Add negative tests

datafusion/sqllogictest/test_files/monotonic_projection_test.slt

@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ SortPreservingMergeExec: [a@0 ASC NULLS LAST,b@2 ASC NULLS LAST]
 ----RepartitionExec: partitioning=RoundRobinBatch(4), input_partitions=1
 ------CsvExec: file_groups={1 group: [[WORKSPACE_ROOT/datafusion/core/tests/data/window_2.csv]]}, projection=[a, b], output_ordering=[a@0 ASC NULLS LAST, b@1 ASC NULLS LAST], has_header=true
 
-// Cast to larger types as well as preserving ordering
-// doesn't invalidate lexicographical ordering.
-// Hence '[CAST(a AS BIGINT) AS a_big ASC, b ASC]'
-// is valid for the given ordering: '[a ASC, b ASC]'.
-// See discussion for rationale: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/issues/8838#issue-2077714891
+# Cast to larger types as well as preserving ordering
+# doesn't invalidate lexicographical ordering.
+# Hence '[CAST(a AS BIGINT) AS a_big ASC, b ASC]'
+# is valid for the given ordering: '[a ASC, b ASC]'.
+# See discussion for rationale: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/issues/8838#issue-2077714891
 query TT
 EXPLAIN
 SELECT a, CAST(a AS BIGINT) AS a_big, b
@@ -117,6 +117,8 @@ ProjectionExec: expr=[a@0 as a, a@0 as a_big, b@1 as b]
 
 
 # test for cast Utf8
+# (must actually sort as the sort order for a number cast to utf8 is different than for int)
+# See discussion: https://github.com/apache/arrow-datafusion/pull/9127#discussion_r1492336709
 query TT
 EXPLAIN
 SELECT 
@@ -135,3 +137,38 @@ SortPreservingMergeExec: [a_str@0 ASC NULLS LAST,b@1 ASC NULLS LAST]
 ----ProjectionExec: expr=[CAST(a@0 AS Utf8) as a_str, b@1 as b]
 ------RepartitionExec: partitioning=RoundRobinBatch(4), input_partitions=1
 --------CsvExec: file_groups={1 group: [[WORKSPACE_ROOT/datafusion/core/tests/data/window_2.csv]]}, projection=[a, b], output_ordering=[a@0 ASC NULLS LAST, b@1 ASC NULLS LAST], has_header=true
+
+# We cannot determine a+b is ordered from the
+# invariant [a ASC, b ASC] is satisfied. Hence
+# we should see a SortExec with a+b ASC in the plan.
+query TT
+EXPLAIN
+SELECT a, b
+FROM multiple_ordered_table
+ORDER BY a + b ASC;
+----
+logical_plan
+Sort: multiple_ordered_table.a + multiple_ordered_table.b ASC NULLS LAST
+--TableScan: multiple_ordered_table projection=[a, b]
+physical_plan
+SortExec: expr=[a@0 + b@1 ASC NULLS LAST]
+--CsvExec: file_groups={1 group: [[WORKSPACE_ROOT/datafusion/core/tests/data/window_2.csv]]}, projection=[a, b], output_ordering=[a@0 ASC NULLS LAST, b@1 ASC NULLS LAST], has_header=true
+
+# With similar reasoning above. It is not guaranteed sum_expr is ordered
+# Hence we should see a SortExec with sum_expr ASC in the plan.
+query TT
+EXPLAIN
+SELECT CAST(a+b AS BIGINT) sum_expr, a, b
+FROM multiple_ordered_table
+ORDER BY sum_expr ASC;
+----
+logical_plan
+Sort: sum_expr ASC NULLS LAST
+--Projection: CAST(multiple_ordered_table.a + multiple_ordered_table.b AS Int64) AS sum_expr, multiple_ordered_table.a, multiple_ordered_table.b
+----TableScan: multiple_ordered_table projection=[a, b]
+physical_plan
+SortPreservingMergeExec: [sum_expr@0 ASC NULLS LAST]
+--SortExec: expr=[sum_expr@0 ASC NULLS LAST]
+----ProjectionExec: expr=[CAST(a@0 + b@1 AS Int64) as sum_expr, a@0 as a, b@1 as b]
+------RepartitionExec: partitioning=RoundRobinBatch(4), input_partitions=1
+--------CsvExec: file_groups={1 group: [[WORKSPACE_ROOT/datafusion/core/tests/data/window_2.csv]]}, projection=[a, b], output_ordering=[a@0 ASC NULLS LAST, b@1 ASC NULLS LAST], has_header=true