03-Boolean&Conditionals

Input Function

• Gets an input from users
• Built-in function
• Result is always a string
• a msg can be passed inside for the user

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Conditional Statements (If-Else)

• use if-else statements to make the program do different things based on some logic/condition
• we can do a lot more than just print stuff inside if-else
• we can avoid elif and else statements too based on our needs
• we will only have one if and one else but we can have as many elif's as we want

Comparison Operators

• there are many comparison operators - >, <, >=, <=, !=, ==
• all of the comparison operators return True or False

Truthiness and Falseness

• All conditionals resolve True or False
• False values are - empty objects, empty strings, None, and zero

Logical Operators

• used to combine comparison operators to create boolean logic
• 3 types - AND, OR, NOT
• AND - Truthy when all the conditions are true
• OR - Truthy when any one of the conditions are true
• NOT - Truthy when opposite of the given condition is true

is vs. "=="

• they are very similar too

  a = 1
  a == 1 #true
  a is 1 #true

• They are different as is compares the instance and not the value

  a = [1, 2, 3]
  b = [1, 2, 3]
  
  a == b # True (same value?, yes)
  a is b # False (same instance?, no)
  
  c = b
  c is b # True (they're both pointing to the same thing in memory)

• is is only true when 2 values reference the same item in memory