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correcting by removing the visible html
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elizabethcbailey committed Jan 16, 2025
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18 changes: 9 additions & 9 deletions validation/Gravity retaining wall - back analysis/details.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ A summary of the geometry and key parameters is presented below.

Gofer can be used to model and assess the stability of a gravity retaining wall. We modelled the existing gravity retaining wall to get the existing FoS (Model 1) and then used the second model to understand how it would be impacted by a new structure (in Model 2). The results can be visually compared.


#### Model 1: Initial conditions

The initial model simulated a gravity retaining wall and included graded backfill in its geometry.
Expand All @@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ As you can see in the image above:
- Groundwater is modelled at the underside of the wall.
- An interface was modelled along the underside of the L section wall, with a dummy plate.


#### Model 2: Impact of new construction behind the wall

After copying the initial model in Gofer, we were ready to proceed to refining the conditions with the inclusion of a new construction behind the wall. This we represented as a buried structural element and a 100kPa applied load as follows:
Expand All @@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ We included Interfaces along this structure. We opted to keep it simple in this
| Friction angle | 33º | 38º | n/a |
| Interface reduction factor | 0.67 | 0.67 | n/a |


#### Structural parameters

| | Dummy structure beneath L section wall | New structure behind wall |
Expand All @@ -57,37 +60,34 @@ We included Interfaces along this structure. We opted to keep it simple in this

We assumed the following construction sequence:

<div class="begin-examples"></div>

#### Existing conditions
1. Initialisation
2. Build gravity wall
3. Backfill behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
5. Calculate existing FoS
<div class="end-examples"></div>

<div class="begin-examples"></div>

#### New construction
1. Initialisation
2. Build gravity wall
3. Backfill behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
5. Build the new structure behind the wall
6. Apply the new 100kPa loading behind the wall
7. Calculate new FoS

<div class="end-examples"></div>

### Output and comparison to Plaxis

| | Gofer | Plaxis |
|---|---|---|
| Existing gravity wall FoS | 1.54 <p>![Gofer results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png) </p>| 1.55 <p>![Plaxis results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png)</p>|
| Existing gravity wall FoS | 1.54| 1.55 |
||![Gofer results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png) | ![Plaxis results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png) |
| Resultant movement vector of wall from new construction | 24 to 27mm | 25 to 33 mm |
| Lateral sliding of wall base from new construction | 17mm | 21 mm |
| New gravity wall FoS | 1.22 <p>![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) </p>| 1.20 <p>![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) </p>|
| New gravity wall FoS | 1.22 | 1.20 |
| | ![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) | ![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) |

We used Gofer to assess the existing stability of a gravity L section retaining wall. We then proceeded to assess the impact on that wall of a proposed construction behind it, both in terms of displacements and reduction in factor of safety. The results compare well to an equivalent analysis done using Plaxis 2D v2024.

Expand Down
18 changes: 9 additions & 9 deletions validation/Gravity retaining wall - new structure/details.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ A summary of the geometry and key parameters is presented below.

Gofer can be used to model and assess the stability of a gravity retaining wall. We modelled the existing gravity retaining wall to get the existing FoS (Model 1) and then used the second model to understand how it would be impacted by a new structure (in Model 2). The results can be visually compared.


#### Model 1: Initial conditions

The initial model simulated a gravity retaining wall and included graded backfill in its geometry.
Expand All @@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ As you can see in the image above:
- Groundwater is modelled at the underside of the wall.
- An interface was modelled along the underside of the L section wall, with a dummy plate.


#### Model 2: Impact of new construction behind the wall

After copying the initial model in Gofer, we were ready to proceed to refining the conditions with the inclusion of a new construction behind the wall. This we represented as a buried structural element and a 100kPa applied load as follows:
Expand All @@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ We included Interfaces along this structure. We opted to keep it simple in this
| Friction angle | 33º | 38º | n/a |
| Interface reduction factor | 0.67 | 0.67 | n/a |


#### Structural parameters

| | Dummy structure beneath L section wall | New structure behind wall |
Expand All @@ -57,37 +60,34 @@ We included Interfaces along this structure. We opted to keep it simple in this

We assumed the following construction sequence:

<div class="begin-examples"></div>

#### Existing conditions
1. Initialisation
2. Build gravity wall
3. Backfill behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
5. Calculate existing FoS
<div class="end-examples"></div>

<div class="begin-examples"></div>

#### New construction
1. Initialisation
2. Build gravity wall
3. Backfill behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
4. Apply 10kPa load behind the wall
5. Build the new structure behind the wall
6. Apply the new 100kPa loading behind the wall
7. Calculate new FoS

<div class="end-examples"></div>

### Output and comparison to Plaxis

| | Gofer | Plaxis |
|---|---|---|
| Existing gravity wall FoS | 1.54 <p>![Gofer results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png) </p>| 1.55 <p>![Plaxis results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png)</p>|
| Existing gravity wall FoS | 1.54| 1.55 |
||![Gofer results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png) | ![Plaxis results with existing gravity wall FoS](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_existing-gravity-wall-FoS.png) |
| Resultant movement vector of wall from new construction | 24 to 27mm | 25 to 33 mm |
| Lateral sliding of wall base from new construction | 17mm | 21 mm |
| New gravity wall FoS | 1.22 <p>![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) </p>| 1.20 <p>![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) </p>|
| New gravity wall FoS | 1.22 | 1.20 |
| | ![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Gofer_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) | ![gofer-slope](https://b2c-templates-arup.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/gofer/validationImages/Plaxis_new-gravity-wall-FoS.png) |

We used Gofer to assess the existing stability of a gravity L section retaining wall. We then proceeded to assess the impact on that wall of a proposed construction behind it, both in terms of displacements and reduction in factor of safety. The results compare well to an equivalent analysis done using Plaxis 2D v2024.

Expand Down

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