[8.17](backport #41862) [filebeat][gcs] - Added support for retry config

[mergify]

Type of change

• Enhancement

Proposed commit message

• Added support for retry config

NOTE

Ignore the commit history as this resulted separating this PR from an earlier PR and the subsequent merges that occurred to keep the changes consistent across.

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
  - [ ] I have made corresponding change to the default configuration files
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added an entry in CHANGELOG.next.asciidoc or CHANGELOG-developer.next.asciidoc.

Disruptive User Impact

Author's Checklist

• [ ]

How to test this PR locally

Related issues

• Closes Add configurable retry policy for GCS integration connection failures integrations#11580
• Relates [Meta][GCS] - Improvements and addition of new features to the GCS input #41107
• Superseds [filebeat][gcs] - Added retry config & refactored the default config options #41699

Use cases

Screenshots

Logs

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This is an automatic backport of pull request #41862 done by [Mergify](https://mergify.com).

[botelastic]

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