feat(go): use toolchain as stdlib version for go.mod files

docs/docs/coverage/language/golang.md

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ The table below provides an outline of the features Trivy offers.
 
 | Artifact | Offline[^1] | Dev dependencies | [Dependency graph][dependency-graph] | Stdlib | [Detection Priority][detection-priority] |
 |----------|:-----------:|:-----------------|:------------------------------------:|:------:|:----------------------------------------:|
-| Modules  |      ✅      | Include          |                ✅[^2]                 |   -    |                    -                     |
+| Modules  |      ✅      | Include          |                ✅[^2]                 | ✅[^6]  |               [✅](#stdlib)               |
 | Binaries |      ✅      | Exclude          |                  -                   | ✅[^4]  |                Not needed                |
 
 !!! note
@@ -65,6 +65,23 @@ To identify licenses and dependency relationships, you need to download modules
 such as `go mod download`, `go mod tidy`, etc.
 Trivy traverses `$GOPATH/pkg/mod` and collects those extra information.
 
+#### stdlib
+If [--detection-priority comprehensive][detection-priority] is passed, Trivy determines the minimum version of `Go` and saves it as a `stdlib` dependency.
+
+By default, `Go` selects the higher version from of `toolchan` or local version of `Go`. 
+See [toolchain] for more details.
+
+To obtain reproducible scan results Trivy doesn't check the local version of `Go`.
+Trivy shows the minimum required version for the `go.mod` file, obtained from `toolchain` line (or from the `go` line, if `toolchain` line is omitted).
+
+!!! note
+    Trivy detects `stdlib` only for `Go` 1.21 or higher.
+
+    The version from the `go` line (for `Go` 1.20 or early) is not a minimum required version.
+    For details, see [this](https://go.googlesource.com/proposal/+/master/design/57001-gotoolchain.md).
+
+
+
 ### Go binaries
 Trivy scans binaries built by Go, which include [module information](https://tip.golang.org/doc/go1.18#go-version).
 If there is a Go binary in your container image, Trivy automatically finds and scans it.
@@ -93,6 +110,8 @@ empty if it cannot do so[^5]. For the second case, the version of such packages
 [^3]: See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/issues/1837#issuecomment-1832523477
 [^4]: Identify the Go version used to compile the binary and detect its vulnerabilities
 [^5]: See https://github.com/golang/go/issues/63432#issuecomment-1751610604
+[^6]: Only available if `toolchain` directive exists
 
 [dependency-graph]: ../../configuration/reporting.md#show-origins-of-vulnerable-dependencies
+[toolchain]: https://go.dev/doc/toolchain
 [detection-priority]: ../../scanner/vulnerability.md#detection-priority

pkg/dependency/parser/golang/mod/parse.go

@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@ var (
 )
 
 type Parser struct {
-	replace bool // 'replace' represents if the 'replace' directive should be taken into account.
+	replace       bool // 'replace' represents if the 'replace' directive should be taken into account.
+	useMinVersion bool
 }
 
-func NewParser(replace bool) *Parser {
+func NewParser(replace, useMinVersion bool) *Parser {
 	return &Parser{
-		replace: replace,
+		replace:       replace,
+		useMinVersion: useMinVersion,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +82,21 @@ func (p *Parser) Parse(r xio.ReadSeekerAt) ([]ftypes.Package, []ftypes.Dependenc
 
 	skipIndirect := true
 	if modFileParsed.Go != nil { // Old go.mod file may not include the go version. Go version for these files  is less than 1.17
-		skipIndirect = lessThan117(modFileParsed.Go.Version)
+		skipIndirect = lessThan(modFileParsed.Go.Version, 1, 17)
+	}
+
+	// Use minimal required go version from `toolchain` line (or from `go` line if `toolchain` is omitted) as `stdlib`.
+	// Show `stdlib` only with `useMinVersion` flag.
+	if toolchainVer := toolchainVersion(modFileParsed.Toolchain, modFileParsed.Go); p.useMinVersion && toolchainVer != "" {
+		pkgs["stdlib"] = ftypes.Package{
+			ID:           packageID("stdlib", toolchainVer),
+			Name:         "stdlib",
+			Version:      toolchainVer,
+			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipDirect, // Considered a direct dependency as the main module depends on the standard packages.
+		}
+	}
+	if toolchain := modFileParsed.Toolchain; toolchain != nil {
+
 	}
 
 	// Main module
@@ -150,8 +166,12 @@ func (p *Parser) Parse(r xio.ReadSeekerAt) ([]ftypes.Package, []ftypes.Dependenc
 	return lo.Values(pkgs), nil, nil
 }
 
-// Check if the Go version is less than 1.17
-func lessThan117(ver string) bool {
+// lessThan checks if the Go version is less than `<majorVer>.<minorVer>`
+func lessThan(ver string, majorVer, minorVer int) bool {
+	if ver == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+
 	ss := strings.Split(ver, ".")
 	if len(ss) != 2 {
 		return false
@@ -165,7 +185,55 @@ func lessThan117(ver string) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	return major <= 1 && minor < 17
+	return major <= majorVer && minor < minorVer
+}
+
+// toolchainVersion returns version from `toolchain`.
+// If `toolchain` is omitted - return version from `go` line (if it is version in toolchain format)
+// cf. https://go.dev/doc/toolchain
+func toolchainVersion(toolchain *modfile.Toolchain, goVer *modfile.Go) string {
+	if toolchain != nil && toolchain.Name != "" {
+		// cf. https://go.dev/doc/toolchain#name
+		// `dropping the initial go and discarding off any suffix beginning with -`
+		// e.g. `go1.22.5-custom` => `1.22.5`
+		name, _, _ := strings.Cut(toolchain.Name, "-")
+		return strings.TrimPrefix(name, "go")
+	}
+
+	if goVer != nil {
+		return toolchainVersionFromGoLine(goVer.Version)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// toolchainVersionFromGoLine detects Go version from `go` line if `toolchain` line is omitted.
+// `go` line supports the following formats:
+// cf. https://go.dev/doc/toolchain#version
+//   - `1.N.P`. e.g. `1.22.0`
+//   - `1.N`. e.g. `1.22`
+//   - `1.NrcR`. e.g. `1.22rc1`
+//   - `1.NbetaR`. e.g. `1.18beta1` - only for Go 1.20 or earlier
+func toolchainVersionFromGoLine(ver string) string {
+	var majorMinorVer string
+
+	if ss := strings.Split(ver, "."); len(ss) > 2 { // `1.N.P`
+		majorMinorVer = strings.Join(ss[:2], ".")
+	} else if v, _, rcFound := strings.Cut(ver, "rc"); rcFound { // `1.NrcR`
+		majorMinorVer = v
+	} else { // `1.N`
+		majorMinorVer = ver
+		// Add `.0` suffix to avoid user confusing.
+		// See https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pull/7163#discussion_r1682424315
+		ver = v + ".0"
+	}
+
+	// `toolchain` has been added in go 1.21.
+	// So we need to check that Go version is 1.21 or higher.
+	// cf. https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pull/7163#discussion_r1682424315
+	if lessThan(majorMinorVer, 1, 21) {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return ver
 }
 
 func packageID(name, version string) string {

pkg/dependency/parser/golang/mod/parse_test.go

@@ -7,22 +7,31 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/mod/modfile"
 
 	ftypes "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/fanal/types"
 )
 
 func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		file    string
-		replace bool
-		want    []ftypes.Package
+		name          string
+		file          string
+		replace       bool
+		useMinVersion bool
+		want          []ftypes.Package
 	}{
+		{
+			name:          "normal with stdlib",
+			file:          "testdata/normal/go.mod",
+			replace:       true,
+			useMinVersion: true,
+			want:          GoModNormal,
+		},
 		{
 			name:    "normal",
 			file:    "testdata/normal/go.mod",
 			replace: true,
-			want:    GoModNormal,
+			want:    GoModNormalWithoutStdlib,
 		},
 		{
 			name:    "without go version",
@@ -85,7 +94,7 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 			f, err := os.Open(tt.file)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
-			got, _, err := NewParser(tt.replace).Parse(f)
+			got, _, err := NewParser(tt.replace, tt.useMinVersion).Parse(f)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 
 			sort.Sort(ftypes.Packages(got))
@@ -95,3 +104,90 @@ func TestParse(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestToolchainVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		modFile modfile.File
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "version from toolchain line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Toolchain: &modfile.Toolchain{
+					Name: "1.21.1",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "1.21.1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "version from toolchain line with suffix",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Toolchain: &modfile.Toolchain{
+					Name: "1.21.1-custom",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "1.21.1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "'1.18rc1' from go line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Go: &modfile.Go{
+					Version: "1.18rc1",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "'1.18.1' from go line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Go: &modfile.Go{
+					Version: "1.18.1",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "'1.20' from go line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Go: &modfile.Go{
+					Version: "1.20",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "'1.21' from go line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Go: &modfile.Go{
+					Version: "1.21",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "1.21.0",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "'1.21rc1' from go line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Go: &modfile.Go{
+					Version: "1.21rc1",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "1.21rc1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "'1.21.2' from go line",
+			modFile: modfile.File{
+				Go: &modfile.Go{
+					Version: "1.21.2",
+				},
+			},
+			want: "1.21.2",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			require.Equal(t, tt.want, toolchainVersion(tt.modFile.Toolchain, tt.modFile.Go))
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/dependency/parser/golang/mod/parse_testcase.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package mod
 
-import ftypes "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/fanal/types"
+import (
+	"slices"
+
+	ftypes "github.com/aquasecurity/trivy/pkg/fanal/types"
+)
 
 var (
 	// execute go mod tidy in normal folder
@@ -17,37 +21,71 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			ID:           "github.com/aquasecurity/[email protected]",
-			Name:         "github.com/aquasecurity/go-dep-parser",
-			Version:      "0.0.0-20211224170007-df43bca6b6ff",
+			ID:           "[email protected]",
+			Name:         "stdlib",
+			Version:      "1.22.5",
+			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipDirect,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:           "github.com/aquasecurity/[email protected]",
+			Name:         "github.com/aquasecurity/go-version",
+			Version:      "0.0.0-20240603093900-cf8a8d29271d",
 			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipDirect,
 			ExternalReferences: []ftypes.ExternalRef{
 				{
 					Type: ftypes.RefVCS,
-					URL:  "https://github.com/aquasecurity/go-dep-parser",
+					URL:  "https://github.com/aquasecurity/go-version",
 				},
 			},
 		},
 		{
-			ID:           "golang.org/x/[email protected]",
-			Name:         "golang.org/x/xerrors",
-			Version:      "0.0.0-20200804184101-5ec99f83aff1",
+			ID:           "github.com/davecgh/[email protected]",
+			Name:         "github.com/davecgh/go-spew",
+			Version:      "1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc",
+			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipIndirect,
+			ExternalReferences: []ftypes.ExternalRef{
+				{
+					Type: ftypes.RefVCS,
+					URL:  "https://github.com/davecgh/go-spew",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:           "github.com/pmezard/[email protected]",
+			Name:         "github.com/pmezard/go-difflib",
+			Version:      "1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2",
 			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipIndirect,
+			ExternalReferences: []ftypes.ExternalRef{
+				{
+					Type: ftypes.RefVCS,
+					URL:  "https://github.com/pmezard/go-difflib",
+				},
+			},
 		},
 		{
-			ID:           "gopkg.in/[email protected]",
-			Name:         "gopkg.in/yaml.v3",
-			Version:      "3.0.0-20210107192922-496545a6307b",
+			ID:           "github.com/stretchr/[email protected]",
+			Name:         "github.com/stretchr/testify",
+			Version:      "1.9.0",
 			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipIndirect,
 			ExternalReferences: []ftypes.ExternalRef{
 				{
 					Type: ftypes.RefVCS,
-					URL:  "https://github.com/go-yaml/yaml",
+					URL:  "https://github.com/stretchr/testify",
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:           "golang.org/x/[email protected]",
+			Name:         "golang.org/x/xerrors",
+			Version:      "0.0.0-20231012003039-104605ab7028",
+			Relationship: ftypes.RelationshipIndirect,
+		},
 	}
 
+	GoModNormalWithoutStdlib = slices.DeleteFunc(slices.Clone(GoModNormal), func(f ftypes.Package) bool {
+		return f.Name == "stdlib"
+	})
+
 	// execute go mod tidy in replaced folder
 	GoModReplaced = []ftypes.Package{
 		{