Peter Cheung, V1.0 - 2 Nov 2022
By the end of this experiment, you should be able to:
- design and test a PRBS generator using a linear feedback shift register (LFSR)
- display 8-bit value on neopixel bar on Vbuddy
- specify a FSM in SystemVerilog
- design a FSM to cycle through the Formula 1 starting light sequence
- understand how the clktick.sv module works, and calibrate it for 1 sec tick period
- automatically cycle through F1 lights at 1 second interval
- optionally implement the full F1 starting light machine and test your reaction.
Clone this repo to your local disk. Note that Vbuddy.cpp file in this repo is new and is version 1.1.
Step 1 - create the component lfsr.sv
Open the Lab3-FSM folder in VS code. In folder task1, create the component lfsr.sv guided by Lecture 4 slide 14. Modify the version in the lecture notes to include an extra enable signal en, and all four bits of the shift register output are brought out as data_out[3:0]. This is your top-level circuit for this task.
Step 2 - Create the testbench for the LFSR
Create a testbench to test this 4-bit random number generator. In your testbench you should use the Vbuddy rotary encoder switch (EC11) and the vbdFlag() function in one-shot mode (i.e. using vbdSetMode(1)) to drive the en signal to step through the random sequence each time you press the switch on Vbuddy.
The four bit output of the random sequence can be shown on the 7-segment display using the vbdHex( ) function as:
vbdHex(1, top->data_out & 0xF);Furthermore, you should also display this 4-bit result on the neopixel strip using the vdbBar( ) function:
vbdBar(top->data_out & 0xFF);Note that vbdBar() takes an unsigned 8-bit integer parameter between the value 0 and 255. Therefore you must mask data_out with 0xFF.
Step 3 - Create the doit.sh script
Modify the doit.sh file from Lab 2 so that the name of the Device-Under-Test (DUT) is now lsfr. Build your simulation model and test your design.
TEST YOURSELF CHALLENGE
Based on the primitive polynomial table in Lecture 4 slide 16, modify lfsr.sv into a 7-bit (instead of 4-bit) PRBS generator. Test your design. The 7th order primitive polynomial is:
Formula 1 (F1) racing has starting light consists of a series of red lights that turn ON one by one, until all lights are ON. Then all of them turn OFF simultaneously after a random delay.
The goal of this task is to design a FSM that cycles through the sequence according to the following FSM:
Based on the notes from Lecture 5, implement this state machine in SystemVerilog to drive the neopixel bar and cycle through the F1 light sequence. You should use the switch on the rotary switch with the vbdFlag() function (in mode 1) to drive the en signal as shown below:
Write the testbench f1_fsm_tb.cpp. Compile and test your design. Each time you press the switch, you should step through the FSM and cycle through the F1 light sequence.
In Lecture 4 slides 9 & 10, you were introduced to the clktick.sv module. The interface signals for this module is:
module clktick #(
parameter WIDTH = 16
)(
// interface signals
input logic clk, // clock
input logic rst, // reset
input logic en, // enable signal
input logic [WIDTH-1:0] N, // clock divided by N+1
output logic tick // tick output
);In the task3 folder of this repo, you are provided with the testbench clktick_tb.cpp and shell script clktick.sh to build and test the clktick module.
The testbench flashes the neopixel strip LEDs on and off at a rate determined by N. Our goal is to calibrate the circuit (under simulation) to find what value of N gives us a tick period of 1 sec.
Compile and test the clktick.sv module. Use the metronome app on Google (just search for metronome) to generate a beat at 60 bpm. Now adjust the rotary switch to change the flash rate of the neopixels to match the metronome. The vbdValue() shown on bottom left of the TFT display is the value for N which gives a tick period of 1 second! (Why?)
The reason that we need to do this calibration is that the Verilator simulation of your design is NOT in real time. Every computer will work at different rate and therefore takes different amount of time to simulate one cycle of the clock signal clk. For a 14" M1 Macbook Pro (my computer), N is around 24 for a tick period of 1 sec (i.e. one tick pulse every second).
TEST YOURSELF CHALLENGE
Implement the following design by combining clkctick.sv with f1_fsm.sv so that the F1 light sequence is cycle through automatically with 1 second delay per state transition.
Complete this task only if you have time. It is challenging and fun, but also you may find this time consuming.
The follow diagram shows a full version of the F1 light design that combines all many components you have created so far.
The delay.sv module is provided. This module is from Lecture 5 slides 16 & 17. When trigger is asserted (goes from low to high), it starts counting K clock cycles. At which time, time_out goes high for one clcok cycle. This works in a similar way to clktick.sv, except:
- Instead of the en signal, we use a trigger signal, which is edge.
- The FSM can only be triggered again after the trigger signal has returned to zero.
You also need to modify f1_fsm.sv to include a trigger input which kicks off the whole sequence. It also has two additional output signals:
- cmd_seq which is high during the sequencing of data_out[7:0] from 8'b1 to 8'b11111111.
- cmd_delay which triggers the start of the delay.sv component.
You may use the 7-bit LFSR from Task 1 to provide the random delay between all LED ON to all LED OFF.
Finally, in the testbench, you may use two new Vbuddy functions added in version 1.1 to measure the reaction time:
- Once all the lights are OFF after a random delay, the testbench calls vbdInitWatch() function to start Vbuddy's stop watch.
- User reacts to the lights going OFF and presses the switch as quickly as possible. Vbuddy automatically records the elapsed time since the stop watch started.
- The testbench calls vbdElapsed() function to read the reaction time in milliseconds.
- The testbench reports by sending it to Vbuddy as a message on the TFT screen.