Update RU translations

src/edu/en/fundamentals/core/blockchains-explained.md

@@ -1,35 +1,34 @@
-# Blockchains Explained
+# Блокчейн: как это работает
 
+Давайте разберемся, как работают Bitcoin и другие ведущие криптовалюты. Что делает их особенными и чем они отличаются от традиционных денег на вашем банковском счете?
 
-Let’s explore how Bitcoin and other top-tier cryptocurrencies work. What makes them special, and how are they different from traditional money in your bank account?
+Bitcoin и ведущие криптовалюты, такие как Ethereum, работают на основе **технологии блокчейн**. Эта технология позволяет миллионам независимых устройств (телефонам, компьютерам, серверам и т.д.) безопасно совершать транзакции в режиме реального времени без участия центрального органа управления.
 
-Bitcoin and top-tier cryptocurrencies like Ethereum are powered by **blockchain technology**. This technology enables millions of independent entities (phones, computers, servers, etc.) to transact securely in real time without relying on a central authority.
+Каждый блокчейн работает через публично открытую программу (часть кода), которая позволяет пользователям отправлять транзакции друг другу и отслеживает их балансы.
 
-Every blockchain operates through a publicly open software program (a piece of code) that allows users to send transactions to one another and tracks their balances.
+Что делает блокчейн особенным?
+Технология блокчейн уникальна благодаря следующим характеристикам:
 
-What Makes Blockchain Special?
-Blockchain technology is unique due to the following characteristics:
+- 📡 **Распределенность:**
 
-- 📡 **Distributed:**
+Вместо хранения в одном централизованном месте, блокчейн позволяет хранить историю транзакций одновременно в тысячах мест. Каждый участник имеет копию, которая обновляется практически в реальном времени.
 
-Instead of being stored in a single centralized location, the blockchain allows the transaction history to be held in thousands of locations simultaneously. Every participant keeps a copy, which is updated in near real-time.
+- **🔗 Равноправное взаимодействие:**
 
-- **🔗 Peer-to-Peer:**
+Любой участник может добавить новую транзакцию в глобальную историю транзакций, общаясь с любым узлом в сети. Затем эта транзакция распространяется на все остальные узлы этой сети. Отсутствие "единой точки доступа" обеспечивает круглосуточную доступность и безусловный доступ к участию.
 
-Any participant can add a new transaction to the global transaction history by communicating with any entity on the network. This transaction is then propagated to all other entities on that network. The absence of a “single point of access” ensures 24/7 availability and unconditional access to participation.
+- **🔍 Прозрачность:**
 
-- **🔍 Transparent:**
+Блокчейны обычно прозрачны, что означает, что вся история транзакций публична и доступна для изучения любому желающему. Хотя транзакции публичны, личности участвующих сторон скрыты: третьи стороны могут видеть, что происходит, но не могут определить, кто именно участвовал.
 
-Blockchains are generally transparent, meaning the entire transaction history is public and accessible for anyone to scrutinize. While transactions are public, the identities of the entities involved are masked: third parties can see what’s happening but cannot identify who exactly was involved.
+- **🔒 Неизменность:**
 
-- **🔒 Immutable:**
+После совершения транзакции ее невозможно отменить. Это гарантирует, что никто не может изменить историю транзакций.
 
-Once a transaction has taken place, it cannot be reversed. This ensures that no entity can alter the transaction history.
+- **⚖️ Демократичность:**
 
-- **⚖️ Democratic:**
+Все участники сети равны и подчиняются одному набору правил. Если кто-то пытается действовать вне согласованных правил, его действия будут проигнорированы другими участниками.
 
-All network participants are equal and abide by the same set of rules. If one entity tries to act outside the agreed-upon rules, their actions will be disregarded by other participants.
+Например, блокчейн Bitcoin - это по сути большая сеть устройств (компьютеров, майнеров и т.д.), работающих на открытом программном обеспечении Bitcoin. Эти устройства постоянно общаются друг с другом и ведут учет транзакций Bitcoin между участниками сети (т.е. кошельками).
 
-For instance, a blockchain like Bitcoin is essentially a large network of devices (computers, miners, etc.) running open-source Bitcoin software. These devices continuously communicate with each other and maintain a record of Bitcoin transactions conducted between network participants (i.e., wallets).
-
-In this way, Bitcoin aims to provide a financial platform for secure value exchange without relying on gatekeepers or intermediaries like banks.
+Таким образом, Bitcoin стремится предоставить финансовую платформу для безопасного обмена ценностями без опоры на контролеров или посредников, таких как банки.

src/edu/ru/bitcoin/bitcoin-economics/bitcoin-as-a-cryptocurrency.md

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
-# Bitcoin as a Cryptocurrency
+# Bitcoin as a Cryptocurrency 💰
 
-### BTC as the Native Unit
+### BTC as the Native Unit 
 
-Bitcoin (BTC) is the main currency used on the Bitcoin network. It is the first decentralized digital currency and is recognized globally as a new form of money. All transactions within the network are settled in BTC, making it the primary unit of value.
+Bitcoin (BTC) is the main currency used on the Bitcoin network. It is the **first decentralized digital currency** and is recognized globally as a new form of money. All transactions within the network are settled in BTC, making it the primary unit of value. 🌍
 
-### Scarcity and Practical Supply
+#### 📊 Scarcity and Practical Supply 📊
 
-Bitcoin’s fixed supply is capped at 21 million coins, making it scarce by design. However, the actual number of Bitcoins available is even smaller. Many Bitcoins have been lost due to forgotten passwords or misplaced wallets, reducing the number of coins that can ever be used. It’s estimated that about 4 million Bitcoins are gone forever, and a large number of Bitcoins are held by long-term investors who rarely sell.
+Bitcoin's fixed supply is capped at **21 million coins**, making it scarce by design. However, the actual number of Bitcoins available is even smaller. Many Bitcoins have been lost due to forgotten passwords or misplaced wallets, reducing the number of coins that can ever be used. It's estimated that about 4 million Bitcoins are gone forever, and a large number of Bitcoins are held by long-term investors who rarely sell. 🔒
 
-In practical terms, the number of Bitcoins actively traded on exchanges or distributed through mining rewards and ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) is much smaller than the theoretical supply. This real-world scarcity makes Bitcoin even more valuable over time.
+In practical terms, the number of Bitcoins actively traded on exchanges or distributed through mining rewards and ETFs (Exchange-Traded Funds) is much smaller than the theoretical supply. This real-world scarcity makes Bitcoin even more valuable over time. 📈
 
-### Divisibility and Satoshis
+#### 🔢 Divisibility and Satoshis 
 
-Even though Bitcoin is scarce, it’s highly divisible. Each Bitcoin can be broken down into 100 million units, known as **Satoshis**. This means you don’t need to buy a whole Bitcoin to use it—small fractions can be used for everyday transactions, making Bitcoin accessible to anyone.
+Even though Bitcoin is scarce, it's highly divisible. Each Bitcoin can be broken down into 100 million units, known as **Satoshis**. This means you don't need to buy a whole Bitcoin to use it—small fractions can be used for everyday transactions, making Bitcoin accessible to anyone. 🔬

src/edu/ru/bitcoin/bitcoin-economics/bitcoin-mining.md

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
-# Bitcoin Mining**
+# Bitcoin Mining ⛏️
 
-### Creation and Circulation
+#### 🔄 Creation and Circulation 
 
-Bitcoin mining is the process through which new Bitcoins enter circulation. This involves specialized computers, known as miners, solving puzzles to validate transactions on the Bitcoin network. Successful miners are rewarded with newly created Bitcoin. Every 10 minutes, a new block is added to the blockchain, and the reward is given to the miner who solved the puzzle.
+Bitcoin mining is the process through which new Bitcoins enter circulation. This involves specialized computers, known as miners, solving puzzles to validate transactions on the Bitcoin network. Successful miners are rewarded with newly created Bitcoin. Every 10 minutes, a new block is added to the blockchain, and the reward is given to the miner who solved the puzzle. ⏱️
 
-Initially, the reward was 50 BTC per block, but it halves every four years in an event called the **halving**. Currently, the reward is 6.25 BTC per block, and it will continue to decrease until Bitcoin's total supply reaches 21 million.
+Initially, the reward was 50 BTC per block, but it halves every four years in an event called the **halving**. Currently, the reward is 6.25 BTC per block, and it will continue to decrease until Bitcoin's total supply reaches 21 million. 📉
 
-### Proof of Work (PoW) and Mining Difficulty
+#### 🧮 Proof of Work (PoW) and Mining Difficulty 
 
-Bitcoin operates on a system called **Proof of Work (PoW)**, where miners compete to solve puzzles that require immense computational power. The more miners compete, the harder the puzzles become. The difficulty adjusts every two weeks to maintain a steady flow of new blocks, regardless of how much computing power is added.
+Bitcoin operates on a system called **Proof of Work (PoW)**, where miners compete to solve puzzles that require immense computational power. The more miners compete, the harder the puzzles become. The difficulty adjusts every two weeks to maintain a steady flow of new blocks, regardless of how much computing power is added. 💻
 
-To give an idea of the scale: Bitcoin’s network now processes such an enormous amount of computing power that it surpasses even the world's most powerful supercomputers. The computing power behind Bitcoin is greater than anything humanity has built, illustrating the sheer size and security of the network.
+To give an idea of the scale: Bitcoin's network now processes such an enormous amount of computing power that it surpasses even the world's most powerful supercomputers. The computing power behind Bitcoin is greater than anything humanity has built, illustrating the sheer size and security of the network. 🌐
 
-### Global Mining Efforts
+#### 🌍 Global Mining Efforts 
 
-As Bitcoin grew in value, large-scale operations entered the mining space, from energy companies to governments. Mining is no longer limited to individuals but has evolved into an industrial-scale operation. In some countries, like the U.S. and Kazakhstan, Bitcoin mining is now seen as a strategic asset, with renewable energy sources and excess power being used to mine Bitcoin. The involvement of governments and corporations highlights Bitcoin’s global importance and shows how it has become intertwined with the energy industry.
+As Bitcoin grew in value, large-scale operations entered the mining space, from energy companies to governments. Mining is no longer limited to individuals but has evolved into an industrial-scale operation. In some countries, like the U.S. and Kazakhstan, Bitcoin mining is now seen as a strategic asset, with renewable energy sources and excess power being used to mine Bitcoin. The involvement of governments and corporations highlights Bitcoin's global importance and shows how it has become intertwined with the energy industry. ⚡
 
-### Halving Events
+#### ✂️ Halving Events 
 
-Approximately every four years, the reward miners receive for creating new Bitcoin is halved, a process known as a **halving event**. This limits the supply of new Bitcoin and is crucial to Bitcoin's deflationary nature. The first halving occurred in 2012, and the reward has since decreased from 50 BTC per block to the current 6.25 BTC. Halving events ensure that Bitcoin's supply remains scarce over time, increasing its potential value as new Bitcoin becomes harder to earn.
+Approximately every four years, the reward miners receive for creating new Bitcoin is halved, a process known as a **halving event**. This limits the supply of new Bitcoin and is crucial to Bitcoin's deflationary nature. The first halving occurred in 2012, and the reward has since decreased from 50 BTC per block to the current 6.25 BTC. Halving events ensure that Bitcoin's supply remains scarce over time, increasing its potential value as new Bitcoin becomes harder to earn. 📅

src/edu/ru/bitcoin/bitcoin-economics/economic-principles-of-bitcoin.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
-# Economic Principles of Bitcoin
+# Economic Principles of Bitcoin 📊
 
-### Supply and Demand Dynamics
+#### 📈 Supply and Demand Dynamics
 
-Bitcoin operates under basic economic principles: as demand increases and supply remains fixed, the price rises. Unlike traditional assets like **gold**, where higher prices encourage more production, Bitcoin’s supply cannot be increased no matter how high the price goes. This unique feature, where **supply is fixed (and actually decreasing with every halving)**, gives Bitcoin the potential for rapid price increases (often referred to as **parabolic price growth**) when demand surges. As fewer new Bitcoins enter circulation after each halving, the scarcity grows, further driving demand. This scarcity, combined with rising interest, has the potential to drive Bitcoin’s price significantly higher over time.
+Bitcoin operates under basic economic principles: as demand increases and supply remains fixed, the price rises. Unlike traditional assets like **gold**, where higher prices encourage more production, Bitcoin's supply cannot be increased no matter how high the price goes. This unique feature, where **supply is fixed (and actually decreasing with every halving)**, gives Bitcoin the potential for rapid price increases (often referred to as **parabolic price growth**) when demand surges. As fewer new Bitcoins enter circulation after each halving, the scarcity grows, further driving demand. This scarcity, combined with rising interest, has the potential to drive Bitcoin's price significantly higher over time. 🚀
 
-### Bitcoin vs. Traditional Assets
+#### 🆚 Bitcoin vs. Traditional Assets
 
-Bitcoin is often compared to traditional assets like gold or fiat currencies. Like gold, Bitcoin is considered a store of value because of its scarcity. However, unlike gold, Bitcoin can be easily transferred and traded across borders, making it more flexible. In contrast to fiat currencies, which can be printed by governments and are vulnerable to inflation, Bitcoin has a fixed supply, making it resistant to inflation. Its decentralized nature also ensures it operates outside of government control, giving it unique advantages in the modern financial world.
+Bitcoin is often compared to traditional assets like gold or fiat currencies. Like gold, Bitcoin is considered a store of value because of its scarcity. However, unlike gold, Bitcoin can be easily transferred and traded across borders, making it more flexible. In contrast to fiat currencies, which can be printed by governments and are vulnerable to inflation, Bitcoin has a fixed supply, making it resistant to inflation. Its decentralized nature also ensures it operates outside of government control, giving it unique advantages in the modern financial world. 💼