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+---
+title: "Data-driven Understanding of 100,000 Everyday Moral Dilemmas"
+description: "We analysed the 7-year history of /r/AmITheAsshole, asked two questions and got two surprising answers."
+date: "2024-02-13"
+draft: false
+categories:
+  - "research"
+tags:
+  - "language"
+  - "social media"
+  - "moraldilemmas"
+---
+
+##### Posted by _Lexing Xie_ and _Ziyu Chen_. <br /> 
+Thanks to Eric Byler for a [2022 profile article](https://comp.anu.edu.au/news/2022/07/01/algorithms-reveal-human-nature-100k-moral-dilemmas/) in college news! 
+<p />
+
+<br/>
+
+We identify Reddit’s Am I the Asshole (AITA) forum as a rich source of data to investigate the moral sphere using AI and machine learning.
+This work is done with Josh Nguyen and Alasdair Tran, and ANU philosophers Colin Klein, Nick Carroll, and most recently Nick Schuster. 
+
+<!--more-->
+
+<br/>
+
+#### **Question 1: what are in the 100,000 moral dilemmas? **
+
+The popular online community AITA crowd-sources moral deliberation one sticky situation at a time, they have accumulated 100,000+ dilemmas since 2013. 
+We ask: what are the types of issues people struggle with? 
+
+<br/>
+
+#### **Surprise 1: There are ~50 topics, and people percieve them in pairs. **
+
+<figure class="asn-fig asn-left" style="max-width: 750px;">
+    <img src="/img/AITA_treemap.png">
+</figure>
+
+We analysed 100,000 threads—the largest such study to date—using algorithms to identify topic clusters. 
+Human participants helped to refine the algorithm by deciding when to combine similar clusters and how to assign thematic designations to threads.
+The resulting data identifies 47 meaningful topics that fall into five meta-categories: 
+Identities, Aspects, Processes, Events, and Things. Aspects, for example, includes such topics as 
+hygiene, manners, and safety while Events includes weddings, breakups, and parties.
+The paper explains that clustering algorithms were designed to allow clusters to overlap, 
+“since both the intersections and the gaps between two intuitive clusters (such as family and money) may be meaningful and interesting”.
+We found that most moral dilemmas included combinations of topics called topic pairs. 
+Frequently occurring topic pairs included friends & manners, communication & mental health, and celebrations & manners.
+There are about 1,000 significant top pairs, which adds nuance beyond what can be described with the 47 topics alone. 
+
+“Most philosophers distinguish between moral norms, such as the norm that we ought to keep our promises, and conventional norms, 
+such as the norm that we ought to allow passengers to exit a busy train before we try to board it”, Nick Carroll said. 
+“This has resulted in philosophers excising from the realm of morality various dilemmas that fall on the conventional side of this distinction. 
+But by contrast, the dilemmas that non-philosophers on AITA post about are mostly about what philosophers would consider conventional norms—dilemmas 
+relating to, for instance, communication, family, friends, manners, and relationships. 
+The realm of morality is far larger than philosophers ordinarily think it is.”
+
+<br/>
+
+#### **Question 2: How do we measure moral dimensions in lots and lots of written text? **
+
+
+
+<br/>
+
+#### **Surprise 2: There is very little agreement among linguistic resources curated for the same five moral foundations**
+
+<figure class="asn-fig asn-left" style="max-width: 550px;">
+    <img src="/img/MFD_venndiagram.png">
+    <figcaption>
+    Figure 2: A Venn diagram showing three widely adopted lexicons for measuring moral dimensions — MFD, MFD 2.0, and eMFD. 
+      They use word count for detecting moral foundations. It is surprising how little consensus there is among these resources. 
+    </figcaption>
+</figure>
+
+
+<br/>
+
+#### **Resources**
+
+* [Mapping Topics in 100,000 Real-life Moral Dilemmas](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16762), Tuan Dung Nguyen, Georgiana Lyall, Alasdair Tran, Minjeong Shin, Nicholas George Carroll, Colin Klein, and Lexing Xie, International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM '22), 2022
+* [Measuring Moral Dimensions in Social Media with Mformer](https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.10219), Tuan Dung Nguyen, Ziyu Chen, Nicholas George Carroll, Alasdair Tran, Colin Klein, and Lexing Xie, International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM '24), 2024