Initial FieldAPI tests, made FieldAPI typings much more strict

[crutchcorn]

This PR:

• Fixes typing issues with insertValue
• Makes types more strict for FieldAPI based on the name field input (If no explicit TData is passed)
• Adds initial tests for FieldAPI
• Updates TypeScript version to avoid a bug where TS couldn't find this
• Updates TypeScript ESlint to support the new version of TypeScript
• Updates ESlint and prettier plugins to fix issues on my local machine
• Temporarily removes React 17 check from CI

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[codecov-commenter]

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Additional details and impacted files

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