Bump Ubuntu action runner to 24.04

[kachick]

actions/runner-images#9848

[kachick]

Run ruby/setup-ruby@v1
  with:
    ruby-version: head
    bundler-cache: true
  env:
    BUNDLE_WITHOUT: development
Error: The current runner (ubuntu-[2](https://github.com/kachick/ruby-ulid/actions/runs/9083710169/job/24962973374?pr=541#step:3:2)4.04-x64) was detected as self-hosted because the platform does not match a GitHub-hosted runner image (or that image is deprecated and no longer supported).
In such a case, you should install Ruby in the $RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE yourself, for example using https://github.com/rbenv/ruby-build
You can take inspiration from this workflow for more details: https://github.com/ruby/ruby-builder/blob/master/.github/workflows/build.yml
$ ruby-build head /opt/hostedtoolcache/Ruby/head/x6[4](https://github.com/kachick/ruby-ulid/actions/runs/9083710169/job/24962973374?pr=541#step:3:4)
Once that completes successfully, mark it as complete with:
$ touch /opt/hostedtoolcache/Ruby/head/x[6](https://github.com/kachick/ruby-ulid/actions/runs/9083710169/job/24962973374?pr=541#step:3:6)4.complete
It is your responsibility to ensure installing Ruby like that is not done in parallel.

https://github.com/ruby/setup-ruby/blob/82dd21cb955e5633e70976c289b2e3b01c0f18db/ruby-builder.js#L31

[kachick]

libyaml problem appeared only on ruby 3.2 🤔