Add solution for av-find-broken

av-find-broken/README.md

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+# Avito Backend Weekend Offer
+
+## 1. FindTheBrokenOne
+
+| Показатель           | значение                   |
+|----------------------|----------------------------|
+| Ограничение времени  | 1 секунда                  |
+| Ограничение памяти   | 256Mb                      |
+| Ввод                 | стандартный ввод (stdin)   |
+| Вывод                | стандартный вывод (stdout) |
+
+Вам предстоит найти хэш коммита, в котором время сборки приложения первый раз равнялось или превысило порог 'thresholdTime'.
+Написать реализацию функции 'FindTheBrokenOne', которая возвращает хэш коммита, в котором время сборки приложения 'BuildTime' первый раз равнялось или превысило порог 'thresholdTime'. Если все 'BuildTime' меньше 'thresholdTime', то функция должна возвращать пустую строку.
+
+### Ограничения
+
+'0 <= len(commits) <= 1 000 000'
+'commits[i+1].buildTime >= commits[i].buildTime >= 0'
+
+### На вход подается
+
+- список 'commits' истории коммитов в виде массива, где 'hash' - хэш коммита, а 'buildTime' - время сборки приложения с изменениями этого коммита
+- 'thresholdTime', который показывает порог времени сборки
+
+### На выходе вернуть
+
+Выведите 'hash' коммита или пустое значение
+
+#### Пример 1
+
+'commits = [{"hash":"654ec593","buildTime":3},{"hash":"7ed9a3d6","buildTime":5},{"hash":"20c1be38","buildTime":7},{"hash":"6d9eb971","buildTime":9},{"hash":"4ed905e2","buildTime":10}]'
+'thresholdTime = 4'
+
+Ответ - '7ed9a3d6', так как именно этот коммит первым превышает порог '4'
+
+Sample Input 1:
+'[{"hash":"654ec593","buildTime":3},{"hash":"7ed9a3d6","buildTime":5},{"hash":"20c1be38","buildTime":7},{"hash":"6d9eb971","buildTime":9},{"hash":"4ed905e2","buildTime":10}]'
+'4'
+
+'Sample Output 1:'
+'7ed9a3d6'
+
+#### Пример 2
+
+'commits = [{"hash":"654ec593","buildTime":3},{"hash":"7ed9a3d6","buildTime":5}]'
+'thresholdTime = 7'
+
+Ответ - '""', так 'thresholdTime' больше любого представленного значения
+
+##### Среда
+
+// CommitInfo - это вспомогательная структура,
+// которая уже существует в рантайме.
+// Её не нужно раскомментировать, код будет работать и так.
+// type CommitInfo struct {
+//	Hash      string
+//	BuildTime int
+// }
+
+func FindTheBrokenOne(commits []CommitInfo, thresholdTime int) string {
+// Напишите вашу реализацию здесь
+}

av-find-broken/go.mod

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+module github.com/skosovsky/algo/av-find-broken
+
+go 1.21.4

av-find-broken/golangci.yml

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+linters-settings:
+  depguard:
+    # new configuration
+    rules:
+      logger:
+        deny:
+          # logging is allowed only by logutils.Log,
+          # logrus is allowed to use only in logutils package.
+          - pkg: "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+            desc: logging is allowed only by logutils.Log
+  dupl:
+    threshold: 100
+  funlen:
+    lines: -1 # the number of lines (code + empty lines) is not a right metric and leads to code without empty line or one-liner.
+    statements: 50
+  goconst:
+    min-len: 2
+    min-occurrences: 3
+  gocritic:
+    enabled-tags:
+      - diagnostic
+      - experimental
+      - opinionated
+      - performance
+      - style
+    disabled-checks:
+      - dupImport # https://github.com/go-critic/go-critic/issues/845
+      - ifElseChain
+      - octalLiteral
+      - whyNoLint
+  gocyclo:
+    min-complexity: 15
+  gofmt:
+    rewrite-rules:
+      - pattern: 'interface{}'
+        replacement: 'any'
+  goimports:
+    local-prefixes: github.com/golangci/golangci-lint
+  gomnd:
+    # don't include the "operation" and "assign"
+    checks:
+      - argument
+      - case
+      - condition
+      - return
+    ignored-numbers:
+      - '0'
+      - '1'
+      - '2'
+      - '3'
+    ignored-functions:
+      - strings.SplitN
+
+  govet:
+    check-shadowing: true
+    settings:
+      printf:
+        funcs:
+          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Infof
+          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Warnf
+          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Errorf
+          - (github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/pkg/logutils.Log).Fatalf
+  lll:
+    line-length: 140
+  misspell:
+    locale: US
+  nolintlint:
+    allow-unused: false # report any unused nolint directives
+    require-explanation: false # don't require an explanation for nolint directives
+    require-specific: false # don't require nolint directives to be specific about which linter is being skipped
+  revive:
+    rules:
+      - name: unexported-return
+        disabled: true
+      - name: unused-parameter
+
+linters:
+  disable-all: true
+  enable:
+    - bodyclose
+    - depguard
+    - dogsled
+    - dupl
+    - errcheck
+    - exportloopref
+    - funlen
+    - gocheckcompilerdirectives
+    - gochecknoinits
+    - goconst
+    - gocritic
+    - gocyclo
+    - gofmt
+    - goimports
+    - gomnd
+    - goprintffuncname
+    - gosec
+    - gosimple
+    - govet
+    - ineffassign
+    - lll
+    - misspell
+    - nakedret
+    - noctx
+    - nolintlint
+    - revive
+    - staticcheck
+    - stylecheck
+    - typecheck
+    - unconvert
+    - unparam
+    - unused
+    - whitespace
+
+  # don't enable:
+  # - asciicheck
+  # - scopelint
+  # - gochecknoglobals
+  # - gocognit
+  # - godot
+  # - godox
+  # - goerr113
+  # - interfacer
+  # - maligned
+  # - nestif
+  # - prealloc
+  # - testpackage
+  # - wsl
+
+issues:
+  # Excluding configuration per-path, per-linter, per-text and per-source
+  exclude-rules:
+    - path: _test\.go
+      linters:
+        - gomnd
+
+    - path: pkg/golinters/errcheck.go
+      text: "SA1019: errCfg.Exclude is deprecated: use ExcludeFunctions instead"
+    - path: pkg/commands/run.go
+      text: "SA1019: lsc.Errcheck.Exclude is deprecated: use ExcludeFunctions instead"
+    - path: pkg/commands/run.go
+      text: "SA1019: e.cfg.Run.Deadline is deprecated: Deadline exists for historical compatibility and should not be used."
+
+    - path: pkg/golinters/gofumpt.go
+      text: "SA1019: settings.LangVersion is deprecated: use the global `run.go` instead."
+    - path: pkg/golinters/staticcheck_common.go
+      text: "SA1019: settings.GoVersion is deprecated: use the global `run.go` instead."
+    - path: pkg/lint/lintersdb/manager.go
+      text: "SA1019: (.+).(GoVersion|LangVersion) is deprecated: use the global `run.go` instead."
+    - path: pkg/golinters/unused.go
+      text: "rangeValCopy: each iteration copies 160 bytes \\(consider pointers or indexing\\)"
+    - path: test/(fix|linters)_test.go
+      text: "string `gocritic.go` has 3 occurrences, make it a constant"
+
+run:
+  timeout: 5m
+  skip-dirs:
+    - test/testdata_etc # test files
+    - internal/cache # extracted from Go code
+    - internal/renameio # extracted from Go code
+    - internal/robustio # extracted from Go code

av-find-broken/main.go

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+package main
+
+import "fmt"
+
+type CommitInfo struct {
+	Hash      string
+	BuildTime int
+}
+
+func main() {
+	commits := []CommitInfo{
+		{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 3},
+		{Hash: "7ed9a3d6", BuildTime: 5},
+		{Hash: "20c1be38", BuildTime: 8},
+		{Hash: "6d9eb971", BuildTime: 9},
+		{Hash: "4ed905e2", BuildTime: 10},
+		{Hash: "654ec59", BuildTime: 16},
+		{Hash: "7ed9a3d", BuildTime: 18},
+		{Hash: "20c1be3", BuildTime: 20},
+		{Hash: "6d9eb97", BuildTime: 25},
+		{Hash: "4ed905e", BuildTime: 30},
+	}
+
+	thresholdTime := 16
+
+	fmt.Println(FindTheBrokenOne(commits, thresholdTime)) // standard output
+}
+
+func FindTheBrokenOne(commits []CommitInfo, thresholdTime int) string {
+	// Быстрая проверка, если вдруг последнее значение меньше
+	if len(commits) != 0 && commits[len(commits)-1].BuildTime < thresholdTime {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Если длина меньше 20, то используем обычный перебор (20 вычислено тестами)
+	if len(commits) < 20 {
+		for i := 0; i <= len(commits)-1; i++ {
+			if commits[i].BuildTime >= thresholdTime {
+				return commits[i].Hash
+			}
+			if i == len(commits) {
+				return ""
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Если длина больше 20, то используем бинарный поиск
+	// Можно было заморочиться с другими видами поиска, но тут всего 1 млн значений
+	low, high := 0, len(commits)-1
+
+	for low < high {
+		mid := low + (high-low)/2
+
+		if commits[mid].BuildTime < thresholdTime {
+			low = mid + 1
+		} else {
+			high = mid
+		}
+	}
+
+	if low < len(commits) {
+		return commits[low].Hash
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}

av-find-broken/main_test.go

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+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+var commits = []CommitInfo{
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 1},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 2},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 3},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 4},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 5},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 6},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 7},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 8},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 9},
+	{Hash: "654ec593", BuildTime: 10},
+}
+
+var thresholdTime = 8
+
+func BenchmarkFull(b *testing.B) {
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		FindTheBrokenOne(commits, thresholdTime)
+	}
+}

av-find-broken/makefile

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+APP=algo/ya-details
+.PHONY: help
+help: Makefile ## Show this help
+	@echo
+	@echo "Choose a command run in "$(APP)":"
+	@echo
+	@fgrep -h "##" $(MAKEFILE_LIST) | sed -e 's/\(\:.*\#\#\)/\:\ /' | fgrep -v fgrep | sed -e 's/\\$$//' | sed -e 's/##//'
+
+.PHONY: build
+build: ## Build an application
+	@echo "Building ${APP} ..."
+	mkdir -p build
+	go build -o build/${APP} main.go
+
+run: ## Run an application
+	@echo "Starting ${APP} ..."
+	go run main.go
+
+test: ## Run an application
+	@echo "Testing ${APP} ..."
+	go test
+
+bench: ## Run an application
+	@echo "Benchmarking ${APP} ..."
+	go test -bench=. .
+
+clean: ## Clean a garbage
+	@echo "Cleaning"
+	go clean
+	rm -rf build
+
+lint: ## Check a code by golangci-lint
+	@echo "Linter checking..."
+	golangci-lint run -c golangci.yml ./...