Poneglyph

Toy project to learn how to use the Solana Anchor framework. (my notes 🐒)

• https://www.anchor-lang.com/docs/installation
• https://solana.com/docs/programs/anchor/cpi
• https://book.anchor-lang.com/

Project Design (Ticket seller)

Current Issues with Ticket Selling

• Scalping: Tickets are bought in bulk and resold at a higher price.
• Fraud: Fake tickets are sold to unsuspecting customers.
• Scalability: Ticket sales are limited to the capacity of the venue. (?)
• Centralization: Ticket sales are controlled by a single entity.
• Network Congestion: High demand for tickets can cause network congestion. (?)
• https://www.perplexity.ai/search/what-is-the-applied-blockchain-W3RpYWOcTWu8XQ4nSnD53A

Solution

• Create a decentralized ticket selling platform.
• Tickets are sold as NFTs.
• Tickets are minted by the organizer and sold to customers.
• Tickets can be resold by customers and the organizer receives a commission.
• Tickets can be verified by the organizer and the customer.
• Tickets can be redeemed by the customer at the venue.

Flow

Components:

• Organizer: Mints tickets and receives commissions.
• Customer: Buys tickets and resells tickets.
• Venue: Verifies tickets and redeems tickets.

Flow map 🗺️

graph TD
    A[Organizer] -->|Mint| B((Ticket))
    B -->|Sell| C[Customer]
    C -->|Resell| D[Customer]
    D -->|Sell| E[Customer]
    E -->|Redeem| F[Venue]

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Sequence diagram 📈

sequenceDiagram

actor Organizer
participant organizer-hardware
participant server-APIs
participant Solana-contract
participant Solana-network
participant client-app
actor Customer

Organizer ->> server-APIs: Mint tickets request <br>ticket info: {number, price, date, venue, restrictions}
server-APIs ->> Solana-contract: Mint ticket request
Solana-contract ->> Solana-contract: Mint ticket
Solana-contract ->> Solana-network: SolAccount creation
Solana-network ->> Solana-contract: SolAccount creation response
Solana-contract ->> server-APIs: Mint ticket response <br>server can now sell tickets
server-APIs ->> client-app: Ticket sale
Customer ->> client-app: Buy ticket
client-app ->> server-APIs: Ticket sale request
server-APIs ->> Solana-contract: Transfer ticket request
Solana-contract ->> Solana-contract: Transfer ticket
Solana-contract ->> Solana-network: SolAccount update
Solana-network ->> Solana-contract: SolAccount update response
Solana-contract ->> server-APIs: Transfer ticket response
server-APIs ->> client-app: Ticket sale response
client-app ->> client-app: Ticket secured by client-app dynamically <br>(maybe using a 3-rd party service like Apple verify)
Customer ->> client-app: Resell ticket
client-app ->> server-APIs: Ticket resell request
server-APIs ->> Solana-contract: Transfer ticket request
Solana-contract ->> Solana-contract: Transfer ticket
Solana-contract ->> Solana-network: SolAccount update
Solana-network ->> Solana-contract: SolAccount update response
Solana-contract ->> server-APIs: Transfer ticket response
server-APIs ->> client-app: Ticket resell response
client-app ->> client-app: Ticket secured by client-app dynamically <br>(maybe using a 3-rd party service like Apple verify)
Customer ->> client-app: Use ticket
client-app ->> server-APIs: Ticket use request
server-APIs ->> Solana-contract: Redeem ticket request
Solana-contract ->> Solana-contract: Redeem ticket
Solana-contract ->> Solana-network: SolAccount update
Solana-network ->> Solana-contract: SolAccount update response
Solana-contract ->> server-APIs: Redeem ticket response
server-APIs ->> client-app: Ticket use response
client-app ->> organizer-hardware: Ticket verification
organizer-hardware ->> server-APIs: Ticket verification request
server-APIs ->> Solana-contract: Verify ticket request
Solana-contract ->> Solana-contract: Verify ticket
Solana-contract ->> Solana-network: SolAccount update
Solana-network ->> Solana-contract: SolAccount update response
Solana-contract ->> server-APIs: Verify ticket response
server-APIs ->> organizer-hardware: Ticket verification response

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MVP

• Organizer can mint tickets and sell tickets by setting the ticket price.
• Customer can buy tickets and resell tickets limited to the ticket price.
• Venue can verify tickets and redeem tickets.

Future Features

• Organizer can set restrictions on tickets.
• Customer can buy tickets in bulk.
• Customer can resell tickets at a higher price. (?)

Setup

The rust toolchain is required to build the project. The following commands will install the rust toolchain and the required dependencies.

# Install the rust toolchain
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

Installing using Anchor version manager

# Install the Anchor version manager
cargo install --git https://github.com/coral-xyz/anchor avm --locked --force

# Install the build dependencies
sh -c "$(curl -sSfL https://release.anza.xyz/stable/install)"

# Check the version of Anchor
solana --version

# Install the latest version of Anchor
avm install latest

# Check the version of Anchor
anchor --version

Build

# Build the project
./scripts/contract-build.sh

Test

Contract unit tests

https://developers.metaplex.com/core/helpers

./scripts/misc/set-metaplex-core.sh
./scripts/contract-test.sh

Backend integration tests (local)

On one terminal:

./scripts/misc/set-metaplex-core.sh
./scripts/misc/solana-local-dev-validator.sh

On another terminal:

./scripts/misc/new-sol-wallet.sh
./scripts/be-serve.sh dev

API

❶ Create a ticket:

curl --location 'localhost:3000/api/ticket/v1' \
--header 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--data '{
    "name": "test",
    "uri": "uri_test",
    "transfer_limit": 10
}'

Response:

{
    "asset_key": "xLZjdGZB3SdtUUYg4rKoBrVb9w7yFuKh8FNEBTzgCVB",
    "aes_gcm_tag": "21WlQQsekVvi0XSYH3iX8g=="
}

❷ Get the ticket:

curl --location 'localhost:3000/api/ticket/v1/xLZjdGZB3SdtUUYg4rKoBrVb9w7yFuKh8FNEBTzgCVB?aes_gcm_tag=21WlQQsekVvi0XSYH3iX8g%3D%3D'

Response:

{
    "name": "test",
    "owner": "79zjn9Pe3empMZZet5FHnNKaVjrLkCN9i2HV7u4THsVq",
    "uri": "uri_test2"
}

❸ Create an asset for the ticket:

curl --location 'localhost:3000/api/asset/v1' \
--header 'Content-Type: image/jpeg' \
--data-binary '~/Downloads/ED5FA0FF-DD05-48DE-AE0A-0701FB189A97.JPG'

Response:

{}

❹ Get the asset:

curl --location 'localhost:3000/api/asset/v1/image.jpg'

Milestones

• Initialize the project.
• Create a new program.
• Create a new instruction.
• Create a MPL Core Account.
  • https://developers.metaplex.com/core/using-core-in-anchor
  • https://developers.metaplex.com/core/guides/anchor/how-to-create-a-core-nft-asset-with-anchor
  • https://developers.metaplex.com/core/getting-started/rust
• Batch create MPL Core Accounts.
  • https://solana.com/docs/core/transactions
  • https://solana.stackexchange.com/questions/17179/can-transactions-with-multiple-instructions-be-sandwiched-or-rearranged-between
  • https://github.com/project-serum/swap/blob/3da36aaae7af6ce901d68c0280aac34817fe7fd8/tests/swap.js#L181-L212
• Create a MPL Core Account with a plugin.
• Create a MPL Core Account with a plugin and a collection.
  • If you are transferring an Asset which has a collection you will need to pass the collection address in.
  • https://developers.metaplex.com/core/collections
• Transfer a MPL Core Account.
  • https://developers.metaplex.com/core/transfer
  • https://github.com/solana-developers/program-examples/tree/main/tokens/transfer-tokens/anchor/programs/transfer-tokens
• Set the price of a MPL Core Account.
• Set the rules of marketing a MPL Core Account.
• Encrypt the data of a MPL Core Account with a secret.

Common Commands

solana config get # Get the current Solana cluster configuration
solana config set --url https://api.devnet.solana.com # Set the Solana cluster configuration
solana balance # Get the balance of the current wallet
solana airdrop 2 ~/.config/solana/id.json # Airdrop 1 SOL to the current wallet
solana address # Get the public key of the current wallet
solana keygen new --outfile ~/.config/solana/id.json # Generate a new keypair

solana transfer 1 [public-key] # Transfer 1 SOL to the specified public key
solana transfer --allow-unfunded-recipient 1 [public-key] # Transfer 1 SOL to the specified public key even if it's unfunded
solana transfer --allow-unfunded-recipient 1 [public-key] --from ~/.config/solana/id.json # Transfer 1 SOL from the current wallet to the specified public key even if it's unfunded

# https://docs.anza.xyz/cli/usage#solana-logs
solana logs --url localhost

# Initialize a new project
anchor init [new-workspace-name]