[Python3] Add ExtendedParticle class

[MBSck]

I added a new class to the python implementation of optool.
The ParticleExtended which uses as its base and extend theoptool.particle class.

This extension is based on the optool.particle class and enables the end-user to...

• Automatically generate cache files to avoid multiple calculation in a user-specified folder
• Enables the input of parameters directly to the ExtendedParticle class which then generates the for optool needed wavelength file and the command line argument to pass to optool.
• It stores additional parameters that might be of use for the end-user.

I programmed this a bit ago to use optool to play around with some different particles embedded in other code and thought it might be useful to directly implement it in optool directly as well.

In the future the ExtendedParticle class could be merged with the optool.particle class directly.
This has not been tested directly embedded in optool itself but should work as it is.

[MBSck]

Short addendum: The way the annotations are written might conflict with python versions older than 3.9.
If compatibility with those earlier versions is wished then I can rewrite this quickly to support those versions.

And I can also squash the three commits into one.