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Prevents single split searches from different leaf_search from
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interleaving.

Before this PR, we just used a semaphore to acquire a permit and
start a new tokio task to run our single split search.

In pseudo code, a leaf_search would look like:
```
for split in splits {
    let permit = semaphore.acquire().await;
    tokio::spawn(async move {
       single_split_search(split);
       drop(permit)
    })
}
```

The problem with this is that it allows interleaving split search from
one search request with another one.

This interleaving strongly impacts search latency.
For instance, one can imagine two queries A and B with 3 splits each.
Executing as follows
| A | A | A | B | B | B |
offers a much short latency for A than
| A | B | B | A | B | A |

This PR also adds two metrics to monitor the number of queue single
split search.
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fulmicoton committed Oct 22, 2024
1 parent 5e5b360 commit e708950
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions quickwit/Cargo.lock

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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/Cargo.toml
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ quickwit-storage = { workspace = true }
[dev-dependencies]
assert-json-diff = { workspace = true }
proptest = { workspace = true }
rand = { workspace = true }
serde_json = { workspace = true }
typetag = { workspace = true }

Expand Down
18 changes: 12 additions & 6 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/src/leaf.rs
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ use tracing::*;
use crate::collector::{make_collector_for_split, make_merge_collector, IncrementalCollector};
use crate::metrics::SEARCH_METRICS;
use crate::root::is_metadata_count_request_with_ast;
use crate::search_permits::SearchPermit;
use crate::service::{deserialize_doc_mapper, SearcherContext};
use crate::{QuickwitAggregations, SearchError};

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1183,7 +1184,6 @@ async fn resolve_storage_and_leaf_search(
aggregations_limits: AggregationLimitsGuard,
) -> crate::Result<LeafSearchResponse> {
let storage = storage_resolver.resolve(&index_uri).await?;

leaf_search(
searcher_context.clone(),
search_request.clone(),
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1259,10 +1259,16 @@ pub async fn leaf_search(
let incremental_merge_collector = IncrementalCollector::new(merge_collector);
let incremental_merge_collector = Arc::new(Mutex::new(incremental_merge_collector));

for (split, mut request) in split_with_req {
let leaf_split_search_permit = searcher_context.leaf_search_split_semaphore
.clone()
.acquire_owned()
// We acquire all of the leaf search permits to make sure our single split search tasks
// do no interleave with other leaf search requests.
let permit_futures = searcher_context
.leaf_search_split_semaphore
.get_permits_futures(split_with_req.len());

for ((split, mut request), permit_fut) in
split_with_req.into_iter().zip(permit_futures.into_iter())
{
let leaf_split_search_permit = permit_fut
.instrument(info_span!("waiting_for_leaf_search_split_semaphore"))
.await
.expect("Failed to acquire permit. This should never happen! Please, report on https://github.com/quickwit-oss/quickwit/issues.");
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -1355,7 +1361,7 @@ async fn leaf_search_single_split_wrapper(
split: SplitIdAndFooterOffsets,
split_filter: Arc<RwLock<CanSplitDoBetter>>,
incremental_merge_collector: Arc<Mutex<IncrementalCollector>>,
leaf_split_search_permit: tokio::sync::OwnedSemaphorePermit,
leaf_split_search_permit: SearchPermit,
aggregations_limits: AggregationLimitsGuard,
) {
crate::SEARCH_METRICS.leaf_searches_splits_total.inc();
Expand Down
1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/src/lib.rs
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ mod service;
pub(crate) mod top_k_collector;

mod metrics;
mod search_permits;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests;
Expand Down
6 changes: 4 additions & 2 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/src/list_terms.rs
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -331,10 +331,12 @@ pub async fn leaf_list_terms(
let index_storage_clone = index_storage.clone();
let searcher_context_clone = searcher_context.clone();
async move {
let _leaf_split_search_permit = searcher_context_clone.leaf_search_split_semaphore.clone()
.acquire_owned()
let _leaf_split_search_permit = searcher_context_clone
.leaf_search_split_semaphore
.get_one_permit()
.await
.expect("Failed to acquire permit. This should never happen! Please, report on https://github.com/quickwit-oss/quickwit/issues.");

// TODO dedicated counter and timer?
crate::SEARCH_METRICS.leaf_searches_splits_total.inc();
let timer = crate::SEARCH_METRICS
Expand Down
18 changes: 16 additions & 2 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/src/metrics.rs
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -21,8 +21,8 @@

use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
use quickwit_common::metrics::{
exponential_buckets, linear_buckets, new_counter, new_counter_vec, new_histogram,
new_histogram_vec, Histogram, HistogramVec, IntCounter, IntCounterVec,
exponential_buckets, linear_buckets, new_counter, new_counter_vec, new_gauge_vec,
new_histogram, new_histogram_vec, Histogram, HistogramVec, IntCounter, IntCounterVec, IntGauge,
};

pub struct SearchMetrics {
Expand All @@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ pub struct SearchMetrics {
pub leaf_searches_splits_total: IntCounter,
pub leaf_search_split_duration_secs: Histogram,
pub job_assigned_total: IntCounterVec<1>,
pub leaf_search_single_split_tasks_pending: IntGauge,
pub leaf_search_single_split_tasks_ongoing: IntGauge,
}

impl Default for SearchMetrics {
Expand All @@ -50,6 +52,14 @@ impl Default for SearchMetrics {
.copied()
.collect();

let leaf_search_single_split_tasks = new_gauge_vec::<1>(
"leaf_search_single_split_tasks",
"Number of single split search tasks pending or ongoing",
"search",
&[],
["status"], // takes values "ongoing" or "pending"
);

SearchMetrics {
root_search_requests_total: new_counter_vec(
"root_search_requests_total",
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -110,6 +120,10 @@ impl Default for SearchMetrics {
"search",
exponential_buckets(0.001, 2.0, 15).unwrap(),
),
leaf_search_single_split_tasks_ongoing: leaf_search_single_split_tasks
.with_label_values(["ongoing"]),
leaf_search_single_split_tasks_pending: leaf_search_single_split_tasks
.with_label_values(["pending"]),
job_assigned_total: new_counter_vec(
"job_assigned_total",
"Number of job assigned to searchers, per affinity rank.",
Expand Down
218 changes: 218 additions & 0 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/src/search_permits.rs
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
// Copyright (C) 2024 Quickwit, Inc.
//
// Quickwit is offered under the AGPL v3.0 and as commercial software.
// For commercial licensing, contact us at [email protected].
//
// AGPL:
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
// License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

use std::collections::VecDeque;
use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, Weak};

use quickwit_common::metrics::GaugeGuard;
use tokio::sync::oneshot;

/// Search permits serve as a small wrapper above a semaphore to enhance it:
/// - it provides a way to really make sure that the permits from two
/// different search request are never interleaved. Before it was a
/// race condition.
/// - it keeps a gauge of the number of tasks waiting for a permit,
/// or running.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct SearchPermits {
inner: Arc<Mutex<InnerSearchPermits>>,
}

struct InnerSearchPermits {
num_permits_available: usize,
permits_requests: VecDeque<oneshot::Sender<SearchPermit>>,
}

impl InnerSearchPermits {
fn get_permits(
&mut self,
num_permits: usize,
inner: &Arc<Mutex<InnerSearchPermits>>,
) -> Vec<oneshot::Receiver<SearchPermit>> {
let mut permits = Vec::with_capacity(num_permits);
for _ in 0..num_permits {
let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
self.permits_requests.push_back(tx);
permits.push(rx);
}
self.assign_available_permits(inner);
permits
}

fn get_permit(
&mut self,
inner: &Arc<Mutex<InnerSearchPermits>>,
) -> oneshot::Receiver<SearchPermit> {
let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
self.permits_requests.push_back(tx);
self.assign_available_permits(inner);
rx
}

fn recycle_permit(&mut self, inner: &Arc<Mutex<InnerSearchPermits>>) {
self.num_permits_available += 1;
self.assign_available_permits(inner);
}

fn assign_available_permits(&mut self, inner: &Arc<Mutex<InnerSearchPermits>>) {
while self.num_permits_available > 0 {
let Some(sender) = self.permits_requests.pop_front() else {
break;
};
let send_res = sender.send(SearchPermit {
_active_gauge_guard: GaugeGuard::from_gauge(
&crate::SEARCH_METRICS.leaf_search_single_split_tasks_active,
),
inner_opt: Some(Arc::downgrade(inner)),
});
match send_res {
Ok(()) => {
self.num_permits_available -= 1;
}
Err(mut search_permit) => {
search_permit.disable_drop();
// The receiver was dropped.
// We need to recycle the permit.
self.recycle_permit(inner);
}
}
}
crate::SEARCH_METRICS
.leaf_search_single_split_tasks_pending
.set(self.permits_requests.len() as i64);
}
}

pub struct SearchPermit {
_active_gauge_guard: GaugeGuard<'static>,
inner_opt: Option<Weak<Mutex<InnerSearchPermits>>>,
}

impl SearchPermit {
fn disable_drop(&mut self) {
self.inner_opt = None;
}
}

impl Drop for SearchPermit {
fn drop(&mut self) {
let Some(inner) = self.inner_opt.take() else {
return;
};
let Some(inner) = inner.upgrade() else {
return;
};
let mut inner_guard = inner.lock().unwrap();
inner_guard.recycle_permit(&inner);
}
}

impl SearchPermits {
pub fn new(num_permits: usize) -> SearchPermits {
SearchPermits {
inner: Arc::new(Mutex::new(InnerSearchPermits {
num_permits_available: num_permits,
permits_requests: VecDeque::new(),
})),
}
}

/// Returns a list of future permits.
///
/// Each permit gets its own future, and there order of resolution is the same as in the Vec.
pub fn get_one_permit(&self) -> oneshot::Receiver<SearchPermit> {
let mut permits_lock = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
permits_lock.get_permit(&self.inner)
}

/// Returns a list of future permits.
///
/// Each permit gets its own future, and there order of resolution is the same as in the Vec.
pub fn get_permits_futures(
&self,
num_permits: usize,
) -> Vec<oneshot::Receiver<SearchPermit>> {
let mut permits_lock = self.inner.lock().unwrap();
permits_lock.get_permits(num_permits, &self.inner)
}
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use tokio::task::JoinSet;

#[tokio::test]
async fn test_search_permits_get_permits_future() {
// We test here that `get_permits_futures` does not interleave
let search_permits = super::SearchPermits::new(1);
let mut all_futures = Vec::new();
let first_batch_of_permits = search_permits.get_permits_futures(10);
assert_eq!(first_batch_of_permits.len(), 10);
all_futures.extend(
first_batch_of_permits
.into_iter()
.enumerate()
.map(move |(i, fut)| ((1, i), fut)),
);

let second_batch_of_permits = search_permits.get_permits_futures(10);
assert_eq!(second_batch_of_permits.len(), 10);
all_futures.extend(
second_batch_of_permits
.into_iter()
.enumerate()
.map(move |(i, fut)| ((2, i), fut)),
);

use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
// not super useful, considering what join set does, but still a tiny bit more sound.
all_futures.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());

let mut join_set = JoinSet::new();
for (res, fut) in all_futures {
join_set.spawn(async move {
let permit = fut.await;
(res, permit)
});
}
let mut ordered_result: Vec<(usize, usize)> = Vec::with_capacity(20);
while let Some(Ok(((batch_id, order), _permit))) = join_set.join_next().await {
ordered_result.push((batch_id, order));
}

assert_eq!(ordered_result.len(), 20);
for (i, res) in ordered_result[0..10].iter().enumerate() {
assert_eq!(res, &(1, i));
}
for (i, res) in ordered_result[10..20].iter().enumerate() {
assert_eq!(res, &(2, i));
}
}

#[tokio::test]
async fn test_search_permits_receiver_race_condition() {
// Here we test that we don't have a problem if the Receiver is dropped.
// In particular, we want to check that there is not a race condition where drop attempts to lock the mutex.
let search_permits = super::SearchPermits::new(1);
let permit_rx = search_permits.get_one_permit();
let permit_rx2 = search_permits.get_one_permit();
drop(permit_rx2);
drop(permit_rx);
}
}
12 changes: 4 additions & 8 deletions quickwit/quickwit-search/src/service.rs
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ use crate::list_fields_cache::ListFieldsCache;
use crate::list_terms::{leaf_list_terms, root_list_terms};
use crate::root::fetch_docs_phase;
use crate::scroll_context::{MiniKV, ScrollContext, ScrollKeyAndStartOffset};
use crate::search_permits::SearchPermits;
use crate::search_stream::{leaf_search_stream, root_search_stream};
use crate::{fetch_docs, root_search, search_plan, ClusterClient, SearchError};

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -449,7 +450,7 @@ pub struct SearcherContext {
/// Fast fields cache.
pub fast_fields_cache: Arc<dyn StorageCache>,
/// Counting semaphore to limit concurrent leaf search split requests.
pub leaf_search_split_semaphore: Arc<Semaphore>,
pub leaf_search_split_semaphore: SearchPermits,
/// Split footer cache.
pub split_footer_cache: MemorySizedCache<String>,
/// Counting semaphore to limit concurrent split stream requests.
Expand All @@ -468,10 +469,6 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for SearcherContext {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("SearcherContext")
.field("searcher_config", &self.searcher_config)
.field(
"leaf_search_split_semaphore",
&self.leaf_search_split_semaphore,
)
.field("split_stream_semaphore", &self.split_stream_semaphore)
.finish()
}
Expand All @@ -491,9 +488,8 @@ impl SearcherContext {
capacity_in_bytes,
&quickwit_storage::STORAGE_METRICS.split_footer_cache,
);
let leaf_search_split_semaphore = Arc::new(Semaphore::new(
searcher_config.max_num_concurrent_split_searches,
));
let leaf_search_split_semaphore =
SearchPermits::new(searcher_config.max_num_concurrent_split_searches);
let split_stream_semaphore =
Semaphore::new(searcher_config.max_num_concurrent_split_streams);
let fast_field_cache_capacity = searcher_config.fast_field_cache_capacity.as_u64() as usize;
Expand Down

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