaining bars in the stack
+    while (!s.empty()) {
+        int h = heights[s.top()];
+        s.pop();
+        int width = s.empty() ? n : n - s.top() - 1;
+        maxArea = max(maxArea, h * width);
+    }
+
+    return maxArea;
+}
+
+int main() {
+    vector<int> heights = {2, 1, 5, 6, 2, 3};
+    int result = largestRectangleArea(heights);
+    cout << "The largest rectangle area is: " << result << endl;
+    return 0;
+}