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SwiftUI usage guide

This document contains examples of SwiftUI components and views usage. This is a set of usage examples that I found useful to study SwuftyUI basics.

Table of contents

Components

TextField

Simple text field

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        Text("Hello world")
            .italic()
            .font(.title)
            .lineLimit(1)
            .padding()
            .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .center)
            .multilineTextAlignment(.center)
    }
}

Simple TextField with rounded border

TextField("Text placeholder", text: $text)
                .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())

TextField with custom border

TextField("Text placeholder", text: $text)
    .background(
        RoundedRectangle(cornerRadius: 30)
            .strokeBorder(Color.blue, lineWidth: 5))

SecureField

Secured input

SecureField("Enter password", text: $password)

TextView

If you need multiline text input you have to use UITextView from UIKit

struct TextView: UIViewRepresentable {
    @Binding var text: String
    var font:UIFont? = UIFont(name: "HelveticaNeue", size: 15)
    var background:UIColor? = nil

    func makeCoordinator() -> Coordinator {
        Coordinator(self)
    }

    func makeUIView(context: Context) -> UITextView {
        let textView = UITextView()
        textView.delegate = context.coordinator
        if let font=self.font {
            textView.font = font
        }
        if let background = self.background {
            textView.backgroundColor = background
        }
        return textView
    }

    func updateUIView(_ uiView: UITextView, context: Context) {
        uiView.text = text
    }

    class Coordinator : NSObject, UITextViewDelegate {
        var parent: TextView
        
        init(_ uiTextView: TextView) {
            self.parent = uiTextView
        }

        func textView(_ textView: UITextView, shouldChangeTextIn range: NSRange, replacementText text: String) -> Bool {
            return true
        }

        func textViewDidChange(_ textView: UITextView) {
            self.parent.text = textView.text
        }
    }
}

After that you can use it

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var text:String = ""
    var body: some View {
        TextView(text: $text, background: UIColor.red)
    }
}

Image

System image fits and fills frame region

Image(systemName: "cloud.sun.fill")
    .resizable()
    .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fill)
    .foregroundColor(.red)
    .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
    .border(Color.black,width: 5)

Filled and clipped image

Image(systemName: "cloud.sun.fill")
    .resizable()
    .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fill)
    .foregroundColor(.red)
    .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
    .border(Color.black,width: 5)
    .clipped()

Image from assets with round clipped with white corner and shadow

Image("SalvadorDali")
    .resizable()
    .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fill)
    .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
    .clipShape(Circle())
    .overlay(Circle().stroke(Color.white, lineWidth: 5))
    .shadow(radius: 10)

For add zoom to image use MagnificationGesture gesture and scaleEffect metod

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var scale: CGFloat = 1.0
    var body: some View {
        Image("SalvadorDali")
            .resizable()
            .scaledToFit()
            .scaleEffect(scale)
            .gesture(
                MagnificationGesture()
                    .onChanged { val in
                        self.scale = val
                }
                .onEnded { val in
                    self.scale = 1.0
                }
        )
    }
}

Button

Simple counter exmaple with Text and Button components

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var counter:Int = 0
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text("Clicked \(counter) times")
                .font(.title)
            Button(action:{
                self.counter += 1
            }){
                Text ("Click")
            }.padding()
        }
    }
}

Button with background color and round corners

Button(action:{
    self.counter += 1
}){
    Text("OK")
        .foregroundColor(Color.white)
}
.frame(width: 100)
.padding()
.background(Color.blue)
.cornerRadius(10)

FloatingActionButton

Button(action:{
    self.counter += 1
}){
    Image(systemName: "plus")
        .foregroundColor(Color.white)
}
.padding(20)
.background(Color.blue)
.clipShape(Circle())

Toggle

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var status:Bool = true
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Toggle(isOn: $status) {
                Text ("Switch status")
            }
        }
    }
}

Picker

Static values picker

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var index = 0
    var body: some View {
        Picker(selection: $index, label:Text("Picker"), content: {
                Text("Value 1").tag(0)
                Text("Value 2").tag(1)
                Text("Value 3").tag(2)
                Text("Value 4").tag(3)
        })
    }
}

Static picker from values list

struct ContentView: View {
    let values:[String] = ["Value 1","Value 2","Value 3","Value 4","Value 5"]
    @State var index = "Value 1"
    var body: some View {
        Picker(selection: $index, label:Text("Picker")){
            ForEach(values, id:\.self) { value in
                Text(value)
            }
        }
        .pickerStyle(WheelPickerStyle())
        .padding()
    }
}

To hide label use .labelsHidden() and EmptyView() in label

Picker(selection: $index, label: EmptyView()) {
    ForEach(values, id:\.self) { value in
        Text(value)
    }
}.labelsHidden()

You can use different styles. Default style is WheelPickerStyle, but another styles may be used in .pickerStyle(). For iOS only WheelPickerStyle and SegmentedPickerStyle are available.

SegmentedPickerStyle

DatePicker

DatePicker allows to select date in range. the range can be set using dates range.

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var selectedDate = Date()
    var dateClosedRange: ClosedRange<Date> {
        let min = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: -1, to: Date())!
        let max = Calendar.current.date(byAdding: .day, value: 1, to: Date())!
        return min...max
    }
    var body: some View {
        VStack{
            DatePicker(
                selection: $selectedDate,
                in: dateClosedRange,
                displayedComponents: .date,
                label: { Text("Due Date") }
            )
            .padding()
        }
    }
}

You can use half-open ranges. To change display formate use displayedComponents

DatePicker("Date",
        selection: $selectedDate,
        in: Date()...,
        displayedComponents: [.hourAndMinute, .date]
    )

Slider

Slider selects values in range. By default range is 0.0...1.0 but you can change it with in and step properties

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var progress = 0.0

    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Slider(value: $progress, in: 0.0...100.0, step: 20.0)
        }
    }
}

Stepper

Stepper allows increment and decrement value

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var quantity = 0
    
    var body: some View {
        Stepper("Quantity \(quantity)", value: $quantity, in: 0...10)
    }
}

You can use something more complex in label

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var quantity = 0
    
    var body: some View {
        Stepper(value: $quantity, in: 0...10, label: { 
            HStack {
                Text("Quantity ")
                Text("\(quantity)")
            }
        }).padding()
    }
}

Custom increment and decrement

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var quantity = 0
    
    var body: some View {
        Stepper(onIncrement: {
            self.quantity += 1
        }, onDecrement: {
            if self.quantity >= 10 {
                self.quantity -= 10
            }
        }, label: { Text("Quantity \(quantity)") })
    }
}

Layout

Stacks

Use VStack, HStack and ZStack to organize components vertically, horizontally or on the Z axis. Use aligment and spacing to set elements positions in the stack.

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        VStack(alignment: .center) {
            HStack(alignment: .top, spacing: 0) {
                Text("Text 1")
                Text("Text 2")
            }
            Text("Text 3")
            Image(systemName: "cloud.sun.fill")
                .resizable()
                .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fill)
                .foregroundColor(.red)
                .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
                .border(Color.black,width: 5)
        }
    }
}

Spacer

Spacer expands all available space along the major axis of parent stack.

HStack {
    Text("Hello")
    Spacer()
    Text("world")
}

Divider

UI component which separates UI elements

VStack {
    Text("Hello")
    Divider()
    Text("world")
}

Group

Groups UI components

Group {
    Text("Hello world")
    Image(systemName: "cloud.sun.fill")
}

List

List of elements arranged in a single column

List {
    Text("Item 1")
    Button(action:{}) {
            Text ("Item 2")
        }.padding()
}

List from range

List (1..<20) { index in
    Text("Item \(index)")
}

List from strings list

struct ContentView: View {
    let list = ["1", "2", "3"]
    var body: some View {
        List(list) { item in
            Text(item)
        }
    }
}

To use complex objects you need to set some field as id

struct Icon {
    let id = UUID()
    var name:String
}

struct ContentView: View {
    let icons = [
        Icon(name: "cloud.sun.fill"),
        Icon(name: "cloud.sun.rain.fill"),
        Icon(name: "cloud.sun.bolt.fill")
    ]
    var body: some View {
        List(icons, id:\.id) { icon in
            HStack {
                Image(systemName: icon.name)
                Text(icon.name)
            }
        }
    }
}

Use .onDelete for swipe to delete

struct ContentView: View {
    @State private var galaxies = ["Andromeda Galaxy", "Backward Galaxy", "Hockey Stick Galaxies", "Lindsay-Shapley Ring"]
    
    var body: some View {
        List {
            ForEach (galaxies, id:\.self) { galaxy in
                Text ("\(galaxy)")
            }.onDelete(perform: delete)
        }
    }
    
    func delete(at offsets: IndexSet) {
        galaxies.remove(atOffsets: offsets)
    }
    
}

ForEach

Use ForEach to create list of views in a loop. It seems List but may be used more flexibly.

struct Icon {
    let id = UUID()
    var name:String
}

struct ContentView: View {
    let icons = [
        Icon(name: "cloud.sun.fill"),
        Icon(name: "cloud.sun.rain.fill"),
        Icon(name: "cloud.sun.bolt.fill")
    ]
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            ForEach(icons, id:\.id) { icon in
                HStack {
                    Image(systemName: icon.name)
                    Text(icon.name)
                }
                .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, alignment: .center)
            }
        }
    }
}

ScrollView

Scrollable view

var body: some View {
    ScrollView {
        VStack {
            ForEach(1..<50){ index in
                Text("\(index)")
                    .padding()
                    .frame(width: 100, height: 50, alignment: .center)
                    .border(Color.black,width: 5)
            }
        }
        ScrollView(.horizontal, showsIndicators: false) {
            HStack {
                ForEach(1..<50){ index in
                    Text("\(index)")
                        .padding()
                        .frame(width: 80, height: 80, alignment: .center)
                        .border(Color.black,width: 5)
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

Form

Container which groups components for data entry. For example settings, user forms, etc.

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var email = ""
    @State var address = ""
    
    var body: some View {
        Form {
            Section(header: Text("header").font(.caption), footer: Text("footer").font(.caption)) {
                TextField("email", text:$email)
                TextField("address", text:$address)
            }
        }
    }
}

TabView

Allows switch between views

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var selection = 0
    var body: some View {
        TabView(selection: $selection) {
            VStack{Image("SalvadorDali")
                .resizable()
                .aspectRatio(contentMode: .fill)
                .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
                .clipShape(Circle())
                .overlay(Circle().stroke(Color.white, lineWidth: 5))
                .shadow(radius: 10)}
                .tabItem({
                    Image(systemName: "star")
                    Text("First tab")
                })
                .tag(0)
            List(1..<30) { index in
                Text("Item \(index)")
            }
            .tabItem({
                Image(systemName: "star.fill")
                Text("Second tab")
            })
                .tag(1)
        }
    }
}

NavigationView and NavigationLink

Allows represent views stack. To switch View use NavigationLink with view as destination. You need to use .buttonStyle(PlainButtonStyle()) for images and buttons if you don't want to see blue overlay color. To set title use .navigationBarTitle().

struct ImageView:View {
    var image:String
    
    var body: some View {
        Image(image)
            .resizable()
            .scaledToFit()
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    private let images = ["image1","image2","image3","image4","image5","image6","image7"]
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            ScrollView {
                VStack{
                    ForEach(images, id:\.self) { image in
                        NavigationLink(destination: ImageView(image: image)) {
                            Image(image)
                                .resizable()
                                .scaledToFill()
                                .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
                                .clipped()
                        }
                        .buttonStyle(PlainButtonStyle())
                    }
                }
            }.navigationBarTitle("Images gallery")
        }
    }
}

If you want to see navigationBarTitle in old style, use displayMode: .inline

    ScrollView {
        //...
    }.navigationBarTitle("Images gallery", displayMode: .inline)

To add buttons at the top use navigationBarItems modifier. You can add several buttons with HStack. There is no standard method to pop view from the views stack but you may use next hack with presentationMode to go to previous view.

struct ContentView: View {
    var body: some View {
        NavigationView {
            VStack {
                Text("First view")
                    .font(.title)
                NavigationLink(destination: SecondView()) {
                    Text("Go to second view")
                }
                .padding()
            }
            
        }.navigationViewStyle(StackNavigationViewStyle())
    }
}

struct SecondView: View {
    @State var counter:Int = 0
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text("Second view")
                .font(.title)
            
            Text("\(self.counter)")
                .font(.title)
                .padding()
        }
        .navigationBarItems(trailing: HStack {
            NavigationLink(destination: ThirdView()) {
                Text("Third view")
            }
            Image(systemName: "plus").onTapGesture {
                self.counter = self.counter + 1
            }
        })
    }
}

struct ThirdView: View {
    @Environment(\.presentationMode) var presentationMode: Binding<PresentationMode>
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack {
            Text("Third view")
                .font(.title)
        }.navigationBarItems(trailing:
            Text("Pop view")
                .onTapGesture {
                    self.presentationMode.wrappedValue.dismiss()
        })
    }
}

Alert

Default alert

@State var isAlert = false
    
var body: some View {
    VStack (alignment: .center) {
        Button(action: {
            self.isAlert = true
        }) {
            Text("Alert").padding().background(Color.red).foregroundColor(Color.white)
        }.alert(
            isPresented: $isAlert,
            content: {
                Alert(title: Text("Title"),
                        message: Text("Message"),
                        dismissButton: .default(Text("OK"))
                )
        })
    }
}

Custom buttons

Alert(
    title: Text("Title"),
    message: Text("Message"),
    primaryButton: .default(Text("OK")){print("OK pressed")},
    secondaryButton: .cancel(){print("Cancel pressed")}
)

Modal

Show modal activity

struct ContentView: View {
    private let images = ["image1","image2","image3","image4","image5","image6","image7"]
    @State var isModalActive:Bool = false
    @State var image = ""
    var body: some View {
        ScrollView {
            VStack{
                ForEach(images, id:\.self) { image in
                    Image(image)
                        .resizable()
                        .scaledToFill()
                        .frame(width: 300, height: 300, alignment: .center)
                        .clipped()
                        .onTapGesture {
                            self.isModalActive = true
                            self.image = image
                        }
                        .sheet(isPresented: self.$isModalActive, content: {
                            self.modal
                        })
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    var modal: some View {
        Image(image)
        .resizable()
        .scaledToFit()
    }
}

ActionSheet

Displays action sheet

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var isActionsActive:Bool = false
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack{
            Button("Action Sheet") {
                self.isActionsActive = true
            }.actionSheet(isPresented: $isActionsActive, content: {
                ActionSheet(title: Text("Title"),
                            message: Text("Message"),
                            buttons: [
                                .default(Text("OK"), action: {
                                    print("OK pressed")
                                }),
                                .destructive(Text("Delete"), action: {
                                    print("Delete pressed")
                                })
                    ]
                )
            })
        }
    }
}

Tips annd tricks

Resize window when keybord is shown

Usually need to change view size when keyboard is shown. To do this create observer to get keyboard notifications and change view bottom padding dynamically.

import Foundation
import SwiftUI
import Combine

class KeyboardObserver: ObservableObject {
    
    private var cancellable: AnyCancellable?
    
    @Published private(set) var keyboardHeight: CGFloat = 0
    
    let keyboardWillShow = NotificationCenter.default
        .publisher(for: UIResponder.keyboardWillShowNotification)
        .compactMap { ($0.userInfo?[UIResponder.keyboardFrameEndUserInfoKey] as? CGRect)?.height }
    
    let keyboardWillHide = NotificationCenter.default
        .publisher(for: UIResponder.keyboardWillHideNotification)
        .map { _ -> CGFloat in 0 }
    
    init() {
        cancellable = Publishers.Merge(keyboardWillShow, keyboardWillHide)
            .subscribe(on: RunLoop.main)
            .assign(to: \.keyboardHeight, on: self)
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @ObservedObject var keyboardObserver = KeyboardObserver()
    @State var text = ""
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack (alignment: .center) {
            Spacer()
            TextField("Text", text: $text)
                .padding()
                .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
        }
        .padding(.bottom, keyboardObserver.keyboardHeight)
        .animation(.easeInOut(duration:0.2))
    }
}

Hide keyboard

To hide keyboard on component tap create endEditing() method in View

extension View {
    func endEditing() {
        UIApplication.shared.sendAction(#selector(UIResponder.resignFirstResponder), to: nil, from: nil, for: nil)
    }
}

struct ContentView: View {
    @State var text = ""
    
    var body: some View {
        VStack (alignment: .center) {
            TextField("Text", text: $text)
                .padding()
                .textFieldStyle(RoundedBorderTextFieldStyle())
                .onTapGesture { self.endEditing() }
        }
    }
}

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