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Update background.md
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noemiesarah authored Oct 8, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -13,15 +13,15 @@ In recent decades, growing global wealth and improved food availability have led

<figure markdown>
![Figure_positive_negative_selection](https://idec-teams.github.io/2024_Evolution_Suisse/img/background figures/fig1.jpeg)
<figcaption> Global trends in obesity, categorised by region for both men and women. [^figure_1].
<figcaption> Figure 1: Global trends in obesity, categorised by region for both men and women. [^figure_1].
</figcaption>
</figure>

NAFLD progresses through several stages, potentially leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Figure 2). In the first stage of NAFLD, known as simple fatty liver (steatosis), fat accumulates in liver cells without causing harm. This stage is usually asymptomatic and can be reversed with lifestyle changes. If left untreated, NAFLD may advance to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form involving liver inflammation and potential cell damage. Persistent NASH can lead to fibrosis, where scar tissue forms around the liver and its vessels, though the liver may still function relatively well. Over time, fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis, which is marked by extensive scarring and impaired liver function, eventually leading to liver failure. In some severe cases, NAFLD can progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a form of liver cancer that may arise even in non-cirrhotic patients, though it is more common in those with cirrhosis. Importantly, not all individuals with NAFLD will progress through every stage, and early intervention can prevent or even reverse disease progression[^hepatic_3]. Targeting NAFLD is crucial due to its widespread prevalence, lack of effective treatments, and increasing economic burden. NAFLD affects around 30% of the global population, yet there are currently no FDA-approved medications specifically for its treatment. Developing new therapies would address this significant treatment gap, potentially improving patient outcomes by preventing disease progression. Effective interventions could also reduce the economic strain associated with managing advanced stages of NAFLD, which require costly care.

<figure markdown>
![Figure_positive_negative_selection](https://idec-teams.github.io/2024_Evolution_Suisse/img/background figures/fig3.png)
<figcaption> Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). [^figure_2]
<figcaption> Figure 2: Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). [^figure_2]
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</figure>

Expand All @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ Thanks to medical and technological advancements, we are living longer, but this

<figure markdown>
![Figure_positive_negative_selection](https://idec-teams.github.io/2024_Evolution_Suisse/img/background figures/AlzheimersMap_sv2.gif)
<figcaption> Projected global dementia cases, highlighting the increase from 50 million in 2019 to 150 million by 2050. [^figure_3]
<figcaption> Figure 3: Projected global dementia cases, highlighting the increase from 50 million in 2019 to 150 million by 2050. [^figure_3]
</figcaption>
</figure>

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