Merge multiple Dockerfiles into a single one

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

@@ -1,22 +1,18 @@
 {
     "name": "Recommenders",
-    // Version list: https://github.com/devcontainers/images/tree/main/src/base-ubuntu
-    // Includes: curl, wget, ca-certificates, git, Oh My Zsh!, 
-    "image": "mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:ubuntu-24.04",
-    "hostRequirements": {
-        "cpus": 4,
-        "memory": "16gb",
-        "storage": "32gb"
-    },
-    "features": {
-        // https://github.com/devcontainers/features/blob/main/src/anaconda/devcontainer-feature.json
-        "ghcr.io/devcontainers/features/anaconda:1": {
-            "version": "2024.06-1"
+    "build": {
+        "dockerfile": "../tools/docker/Dockerfile",
+        "context": "..",
+        "target": "deps",
+        "args": {
+            "COMPUTE": "cpu",
+            "PYTHON_VERSION": "3.11"
         }
     },
     "customizations": {
         "vscode": {
-            // Set *default* container specific settings.json values on container create.
+            // Set default container specific settings.json values on container
+            // create
             "settings": {
                 "[python]": {
                     "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter",
@@ -27,24 +23,32 @@
                 },
                 "isort.args": ["--profile", "black"],
                 "python.analysis.autoImportCompletions": true,
-                "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/usr/local/conda/envs/Recommenders/bin/python",
+                // Conda env name *must* align with the one in Dockerfle
+                "python.defaultInterpreterPath": "/root/conda/envs/Recommenders/bin/python",
                 "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
-                // set the directory where all tests are 
+                // Test directory
                 "python.testing.pytestArgs": ["tests"]
             },
-            // Add the IDs of extensions you want installed when the container is created.
+            // VS Code extensions to install on container create
             "extensions": [
-                "ms-python.black-formatter",  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.black-formatter
-                "ms-python.isort",  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.isort
-                "ms-python.mypy-type-checker",  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.mypy-type-checker
-                "ms-python.pylint",  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.pylint
-                "ms-python.python",  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python
-                "ms-toolsai.datawrangler",  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-toolsai.datawrangler
-                "ms-toolsai.jupyter"  // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-toolsai.jupyter
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.black-formatter
+                "ms-python.black-formatter",
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.isort
+                "ms-python.isort",
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.mypy-type-checker
+                "ms-python.mypy-type-checker",
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.pylint
+                "ms-python.pylint",
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-python.python
+                "ms-python.python",
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-toolsai.datawrangler
+                "ms-toolsai.datawrangler",
+                // https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-toolsai.jupyter
+                "ms-toolsai.jupyter"
             ]
         }
     },
 
-    // Use 'postCreateCommand' to run commands after the container is created.
-    "postCreateCommand": "conda create -n Recommenders -c conda-forge -y python=3.10 openjdk=21 pip && conda init bash && bash -c -i 'conda activate Recommenders && pip install -e .[dev,spark]' && conda config --set auto_activate_base false"
+    // Install Recommenders in development mode after container create
+    "postCreateCommand": "bash -i -c 'conda activate Recommenders && conda install -c conda-forge -y openjdk=21 && pip install -e .[dev,spark]'"
 }

SETUP.md

@@ -145,6 +145,91 @@ git checkout staging
 pip install -e .[all]
 ```
 
+We also provides [devcontainer.json](./.devcontainer/devcontainer.json)
+and [Dockerfile](./tools/docker/Dockerfile) for developers to
+facilitate the development on
+[Dev Containers with VS Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/devcontainers/containers)
+and [GitHub Codespaces](https://github.com/features/codespaces).
+
+<details>
+<summary><strong><em>VS Code Dev Containers</em></strong></summary>
+
+The typical scenario using Docker containers for development is as
+follows.  Say, we want to develop applications for a specific
+environment, so
+1. we create a contaienr with the dependencies required, 
+1. and mount the folder containing the code to the container,
+1. then code parsing, debugging and testing are all performed against
+   the contaienr.
+This workflow seperates the development environment from your local
+environment, so that your local environment won't be affected.  The
+container used here for this end is called Dev Container in the
+VS Code Dev Containers extension.  And the extension eases this
+development workflow with Docker containers automatically without
+pains.
+
+To use VS Code Dev Containers, your local machine must have the
+following applicatioins installed:
+* [Docker](https://docs.docker.com/get-started/get-docker/)
+* [VS Code Remote Development Extension Pack](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-vscode-remote.vscode-remote-extensionpack)
+
+Then
+* When you open your local Recommenders folder in VS Code, it will
+  detect [devcontainer.json](./.devcontainer/devcontainer.json), and
+  prompt you to **Reopen in Container**.  If you'd like to reopen,
+  it will create a container with the required environment described
+  in devcontainer.json, install a VS Code server in the container,
+  and mount the folder into the container.
+  + If you don't see the prompt, you can use the command
+    **Dev Containers: Reopen in Container**
+* If you don't have a local clone of Recommenders, you can also use
+  the command **Dev Containers: Clone Repository in Container Volume**,
+  and type in a branch/PR URL of Recommenders you'd like to develop
+  on, such as https://github.com/recommenders-team/recommenders,
+  https://github.com/recommenders-team/recommenders/tree/staging, or
+  https://github.com/recommenders-team/recommenders/pull/2098.  VS
+  Code will create a container with the environment described in
+  devcontainer.json, and clone the specified branch of Recommenders
+  into the container.
+
+Once everything is set up, VS Code will act as a client to the server
+in the container, and all subsequent operations on VS Code will be
+performed against the container.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><strong><em>GitHub Codespaces</em></strong></summary>
+
+GitHub Codespaces also uses devcontainer.json and Dockerfile in the
+repo to create the environment on a VM for you to develop on the Web
+VS Code.  To use the GitHub Codespaces on Recommenders, you can go to
+[Recommenders](https://github.com/recommenders-team/recommenders)
+$\to$ switch to the branch of interest $\to$ Code $\to$ Codespaces
+$\to$ Create codespaces on the branch.
+
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary><strong><em>devcontainer.json & Dockerfile</em></strong></summary>
+
+[devcontainer.json](./.devcontainer/devcontainer.json) describes:
+* the Dockerfile to use with configurable build arguments, such as
+  `COMPUTE` and `PYTHON_VERSION`.
+* settings on VS Code server, such as Python interpreter path in the
+  container, Python formatter.
+* extensions on VS Code server, such as black-formatter, pylint.
+* how to create the Conda environment for Recommenders in 
+  `postCreateCommand`
+
+[Dockerfile](./tools/docker/Dockerfile) serves 3 places:
+* Dev containers on VS Code and GitHub Codespaces
+* [Testing workflows on AzureML](./tests/README.md)
+* [Jupyter notebook examples on Docker](./tools/docker/README.md)
+
+</details>
+
+
 ## Test Environments
 
 Depending on the type of recommender system and the notebook that needs to be run, there are different computational requirements.

tests/README.md

@@ -63,9 +63,26 @@ GitHub workflows `azureml-unit-tests.yml`, `azureml-cpu-nightly.yml`, `azureml-g
 
 There are three scripts used with each workflow, all of them are located in [ci/azureml_tests](./ci/azureml_tests/):
 
-* `submit_groupwise_azureml_pytest.py`: this script uses parameters in the workflow yml to set up the AzureML environment for testing using the AzureML SDK.
-* `run_groupwise_pytest.py`: this script uses pytest to run the tests of the libraries and notebooks. This script runs in an AzureML workspace with the environment created by the script above.
-* `test_groups.py`: this script defines the groups of tests. If the tests are part of the unit tests, the total compute time of each group should be less than 15min. If the tests are part of the nightly builds, the total time of each group should be less than 35min.
+* [`submit_groupwise_azureml_pytest.py`](./ci/azureml_tests/submit_groupwise_azureml_pytest.py):
+  this script uses parameters in the workflow yml to set up the
+  AzureML environment for testing using the AzureML SDK.
+* [`run_groupwise_pytest.py`](./ci/azureml_tests/run_groupwise_pytest.pyy):
+  this script uses pytest to run the tests of the libraries and
+  notebooks. This script runs in an AzureML workspace with the
+  environment created by the script above.
+* [`aml_utils.py`](./ci/azureml_tests/aml_utils.py): this script
+  defines several utility functions using
+  [the AzureML Python SDK v2](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/concept-v2?view=azureml-api-2).
+  These fuctions are used by scripts above to set up the compute and
+  the environment for the tests on AzureML.  For example, the
+  environment with all dependencies of Recommenders is created by the
+  function `get_or_create_environment` via the [Dockerfile](../tools/docker/Dockerfile).
+  More details on Docker support can be found at [tools/docker/README.md](../tools/docker/README.md).
+* [`test_groups.py`](./ci/azureml_tests/test_groups.py): this script
+  defines the groups of tests. If the tests are part of the unit
+  tests, the total compute time of each group should be less than
+  15min. If the tests are part of the nightly builds, the total time
+  of each group should be less than 35min.
 
 ## How to contribute tests to the repository
 

tests/ci/azureml_tests/aml_utils.py

@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@
 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/machine-learning/reference-migrate-sdk-v1-mlflow-tracking?view=azureml-api-2&tabs=aml%2Ccli%2Cmlflow
 """
 import pathlib
-import tempfile
+import re
 
 from azure.ai.ml import MLClient, command
 from azure.ai.ml.entities import AmlCompute, BuildContext, Environment, Workspace
 from azure.ai.ml.exceptions import JobException
 from azure.core.exceptions import ResourceExistsError
 from azure.identity import DefaultAzureCredential
 
+
 def get_client(subscription_id, resource_group, workspace_name):
     """
     Get the client with specified AzureML workspace, or create one if not existing.
@@ -61,9 +62,8 @@ def get_or_create_environment(
     environment_name,
     use_gpu,
     use_spark,
-    conda_pkg_jdk,
+    conda_openjdk_version,
     python_version,
-    commit_sha,
 ):
     """
     AzureML requires the run environment to be setup prior to submission.
@@ -77,81 +77,39 @@ def get_or_create_environment(
             added to the conda environment, else False
         use_spark (bool): True if PySpark packages should be
             added to the conda environment, else False
-        conda_pkg_jdk (str): "openjdk=8" by default
-        python_version (str): python version, such as "3.9"
-        commit_sha (str): the commit that triggers the workflow
+        conda_openjdk_version (str): "21" by default
+        python_version (str): python version, such as "3.11"
     """
-    conda_env_name = "reco"
-    conda_env_yml = "environment.yml"
-    condafile = fr"""
-name: {conda_env_name}
-channels:
-  - conda-forge
-dependencies:
-  - python={python_version}
-  - {conda_pkg_jdk}
-  - pip
-  - pip:
-    - recommenders[dev{",gpu" if use_gpu else ""}{",spark" if use_spark else ""}]@git+https://github.com/recommenders-team/recommenders.git@{commit_sha}
-"""
-    # See https://github.com/Azure/AzureML-Containers/blob/master/base/cpu/openmpi4.1.0-ubuntu22.04
-    image = "mcr.microsoft.com/azureml/openmpi4.1.0-ubuntu22.04"
-    # See https://github.com/Azure/AzureML-Containers/blob/master/base/gpu/openmpi4.1.0-cuda11.8-cudnn8-ubuntu22.04
-    dockerfile = fr"""# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-FROM nvcr.io/nvidia/cuda:12.5.1-devel-ubuntu22.04
-SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-c"]
-USER root:root
-ENV NVIDIA_VISIBLE_DEVICES all
-ENV NVIDIA_DRIVER_CAPABILITIES compute,utility
-ENV LANG=C.UTF-8 LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y wget git-all && \
-    apt-get clean -y && \
-    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
-
-# Install Conda
-ENV CONDA_PREFIX /opt/miniconda
-RUN wget -qO /tmp/miniconda.sh https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-py311_24.5.0-0-Linux-x86_64.sh && \
-    bash /tmp/miniconda.sh -bf -p ${{CONDA_PREFIX}} && \
-    ${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/bin/conda update --all -c conda-forge -y && \
-    ${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/bin/conda clean -ay && \
-    rm -rf ${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/pkgs && \
-    rm /tmp/miniconda.sh && \
-    find / -type d -name __pycache__ | xargs rm -rf
-
-# Create Conda environment
-COPY {conda_env_yml} /tmp/{conda_env_yml}
-RUN ${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/bin/conda env create -f /tmp/{conda_env_yml}
-
-# Activate Conda environment
-ENV CONDA_DEFAULT_ENV {conda_env_name}
-ENV CONDA_PREFIX ${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/envs/${{CONDA_DEFAULT_ENV}}
-ENV PATH="${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/bin:${{PATH}}"  LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${{CONDA_PREFIX}}/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
-"""
-
-    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
-        tmpdir = pathlib.Path(tmpdir)
-        dockerfile_path = tmpdir / "Dockerfile"
-        condafile_path = tmpdir / conda_env_yml
-        build = BuildContext(path=tmpdir, dockerfile_path=dockerfile_path.name)
-
-        with open(dockerfile_path, "w") as file:
-            file.write(dockerfile)
-        with open(condafile_path, "w") as file:
-            file.write(condafile)
-
-        try:
-            client.environments.create_or_update(
-                Environment(
-                    name=environment_name,
-                    image=None if use_gpu else image,
-                    build=build if use_gpu else None,
-                    conda_file=None if use_gpu else condafile_path,
-                )
+    compute = "gpu" if use_gpu else "cpu"
+    extras = (
+        "[dev" + (",gpu" if use_gpu else "") + (",spark" if use_spark else "") + "]"
+    )
+    dockerfile = pathlib.Path("tools/docker/Dockerfile")
+
+    # Docker's --build-args is not supported by AzureML Python SDK v2 as shown
+    # in [the issue #33902](https://github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-python/issues/33902)
+    # so the build args are configured by regex substituion
+    text = dockerfile.read_text()
+    text = re.sub(r"(ARG\sCOMPUTE=).*", rf'\1"{compute}"', text)
+    text = re.sub(r"(ARG\sEXTRAS=).*", rf'\1"{extras}"', text)
+    text = re.sub(r"(ARG\sGIT_REF=).*", r'\1""', text)
+    text = re.sub(r"(ARG\sJDK_VERSION=).*", rf'\1"{conda_openjdk_version}"', text)
+    text = re.sub(r"(ARG\sPYTHON_VERSION=).*", rf'\1"{python_version}"', text)
+    dockerfile.write_text(text)
+
+    try:
+        client.environments.create_or_update(
+            Environment(
+                name=environment_name,
+                build=BuildContext(
+                    # Set path for Docker to access to Recommenders root
+                    path=".",
+                    dockerfile_path=dockerfile,
+                ),
             )
-        except ResourceExistsError:
-            pass
+        )
+    except ResourceExistsError:
+        pass
 
 
 def run_tests(