feat: update LO to use proper verbs

docs/Hardware/a_basics-of-info.md

@@ -23,34 +23,34 @@ Singapore University of Technology and Design
 {:.highlight-title}
 > Detailed Learning Objectives
 > 
-> 1. **Foundation of Digital Devices:**
->   - Learn the basic concept of encoding information using electrical signals.
+> 1. **Identify Foundations of Digital Devices:**
+>   - Explain the basic concept of encoding information using electrical signals.
 >   - Explain how bits represent data in electronic devices and their role in computation.
-> 2. **Explore Number Systems and Encoding:**
+> 2. **Outline Number Systems and Encoding:**
 >   - Gain proficiency in converting between binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal number systems.
->   - Comprehend the use of prefixes and suffixes in different number systems to indicate bases.
-> 3. **Master 2's Complement for Signed Numbers:**
+>   - Defend the use of prefixes and suffixes in different number systems to indicate bases.
+> 3. **Explain 2's Complement for Signed Numbers:**
 >   - Explain how 2's complement is used to represent signed integers in binary form.
->   - Learn the process of converting positive numbers to their negative counterparts using 2's complement.
-> 4. **Grasp Various Encoding Techniques:**
->   - Recognize fixed length length encoding methods.
->   - Understand character encoding standards like ASCII and Unicode and their significance in data representation.
-> 5. **Comprehend the Significance of Bytes in Digital Storage:**
->   - Learn why bytes are used as the standard unit of digital information and storage.
->   - Understand how data storage capacities are measured and reported in terms of bytes.
+>   - Experiment with the process of converting positive numbers to their negative counterparts using 2's complement.
+> 4. **Identify Various Encoding Techniques:**
+>   - Identify fixed length length encoding methods.
+>   - List out character encoding standards like ASCII and Unicode and their significance in data representation.
+> 5. **Explain the Significance of Bytes in Digital Storage:**
+>   - Explain why bytes are used as the standard unit of digital information and storage.
+>   - Explain how data storage capacities are measured and reported in terms of bytes.
 > 6. **Calculate Information Quantity Based on Probability:**
->   - Understand the relationship between the probability of an event and the amount of information it provides.
->   - Learn how to compute the information content of events using logarithmic measures.
-> 7. **Understand Basic Logic Gates and Their Role in Digital Circuits**:
->   - Learn the functions and operations of basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, BUFFER and NOT.
->   - Recognize how these gates can be combined to perform simple digital operations.
->   - Appreciate the importance of logic gates in translating theoretical binary operations into practical applications within computing hardware. 
+>   - Construct the relationship between the probability of an event and the amount of information it provides.
+>   - Practice how to compute the information content of events using logarithmic measures.
+> 7. **Explain Basic Logic Gates and Their Role in Digital Circuits**:
+>   - Explain the functions and operations of basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, BUFFER and NOT.
+>   - Explain how these gates can be combined to perform simple digital operations.
+>   - Defend the importance of logic gates in translating theoretical binary operations into practical applications within computing hardware. 
 > 8. **Apply Knowledge to Practical Digital System Design:**
->   - Explore the historical context and evolution of digital devices from mechanical systems to modern electronic computers.
->   - Appreciate the practical constraints in early computing, such as cost and size, and how they influenced design decisions.
-> 9. **Lay the Groundwork for Building General-Purpose Computers:**
->   - Begin the process of learning how to design and build a general-purpose programmable machine.
->   - Appreciate the transition from specific-purpose devices to general-purpose computing platforms.
+>   - Outline the historical context and evolution of digital devices from mechanical systems to modern electronic computers.
+>   - Outline the practical constraints in early computing, such as cost and size, and how they influenced design decisions.
+> 9. **Identify the Groundwork for Building General-Purpose Computers:**
+>   - Explain the basic groundwork to design and build a general-purpose programmable machine.
+>   - Explain the transition from specific-purpose devices to general-purpose computing platforms.
 > 
 > These objectives aim to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of digital systems from the ground up, preparing them to engage in more advanced studies and applications in computer science and engineering.
 

docs/Hardware/b_digitalabstraction.md

@@ -26,30 +26,29 @@ Singapore University of Technology and Design
 {:.highlight-title}
 > Detailed Learning Objectives
 >
-> 1. **Digital Abstraction:**
->   - Learn how digital circuits encode information using voltage levels to represent binary values.
+> 1. **Explain the Purpose of Digital Abstraction:**
+>   - Explain how digital circuits encode information using voltage levels to represent binary values.
 >   - Explain the concept of digital abstraction for transforming continuous analog signals into discrete digital values.
-> 2. **Recognize the Role of Semiconductor Devices:**
->   - Comprehend the role of MOSFETs in generating voltage levels for digital bits.
+> 2. **Identify the Role of Semiconductor Devices:**
+>   - Identify the role of MOSFETs in generating voltage levels for digital bits.
 >   - Discuss the advantages of using semiconductors for digital encoding and the challenges posed by external disturbances.
 > 3. **Apply the Static Discipline in Digital Systems:**
->   - Recognize the static discipline as a contract ensuring predictable behavior in digital systems.
->   - Learn how the static discipline guarantees that valid inputs lead to valid outputs, ensuring system reliability.
-> 4. **Explore Combinational Digital Systems:**
+>   - Explain how static discipline is used as a contract ensuring predictable behavior in digital systems.
+>   - Discuss how the static discipline guarantees that valid inputs lead to valid outputs, ensuring system reliability.
+> 4. **Discover Combinational Digital Systems:**
 >   - Define combinational devices and systems, detailing their properties and operational criteria.
 >   - Differentiate between combinational and sequential logic devices, emphasizing the memory-less nature of combinational systems.
-> 5. **Voltage Encoding and Noise Margin:**
->   - Master the concept of using voltage levels to encode binary data, including defining thresholds for '0' and '1'.
->   - Acknowledge the importance of noise margins in maintaining signal integrity across digital devices.
+> 5. **Discover Voltage Encoding and Noise Margin:**
+>   - Explain the concept of using voltage levels to encode binary data, including defining thresholds for '0' and '1'.
+>   - Defend the importance of noise margins in maintaining signal integrity across digital devices.
 > 6. **Examine Voltage Specifications and Their Impact:**
->   - Learn about the specifications for valid voltage levels and how they are used to prevent errors due to noise.
+>   - Justify the need for specifications for valid voltage levels and how they are used to prevent errors due to noise.
 >   - Discuss how noise margins are established to enhance the robustness of digital systems against external disturbances.
-> 7. **Utilize Voltage Transfer Characteristic (VTC) Functions:**
+> 7. **Analyze the Voltage Transfer Characteristic (VTC) Functions:**
 >   - Analyze the VTC function to determine the behavior of digital systems under various input conditions.
 >   - Evaluate the VTC to ensure that digital devices comply with the static discipline and effectively handle noise.
-> 8. **Prepare for Practical Applications:**
+> 8. **Set up for Practical Applications:**
 >   - Integrate the theoretical knowledge of voltage levels, static discipline, and combinational logic into designing and evaluating digital circuits.
->   - Prepare for advanced topics in digital systems design, including the use of MOSFETs to build logic gates and more complex combinational circuits.
 >
 > These objectives aim to equip students with a solid foundation in digital systems, emphasizing the translation of theoretical concepts into practical applications in digital electronics and circuit design.
 

docs/Hardware/c_cmostechnology.md

@@ -24,24 +24,24 @@ Singapore University of Technology and Design
 {:.highlight-title}
 > Detailed Learning Objectives
 >
-> 1. **Explore the Basics of MOSFETs:**
+> 1. **Explain the Basics of MOSFETs:**
 >   - Identify the structure and operation of Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs).
 >   - Identify the roles of the gate, drain, source, and body in MOSFET operation.
 > 2. **Differentiate Between NFET and PFET:**
 >   - Compare the characteristics and functions of N-type and P-type FETs.
 >   - Learn how NFETs and PFETs are used to implement different logic functions based on their configuration and voltage levels.
-> 3. **Learn CMOS Technology for Logic Devices:**
+> 3. **Design Logic Devices using CMOS Technology:**
 >   - Explain how Complementary MOS (CMOS) technology utilizes both NFETs and PFETs to create efficient logic circuits.
->   - Explore the concept of pull-up and pull-down networks within CMOS circuits.
+>   - Explain the concept of pull-up and pull-down networks within CMOS circuits.
 > 4. **Analyze the CMOS Complementary Recipe:**
->   - Study the complementary nature of pull-up and pull-down circuits in CMOS technology to prevent short circuits and ensure stable logic states.
+>   - Justify the complementary nature of pull-up and pull-down circuits in CMOS technology to prevent short circuits and ensure stable logic states.
 >   - Apply the complementary MOS circuitry to understand basic logic gates like NAND and NOR.
-> 5. **Master Logic Gate Fundamentals:**
->   - Identify different types of logic gates and their operations.
->   - Appreciate how logic gates are implemented using CMOS technology to fulfill specific logic functions.
-> 6. **Discuss Timing Specifications in Combinational Logic Devices:**
->   - Learn about propagation delay and contamination delay as critical timing specifications in digital circuits.
->   - Learn how these delays impact the performance and reliability of logic circuits.
+> 5. **Explain Logic Gate Fundamentals:**
+>   - Identify different types of basic logic gates and their operations.
+>   - Outline how each logic gate is implemented using CMOS technology to fulfill specific logic functions.
+> 6. **Analyze Timing Specifications in Combinational Logic Devices:**
+>   - Evaluate propagation delay and contamination delay as critical timing specifications in digital circuits.
+>   - Evaluate how these delays impact the performance and reliability of logic circuits.
 >
 > These objectives aim to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of the basic building blocks of digital electronics, focusing on MOSFETs and their application in combinational logic devices through CMOS technology.
 

docs/Hardware/d_logicsynthesis.md

@@ -24,30 +24,31 @@ Singapore University of Technology and Design
 {:.highlight-title}
 > Detailed Learning Objectives
 >
-> 1. **Basics of Logic Synthesis:**
->   - Learn how combinational logic devices synthesize logic to produce specific outputs based on given inputs, adhering to functional specifications or truth tables.
->   - Explore how functional specifications are expressed through truth tables for different logic gates like NAND and AND.
-> 2. **Explore Multi-input Logic Gates:**
+> 1. **Explain the Basics of Logic Synthesis:**
+>   - Explain how combinational logic devices synthesize logic to produce specific outputs based on given inputs, adhering to functional specifications or truth tables.
+>   - Explain how functional specifications are expressed through truth tables for different logic gates like NAND and AND.
+> 2. **Explain Multi-input Logic Gates:**
 >   - Explain the concept of multi-input gates and recognize the computational possibilities and limitations of different gate types.
->   - Comprehend that the number of possible logic gates increases exponentially with the number of inputs.
-> 3. **Apply Sum of Products Method:**
->   - Learn to convert truth tables into Boolean expressions using the sum of products method.
+>   - Justify how the number of possible logic gates increases exponentially with the number of inputs.
+> 3. **Apply Sum of Products Method (SoP):**
+>   - Compute Boolean expressions from given truth tables using the sum of products method.
 >   - Explain the process of creating combinational logic expressions that align with specified truth tables using SoP.
-> 4. **Synthesize Logic Using Basic Gates:**
->   - Master the use of basic logic gates (INV, AND, OR, XOR) to synthesize any given Boolean expression.
->   - Explore straightforward logic synthesis to build complex combinational devices from basic components.
+> 4. **Synthesize Logic Using Basic Logic Gates:**
+>   - Syntheize any given Boolean expression with the use of basic logic gates (INV, AND, OR, XOR).
+>   - Apply straightforward logic synthesis to build complex combinational devices from basic components.
 > 5. **Utilize Boolean Algebra for Logic Minimization:**
 >   - Apply Boolean algebra properties to manipulate and simplify Boolean expressions.
->   - Explore various Boolean algebra rules and their applications in reducing logic complexity.
-> 6. **Implement Universal Gates:**
->   - Recognize NAND and NOR gates as universal gates capable of implementing any Boolean function.
->   - Learn to construct basic logic functions using only NAND or NOR gates.
-> 7. **Special Combinational Logic Devices:**
+>   - Identify various Boolean algebra rules and their applications in reducing logic complexity.
+> 6. **Explain Universal Gates:**
+>   - Explain how NAND and NOR gates as considered as universal gates capable of implementing any Boolean function.
+>   - Practice how to construct basic logic functions using only NAND or NOR gates.
+> 7. **Identify Special Combinational Logic Devices:**
 >   - Examine the functionality and application of multiplexers and demultiplexers in digital circuits.
->   - Learn how multiplexers can implement any Boolean function by selecting among multiple inputs.
-> 8. **Investigate the Use of ROMs for Hardcoding Logic:**
->   - Explore the use of Read-Only Memories (ROMs) to permanently encode specific logic functions.
->   - Explain the physical layout and logic implications of using ROMs in digital circuit design.
+>   - Illustrate how multiplexers can implement any Boolean function by selecting among multiple inputs.
+> 8. **Explain the Use of ROMs for Hardcoding Logic:**
+>   - Explain the use of Read-Only Memories (ROMs) to permanently encode specific logic functions.
+>   - Explain the physical layout of ROMs and practice designing ROMs
+> 	- Justify the implications of using ROMs in digital circuit design.
 >
 > These objectives are designed to provide students with a thorough understanding of how combinational logic devices are conceptualized, designed, and implemented in digital electronics, fostering a foundation for more complex system designs.
 

docs/Hardware/e_sequentiallogic.md

@@ -26,31 +26,31 @@ Singapore University of Technology and Design
 >
 > 1. **Distinguish Sequential and Combinational Logic Devices**
 >    - Explain the functional differences between sequential and combinational logic devices.
->    - Explore the role of memory elements in sequential devices which allow them to store and reference past inputs.
-> 2. **Explore Memory Devices: D Flip-Flops and D-Latches**
->    - Learn about the structure and operational modes (write and memory modes) of D Flip-Flops and D-Latches.
+>    - Explain the role of memory elements in sequential devices which allow them to store and reference past inputs.
+> 2. **Explain Memory Devices: D Flip-Flops and D-Latches**
+>    - Discover the structure and operational modes (write and memory modes) of D Flip-Flops and D-Latches.
 >    - Examine how these memory devices integrate with combinational logic to form sequential logic circuits.
 > 3. **Identify the Role of the Clock Signal**
->    - Recognize the critical role of the clock (CLK) signal in managing the behavior of sequential logic devices.
+>    - Justify the critical role of the clock (CLK) signal in managing the behavior of sequential logic devices.
 >    - Explain how the CLK signal ensures synchronization of inputs for reliable operation.
-> 4. **Master Edge-Triggered D Flip-Flops**
->    - Explore the design and functionalities of Edge-Triggered D Flip-Flops, focusing on master and slave latch configurations.
->    - Learn the importance of clock signal inversion and its impact on the operational dynamics of D Flip-Flops.
-> 5. **Comprehend Dynamic Discipline Requirements**
+> 4. **Discuss Edge-Triggered D Flip-Flops**
+>    - Discuss the design and functionalities of Edge-Triggered D Flip-Flops, focusing on master and slave latch configurations.
+>    - Assess the importance of clock signal inversion and its impact on the operational dynamics of D Flip-Flops.
+> 5. **Justify Dynamic Discipline Requirements**
 >    - Explain the necessity of setup time and hold time to prevent the storage of invalid information.
->    - Recognize how adhering to dynamic discipline ensures the reliability of sequential circuits.
+>    - Explain how adhering to dynamic discipline ensures the reliability of sequential circuits.
 > 6. **Analyze Timing Constraints in Sequential Circuits**
->    - Grasp the importance of critical timing constraints `t1` and `t2` between sequential logic devices.
->    - Study how these constraints ensure stable and valid outputs throughout clock cycles.
+>    - Explain the importance of critical timing constraints `t1` and `t2` between sequential logic devices.
+>    - Prove how `t1` and `t2` constraints ensure stable and valid outputs throughout clock cycles.
 > 7. **Discuss Synchronization Challenges of External Inputs**
->    - Address the difficulties in synchronizing external inputs with the clock in sequential circuits.
+>    - Explain the difficulties in synchronizing external inputs with the clock in sequential circuits.
 >    - Examine potential issues arising from violations of the dynamic discipline.
-> 8. **Recognize the Metastable State in Sequential Logic Devices**
+> 8. **Explain the Metastable State in Sequential Logic Devices**
 >    - Identify what a metastable state is and the conditions that lead to its occurrence in sequential logic devices.
 >    - Evaluate the consequences and impacts on circuit functionality when a device enters a metastable state.
 > 9. **Evaluate Methods to Minimize Metastability**
 >    - Analyze strategies to reduce the likelihood of a device entering a metastable state.
->    - Consider the trade-offs involved in these strategies, such as cost, responsiveness, and device size.
+>    - Measure the trade-offs involved in these strategies, such as cost, responsiveness, and device size.
 >
 > The aim of these learning objectives is to thoroughly understand sequential and combinational logic devices, focusing on their differences, integration of memory elements, operational synchronization, and challenges in maintaining reliable and efficient functionality.