[release-16.0] Build and push Docker Images from GitHub Actions

[frouioui]

Description

This PR backports the auto build of Docker Images in GHA instead of Docker Hub. List of backported PRs:

• Build and push Docker vitess/lite to DockerHub from GitHub Actions #14243
• Build and push Docker vitess/base and component images to DockerHub from GitHub Actions #14271
• Build and push Docker vitess/vttestserver DockerHub from GitHub Actions #14314
• Add vtexplain and vtbackup to base docker auto-build #14318

[vitess-bot]

Review Checklist

Hello reviewers! 👋 Please follow this checklist when reviewing this Pull Request.

General

• Ensure that the Pull Request has a descriptive title.
• Ensure there is a link to an issue (except for internal cleanup and flaky test fixes), new features should have an RFC that documents use cases and test cases.

Tests

• Bug fixes should have at least one unit or end-to-end test, enhancement and new features should have a sufficient number of tests.

Documentation

• Apply the release notes (needs details) label if users need to know about this change.
• New features should be documented.
• There should be some code comments as to why things are implemented the way they are.
• There should be a comment at the top of each new or modified test to explain what the test does.

New flags

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If a workflow is added or modified:

• Each item in Jobs should be named in order to mark it as required.
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Backward compatibility

• Protobuf changes should be wire-compatible.
• Changes to _vt tables and RPCs need to be backward compatible.
• RPC changes should be compatible with vitess-operator
• If a flag is removed, then it should also be removed from vitess-operator and arewefastyet, if used there.
• vtctl command output order should be stable and awk-able.