Handle MySQL handler error codes

[shlomi-noach]

Description

Some of MySQL errors include more fine grained handler error codes, as seen in

bld/include/mysqld_ername.h:205:{ "ER_ERROR_DURING_COMMIT", 1180, "Got error %d - \'%-.192s\' during COMMIT","HY000", "", 162 },

For example: ERROR HY000: Got error 149 - 'Lock deadlock; Retry transaction' during COMMIT

Another example: ER_ERROR_DURING_COMMIT as described in #17248.

With this PR we formally introduce HandlerErrorCode. We add SQLError.HaErrorCode() which uses regexp parsing on the error message to extract the handler error code, if any.

Furthermore, some of these handler error codes indicate an unrecoverable error for vreplication. We meanwhile add a sample of those. We list the full range of existing HA errors, and mark a select few as recoverable.

Related Issue(s)

#17248

Checklist

• "Backport to:" labels have been added if this change should be back-ported to release branches
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Deployment Notes

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[dbussink]

@shlomi-noach Isn't it easier to invert this and only here have explicit error codes that are recoverable? That's I think also more robust for new error codes etc. in the future to assume it's not recoverable?

[shlomi-noach]

I'm ambivalent. On one hand, until today I have never encountered this error in Vitess. On the other hand, I'm afraid to introduce new (so called "unaccounted for") failure points.

[dbussink]

I'd lean towards treating unknown things then as not recoverable / retryable? Seems less risky to keep hammering on something that is an unexpected / unknown failure?

[shlomi-noach]

We now opt-in for recoverable errors.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.23529% with 2 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 67.42%. Comparing base (216fd70) to head (cb99a24).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
go/mysql/sqlerror/constants.go	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #17252      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   67.39%   67.42%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files        1570     1570              
  Lines      252917   252934      +17     
==========================================
+ Hits       170446   170529      +83     
+ Misses      82471    82405      -66     

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