[CUDA] drop CUDA 10 support, start supporting CUDA 12 (fixes #5789) #6395

Job	Run time
Python - oldest supported versions (ubuntu-latest)	4m 16s
regular (macOS-latest, Python 3.9)	15m 0s
sdist (macOS-latest, Python 3.10)	11m 41s
bdist (macOS-latest, Python 3.7)	17m 30s
if-else (macOS-latest, Python 3.9)	7m 2s
mpi source (macOS-latest, Python 3.10)	15m 38s
mpi pip (macOS-latest, Python 3.11)	14m 41s
mpi wheel (macOS-latest, Python 3.8)	16m 23s
all-python-package-jobs-successful	2s
	1h 42m 13s

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