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“The question of whether a decision, judgement, or memory is “correct” (in a normative way) is usually secondary to the question of whether that decision, judgement, or memory is helpful in the current situation.” Pohl, R., & Pohl, R. F. (Eds.). (2004). Cognitive illusions: A handbook on fallacies and biases in thinking, judgement and memory. Psychology Press.

Bron: Cognitive Bias Part 1 by Krisztina Szerovay

Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1996). On the reality of cognitive illusions. Psychological Review, 103(3), 582-591.

The study of heuristics and biases in judgment has been criticized in several publications by G. Gigerenzer, who argues that "biases are not biases" and "heuristics are meant to explain what does not exist" (1991, p. 102). This article responds to Gigerenzer's critique and shows that it misrepresents the authors' theoretical position and ignores critical evidence. Contrary to Gigerenzer's central empirical claim, judgments of frequency - not only subjective probabilities - are susceptible to large and systematic biases. A postscript responds to Gigerenzer's (1996) reply.