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   <h1>Resilience</h1>
 
-<h2 id="test-resilience-and-fallback">Test resilience and fallback<a class="headerlink" href="#test-resilience-and-fallback" title="Permanent link">&para;</a></h2>
-<p>The original Spring Cloud version of PetClinic used <a href="https://resilience4j.readme.io/docs">Resilience4j</a> to <a href="https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-cloud/blob/master/spring-petclinic-api-gateway/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/api/ApiGatewayApplication.java#L83">configure calls to the visit service with a timeout of 4 seconds</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-cloud/blob/master/spring-petclinic-api-gateway/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/api/boundary/web/ApiGatewayController.java#L56">a fallback to return an empty list of visits</a> in the event that the request to get visits timed out (took longer).</p>
-<p>Spring Cloud was removed.  We can replace this configuration with an Istio Custom Resource.</p>
+<p>The original Spring Cloud version of PetClinic used <a href="https://resilience4j.readme.io/docs">Resilience4j</a> to <a href="https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-cloud/blob/master/spring-petclinic-api-gateway/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/api/ApiGatewayApplication.java#L83">configure calls to the visit service with a timeout of 4 seconds</a>, and <a href="https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-cloud/blob/master/spring-petclinic-api-gateway/src/main/java/org/springframework/samples/petclinic/api/boundary/web/ApiGatewayController.java#L56">a fallback to return an empty list of visits</a> in the event that the request to get visits timed out.</p>
+<p>In this version of the application, the Spring Cloud dependencies were removed.  We can replace this configuration with an Istio Custom Resource.</p>
 <p>The file <a href="https://github.com/spring-petclinic/spring-petclinic-istio/blob/master/manifests/config/timeouts.yaml"><code>timeouts.yaml</code></a> configures the equivalent 4s timeout on requests to the <code>visits</code> service, replacing the previous Resilience4j-based implementation.</p>
 <details class="tldr">
 <summary>timeouts.yaml</summary>
@@ -544,35 +484,61 @@ <h2 id="test-resilience-and-fallback">Test resilience and fallback<a class="head
 <ol>
 <li>
 <p>Call <code>visits-service</code> directly:</p>
+<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="1:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_1_1" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_1_2" name="__tabbed_1" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_1_1">bash shell</label><label for="__tabbed_1_2">fish shell</label></div>
+<div class="tabbed-content">
+<div class="tabbed-block">
 <div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>visits-service:8080/pets/visits?petId<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
 </code></pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="tabbed-block">
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>visits-service:8080/pets/visits<span class="se">\?</span><span class="nv">petId</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
+</code></pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
 <p>Observe the call succeed and return a list of visits for this particular pet.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Call the <code>petclinic-frontend</code> endpoint, and note that for each pet, we see a list of visits:</p>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>petclinic-frontend:8080/api/gateway/owners/6<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>petclinic-frontend:8080/api/gateway/owners/6<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
 </code></pre></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Edit the deployment manifest for the <code>visits-service</code> so that the environment variable <code>DELAY_MILLIS</code> is set to the value "5000" (which is 5 seconds).  One way to do this is to edit the file with (then save and exit):</p>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>edit<span class="w"> </span>deploy<span class="w"> </span>visits-v1
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>edit<span class="w"> </span>deploy<span class="w"> </span>visits-v1
 </code></pre></div>
+<p>Wait until the new pod has rolled out and become ready.</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Once the new <code>visits-service</code> pod reaches <em>Ready</em> status, make the same call again:</p>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span>visits-service:8080/pets/visits?petId<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
+<div class="tabbed-set tabbed-alternate" data-tabs="2:2"><input checked="checked" id="__tabbed_2_1" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><input id="__tabbed_2_2" name="__tabbed_2" type="radio" /><div class="tabbed-labels"><label for="__tabbed_2_1">bash shell</label><label for="__tabbed_2_2">fish shell</label></div>
+<div class="tabbed-content">
+<div class="tabbed-block">
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span>visits-service:8080/pets/visits?petId<span class="o">=</span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
 </code></pre></div>
+</div>
+<div class="tabbed-block">
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-v<span class="w"> </span>visits-service:8080/pets/visits<span class="se">\?</span><span class="nv">petId</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="m">8</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
+</code></pre></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
 <p>Observe the 504 (Gateway timeout) response this time around (because it exceeds the 4-second timeout).</p>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>Call the <code>petclinic-frontend</code> endpoint once more, and note that for each pet, the list of visits is empty:</p>
-<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>petclinic-frontend:8080/api/gateway/owners/6<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">exec</span><span class="w"> </span>deploy/sleep<span class="w"> </span>--<span class="w"> </span>curl<span class="w"> </span>-s<span class="w"> </span>petclinic-frontend:8080/api/gateway/owners/6<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span>jq
+</code></pre></div>
+<p>That is, the call succeeds, the timeout is caught, and the fallback empty list of visits is returned in its place.</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>Tail the logs of <code>petclinic-frontend</code> and observe a log message indicating the fallback was triggered.</p>
+<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a>kubectl<span class="w"> </span>logs<span class="w"> </span>--follow<span class="w"> </span>svc/petclinic-frontend
 </code></pre></div>
-<p>That is, the call succeeds, the timeout is caught, and the fallback empty list of visits is returned in its place.
-Tail the logs of <code>petclinic-frontend</code> and observe a log message indicating the fallback was triggered.</p>
 </li>
 </ol>
-<p>To restore the original behavior with no delay, edit the <code>visits-v1</code> deployment again and set the environment variable value to "0".</p>
+<p>Restore the original behavior with no delay:  edit the <code>visits-v1</code> deployment again and set the environment variable value to "0".</p>
+<p>Let us next turn our attention to security-related configuration.</p>