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PicoCentauri committed Apr 8, 2024
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# Sphinx build info version 1
# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done.
config: d81abe5bca4711c0a089df227c9a417f
tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7
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channels:
- conda-forge
dependencies:
- python=3.11
- pip
- pip:
- ase
- matplotlib
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channels:
- conda-forge
dependencies:
- python=3.11
- pip
- rust >=1.65
- pip:
- ase
- chemiscope
- matplotlib
- metatensor
- rascaline @ git+https://github.com/Luthaf/rascaline@ca957642f512e141c7570e987aadc05c7ac71983
- skmatter
- equisolve @ git+https://github.com/lab-cosmo/equisolve.git@c858bedef4b2799eb445e4c92535ee387224089a
294 changes: 294 additions & 0 deletions latest/_downloads/372c6744f93b866ccf802a12006619bb/roy-gch.py
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"""
Generalized Convex Hull construction for the polymorphs of ROY
==============================================================
:Authors: Michele Ceriotti `@ceriottm <https://github.com/ceriottm/>`_
This notebook analyzes the structures of 264 polymorphs of ROY, from
`Beran et Al, Chemical Science
(2022) <https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SC06074K>`__, comparing the
conventional density-energy convex hull with a Generalized Convex Hull
(GCH) analysis (see `Anelli et al., Phys. Rev. Materials
(2018) <https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.103804>`__).
It uses features computed with `rascaline <https://github.com/lab-cosmo/rascaline>`__
and uses the directional convex hull function from
`scikit-matter <https://github.com/lab-cosmo/scikit-matter>`__
to make the figure.
"""

import chemiscope
import matplotlib.tri
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from metatensor import mean_over_samples
from rascaline import SoapPowerSpectrum
from sklearn.decomposition import PCA
from skmatter.datasets import load_roy_dataset
from skmatter.sample_selection import DirectionalConvexHull


# %%
# Loads the structures (that also contain properties in the ``info`` field)

roy_data = load_roy_dataset()

structures = roy_data["structures"]

density = np.array([s.info["density"] for s in structures])
energy = np.array([s.info["energy"] for s in structures])
structype = np.array([s.info["type"] for s in structures])
iknown = np.where(structype == "known")[0]
iothers = np.where(structype != "known")[0]


# %%
# Energy-density hull
# -------------------
#
# The Directional Convex Hull routines can be used to compute a
# conventional density-energy hull

dch_builder = DirectionalConvexHull(low_dim_idx=[0])
dch_builder.fit(density.reshape(-1, 1), energy)

# %%
# We can get the indices of the selection, and compute the distance from
# the hull

sel = dch_builder.selected_idx_
dch_dist = dch_builder.score_samples(density.reshape(-1, 1), energy)


# %%
#
# Hull energies
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# Structures on the hull are stable with respect to synthesis at constant
# molar volume. Any other structure would lower the energy by decomposing
# into a mixture of the two nearest structures along the hull. Given that
# the lattice energy is an imperfect proxy for the free energy, and that
# synthesis can be performed in other ways than by fixing the density,
# structures that are not exactly on the hull might also be stable. One
# can compute a “hull energy” as an indication of how close these
# structures are to being stable.

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(6, 4))
ax.scatter(density, energy, c=dch_dist, marker=".")
ssel = sel[np.argsort(density[sel])]
ax.plot(density[ssel], energy[ssel], "k--")
ax.set_xlabel("density / g/cm$^3$")
ax.set_ylabel("energy / kJ/mol")

print(
f"Mean hull energy for 'known' stable structures {dch_dist[iknown].mean()} kJ/mol"
)
print(f"Mean hull energy for 'other' structures {dch_dist[iothers].mean()} kJ/mol")


# %%
# Interactive visualization
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# You can also visualize the hull with ``chemiscope``.
# This runs only in a notebook, and
# requires having the ``chemiscope`` package installed.
#

cs = chemiscope.show(
structures,
dict(
energy=energy,
density=density,
hull_energy=dch_dist,
structure_type=structype,
),
settings={
"map": {
"x": {"property": "density"},
"y": {"property": "energy"},
"color": {"property": "hull_energy"},
"symbol": "structure_type",
"size": {"factor": 35},
},
"structure": [{"unitCell": True, "supercell": {"0": 2, "1": 2, "2": 2}}],
},
)


if chemiscope.jupyter._is_running_in_notebook():
from IPython.display import display

display(cs)
else:
cs.save("roy_ch.json.gz")

# %%
# Generalized Convex Hull
# -----------------------
#
# A GCH is a similar construction, in which generic structural descriptors
# are used in lieu of composition, density or other thermodynamic
# constraints. The idea is that configurations that are found close to the
# GCH are locally stable with respect to structurally-similar
# configurations. In other terms, one can hope to find a thermodynamic
# constraint (i.e. synthesis conditions) that act differently on these
# structures in comparison with the others, and may potentially stabilize
# them.
#


# %%
# Compute structural descriptors
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# A first step is to computes suitable ML descriptors. Here we have used
# ``rascaline`` to evaluate average SOAP features for the structures.
# If you don't want to install these dependencies for this example you
# can also use the pre-computed features, but you can use this as a stub
# to apply this analysis to other chemical systems

hypers = {
"cutoff": 4,
"max_radial": 6,
"max_angular": 4,
"atomic_gaussian_width": 0.7,
"cutoff_function": {"ShiftedCosine": {"width": 0.5}},
"radial_basis": {"Gto": {"accuracy": 1e-6}},
"center_atom_weight": 1.0,
}
calculator = SoapPowerSpectrum(**hypers)
rho2i = calculator.compute(structures)
rho2i = rho2i.keys_to_samples(["species_center"]).keys_to_properties(
["species_neighbor_1", "species_neighbor_2"]
)
rho2i_structure = mean_over_samples(rho2i, sample_names=["center", "species_center"])
np.savez("roy_features.npz", feats=rho2i_structure.block(0).values)


# features = roy_data["features"]
features = rho2i_structure.block(0).values


# %%
# PCA projection
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# Computes PCA projection to generate low-dimensional descriptors that
# reflect structural diversity. Any other dimensionality reduction scheme
# could be used in a similar fashion.

pca = PCA(n_components=4)
pca_features = pca.fit_transform(features)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(6, 4))
scatter = ax.scatter(pca_features[:, 0], pca_features[:, 1], c=energy)
ax.set_xlabel("PCA[1]")
ax.set_ylabel("PCA[2]")
cbar = fig.colorbar(scatter, ax=ax)
cbar.set_label("energy / kJ/mol")


# %%
# Builds the Generalized Convex Hull
# ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
#
# Builds a convex hull on the first two PCA features

dch_builder = DirectionalConvexHull(low_dim_idx=[0, 1])
dch_builder.fit(pca_features, energy)
sel = dch_builder.selected_idx_
dch_dist = dch_builder.score_samples(pca_features, energy)


# %%
# Generates a 3D Plot
#

triang = matplotlib.tri.Triangulation(pca_features[sel, 0], pca_features[sel, 1])
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 5), tight_layout=True)
ax = fig.add_subplot(projection="3d")
ax.plot_trisurf(triang, energy[sel], color="gray")
ax.scatter(pca_features[:, 0], pca_features[:, 1], energy, c=dch_dist)
ax.set_xlabel("PCA[1]")
ax.set_ylabel("PCA[2]")
ax.set_zlabel("energy / kJ/mol\n \n", labelpad=11)
ax.view_init(25, 110)


# %%
# The GCH construction improves the separation between the hull energies
# of “known” and hypothetical polymorphs (compare with the density-energy
# values above)

print(
f"Mean hull energy for 'known' stable structures {dch_dist[iknown].mean()} kJ/mol"
)
print(f"Mean hull energy for 'other' structures {dch_dist[iothers].mean()} kJ/mol")


# %%
# Visualize in ``chemiscope``. This runs only in a notebook, and
# requires having the ``chemiscope`` package installed.

for i, f in enumerate(structures):
for j in range(len(pca_features[i])):
f.info["pca_" + str(j + 1)] = pca_features[i, j]
structure_properties = chemiscope.extract_properties(structures)
structure_properties.update({"per_atom_energy": energy, "hull_energy": dch_dist})

# shows chemiscope if not run in terminal

cs = chemiscope.show(
frames=structures,
properties=structure_properties,
meta={
"name": "GCH for ROY polymorphs",
"description": """
Demonstration of the Generalized Convex Hull construction for
polymorphs of the ROY molecule. Molecules that are closest to
the hull built on PCA-based structural descriptors and having the
internal energy predicted by electronic-structure calculations as
the z axis are the most thermodynamically stable. Indeed most of the
known polymorphs of ROY are on (or very close) to this hull.
""",
"authors": ["Michele Ceriotti <[email protected]>"],
"references": [
'A. Anelli, E. A. Engel, C. J. Pickard, and M. Ceriotti, \
"Generalized convex hull construction for materials discovery," \
Physical Review Materials 2(10), 103804 (2018).',
'G. J. O. Beran, I. J. Sugden, C. Greenwell, D. H. Bowskill, \
C. C. Pantelides, and C. S. Adjiman, "How many more polymorphs of \
ROY remain undiscovered," Chem. Sci. 13(5), 1288–1297 (2022).',
],
},
settings={
"map": {
"x": {"property": "pca_1"},
"y": {"property": "pca_2"},
"z": {"property": "energy"},
"symbol": "type",
"color": {"property": "hull_energy"},
"size": {
"factor": 35,
"mode": "linear",
"property": "",
"reverse": True,
},
},
"structure": [
{
"bonds": True,
"unitCell": True,
"keepOrientation": True,
}
],
},
)

if chemiscope.jupyter._is_running_in_notebook():
from IPython.display import display

display(cs)
else:
cs.save("roy_gch.json.gz")
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