upgrade of the CI workflow

[christophkloeffel]

• alters cvc5 dependency in order to install it when possible (will be irrelevant in the future as soon as the windows python binding is released)
• removes div_by_zero test because the generated output does change dependant on the OS (Linter produces OS dependant output #78)
• updates the version of GitHub Actions so that they are running on Node 20 instead of 16 (https://github.blog/changelog/2023-09-22-github-actions-transitioning-from-node-16-to-node-20/#:~:text=Node%2016%20has%20reached%20its,before%20finalizing%20the%20transition%20date.)
• adds OS matrix to run CI Tests on all supported platforms -> windows will be added as soon as cvc5 python binding is released
• made it that the "PyLint" job needs the "TestSuite" to complete without error in order to use the PyLint job as the "required" status check in the branch protection configuration section. Currently GitHub does not support a proper way to configure it that all triggered CI jobs have to complete without any errors in order to be able to merge the PR. (https://github.com/orgs/community/discussions/13690)