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Notes on the Free Translation Project | ||
************************************* | ||
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Free software is going international! The Free Translation Project | ||
is a way to get maintainers of free software, translators, and users all | ||
together, so that will gradually become able to speak many languages. | ||
A few packages already provide translations for their messages. | ||
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If you found this `ABOUT-NLS' file inside a distribution, you may | ||
assume that the distributed package does use GNU `gettext' internally, | ||
itself available at your nearest GNU archive site. But you do *not* | ||
need to install GNU `gettext' prior to configuring, installing or using | ||
this package with messages translated. | ||
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Installers will find here some useful hints. These notes also | ||
explain how users should proceed for getting the programs to use the | ||
available translations. They tell how people wanting to contribute and | ||
work at translations should contact the appropriate team. | ||
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When reporting bugs in the `intl/' directory or bugs which may be | ||
related to internationalization, you should tell about the version of | ||
`gettext' which is used. The information can be found in the | ||
`intl/VERSION' file, in internationalized packages. | ||
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One advise in advance | ||
===================== | ||
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If you want to exploit the full power of internationalization, you | ||
should configure it using | ||
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./configure --with-included-gettext | ||
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to force usage of internationalizing routines provided within this | ||
package, despite the existence of internationalizing capabilities in the | ||
operating system where this package is being installed. So far, only | ||
the `gettext' implementation in the GNU C library version 2 provides as | ||
many features (such as locale alias or message inheritance) as the | ||
implementation here. It is also not possible to offer this additional | ||
functionality on top of a `catgets' implementation. Future versions of | ||
GNU `gettext' will very likely convey even more functionality. So it | ||
might be a good idea to change to GNU `gettext' as soon as possible. | ||
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So you need not provide this option if you are using GNU libc 2 or | ||
you have installed a recent copy of the GNU gettext package with the | ||
included `libintl'. | ||
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INSTALL Matters | ||
=============== | ||
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Some packages are "localizable" when properly installed; the | ||
programs they contain can be made to speak your own native language. | ||
Most such packages use GNU `gettext'. Other packages have their own | ||
ways to internationalization, predating GNU `gettext'. | ||
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By default, this package will be installed to allow translation of | ||
messages. It will automatically detect whether the system provides | ||
usable `catgets' (if using this is selected by the installer) or | ||
`gettext' functions. If neither is available, the GNU `gettext' own | ||
library will be used. This library is wholly contained within this | ||
package, usually in the `intl/' subdirectory, so prior installation of | ||
the GNU `gettext' package is *not* required. Installers may use | ||
special options at configuration time for changing the default | ||
behaviour. The commands: | ||
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./configure --with-included-gettext | ||
./configure --with-catgets | ||
./configure --disable-nls | ||
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will respectively bypass any pre-existing `catgets' or `gettext' to use | ||
the internationalizing routines provided within this package, enable | ||
the use of the `catgets' functions (if found on the locale system), or | ||
else, *totally* disable translation of messages. | ||
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When you already have GNU `gettext' installed on your system and run | ||
configure without an option for your new package, `configure' will | ||
probably detect the previously built and installed `libintl.a' file and | ||
will decide to use this. This might be not what is desirable. You | ||
should use the more recent version of the GNU `gettext' library. I.e. | ||
if the file `intl/VERSION' shows that the library which comes with this | ||
package is more recent, you should use | ||
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./configure --with-included-gettext | ||
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to prevent auto-detection. | ||
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By default the configuration process will not test for the `catgets' | ||
function and therefore they will not be used. The reasons are already | ||
given above: the emulation on top of `catgets' cannot provide all the | ||
extensions provided by the GNU `gettext' library. If you nevertheless | ||
want to use the `catgets' functions use | ||
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./configure --with-catgets | ||
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to enable the test for `catgets' (this causes no harm if `catgets' is | ||
not available on your system). If you really select this option we | ||
would like to hear about the reasons because we cannot think of any | ||
good one ourself. | ||
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Internationalized packages have usually many `po/LL.po' files, where | ||
LL gives an ISO 639 two-letter code identifying the language. Unless | ||
translations have been forbidden at `configure' time by using the | ||
`--disable-nls' switch, all available translations are installed | ||
together with the package. However, the environment variable `LINGUAS' | ||
may be set, prior to configuration, to limit the installed set. | ||
`LINGUAS' should then contain a space separated list of two-letter | ||
codes, stating which languages are allowed. | ||
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Using This Package | ||
================== | ||
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As a user, if your language has been installed for this package, you | ||
only have to set the `LANG' environment variable to the appropriate | ||
ISO 639 `LL' two-letter code prior to using the programs in the | ||
package. For example, let's suppose that you speak German. At the | ||
shell prompt, merely execute `setenv LANG de' (in `csh'), | ||
`export LANG; LANG=de' (in `sh') or `export LANG=de' (in `bash'). This | ||
can be done from your `.login' or `.profile' file, once and for all. | ||
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An operating system might already offer message localization for | ||
many of its programs, while other programs have been installed locally | ||
with the full capabilities of GNU `gettext'. Just using `gettext' | ||
extended syntax for `LANG' would break proper localization of already | ||
available operating system programs. In this case, users should set | ||
both `LANGUAGE' and `LANG' variables in their environment, as programs | ||
using GNU `gettext' give preference to `LANGUAGE'. For example, some | ||
Swedish users would rather read translations in German than English for | ||
when Swedish is not available. This is easily accomplished by setting | ||
`LANGUAGE' to `sv:de' while leaving `LANG' to `sv'. | ||
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Translating Teams | ||
================= | ||
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For the Free Translation Project to be a success, we need interested | ||
people who like their own language and write it well, and who are also | ||
able to synergize with other translators speaking the same language. | ||
Each translation team has its own mailing list, courtesy of Linux | ||
International. You may reach your translation team at the address | ||
`[email protected]', replacing LL by the two-letter ISO 639 code for your | ||
language. Language codes are *not* the same as the country codes given | ||
in ISO 3166. The following translation teams exist, as of August 1997: | ||
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Chinese `zh', Czech `cs', Danish `da', Dutch `nl', English `en', | ||
Esperanto `eo', Finnish `fi', French `fr', German `de', Hungarian | ||
`hu', Irish `ga', Italian `it', Indonesian `id', Japanese `ja', | ||
Korean `ko', Latin `la', Norwegian `no', Persian `fa', Polish | ||
`pl', Portuguese `pt', Russian `ru', Slovenian `sl', Spanish `es', | ||
Swedish `sv', and Turkish `tr'. | ||
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For example, you may reach the Chinese translation team by writing to | ||
`[email protected]'. | ||
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If you'd like to volunteer to *work* at translating messages, you | ||
should become a member of the translating team for your own language. | ||
The subscribing address is *not* the same as the list itself, it has | ||
`-request' appended. For example, speakers of Swedish can send a | ||
message to `[email protected]', having this message body: | ||
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subscribe | ||
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Keep in mind that team members are expected to participate | ||
*actively* in translations, or at solving translational difficulties, | ||
rather than merely lurking around. If your team does not exist yet and | ||
you want to start one, or if you are unsure about what to do or how to | ||
get started, please write to `[email protected]' to reach the | ||
coordinator for all translator teams. | ||
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The English team is special. It works at improving and uniformizing | ||
the terminology in use. Proven linguistic skill are praised more than | ||
programming skill, here. | ||
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Available Packages | ||
================== | ||
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Languages are not equally supported in all packages. The following | ||
matrix shows the current state of internationalization, as of August | ||
1997. The matrix shows, in regard of each package, for which languages | ||
PO files have been submitted to translation coordination. | ||
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Ready PO files cs da de en es fi fr it ja ko nl no pl pt sl sv | ||
.-------------------------------------------------. | ||
bash | [] [] [] | 3 | ||
bison | [] [] [] | 3 | ||
clisp | [] [] [] [] | 4 | ||
cpio | [] [] [] [] [] | 5 | ||
diffutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 5 | ||
enscript | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 6 | ||
fileutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 10 | ||
findutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 8 | ||
flex | [] [] [] [] | 4 | ||
gcal | [] [] [] [] [] | 5 | ||
gettext | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 11 | ||
grep | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 9 | ||
hello | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 10 | ||
id-utils | [] [] [] | 3 | ||
indent | [] [] [] [] | 4 | ||
libc | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 7 | ||
m4 | [] [] [] [] [] | 5 | ||
make | [] [] [] [] [] [] | 6 | ||
music | [] [] | 2 | ||
ptx | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 8 | ||
recode | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 9 | ||
sh-utils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 7 | ||
sharutils | [] [] [] [] [] | 5 | ||
tar | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 10 | ||
texinfo | [] | 1 | ||
textutils | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 9 | ||
wdiff | [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] | 8 | ||
`-------------------------------------------------' | ||
16 languages cs da de en es fi fr it ja ko nl no pl pt sl sv | ||
27 packages 3 2 24 1 17 1 26 2 1 11 20 9 19 7 7 17 167 | ||
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Some counters in the preceding matrix are higher than the number of | ||
visible blocks let us expect. This is because a few extra PO files are | ||
used for implementing regional variants of languages, or language | ||
dialects. | ||
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For a PO file in the matrix above to be effective, the package to | ||
which it applies should also have been internationalized and | ||
distributed as such by its maintainer. There might be an observable | ||
lag between the mere existence a PO file and its wide availability in a | ||
distribution. | ||
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If August 1997 seems to be old, you may fetch a more recent copy of | ||
this `ABOUT-NLS' file on most GNU archive sites. | ||
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Chuck Forsberg: original rz and sz programs (Public domain version) | ||
Matt Porter <[email protected]>: Modification for versions 0.10 und 0.11 | ||
[email protected]: Modifications for version 0.12a | ||
Uwe Ohse <[email protected]>: Modifications for 0.12b und 0.12.1 | ||
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ZModem standard: | ||
lrzsz is compatible with standard zmodem as long as you don't use | ||
certain options: | ||
-8 is incompatible with the standard, but should work with most | ||
DOS/Atari/Amiga ZModems. It's a common extension, but a dangerous | ||
one. Do not use it unless you know that the receiver can handle it. | ||
-S is incompatible with certain ZModems which use the TIMESYNC bit | ||
for other purposes (timesync is a protocol extension by Peter | ||
Mandrella, read timesync.doc for more information). The default | ||
is to disable timesync, you must use the `S' option to enable it. | ||
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Calling conventions: | ||
lrzsz is not fully compatible with older UNIX ZModems: | ||
- PUBDIR (/var/spool/uucppublic) is normally disabled. If you like | ||
public writable directories please use: | ||
configure --enable-pubdir=/var/spool/uucppublic | ||
- lrz defaults to restricted mode, in which the sender must not upload | ||
any files outside the working directory or PUBDIR (if pubdir is | ||
enabled). With the old version you had to set SHELL=rsh. | ||
For more information read the SECURITY paragraph in lrz.1. | ||
- lrz: remote command execution is disabled. To enable it use -C (but | ||
be careful - the sender might delete all your files). | ||
- lrz: does not set executable bits for any files it received under | ||
a restricted shell. |
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