This paper presents a box-model simulation, implemented in Python, to analyze the concentration of δ¹³C in the Atmosphere, Biosphere, and upper Ocean. Model parameterization was achieved through a statistical comparison of the root mean square error (RMSE) between modeled data and available measurements. Findings indicate a constant fixed difference of 9.43‰ between the δ¹³C of the atmosphere and the ocean surface, confirming an estimated annual flux of about 110 petagram of carbon a year (
A linear regression analysis yielded a simple equation relating the oceanic carbon sink to the annual
The utilization of this equation predicted an overestimation of 23
Adding this calculated 17
Lastly, this paper refutes the greening claim by clarifying that the biosphere in GCP encompasses all forms of terrestrial ecosystem carbon, living and dead. Additionally, bookkeeping records indicate deforestation rather than greening. The model further invalidates the greening claim by demonstrating that if other sinks are subtracted from the residual, there would be a continuous decrease in the biosphere in the all modelled 173 year.
Through this research, attempts have been made to elucidate the shift in biospheric elements and to assess the magnitude and impact of human-induced environmental destruction.