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# Long Grain White Rice | ||
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The type of rice depends on the degree of processing of its multiple layers: | ||
brown rice includes the bran, germ, and endosperm - the bran and germ are | ||
nutrient dense, but have tougher texture and a characteristic earthy color; | ||
white rice is generally just the endosperm - the chaff, bran, and germ removed - | ||
pretty much just the starch part of the whole grain. | ||
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## Washing the Amylopectin Away | ||
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Rice includes two main types of starch: amylose and amylopectin. Both are large | ||
carbohydrate units consisting of glucose molecules. Amylose is a straight chain, | ||
while amylopectin is highly branched. That structural difference leads to | ||
differences in the texture of cooked rice. Amylose is less soluble in water, and | ||
doesn't readily form a gel or produce a thickening effect in hot water; in | ||
contrast, amylopectin is more water soluble, and raises the viscosity of the | ||
surrounding water. Rice grain varieties that are relatively high in amylose tend | ||
to be more separate when cooked, with less sticking between grains, while rice | ||
with a higher relative amylopectin content tends to produce stickier rice with | ||
less separation between grains. | ||
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## Doneness: Gelatinization vs Pasting | ||
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Rice being mostly starch, is composed of semi crystalline granules. If exposed | ||
to enough heat and moisture, these starch granules swell and soften, loosening | ||
that hard, crystalline structure, a process known as **gelatinization**. When | ||
rice is fully gelatinized, it is soft and palatable; otherwise it feels crunchy | ||
(undercooked). | ||
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After gelatinization, continued heating or agitation begins to break down those | ||
swollen starch granules, leaching amylose and increasing the viscosity of the | ||
surrounding liquid. This process known as pasting results in sticky and mushy | ||
rice (overcooked). | ||
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