[ci] bump to ubuntu 22 + fix `ccache` #441

Job	Run time
macos-latest: clang++ Release linalg=netlib	2m 47s
macos-latest: clang++ Release linalg=vendor	4m 50s
ubuntu-22.04: /usr/bin/g++-12 Release linalg=netlib	3m 53s
ubuntu-22.04: /usr/bin/g++-12 Release linalg=vendor	4m 43s
macos-latest: clang++ Debug linalg=netlib	2m 56s
macos-latest: clang++ Debug linalg=vendor	2m 38s
ubuntu-22.04: /usr/bin/g++-12 Debug linalg=netlib	3m 39s
ubuntu-22.04: /usr/bin/g++-12 Debug linalg=vendor	4m 38s
	30m 4s

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