Implement a DataUpdateCallback

[nathanaelbosch]

This PR implementents a DataUpdateCallback, which can be used to update the ODE solution on some external data. It can also compute the log-likelihood of the data, which in turn can be used for parameter inference.
Together with the PN data likelihood that we implemented in #281 (which can be accessed with sol.log_likelihood) this can be used to implement the recently proposed DALTON method (https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05566), which could be a nice alternative to Fenrir.jl, according to the paper in particular for chaotic systems.

Things to do in this PR:

• Implement a first version of the DataUpdateCallback
• Make sure that it works with both non-Kronecker and Kronecker versions (i.e. EK0 and EK1)
• Make sure that there is a way to only observe data partially. This could either be done by adding a keyword argument for a projection matrix, or a nicer but more involved approach coulc be to instead define a likelihood model (or many, one for each time step?).
• Add tests! Unit and integration
• Document this option: Maybe we could add a DALTON tutorial, so that we have both Fenrir an DALTON? This raises the question why Fenrir is in a separate package though.
• Benchmark the different options on some parameter inference tasks. But this could also be a future PR, or could also be done by someone else.
• EDIT (2024-02-06): The update! that is called in the DataLikelihoodCallback needs to consider the non-zero observation noise! Currently this is not handled properly.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 18 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (3bb4739) 93.41% compared to head (3092843) 92.87%.

❗ Current head 3092843 differs from pull request most recent head 290f319. Consider uploading reports for the commit 290f319 to get more accurate results

Files	Patch %	Lines
src/data_likelihoods/dalton.jl	68.42%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/data_likelihoods/fenrir.jl	89.28%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/data_likelihoods/filtering.jl	66.66%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/callbacks/dataupdate.jl	94.28%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #287      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   93.41%   92.87%   -0.54%     
==========================================
  Files          36       40       +4     
  Lines        1685     1810     +125     
==========================================
+ Hits         1574     1681     +107     
- Misses        111      129      +18     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.