printf()

The printf project is a collaboration project by @noahchernet and @mikialx, students of the ALX Software Engineering Programme by Holberton School, in which a function named "_printf" imitates the actual "printf" command located in the stdio.h library. It contains some of the basic features and functions found in the manual 3 of "printf".

_printf() is a function that performs formatted output conversion and prints data. Its prototype is the following:

int _printf(const char *format, ...)

Where format contains the string that is printed. As _printf() is variadic function, it can receives n arguments that replace by n tags written inside the string.

The format tags prototype is the following:

%[flags][length]specifier

If the program runs successfully, the return value is the amount of chars printed.

Specifier	Output
c	Character
d or i	Signed decimal integer
s	String of characters
b	Signed binary
o	Signed octal
u	Unsigned integer
x	Unsigned hexadecimal
X	Unsigned hexadecimal (uppercase)
p	Pointer address
r	Reverse string of characters
R	ROT13 translation of string
S	String with special chars replaced by their ASCII value
%	Character

Flags	Description	Specifiers
+	Prints a plus sign (+) when the argument is a positive number. In other case, prints a minus sign (-).	i, d
(space)	Prints a blank space if the argument is a positive number	i, d
#	Prints 0, 0x and 0X for o, x and X specifiers, respectively. It doesn't print anything if the argument is zero	o, x, X

Length	Description	Specifiers
l	Prints a long int or unsigned long int	i, d, o, u, x and X
h	Prints a short int or unsigned short int	i, d, o, u, x and X

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Examples

1. Printing the string of chars "Hello, Holberton":

   • Use: _printf("Hello Hol%s.", "berton");
   • Output: Hello Holberton.

2. Printing an integer number:

   • Use: _printf("10 + 10 is equal to %d.", 20);
   • Output: 10 + 10 is equal to 20.

3. Printing a binary, octal and hexadecimal:

   • Use: _printf("10 in binary is [%b], in octal is [%o] and in hexadecimal is [%x]", 5, 5, 5);
   • Output: 10 in binary is [1010], in octal is [12] and in hexadecimal is [A]

4. Printing a string codified in ROT13:

   • Use: _printf("Hello in ROT13 is %R", "Hello");
   • Output: Hello in ROT13 is Urybb

Using flags and length tags:

5. Printing the string of chars "Hello, Holberton":

   • Use: _printf("2 * 2 = %+d and 5 * -5 = %+i", 4, -25);
   • Output: 2 * 2 = +4 and 5 * -5 = -25

6. Printing a long integer number and short integer number:

   • Use: _printf("1 million as a long int is %ld, but as a short int is %hd", 1000000, 1000000);
   • Output: 1 million as a long int is 1000000, but as a short int is 16960