Gemini

What is this?

Gemini is a WPF framework designed specifically for building IDE-like applications. It builds on some excellent libraries:

• AvalonDock
• Caliburn Micro
• MEF

Gemini ships with two themes: a Light theme and a Blue theme. There is also an in-development Dark theme.

Getting started

If you are creating a new WPF application, follow these steps:

• Install the Gemini NuGet package.
• Delete MainWindow.xaml - you don't need it.
• Open App.xaml and delete the StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml" attribute.
• Add xmlns:gemini="http://schemas.timjones.tw/gemini" to App.xaml.
• Add <gemini:AppBootstrapper x:Key="bootstrapper" /> to a ResourceDictionary within <Application.Resources>.

So the whole App.xaml should look something like this:

<Application x:Class="Gemini.Demo.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
             xmlns:gemini="http://schemas.timjones.tw/gemini">
    <Application.Resources>
        <ResourceDictionary>
            <ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
                <ResourceDictionary>
                    <gemini:AppBootstrapper x:Key="bootstrapper" />
                </ResourceDictionary>
            </ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
        </ResourceDictionary>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

Now hit F5 and see a very empty application!

By far the easiest way to get started with Gemini is to use the various NuGet packages. First, install the base Gemini package (note that the package ID is GeminiWpf, to distinguish it from another NuGet package with the same name):

• Gemini

Then add any other modules you are interested in (note that some modules have dependencies on other modules, but this is taken care of by the NuGet package dependency system):

• Gemini.Modules.CodeCompiler
• Gemini.Modules.CodeEditor
• Gemini.Modules.ErrorList
• Gemini.Modules.GraphEditor
• Gemini.Modules.Inspector
• Gemini.Modules.Inspector.MonoGame
• Gemini.Modules.Inspector.Xna
• Gemini.Modules.MonoGame
• Gemini.Modules.Output
• Gemini.Modules.PropertyGrid
• Gemini.Modules.SharpDX
• Gemini.Modules.Xna

Continuous builds

We use AppVeyor to build Gemini after every commit to the master branch, and also to generate pre-release NuGet packages so you can try out new features immediately.

To access the pre-release NuGet packages, you'll need to add a custom package source in Visual Studio, pointing to this URL:

https://ci.appveyor.com/nuget/gemini-g84phgw340sm

Make sure you select "Include Prerelease" when searching for NuGet packages.

What does it do?

Gemini allows you to build your WPF application by composing separate modules. This provides a nice way of separating out the code for each part of your application. For example, here is a very simple module:

[Export(typeof(IModule))]
public class Module : ModuleBase
{
	[Import]
	private IPropertyGrid _propertyGrid;

    public override IEnumerable<Type> DefaultTools
    {
        get { yield return typeof(IInspectorTool); }
    }

	public override void Initialize()
	{
		var homeViewModel = IoC.Get<HomeViewModel>();
		Shell.OpenDocument(homeViewModel);

		_propertyGrid.SelectedObject = homeViewModel;
	}

	private IEnumerable<IResult> OpenHome()
	{
		yield return Show.Document<HomeViewModel>();
	}
}

Documents

Documents are (usually) displayed in the main area in the middle of the window. To create a new document type, simply inherit from the Document class:

public class SceneViewModel : Document
{
	public override string DisplayName
	{
		get { return "3D Scene"; }
	}

	private Vector3 _position;
	public Vector3 Position
	{
        get { return _position; }
        set
        {
            _position = value;
            NotifyOfPropertyChange(() => Position);
        }
	}
}

To open a document, call OpenDocument on the shell (Shell is defined in ModuleBase, but you can also retrieve it from the IoC container with IoC.Get<IShell>()):

Shell.OpenDocument(new SceneViewModel());

You can then create a SceneView view, and Caliburn Micro will use a convention-based lookup to find the correct view.

Persisted documents

If you have a document that needs to be loaded from, and saved to, a file, you can use the PersistedDocument base class, to remove a lot of the boilerplate code that you would usually have to write. You only need to implement the DoNew, DoLoad, and DoSave methods.

public class EditorViewModel : PersistedDocument
{
	private EditorView _view;
	private string _originalText;

	protected override Task DoNew()
	{
		_originalText = string.Empty;
		ApplyOriginalText();
		return Task.CompletedTask;
	}

	protected override Task DoLoad(string filePath)
	{
		_originalText = File.ReadAllText(filePath);
		ApplyOriginalText();
		return Task.CompletedTask;
	}

	protected override Task DoSave(string filePath)
	{
		var newText = _view.textBox.Text;
		File.WriteAllText(filePath, newText);
		_originalText = newText;
		return Task.CompletedTask;
	}

	private void ApplyOriginalText()
	{
		_view.textBox.Text = _originalText;

		_view.textBox.TextChanged += delegate
		{
			IsDirty = string.Compare(_originalText, _view.textBox.Text) != 0;
		};
	}

	protected override void OnViewLoaded(object view)
	{
		_view = (EditorView) view;
	}
}

Tools

Tools are usually docked to the sides of the window, although they can also be dragged free to become floating windows. Most of the modules (ErrorList, Output, Toolbox, etc.) primarily provide tools. For example, here is the property grid tool class:

[Export(typeof(IPropertyGrid))]
public class PropertyGridViewModel : Tool, IPropertyGrid
{
	public PropertyGridViewModel()
	{
		DisplayName = "Properties";
	}

	public override PaneLocation PreferredLocation
	{
		get { return PaneLocation.Right; }
	}

	private object _selectedObject;
	public object SelectedObject
	{
		get { return _selectedObject; }
		set
		{
			_selectedObject = value;
			NotifyOfPropertyChange(() => SelectedObject);
		}
	}
}

For more details on creating documents and tools, look at the demo program and the source code for the built-in modules.

Commands

Commands are one of the core concepts in Gemini. Commands help you to avoid duplicating code by letting you define command handlers in a single place, regardless of whether the command is invoked through a menu item, toolbar item, or other trigger. Gemini's commands are conceptually similar to WPF commands, but they are more powerful.

First, create a command definition. Here's Gemini command definition for opening files:

[CommandDefinition]
public class OpenFileCommandDefinition : CommandDefinition
{
	public const string CommandName = "File.OpenFile";

	public override string Name
	{
		get { return CommandName; }
	}

	public override string Text
	{
		get { return "_Open"; }
	}

	public override string ToolTip
	{
		get { return "Open"; }
	}

	public override Uri IconSource
	{
		get { return new Uri("pack://application:,,,/Gemini;component/Resources/Icons/Open.png"); }
	}
	
	[Export]
    public static CommandKeyboardShortcut KeyGesture = new CommandKeyboardShortcut<OpenFileCommandDefinition>(new KeyGesture(Key.O, ModifierKeys.Control));
}

Then, provide a command handler. You can do this in one of two ways. For global commands, that don't depend on a document context, create a global handler:

[CommandHandler]
public class OpenFileCommandHandler : CommandHandlerBase<OpenFileCommandDefinition>
{
	public override void Update(Command command)
	{
		// You can enable / disable the command here with:
		// command.Enabled = true;
		
		// You can also modify the command text / icon, which will affect
		// any menu items or toolbar items bound to this command.
	}
	
	public override async Task Run(Command command)
	{
		// ... implement command handling here
	}
}

For commands that depend on a document context, and should be disabled when there is no active document or the active document is not of the correct type, define the command in the document class:

public class MyDocument : Document, ICommandHandler<ClearTextCommandDefinition>
{
	void ICommandHandler<ClearTextCommandDefinition>.Update(Command command)
	{
		command.Enabled = this.Text.Any();
	}

	Task ICommandHandler<ClearTextCommandDefinition>.Run(Command command)
	{
		this.Text = string.Empty;
		return Task.CompletedTask;
	}
}

To remove built-in keyboard shortcuts, you can exclude them declaratively:

[Export]
public static ExcludeCommandKeyboardShortcut ExcludeFileOpenShortcut = new ExcludeCommandKeyboardShortcut(OpenFileCommandDefinition.KeyGesture);

To find out how to bind commands to menus or toolbars, see the "MainMenu" and "ToolBars" modules below.

What modules are built-in?

Gemini itself is built out of seven core modules:

• MainWindow
• Shell
• MainMenu
• StatusBar
• ToolBars
• Toolbox
• UndoRedo

Several more modules ship with Gemini, and are available as NuGet packages as described above:

• CodeCompiler
• CodeEditor
• ErrorList
• GraphEditor
• Inspector
• Inspector.MonoGame
• Inspector.Xna
• MonoGame
• Output
• PropertyGrid
• SharpDX
• Xna

For more information about these modules, see below. In general, each module adds some combination of menu items, tool window, document types and services.

MainWindow module

The main window module:

• manages the overall window

Provides

• IMainWindow interface

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

The IMainWindow interface exposes a number of useful properties to control aspects of the main application window.

public interface IMainWindow
{
    WindowState WindowState { get; set; }
    double Width { get; set; }
    double Height { get; set; }

    string Title { get; set; }
    ImageSource Icon { get; set; } 

    IShell Shell { get; }
}

Shell module

The shell module:

• manages placement of the document and tool windows
• persists and loads the size and position of tool windows
• manages the links between AvalonDock and Caliburn.Micro

Provides

• IShell interface

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

The IShell interface exposes a number of useful properties and methods. It is the main way to control Gemini's behaviour.

public interface IShell
{
    event EventHandler ActiveDocumentChanging;
    event EventHandler ActiveDocumentChanged;

    bool ShowFloatingWindowsInTaskbar { get; set; }
        
	IMenu MainMenu { get; }
    IToolBars ToolBars { get; }
	IStatusBar StatusBar { get; }

	IDocument ActiveItem { get; }

	IObservableCollection<IDocument> Documents { get; }
	IObservableCollection<ITool> Tools { get; }

    void ShowTool<TTool>() where TTool : ITool;
	void ShowTool(ITool model);

	void OpenDocument(IDocument model);
	void CloseDocument(IDocument document);

	void Close();
}

MainMenu module

Adds a main menu to the top of the window.

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

First, create commands, as described above in the "Commands" section. Then declare menus, menu item groups, and menu items. This is how the built-in File menu and menu items are declared; you can create your own menus in the same way.

public static class MenuDefinitions
{
    [Export]
    public static MenuDefinition FileMenu = new MenuDefinition(MainMenuBar, 0, Resources.FileMenuText);
	
	[Export]
    public static MenuItemGroupDefinition FileNewOpenMenuGroup = new MenuItemGroupDefinition(FileMenu, 0);
	
	[Export]
    public static MenuItemDefinition FileNewMenuItem = new TextMenuItemDefinition(
        MenuDefinitions.FileNewOpenMenuGroup, 0, "_New");
}

You can either use an existing menu or menu item group as a parent for your menu items, or create your own.

To remove an existing menu item (such as a built-in menu item that you don't want), you can exclude it declaratively:

[Export]
public static ExcludeMenuItemDefinition ExcludeOpenMenuItem = new ExcludeMenuItemDefinition(Gemini.Modules.Shell.MenuDefinitions.FileOpenMenuItem);

[Export]
public static ExcludeMenuItemGroupDefinition ExcludeWindowMenuItemGroup = new ExcludeMenuItemGroupDefinition(Gemini.Modules.MainMenu.MenuDefinitions.ViewToolsMenuGroup);

[Export]
public static ExcludeMenuDefinition ExcludeWindowMenuDefinition = new ExcludeMenuDefinition(Gemini.Modules.MainMenu.MenuDefinitions.WindowMenu);

StatusBar module

Adds a status bar to the bottom of the window.

Provides

• IStatusBar
• StatusBarItemViewModel class

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

var statusBar = IoC.Get<IStatusBar>();
statusBar.AddItem("Hello world!", new GridLength(1, GridUnitType.Star));
statusBar.AddItem("Ln 44", new GridLength(100));
statusBar.AddItem("Col 79", new GridLength(100));

ToolBars module

Adds a toolbar tray to the top of the window. By default, the toolbar tray is hidden - use Shell.ToolBars.Visible = true to show it.

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

First, create commands, as described above in the "Commands" section. Then declare toolbars, toolbar item groups, and toolbar items. This is how the standard toolbar and toolbar items are declared; you can create your own toolbars in the same way.

internal static class ToolBarDefinitions
{
	[Export]
	public static ToolBarDefinition StandardToolBar = new ToolBarDefinition(0, "Standard");
	
	[Export]
    public static ToolBarItemGroupDefinition StandardOpenSaveToolBarGroup = new ToolBarItemGroupDefinition(
        ToolBars.ToolBarDefinitions.StandardToolBar, 8);
		
	[Export]
    public static ToolBarItemDefinition OpenFileToolBarItem = new CommandToolBarItemDefinition<OpenFileCommandDefinition>(
        StandardOpenSaveToolBarGroup, 0);
}

// ...

Shell.ToolBars.Visible = true;

Toolbox module

Reproduces the toolbox tool window from Visual Studio. Use the [ToolboxItem] attribute to provide available items for listing in the toolbox. You specify the document type for each toolbox item. When the user switches to a different document, Gemini manages showing only the toolbox items that are supported for the active document type. Items are listed in categories. The toolbox supports drag and drop.

Provides

• IToolbox tool window
• ToolboxItemAttribute attribute
• ToolboxDragDrop utility class

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

[ToolboxItem(typeof(GraphViewModel), "Image Source", "Generators")]
public class ImageSource : ElementViewModel
{
	// ...
}

Handling dropping onto a document (this code is from GraphView.xaml.cs):

private void OnGraphControlDragEnter(object sender, DragEventArgs e)
{
    if (!e.Data.GetDataPresent(ToolboxDragDrop.DataFormat))
        e.Effects = DragDropEffects.None;
}

private void OnGraphControlDrop(object sender, DragEventArgs e)
{
    if (e.Data.GetDataPresent(ToolboxDragDrop.DataFormat))
    {
        var mousePosition = e.GetPosition(GraphControl);

        var toolboxItem = (ToolboxItem) e.Data.GetData(ToolboxDragDrop.DataFormat);
        var element = (ElementViewModel) Activator.CreateInstance(toolboxItem.ItemType);
        element.X = mousePosition.X;
        element.Y = mousePosition.Y;

        ViewModel.Elements.Add(element);
    }
}

UndoRedo module

Provides a framework for adding undo/redo support to your application. An undo/redo stack is maintained separately for each document. The screenshot above shows the history tool window. You can drag the slider to move forward or backward in the document's history.

Provides

• IHistoryTool tool window
• IUndoableAction interface
• UndoRedoToolbarItems utility class

NuGet package

• Gemini

Dependencies

• None

Usage

First, define an action. The action needs to implement IUndoableAction:

public class MyAction : IUndoableAction
{
    public string Name
    {
        get { return "My Action"; }
    }

    public void Execute()
    {
        // Do something
    }

    public void Undo()
    {
        // Put it back
    }
}

Then execute the action:

var undoRedoManager = IoC.Get<IShell>().ActiveItem.UndoRedoManager;
undoRedoManager.ExecuteAction(new MyAction());

Now the action will be shown in the history tool window. If you are using the Undo or Redo menu items or toolbar buttons, they will also react appropriately to the action.

CodeCompiler module

Uses Roslyn to compile C# code. Currently, ICodeCompiler exposes a very simple interface:

public interface ICodeCompiler
{
    Assembly Compile(
        IEnumerable<SyntaxTree> syntaxTrees, 
        IEnumerable<MetadataReference> references,
        string outputName);
}

An interesting feature, made possible by Roslyn, is that the compiled assemblies are garbage-collectible. This means that you can compile C# source code, run the resulting assembly in the same AppDomain as your main application, and then unload the assembly from memory. This would be very useful, for example, in a game editor where you want the game preview window to update as soon as the user modifies a script source file.

Provides

• ICodeCompiler service

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.CodeCompiler

Dependencies

• Roslyn

Usage

This example is from HelixViewModel in one of the sample applications.

var newAssembly = _codeCompiler.Compile(
    new[] { SyntaxTree.ParseText(_helixView.TextEditor.Text) },
    new[]
    {
        MetadataReference.CreateAssemblyReference("mscorlib"),
        MetadataReference.CreateAssemblyReference("System"),
        MetadataReference.CreateAssemblyReference("PresentationCore"),
        new MetadataFileReference(typeof(IResult).Assembly.Location),
        new MetadataFileReference(typeof(AppBootstrapper).Assembly.Location),
        new MetadataFileReference(GetType().Assembly.Location)
    },
    "GeminiDemoScript");

Once there are no references to newAssembly, it will be eligible for garbage collection.

CodeEditor module

Uses AvalonEdit to provide syntax highlighting and other features for editing C# source files.

Provides

• EditorProvider for C# source files
• CodeEditor control

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.CodeEditor

Dependencies

• AvalonEdit

Usage

Opening a file with a .cs extension will automatically use the CodeEditor module to display the document. You can also use the CodeEditor control in your own views:

<codeeditor:CodeEditor SyntaxHighlighting="C#" />

ErrorList module

Reproduces the error list tool window from Visual Studio. Can be used to show errors, warning, or information.

Provides

• IErrorList tool window

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.ErrorList

Dependencies

• None

Usage

var errorList = IoC.Get<IErrorList>();
errorList.Clear();
errorList.AddItem(
	ErrorListItemType.Error,
	"Description of the error",
    @"C:\MyFile.txt",
    1,   // Line
    20); // Column

You can optionally provide a callback that will be executed when the user double-clicks on an item:

errorList.AddItem(
	ErrorListItemType.Error,
	"Description of the error",
    @"C:\MyFile.txt",
    1, // Line
    20, // Character
    () =>
    {
        var openDocumentResult = new OpenDocumentResult(@"C:\MyFile.txt");
        IoC.BuildUp(openDocumentResult);
        openDocumentResult.Execute(null);
    });

GraphEditor module

Implements a general purpose graph / node editing UI. This module provides the UI controls - the logic and view models are usually specific to your application, and are left to you. The FilterDesigner sample application (in the screenshot above) is one example of how it can be used.

Although I implemented it slightly differently, I got a lot of inspiration and some ideas for the code from Ashley Davis's CodeProject article.

Provides

• GraphControl control
• ConnectorItem control
• BezierLine control
• ZoomAndPanControl control from this CodeProject article

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.GraphEditor

Dependencies

• None

Usage

You'll need to create view models to represent:

• the graph itself
• elements
• connectors
• connections.

I suggest looking at the FilterDesigner sample application to get an idea of what's involved.

Inspector module

Similar in purpose to the property grid, but the Inspector module takes a more flexible approach. Instead of the strict "two-column / property per row" layout used in the standard PropertyGrid, the Inspector module allows each editor to customise its own view.

It comes with the following editors:

• BitmapSource
• CheckBox
• CollapsibleGroup
• Color (WPF)
• Enum
• Point3D (WPF)
• Range
• TextBox

Provides

• IInspectorTool tool window
• InspectableObjectBuilder class

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.Inspector

Dependencies

• Extended WPF Toolkit (for the colour picker)

Usage

You can build up the inspector for an object in two ways:

• Convention-based. The Inspector module can reflect over an object and create editors for the properties whose types it recognises. It comes with built-in editors for int, string, Enum, etc.
• Manually. Use the fluent interface on InspectableObjectBuilder to create editors.

You can also mix and match these approaches.

var inspectorTool = IoC.Get<IInspectorTool>();
inspectorTool.SelectedObject = new InspectableObjectBuilder()
	.WithCollapsibleGroup("My Group", b => b
		.WithColorEditor(myObject, x => x.Color))
	.WithObjectProperties(Shell.ActiveItem, pd => true) // Automatically adds browsable properties.
	.ToInspectableObject();

Inspector.Xna module

Adds editors for XNA types (Vector3, Color, etc.) to the Inspector module.

MonoGame module

Provides a number of utilities and controls for working with MonoGame content in WPF.

Provides

• GraphicsDeviceService service that implements MonoGame's IGraphicsDeviceService
• DrawingSurface control that uses D3DImage as described here.

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.MonoGame

Dependencies

• MonoGame

Usage

public class MyDrawingSurface : DrawingSurface
{
    protected override RaiseDraw(DrawEventArgs args)
    {
        args.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.LightGreen);
        base.RaiseDraw(args);
    }
}

Output module

Much like the output tool window from Visual Studio.

Provides

• IOutput tool window

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.Output

Dependencies

• None

Usage

var output = IoC.Get<IOutput>();
output.AppendLine("Started up");

PropertyGrid module

Pretty much does what it says on the tin. It uses the PropertyGrid control from the Extended WPF Toolkit.

Provides

• IPropertyGrid tool window

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.PropertyGrid

Dependencies

• Extended WPF Toolkit

Usage

var propertyGrid = IoC.Get<IPropertyGrid>();
propertyGrid.SelectedObject = myObject;

Xna module

Provides a number of utilities and controls for working with XNA content in WPF. In the screenshot above, the document on the left uses DrawingSurface, and the tool window on the right uses GraphicsDeviceControl. Note that the GraphicsDeviceControl is clipped correctly against its parent ScrollViewer bounds.

Provides

• GraphicsDeviceService service that implements XNA's IGraphicsDeviceService
• ClippingHwndHost control that clips hosted Win32 content to a WPF control's bounds

The Xna module includes 2 alternatives for hosting XNA content in WPF:

• DrawingSurface control that uses D3DImage as described here.
• GraphicsDeviceControl control that implements Nick Gravelyn's technique for hosting WPF content using an HwndHost, described here

NuGet package

• Gemini.Modules.Xna

Dependencies

• XNA 4.0

Usage

Both DrawingSurface and GraphicsDeviceControl provide similar APIs, but they are subtly different. DrawingSurface works seamlessly with WPF mouse and keyboard input, but GraphicsDeviceControl routes mouse input through its own set of methods (RaiseHwndLButtonDown etc.).

public class MyDrawingSurface : DrawingSurface
{
    protected override RaiseDraw(DrawEventArgs args)
    {
        args.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.LightGreen);
        base.RaiseDraw(args);
    }
}

public class MyGraphicsDeviceControl : GraphicsDeviceControl
{
    protected override void RaiseRenderXna(GraphicsDeviceEventArgs args)
    {
        args.GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.LightGreen);
        base.RaiseRenderXna(args);
    }
}

Sample applications

Gemini includes three sample applications:

Gemini.Demo

Showcases many of the available modules. The screenshot below shows the interactive script editor in action - as you type, the code will be compiled in real-time into a dynamic assembly and then executed in the same AppDomain.

It also includes a very basic example of a filter designer, built on the GraphEditor module.

• Source code

Gemini.Demo.MonoGame

Showcases the MonoGame module.

• Source code

Gemini.Demo.SharpDX

Showcases the SharpDX module.

• Source code

Gemini.Demo.Xna

Showcases the Xna module.

• Source code

What projects use Gemini?

I've used Gemini on several of my own projects:

• Meshellator
• Rasterizr
• SlimShader
• coming soon...

Development dependencies

To build the XNA module and demo on your own machine, you'll need to install XNA 4.0 Game Studio.

Acknowledgements

• Many of the original ideas, and much of the early code came from Rob Eisenberg, creator of the Caliburn Micro framework. I have extended and modified his code to integrate better with AvalonDock 2.0, which natively supports MVVM-style binding.
• I used the VS2010 theme from Edi.

Gemini is not the only WPF framework for building IDE-like applications. Here are some others:

• SoapBox Core - source here, but I think this project might be dead.
• Wide - looks promising, and has a CodeProject article.