example tweaks

README.md

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 
 [![MoviePy page on the Python Package Index](https://badge.fury.io/py/moviepy.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/moviepy/) [![Discuss MoviePy on Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/movie-py/gitter?color=46BC99&logo=gitter)](Gitter_) [![Build status on gh-actions](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/Zulko/moviepy/test_suite.yml?logo=github)](https://github.com/Zulko/moviepy/actions/workflows/test_suite.yml) [![Code coverage from coveralls.io](https://img.shields.io/coveralls/github/Zulko/moviepy/master?logo=coveralls)](https://coveralls.io/github/Zulko/moviepy?branch=master)
 
-> [!NOTE] MoviePy recently upgraded to v2.0, introducing major breaking changes. You can consult the last v1 docs [here](https://zulko.github.io/moviepy/v1.0.3/) but beware that v1 is no longer maintained. For more info on how to update your code from v1 to v2, see [this guide](https://zulko.github.io/moviepy/getting_started/updating_to_v2.html).
+> [!NOTE]
+> MoviePy recently upgraded to v2.0, introducing major breaking changes. You can consult the last v1 docs [here](https://zulko.github.io/moviepy/v1.0.3/) but beware that v1 is no longer maintained. For more info on how to update your code from v1 to v2, see [this guide](https://zulko.github.io/moviepy/getting_started/updating_to_v2.html).
 
 MoviePy (online documentation [here](https://zulko.github.io/moviepy/)) is a
 Python library for video editing: cuts, concatenations, title
@@ -20,26 +21,28 @@ In this example we open a video file, select the subclip between 10 and
 result to a new file:
 
 ``` python
-# Import everything needed to edit video clips
-from moviepy import *
+from moviepy import VideoFileClip, TextClip, CompositeVideoClip
 
 # Load file example.mp4 and keep only the subclip from 00:00:10 to 00:00:20
-clip = VideoFileClip("long_examples/example2.mp4").subclipped(10, 20)
-
 # Reduce the audio volume to 80% of its original volume
-clip = clip.with_volume_scaled(0.8)
 
-# Generate a text clip. You can customize the font, color, etc.
-txt_clip = TextClip(font="example.ttf", text="Big Buck Bunny", font_size=70, color='white')
+clip = (
+    VideoFileClip("long_examples/example2.mp4")
+    .subclipped(10, 20)
+    .with_volume_scaled(0.8)
+)
 
-#The text clip should appear for 10s at the center of the screen
-txt_clip = txt_clip.with_duration(10).with_position('center')
+# Generate a text clip. You can customize the font, color, etc.
+txt_clip = TextClip(
+    font="Arial.ttf",
+    text="Hello there!",
+    font_size=70,
+    color='white'
+).with_duration(10).with_position('center')
 
 # Overlay the text clip on the first video clip
-video = CompositeVideoClip([clip, txt_clip])
-
-# Write the result to a file (many options available!)
-video.write_videofile("result.mp4")
+final_video = CompositeVideoClip([clip, txt_clip])
+final_video.write_videofile("result.mp4")
 ```
 
 # Installation

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/CompositeAudioClip.py

@@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
-from moviepy import *
+"""Let's first concatenate (one after the other) then composite
+(on top of each other) three audio clips."""
+
+from moviepy import AudioFileClip, CompositeAudioClip, concatenate_audioclips
 
 # We load all the clips we want to compose
-aclip1 = AudioFileClip("example.wav")
-aclip2 = AudioFileClip("example2.wav")
-aclip3 = AudioFileClip("example3.wav")
+clip1 = AudioFileClip("example.wav")
+clip2 = AudioFileClip("example2.wav")
+clip3 = AudioFileClip("example3.wav")
 
 # All clip will play one after the other
-concat = concatenate_audioclips([aclip1, aclip2, aclip3])
+concat = concatenate_audioclips([clip1, clip2, clip3])
 
-# We will play aclip1, then ontop of it aclip2 after 5s, and the aclip3 on top of both after 9s
+# We will play clip1, then on top of it clip2 starting at t=5s,
+# and clip3 on top of both starting t=9s
 compo = CompositeAudioClip(
     [
-        aclip1.with_volume_scaled(1.2),
-        aclip2.with_start(5),  # start at t=5s
-        aclip3.with_start(9),
+        clip1.with_volume_scaled(1.2),
+        clip2.with_start(5),  # start at t=5s
+        clip3.with_start(9),
     ]
 )

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/CompositeVideoClip.py

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
-from moviepy import *
+"""Let's stack three video clips on top of each other with
+CompositeVideoClip."""
+
+from moviepy import VideoFileClip, CompositeVideoClip
 
 # We load all the clips we want to compose
 clip1 = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
 clip2 = VideoFileClip("example2.mp4").subclipped(0, 1)
-clip3 = VideoFileClip("example3.mp4")
+clip3 = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
 
-# We concatenate them and write theme stacked on top of each other, with clip3 over clip2 over clip1
+# We concatenate them and write theme stacked on top of each other,
+# with clip3 over clip2 over clip1
 final_clip = CompositeVideoClip([clip1, clip2, clip3])
 final_clip.write_videofile("final_clip.mp4")

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/concatenate.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Let's concatenate (play one after the other) three video clips."""
+
 from moviepy import VideoFileClip, concatenate_videoclips
 
 # We load all the clips we want to concatenate

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/crossfadein.py

@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
-from moviepy import *
+"""In this example, we will concatenate two clips with a 1-second
+crossfadein of the second clip."""
+
+from moviepy import VideoFileClip, CompositeVideoClip, vfx
 
 # We load all the clips we want to compose
 clip1 = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
-clip2 = VideoFileClip("example2.mp4").subclipped(0, 1)
-
-# Clip2 will be on top of clip1 for 1s
-clip1 = clip1.with_end(2)
-clip2 = clip2.with_start(1)
-
-# We will add a crossfadein on clip2 for 1s
-# As the other effects, transitions are added to Clip methods at runtime
-clip2 = clip2.with_effects([vfx.CrossFadeIn(1)])
-
+clip2 = VideoFileClip("example2.mp4")
 
-# We write the result
-final_clip = CompositeVideoClip([clip1, clip2])
+clips = [
+    clip1.with_end(2),
+    clip2.with_start(1).with_effects([vfx.CrossFadeIn(1)]),
+]
+final_clip = CompositeVideoClip(clips)
 final_clip.write_videofile("final_clip.mp4")

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/juxtaposing.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Let's juxtapose four video clips in a 2x2 grid."""
+
 from moviepy import VideoFileClip, clips_array, vfx
 
 # We will use the same clip and transform it in 3 ways
@@ -8,9 +10,12 @@
 
 # The form of the final clip will depend of the shape of the array
 # We want our clip to be our 4 videos, 2x2, so we make an array of 2x2
-final_clip = clips_array([[clip1, clip2], [clip3, clip4]])
-final_clip = final_clip.resized(
-    width=480
-)  # We resize the resulting clip to have the dimensions we want
+array = [
+    [clip1, clip2],
+    [clip3, clip4],
+]
+final_clip = clips_array(array)
+# let's resize the final clip so it has 480px of width
+final_clip = final_clip.resized(width=480)
 
 final_clip.write_videofile("final_clip.mp4")

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/with_position.py

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-from moviepy import *
+"""Let's position some text and images on a video."""
+
+from moviepy import TextClip, VideoFileClip, CompositeVideoClip, ImageClip
 
 # We load all the clips we want to compose
 background = VideoFileClip("example2.mp4").subclipped(0, 2)
@@ -28,8 +30,9 @@
 )
 logo = ImageClip("./example2.png", duration=1).resized(height=50)
 
-# We want our title to be at the center horizontaly and start at 25% of the video verticaly
-# We can set as "center", "left", "right", "top" and "bottom", and % relative from the clip size
+# We want our title to be at the center horizontaly and start at 25%
+# of the video verticaly. We can set as "center", "left", "right",
+# "top" and "bottom", and % relative from the clip size
 title = title.with_position(("center", 0.25), relative=True)
 
 # We want the author to be in the center, 30px under the title
@@ -42,7 +45,8 @@
 copyright = copyright.with_position(("center", background.h - copyright.h - 30))
 
 # Finally, we want the logo to be in the center, but to drop as time pass
-# We can do so by setting position as a function that take time as argument, a lot like frame_function
+# We can do so by setting position as a function that take time as argument,
+# a lot like frame_function
 top = (background.h - logo.h) / 2
 logo = logo.with_position(lambda t: ("center", top + t * 30))
 

docs/_static/code/user_guide/compositing/with_start.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from moviepy import *
+from moviepy import VideoFileClip, CompositeVideoClip
 
 # We load all the clips we want to compose
 clip1 = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@
 clip2 = clip2.with_start(1.5)
 
 # We want to play clip3 at the end of clip2, and so for 3 seconds only
-clip3 = clip3.with_start(clip2.end).with_duration(
-    1
-)  # Some times its more practical to modify the duration of a clip instead of his end
+# Some times its more practical to modify the duration of a clip instead
+# of his end
+clip3 = clip3.with_start(clip2.end).with_duration(1)
 
 # We write the result
 final_clip = CompositeVideoClip([clip1, clip2, clip3])

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/custom_effect.py

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+"""Let's write a custom effect that will add a basic progress bar
+at the bottom of our clip."""
+
 from moviepy import VideoClip
 from moviepy.decorators import requires_duration
 
@@ -22,7 +25,8 @@ def filter(get_frame, t):
         progression = t / clip.duration
         bar_width = int(progression * clip.w)
 
-        # Showing a progress bar is just replacing bottom pixels on some part of our frame
+        # Showing a progress bar is just replacing bottom pixels
+        # on some part of our frame
         frame = get_frame(t)
         frame[-height:, 0:bar_width] = color
 

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/image_transform.py

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+"""Let's invert the green and blue channels of a video."""
+
 from moviepy import VideoFileClip
 import numpy
 

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/modify_copy_example.py

@@ -1,19 +1,21 @@
 # Import everything needed to edit video clips
-from moviepy import *
+from moviepy import VideoFileClip
 
 # Load example.mp4
 clip = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
 
-# This does nothing, as multiply_volume will return a copy of clip which you will loose immediatly as you dont store it
+# This does nothing, as multiply_volume will return a copy of clip
+# which you will loose immediatly as you dont store it
 # If you was to render clip now, the audio would still be at full volume
 clip.with_volume_scaled(0.1)
 
-# This create a copy of clip in clip_whisper with a volume of only 10% the original, but does not modify the original clip
+# This create a copy of clip in clip_whisper with a volume of only 10% the original,
+# but does not modify the original clip
 # If you was to render clip right now, the audio would still be at full volume
 # If you was to render clip_whisper, the audio would be a 10% of the original volume
 clip_whisper = clip.with_volume_scaled(0.1)
 
-# This replace the original clip with a copy of it where volume is only 10% of the original
-# If you was to render clip now, the audio would be at 10%
+# This replace the original clip with a copy of it where volume is only 10% of
+# the original. If you was to render clip now, the audio would be at 10%
 # The original clip is now lost
 clip = clip.with_volume_scaled(0.1)

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/time_transform.py

@@ -3,13 +3,7 @@
 
 my_clip = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
 
-
-# You can define a function the classical way
-def accel_x3(time: float) -> float:
-    return time * 3
-
-
-modified_clip1 = my_clip.time_transform(accel_x3)
-
-# Of you can also use lambda function
+# Let's accelerate the video by a factor of 3
+modified_clip1 = my_clip.time_transform(lambda t: t * 3)
+# Let's play the video back and forth with a "sine" time-warping effect
 modified_clip2 = my_clip.time_transform(lambda t: 1 + math.sin(t))

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/transform.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+"""Let's create a scolling video effect from scratch."""
+
 from moviepy import VideoFileClip
-import math
 
 my_clip = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
 

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/using_effects.py

@@ -2,14 +2,13 @@
 from moviepy import vfx, afx
 
 myclip = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
-myclip = myclip.with_effects(
-    [vfx.Resize(width=460)]
-)  # resize clip to be 460px in width, keeping aspect ratio
+# resize clip to be 460px in width, keeping aspect ratio
+myclip = myclip.with_effects([vfx.Resize(width=460)])
 
 # fx method return a copy of the clip, so we can easily chain them
-myclip = myclip.with_effects(
-    [vfx.MultiplySpeed(2), afx.MultiplyVolume(0.5)]
-)  # double the speed and half the audio volume
+# double the speed and half the audio volume
+myclip = myclip.with_effects([vfx.MultiplySpeed(2), afx.MultiplyVolume(0.5)])
 
-# because effects are added to Clip at runtime, you can also call them directly from your clip as methods
+# because effects are added to Clip at runtime, you can also call
+# them directly from your clip as methods
 myclip = myclip.with_effects([vfx.MultiplyColor(0.5)])  # darken the clip

docs/_static/code/user_guide/effects/using_with_methods.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from moviepy import VideoFileClip
-from moviepy import vfx, afx
 
 myclip = VideoFileClip("example.mp4")
 myclip = myclip.with_end(5)  # stop the clip after 5 sec

docs/_static/code/user_guide/loading/AudioArrayClip.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+"""Let's create an audioclip from values in a numpy array."""
+
 import numpy as np
-from moviepy import *
+from moviepy import AudioArrayClip
 
 # We want to play those notes
 notes = {"A": 440, "B": 494, "C": 523, "D": 587, "E": 659, "F": 698}
@@ -9,26 +11,25 @@
 sample_rate = 44100  # Number of samples per second
 
 note_size = int(note_duration * sample_rate)
-total_size = note_size * len(notes)
+n_frames = note_size * len(notes)
 
 
 def frame_function(t, note_frequency):
     return np.sin(note_frequency * 2 * np.pi * t)
 
 
-# We generate all frames timepoints
-times = np.linspace(0, total_duration, total_size)
+# At this point one could use this audioclip which generates the audio on the fly
+# clip = AudioFileClip(frame_function)
 
-# We make an array of size N*1, where N is the number of frames * total duration
-audio_array = np.zeros((total_size, 2))
-i = 0
-for note, frequency in notes.items():
-    for _ in range(note_size):
-        audio_array[i][0] = frame_function(times[i], frequency)
-        i += 1
+# We generate all frames timepoints
 
+audio_frame_values = [
+    2 * [frame_function(t, freq)]
+    for freq in notes.values()
+    for t in np.arange(0, note_duration, 1.0 / sample_rate)
+]
 # Create an AudioArrayClip from the audio samples
-audio_clip = AudioArrayClip(audio_array, fps=sample_rate)
+audio_clip = AudioArrayClip(np.array(audio_frame_values), fps=sample_rate)
 
 # Write the audio clip to a WAV file
 audio_clip.write_audiofile("result.wav", fps=44100)

docs/_static/code/user_guide/loading/AudioClip.py

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-from moviepy import *
+from moviepy import AudioClip
 import numpy as np
 
-# Producing a sinewave of 440 Hz -> note A
-frame_function_audio = lambda t: np.sin(440 * 2 * np.pi * t)
 
-# AUDIO CLIPS
-clip = AudioClip(frame_function_audio, duration=3)
+def audio_frame(t):
+    """Producing a sinewave of 440 Hz -> note A"""
+    return np.sin(440 * 2 * np.pi * t)
+
+
+audio_clip = AudioClip(frame_function=audio_frame, duration=3)

docs/_static/code/user_guide/loading/AudioFileClip.py

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from moviepy import *
-import numpy as np
 
 # Works for audio files, but also videos file where you only want the keep the audio track
 clip = AudioFileClip("example.wav")

docs/_static/code/user_guide/loading/ColorClip.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-from moviepy import *
+from moviepy import ColorClip
 
-myclip = ColorClip(
-    size=(200, 100), color=(255, 0, 0), duration=1
-)  # Color is passed as a RGB tuple
-myclip.write_videofile(
-    "result.mp4", fps=1
-)  # We really dont need more than 1 fps do we ?
+# Color is passed as a RGB tuple
+myclip = ColorClip(size=(200, 100), color=(255, 0, 0), duration=1)
+# We really dont need more than 1 fps do we ?
+myclip.write_videofile("result.mp4", fps=1)